Environmental Science Chapter 7 Notebook

Part 1: Vocabulary

1) wetland (pg. 185):

2) plankton (pg. 185):

3) nekton (pg. 185):

4) benthos (pg. 185):

5) littoral zone (pg. 186):

6) benthic zone (pg. 186):

7) eutrophication (pg. 187):

8) estuary (pg. 191):

9) salt marsh (pg. 194):

10) mangrove swamp (pg. 194):

11) barrier island (pg. 194):

12) coral reef (pg. 195):

Part 2: Section Reviews (Section 1 Review: pg. 190)

1) List two factors that determine where an organism lives in an aquatic ecosystem. ______

______and ______2) Compare the littoral zone of a lake with the benthic zone of a lake. littoral: ______

______benthic: ______

______

3) List two environmental functions that wetlands provide. ______

______How do these functions affect you? ______

______

4) Describe one threat against river ecosystems. ______

______

Part 2: Section Reviews (Section 2 Review: pg. 197)

1) Explain why estuaries are very productive ecosystems. ______

______Why are estuaries vulnerable to the effects of pollution? ______

______

2) Compare salt marshes with mangrove swamps. salt marshes : ______mangrove swamps: ______

3) Describe two factors that can damage coral reefs. (a)______

(b) ______

4) List two ways in which animals of the oceans are threatened. (a) ______

(b) ______

Part 3: Chapter 7 Review (pg. 199)

Using Key Terms: Use each of the following terms in a separate sentence.

1) wetland: ______

2) mangrove swamp: ______

3) estuary: ______

4) eutrophication: ______

5) benthos: ______

For each pair of terms, explain how the meanings of the term differ.

6) littoral zone and benthic zone: ______

______7) plankton and nekton: ______

______

8) salt marsh and barrier island: ______

______

9) wetland and coral reef: ______

______

Understanding Key Ideas:

10) Wetlands are important to fisheries in the United States because a. wetlands are the easiest place to catch fish. b. wetlands are the breeding grounds for insects that are eaten by fish. c. wetlands provide the most desirable species of fish. d. many of the fish caught each year use wetlands for feeding and spawning.

11) Animals that live in estuaries a. tend to produce few offspring. b. are usually found in unpolluted environments. c. must be adapted to varying levels of salinity. d. are adapted to cold-water conditions.

12) Bacteria can kill organisms in eutrophic lakes by a. feeding on decaying plants and animals. b. reducing oxygen dissolved in the water. c. Both (a) and (b) d. Neither (a) nor (b)

13) Arctic ecosystems are considered marine ecosystems because a. arctic ecosystems contain an enormous amount of frozen sea water. b. arctic ecosystems are inhabited by few organisms. c. sunlight is limited. d. phytoplankton form the basis of arctic food webs.

14) Which of the following statements does not describe a function of wetlands? a. Wetlands buffer shorelands against erosion. b. Wetlands provide spawning grounds for commercially important fish and shellfish. c. Wetlands filter pollutants. d. Wetlands make good hazardous waste dumpsites.

15) Tiny animals, called coral polyps, that secrete limestone create a. barrier reefs. b. coral reefs. c. swamps. d. salt marshes. 16) Mangrove trees grow a. along riverbanks. b. in freshwater wetlands. c. in tropical areas and in subtropical areas. d. in the benthic zones of lakes.

17) The Florida Everglades a. is the largest freshwater marsh in the U S. b. protects threatened and endangered wildlife. c. provides habitat for migratory birds. d. All of the above

18) Which of the following actions is an example of how humans affect wetlands? a. draining a wetland to create farmland b. clearing a wetland to build a housing development c. using a wetland as a landfill c. all of the above