Essentials Anglo-Saxon and Norman England 1060-88

Essentials – Anglo-Saxon and Norman England 1060-88 Succession Crisis – When it is unclear who the rightful king should be, happened in 1066 and again in 1087 Key Words Subsistence Economy – Just growing enough for your own family to survive, most Bayeux Tapestry – An embroidery, created on orders of Normans, to show story common in countryside and for most people 1060-88. surrounding 1066. Tenant-in-chief – Most important people below king under Normans. Controlled Bishopric/Archbishopric – An area under the control of a bishop/archbishop large areas of land and in return owed William military service and tax. Cavalry – Soldiers on horseback. Normans had them, Saxons didn’t. Wergild – Fine designed to stop blood feuds. Paid to family of victim under Edward, Capriciousness – Unable to make up your mind. Edward could be described as this paid to William after 1066 for disturbing king’s peace. in terms of who his heir should be. Witan – Powerful earls, thegns and bishops who advised Anglo-Saxon kings Church Courts – Set up by William and they tried people who committed religious Harder to Remember Names/People or moral crimes e.g. adultery (cheating on wife/husband) or blasphemy. Domesday Book – A book which William ordered created in 1085 and completed in Saxons Normans Stigand – Archbishop of Canterbury Bishop Odo – Half-brother of William. 1086. Included details of every town/village in England, how much wealth each had, and Bishop of Winchester. Removed Acted as regent sometimes. Along with how much tax was due each year and who controlled the land. from post by William in 1070. Lanfranc, led armies that defeat Revolt of Embassy – A visit to another country by an important person. Harold Godwinson Earl Waltheof – Earl of Northumbria Earls in 1075. Thrown in prison by William had an embassy to Normandy in 1064. from 1072-1076 when he was executed in 1082 for trying to invade Italy. Exchange Economy – Most common in towns, money often used in exchange but by William as a result of Revolt of the Released when William deathbed and not always. Earls 1075. then rebelled against William Rufus Feigned Retreat – Tactic used by William to lure the Saxons from the top of Senlac Tostig – Brother of Harold Godwinson, which failed so he was banished from Hill so that the cavalry could charge and kill more effectively. Earl of Northumbria from 1055-65 England. Genocide – Deliberate killing of large groups of people e.g. Harrying of North when rebellion forced him to leave Lanfranc – Archbishop of Canterbury Harrying – Killing, destroying, burning. A tactic used by William when dealing with country. Invaded with Vikings in 1066, 1070-1089. Acted as regent sometimes. rebellion. died Stamford Bridge. Changed church in a number of ways. Hue and Cry – Process of chasing someone who is thought to have committed a Edgar Aetheling – 14 in 1066. Chosen Made it so that Canterbury was a more crime. All villagers who heard had to join in. to be king by remaining earls after important archbishopric than York. Hastings but never crowned. Rebelled a Robert of Normandy – William I’s eldest Infertile – Somebody unable to have children. Probably what Edward was. few times against William but son, rebelled against his father and as a Marches – Borderlands between Wales and England. William created Marcher pardoned. Leader of 1069 northern result inherited just Normandy rather Earldoms; the Marcher Earls had greater privileges and less tax in return for rebellions which might have been the than both England and Normandy. defending England against Welsh. Lots of castles built in Marches. most serious rebellions William faced. William Rufus – Inherited England. Faced Papal Banner – Gained by William from the Pope to show he had Papal support for Was closest blood relative to Edward rebellion which he overcame. Emerged as 1066 invasion. Confessor king after a succession crisis. Perjurer – Somebody who lies under oath. William accused Godwinson of this in Morcar – Earl of Northumbria after Henry – Youngest son of William I. 1066 as Godwinson had sworn an oath to William in 1064. Would have helped Tostig was rebelled against in 1065. Inherited lots of money but wanted William gain supporters. Captured during Hereward the Wake England and/or Normandy. Known for Pluralism – If somebody controls more than one church post as Archbishop Stigand rebellion 1070-71, died in prison. weeing on Robert which started a did as Bishop of Winchester and Archbishop of Canterbury. A crime in eyes of Pope. rebellion. Regent – Somebody who rules on behalf of king whilst king is out of country