Unit 1 Water: Exploring Solutions

UNIT 1 – WATER: EXPLORING SOLUTIONS

SECTION B: LOOKING AT WATER AND ITS CONTAMINANTS

What are the physical properties of water?

Main Ideas:

 Substances can be distinguished, in part, by their physical properties.

 Physically combining two or more substances produces a mixture. Mixtures can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous.

 An element is composed of only one type of atom; compounds consist of two or more types of atoms. Both elements and compounds are considered pure substances.

 A chemical formula indicates the composition of a substance. A chemical equation represents a reaction of one or more substances to form one or more new substances.

 An atom is composed of smaller particles (protons, neutrons, and electrons), each possessing a characteristic mass and electrical charge. An electrically neutral atom has equal numbers of protons and electrons.

 Ionic compounds are composed of positively and negatively charged ions (atoms that have lost or gained electrons), combined to give the compound no net electrical charge.

Objectives:

 Define and identify examples of physical properties.

o Define and identify examples of chemical properties.

o Distinguish between physical and chemical changes and identify each.

 Classify samples of matter in terms of elements, compounds, and mixtures.

 Interpret and create models that represent elements, compounds, and mixtures at the particulate level.

 Distinguish among different types of mixtures (solutions, colloids, and suspensions).

 Recognize, describe, explain, and distinguish among chemical symbols, formulas, and equations.  Recognize and distinguish characteristics of basic subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons.

 Describe what constitutes an ion.

 Indicate the electrical charge of an ion containing a specified number of protons and electrons.

 Write the formula and name of an ionic compound, given the compound’s anion and cation name and electrical charge.

o Write the formula and name of any ionic or covalent compound.

o Write the formula and name of an acid.

Objectives from the MA State Frameworks:

 1.1 Identify and explain physical properties (e.g., density, melting point, boiling point, conductivity, malleability) and chemical properties (e.g., the ability to form new substances). Distinguish between chemical and physical changes.

 1.2 Explain the difference between pure substances (elements and compounds) and mixtures. Differentiate between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.

 4.6 Name and write the chemical formulas for simple ionic and molecular compounds, including those that contain the polyatomic ions: ammonium, carbonate, hydroxide, nitrate, phosphate, and sulfate.

STUDY GUIDE

CONTENT:  Definition of ion

 Accuracy v. precision NON-MATH SKILLS:

 Physical v. chemical properties  Identify a property and/or change as physical or chemical  Physical v. chemical changes  Identify a piece of matter as an  Elements v. compounds v. mixtures element, compound, or mixture  Solution v. colloid v. suspension  Identify a mixture as a solution,  Properties of subatomic particles colloid, or suspension  Draw models of elements, o Ionic compounds, and mixtures at the . Roman numerals particle level . Polyatomic ions  Interpret chemical symbols and formulas o Covalent

 Identify a substance as an atom or o acids ion based on # protons and # MATH SKILLS: electrons  Density  Naming and formula writing  Percent error