How Buildings Work: the Natural Order of Architecture (Hardcove

ARCH325 ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS 2 09:00AM- 11: 50 PM, MC26 - Rm 410 Matthias Altwicker

The provision for comfort, health and safety is one of the most basic objectives in architecture. Developing a basic understanding of how to achieve and maintain these provisions and how to integrate them into the architectural design process is the main goal of the Environmental Systems course sequence. Through a combination of theoretical seminars and practical design assignments the following main topics will be addressed over the course of the semester:

Illumination (Daylighting) Illumination (Electric Lighting) Electricity, Fire Protection, Vertical Transportation

Building on the assignments from ARCH324 Environmental Systems 1, three sequential studio assignments explore the inter-relationship between passive architectural design and active electrical/lighting design through direct application on a series of small project assignments. In addition to the studio assignments, two exams will be given.

Matsura Integrated System, SAR (Foundation for Architectural Research), 1982

Integrated Design The design of environmental control systems cannot be understood as an isolated technical discipline that follows once the architectural design of a project is completed. On the contrary, in order to design a building that offers maximum user comfort while using the least amount of energy, an integrated design process needs to be adopted where architectural design and building services technology are part of one coordinated holistic system. Even though architects are rarely responsible for the design of building services it is crucial that they understand the underlying principles and basic design approaches so they can productively communicate and collaborate with engineers and other design team members. The structure of the Environmental Systems course sequence and assignment requirements emphasize collaboration and clear communication as important aspects of the integrated design process.

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Green Design and Sustainability In the United States, the construction, renovation and maintenance of the built environment consume huge amounts of non-renewable energy and are responsible for over 40% of all nationwide CO2 emissions. Green design is no longer a choice but a necessity. Even though this is not a course specifically or exclusively about green design, all lecture content and assignments will be analyzed and evaluated based on their environmental impact. By permeating all aspects of the course, green design is understood as a cohesive design methodology rather than a series of environmental strategies applied to a design project and will enable student to design projects that optimize, conserve, or reuse natural and built resources, provide healthful environments for occupants/users, and reduce the environmental impacts of building construction and operations on future generations through means such as carbon-neutral design, bioclimatic design, and energy efficiency.

Course Structure Classes typically are structured in the following way: Seminar (1-1.5hrs): The seminar portion consists of lectures focusing on the different types of environmental systems, their history, underlying concepts and applications. Case studies illustrate these systems’ influence on the architectural design process and the final architectural project. Studio: Work and review sessions fill the remaining class time and are used to develop and discuss the studio assignments in a studio-like setting. Each class will have required assignments, due at the beginning of class.

Reading Assignments: The required textbook for this course is Heating, Cooling, Lighting – Sustainable Design Methods for Architects, 3rd edition (HCL). Students are required to purchase their own copy, new or used. In preparation for the lecture each week there will be a reading assignment from the HCL book and/or from additional handouts. It is imperative that students read the required reading before class. Additional sources of information which all of you should become familiar with and accustomed to using are:

Mechanical and Electrical Equipment for Buildings by Stein, Reynolds, McGuiness The architect’s studio companion by Allen, Iano Sun, Wind & Light by Brown, DeKay The green studio handbook by Kwok, Grondzik Mechanical Systems for Architects by Dadras

Studio Assignments: There are three sequential design exercises throughout the semester exploring the inter-relationship between passive architectural design and active electrical design through direct application on a small project. All studio assignments will be completed as teamwork (group size TBD). Teams will be determined in the first class.

Assignment 01: Empirical Daylighting Design Build a physical model of a room and test different façade designs in terms of their daylighting potential. The room has only one exterior wall and it is the goal to create an even light distribution inside of the room. The models will be taken outdoors and interior daylighting levels will be measured with a light level meter. The assignment will also include an Ecotect analysis exercise.

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Assignment 02: Office Building Daylighting Excercise Design the façades and the roof of a three story office building in order to maximize the use of daylight. The following design parameters apply: For energy efficiency reasons, the maximum glazing area of the envelope cannot exceed 50% (per floor, measured from finish floor to finish floor. Average Daylight Factor for daylit general office areas as per recommendations on page 60, Green Studio Handbook. More details and requirements see assignment hand out. The assignment will also include an Ecotect analysis exercise.

Assignment 03: Electrical System Design Use your “solar shelter project” from ES1 to perform a series of exercises related to the use of electricity in buildings. The building will be used as a writer’s retreat. If you don’t have a solar shelter project use the provided design. Load Estimate: Perform a preliminary electrical load estimate by finding wattages for appliances and equipment used in the building. Electric Wiring Design: Based on the recommendation in the reading and as described during the lecture draw an Electric Plan (1/4”=1’-0”) and locate appliance outlets, lighting outlets with respective switches/dimmers, duplex convenience receptacles. Carefully study the example plan (MEEB p.1292) and use the correct symbols and drawing conventions.

In addition there will be a required field trip report (Trip Schedule and Details to be determined)

Assignment Values 60% Studio Assignments (3 total plus in progress / development work) 30% Exams (2 total at 15% each), dates TBD 10% Class Participation - each student is required to keep detailed, graphic notes from class lectures and the readings. There is an adjustment factor to any evaluation based on the students’ intensity of effort and commitment to the course. It can be assumed that a minimum effort on these assignments will result in a poor evaluation.

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Attendance Attendance at every class is expected. No work-related issues or medical appointments are to be scheduled for class time regardless of convenience. The School of Architecture has a very specific policy regarding attendance: two unexcused absences will result in a substantial lowering of your grade; three unexcused absences require a withdrawal from the course. Arriving to class more than 15 minutes late will be considered an absence. All of you are well aware of traffic and public transportation problems, so give yourself ample time to arrive in the classroom. Cell phones are to be turned off during class time and will be confiscated if they disrupt the class. No eating during class time.

Portfolio It is required that students submit a digital portfolio at the end of the semester in order to receive a final grade. It is to include reproductions of all final drawings and calculations of all assignments.

A Note on Computer Use It is important to remember that the computer is a tool for production and not an excuse for late or unfinished work. If you are new to using the computer do not use this class as a means to learn how to use it. The expectations for both computer and hand drawings will be the same.

Evaluation Grades will consider the appropriateness of the idea, the project's completeness, the quality of presentation, and the effort put into the submission. Both content and presentation are crucial to the evaluation of assignments. Evaluation for content is based on the general quality, clarity, and development of the solution. Evaluation of presentation will consider the quality, precision, and craft of the presentation. As in studio, neither merely completing all the presentation requirements, nor merely having a good idea, will be enough to achieve a good grade. All work is expected to be completed by the assigned due date at the beginning of class. The grading scale put forth in the university catalog will be used in this course: A Superior A - Excellent B+ Very Good B Good B - Competent C+ Fair C Satisfactory, Average C - Marginal D Unsatisfactory F Failure

I Incomplete; this will only be assigned when a student misses class with an Institute-approved absence and is unable to make up the work by the end of the term.

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Preliminary Weekly Schedule

01/22 Class 01 Lecture: Lighting Fundamentals - Physics of Light, Quality/Quantity of Light

01/29 Class 02 Lecture: Light Sources, Lighting Design Process Studio: Handout and Explanation of Assignment 01, Architectural Daylighting Adaptation Reading: HCL Chapters 13.1-13.12 (p. 380-406)

02/05 Class 03 Lecture: Daylighting Design Studio: Desk Critique to review in-progress of Assignment 01, Architectural Daylighting Adaptation Reading: MEEB Chapters 11.1-11.7

02/12 Class 04 Lecture: Daylighting Design Studio: Desk Critique to review in-progress of Assignment 01, Architectural Daylighting Adaptation Reading: 02/19 NO CLASS

02/26 Class 05 Lecture: Electric Lighting Design Studio: Assignment 01 due; Handout and Explanation of Assignment 02 Reading:

03/05 Class 06 Lecture: Electric Lighting Design Studio: Desk Critique to review in-progress of Assignment 02 Reading:

03/12 Class 07 Lecture: Principles of Electricity Studio: Desk Critique to review in-progress of Assignment 02 Reading:

03/19 SPRING BREAK - NO CLASSES

03/26 Class 08 Lecture: Electric Wiring Design Studio: Assignment 02 due Handout and Explanation of Assignment 03, Electric Wiring Design and Load Calculation Reading:

04/02 Class 09 Lecture: Photovoltaic Systems Studio: Desk Critique to review in-progress of Assignment 03 Electric Wiring Design and Load Calculation

04/09 Class 10 Exam 01 Lecture:

04/16 Class 11 Lecture: Fire Protection, Signal Systems Studio: Assignment 03 due Reading:

04/23 Class 12 Lecture: Vertical Transportation Studio: Review of all assignments, Preparation for final presentation Reading:

04/30 Class 13 Lecture: Vertical Transportation, Special Topics Studio: Review of all assignments, Preparation for final presentation Reading:

05/07 Class 14 Lecture: Synthesis and Evaluation Studio: Final Presentation of all Assignments Reading:

05/14 MAKE UP DAY - NO CLASS

05/21 Class 15 Exam 02

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2 Portfolio and final project are due.

NYIT School of Architecture and Design ARCH325 Environmental Systems 2