Mongol Influence on Western Vs

Mongol Influence on Western vs. Eastern Eurasia

Western Eurasia: (What Countries?) Eastern Eurasia (What countries?)

Native Response Russia-many surrendered, some cooperated Suffered in early years Population shifts from Kiev to Novgorod & Countryside and peasants brutalized during the Moscow as favor to Nevskii conquest-peasants evicted, brutal taxation Land suffered from battles, pillaging Many became homeless Neglect of infrastructure: dams/dikes= flooding Population declined 40% Technology Economy inhibited by Mongol domination Medicine-Cross-cultural sharing of Chinese, Utilization culture stagnated Greco-Roman & Islamic medical/herbal Diplomatic passports, coal mining, movable knowledge-(anatomy, pharmacology & type, high-temp metallurgy, higher math, ophthalmology) gunpowder, then casting & bronze canon Engineering- astronomy & math reached China & Korea Knowledge of Muslim weaponry Economy & Trade routes along Volga revived & raised Secure routes of transport & communication Trade in importance Cities prospered but records sketchy Gold/silver flowed into Mongol hands Many elite families moved from government Reopened trade w/Constantinople service to commerce Heavy taxation of Russian territories Corporations handled most economic activities (Russian princes exempted themselves- Agricultural base damaged shifted taxes to peasants) City life catered to merchants not scholars Small cottage industries benefited due to connection to urban markets Religion Privileges granted to Orthodox Church- Buddhists and Daoists leaders visited Great helped reconcile people to Mongol rule Khan Lamas (Buddhist priests) became popular w/Mongols in 1200-1300 Confucian teachings used in public announcements & laws=legitimacy Society Russian dominant written language Beijing-center of culture & economic life Russian princes become Mongol agents-tax United 3 states-(Tanggut, Jin, Song) collectors & census takers. Some visit Great Mongols had highest social ranking, Central Khan’s court at Karakorum Asians & Middle Easterners, northern Chinese, Alexander Nevskii, prince of Novorod, lowest was Southern Chinese persuaded other princes to submit. In return, Reflected hierarchy of functions (warriors, Novgorod and Moscow overtake Kiev as census takers/tax collectors, merchants over centers of politics, culture, society Confucian scholars, etc.) Internal Threats Russian princes battled for supremacy Female infanticide countryside was ravaged by conquest, Southward migration violence over-taxation of Russians Flooding of Yellow River External Bubonic plague affected Ukraine region in Bubonic plague Threats particular Contact/influence of Byzantium & Constantinople Teutonic knights (German speaking) tried to protect Slav territory (destroyed in 1242)