Overview Of Cellular Respiration

Overview of Respiration - aerobic = requires oxygen to occur (ex: cellular respiration) vs. anaerobic = does not require oxygen to occur (ex: glycolysis and fermentation)

Organic Compounds

Glycolysis ATP

Oxygen Present Oxygen Absent

Cellular Respiration Fermentation (aerobic) (anaerobic)

ATP No ATP

Glycolysis - takes place in the cytoplasm of cells - always occurring and does not require oxygen - occurs before cellular respiration or fermentation - 2 ATP are used to start process - breaks down glucose into a net of 2 ATP, 2 pyruvate, and 2 NADH - Why is there a net of 2 ATP? - products (pyruvate and NADH) enter either cellular respiration or fermentation - Efficiency = 3.5 % (only 2 ATP are made)

Overview of Cellular Respiration = releases chemical energy from sugars and other organic compounds to make ATP when oxygen is present - occurs in the mitochondria of cells

Cellular Respiration – 2 Stages - occurs in the mitochondria 1) Krebs Cycle = produces molecules that carry energy to the second stage of cellular respiration - occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria - pyruvate from glycolysis is broken down - some ATP and other energy forms are made - carbon dioxide is given off as a waste product 2) Electron Transport Chain - occurs in the inner membrane of a mitochondria - made of proteins - uses energy from Krebs cycle and oxygen to make ATP - water and heat are given off as waste products

Efficiency of Cellular Respiration = 66% (38 ATP are made)

Equation for Cellular Respiration

C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6 H2O (sugar = glucose) (oxygen) (carbon dioxide) (water) Fermentation - starts with glycolysis - does not make ATP (but allows glycolysis to continue) Types 1) Lactic Acid Fermentation - occurs in your muscle cells - produces lactic acid, results in muscle fatigue and cramps - produces NAD+ that goes back to glycolysis

2) Alcoholic Fermentation - produces alcohol (ethyl) and carbon dioxide - produces NAD+ that goes back to glycolysis Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation

Importance of Fermentation - produces food products we use (bread, cheese, yogurt) - allows glycolysis to continue - microorganisms in digestive tract break down food (allows more nutrients to be absorbed)