Observations of Entomophagy Across Benin Practices and Potentials

Observations of Entomophagy across Benin – Practices and Potentials

L.G. Riggi¹, M. Veronesi, G. Goergen2, C. MacFarlane, R.L. Verspoor3 ¹ SLU, Uppsala University, Ecology Department, Sweden 2 International Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Biodiversity Centre, Cotonou, Benin 3 University of Liverpool, Institute of Integrative Biology, Liverpool

Correspondence: [email protected] Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Ecology, 750 07 UPPSALA, Sweden

Appendix 1: Map of Benin illustrating the sites visited (stars) and the distribution of different vegetation types across the country. (Source: Perry-Castañeda Library Map Collection Benin Maps.).

1 Appendix 2: Table of specialists interviewed to investigate the potential of entomophagy.

Specialist Area of work Dr. Priuli G.B. Fr. Florent Director of the Hospital Saint Jean de Dieu of Tanguieta Dr. Aouanou Guy Basile Medical Director of Paediatrics, and of the Centre for Nutrition of the Hospital Saint Jean de Dieu of Tanguieta Dr. Razack Adeoti IITA Agricultural economist Dr. Rousseau Djouaka IITA Coordinator agro-eco health platform for western Africa Dr. Gbangboche Armand Faculty of Agronomy, University Abomey Calavi Bienvenu Dr. Polycarpe Kayode Department of Food Sciences and Nutrition, University Abomey Calavi Prof. Arnold van Huis Professor of Tropical Entomology, Wageningen University in the Netherlands Severin Tchibozo Head of the Biodiversity Management Research Center (CRGB) in Cotonou, Benin. Local specialist of edible insects.

Appendix 3: Table of African edible insect species pool also present in Benin (Data modified from Jongema, 2013). Distribution legend: WA (West Africa), EA (East Africa), CA (Central Africa), SA (Southern Africa), PA (Pan SSA), gen.PA (genus Pan SSA). * Species found also in this study

Order Family Species Distribution Araneae Nephilidae Nephila inaurata (Walckenaer) EA, SA, gen.PA Bostrichidae Bostrichidae sp. PA Buprestidae Psiloptera wellmani Kerremans SA, gen.PA Steraspis amplipennis (Fåhr.) EA,SA, gen.PA Sternocera interrupta (Olivier)* CA, WA, gen.PA Chrysobothris fatalis Harold CA, WA, gen.PA Cerambycidae Ceroplesis burgeoni Breuning CA, gen.PA Macrotoma palmata Fab. PA Plocaederus frenatus Fåhr. CA, SA, WA, gen.PA Petrognatha gigas Fab. CA, WA Mallodon downesi Hope PA Analeptes trifasciata (Fab.) CA, WA, gen.PA Ancylonotus tribulus Fab. CA, WA Tithoes maculatus (Fab.) PA Sternotomis itzingeri katangensis Allard CA, gen.PA Coleoptera Dytiscidae Cybister hova Alluaud EA, gen.PA Dryophthoridae Rhynchophorus phoenicis Fab.* PA Elateridae Elateridae sp. PA Tetralobus flabellicornis (L.) PA Hydrophilidae Hydrophilus senegalensis (Percheron) PA Lucanidae Prosopocoilus serricornis (Latr.) EA, gen.PA Scarabaeidea Cetoniinae Gnathocera sp. gen.PA Goliathus goliatus L. Central Africa Scarabaeidae Dynastinae Augosoma centaurus (Fab.) CA, WA, SA Oryctes boas (Fab.) PA Scarabaeidae Rutelinae Popillia femoralis Klug CA, WA, gen.PA Scarabaeidae Scarabaeinae Pachylomerus femoralis Kirby CA, SA Scarabaeidae Trichiinae Platygenia barbata Afzelius PA Passalidae Passalidae spp. PA Chironomidae Chironomidae spp. PA Diptera Culicidae Culicidae spp. PA Hemiptera Belostomatidae Belostoma sp. gen.PA Cercopidae Cercopidae spp. PA Cicadidae Ugada giovanninae Boulard CA, gen.PA Dinidoridae Coridius viduatus (Fab.) CA, SA, gen.PA Fulgoridae Pyrops tenebrosa Fab. EA Zanna tenebrosa Fab. EA, gen.PA

2 Nepidae Nepa spp. gen.PA Nepidae spp. PA Pentatomidae Agonoscelis versicolor (Fab.) EA, CA, WA, gen.PA Nezara robusta Distant CA, EA, gen.PA Scutelleridae Sphaerocoris spp. gen.PA Apidae Apis mellifera adansoni Latr. CA, WA, gen.PA Meliponula bocandei (Spin.) PA Dactylurina staudingeri (Gribodo) CA, WA, gen.PA Formicidae Camponotus sp. gen.PA Hymenoptera Dorylus (Anomma) nigricans Illiger CA, WA, gen.PA Oecophylla longinoda (Latr.) PA Sphecidae Sceliphron sp. gen.PA Vespidae Synagris sp. gen.PA Rhinotermitidae Coptotermes sp. PA Termitidae Cubitermes spp. PA Macrotermes bellicosus (Smeathman)* PA Isoptera M. subhyalinus (Rambur)* Odontotermes sp. PA Pseudacanthotermes spp. PA Arctiidae Amerila madagascariensis (Boisduval) EA, gen.PA Brahmaeidae Dactyloceras lucina Drury CA, WA, EA, gen.PA Hesperiidae Coeliades libeon (Druce) PA Notodontidae Anaphe sp. PA Antheua sp. PA Noctuidae Busseola fusca (Fuller) PA Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) PA Spodoptera exempta (Walker) PA S. exigua (Hübner) Papilionidae Papilio sp. PA Psychidae Eumeta rougeoti Bourgogne PA Saturniidae Athletes gigas (Sonthonnax) EA, CA, SA, gen.PA Bunaea alcinoë (Stoll) PA Bunaeopsis sp. PA Lepidoptera Cirina forda Vuillot PA Epiphora bauhiniae (Guérin) PA Holocerina agomensis (Karsch) PA Imbrasia epimethea (Drury) CA, WA, gen.PA Lobobunaea sp. PA Micragone sp. PA Pseudobunaea sp. PA Sphingidae Acherontia atropos (L.) PA Agrius convolvuli (L.) PA Coelonia fulvinotata (Butler) PA Hippotion eson (Cramer) PA Lophostethus dumolinii (Angas) PA Nephele comma Hopffer PA Platysphinx stigmatica (Mabille) EA, CA, WA Sphingidae spp. PA Odonata Libellulidae Trithemis arteriosa (Burm.) PA Orthoptera Acrididae Acanthacris ruficornis (Fab.)* EA, CA, WA Acorypha picta Krauss CA, WA, gen.PA Acrida turrita (L.) CA, WA, gen.PA Acridoderes strenua (Walker) CA, WA, gen.PA Acrotylus blondeli Saussure EA, CA, WA, gen.PA Anacridium melanorhodon (Walker) PA A. wernerellum (Karny) Brachycrotaphus tryxalicerus (Fischer) PA Cataloipus cymbiferus (Krauss) CA, WA, gen.PA Chirista compta (Walker) EA, CA, WA Cryptocatantops haemorrhoidalis (Krauss) CA, WA Diabolocatantops axillaris (Thunberg) EA, CA, WA Eupropacris cylindricollis (Schaum) EA, SA, gen.PA Gastrimargus africanus (Saussure) PA G. determinatus procerus (Gerstäcker) Harpezocatantops stylifer (Krauss) CA, WA Heteracris coerulescens (Stål) EA, CA, WA, gen.PA Hieroglyphus daganensis Krauss CA, WA Homoxyrrhepes punctipennis (Walker) CA, SA, WA Humbe tenuicornis (Schaum) PA Kraussaria angulifera (Krauss) CA, WA Locusta migratoria capito Saussure CA, SA, gen.PA L. migratoria migratorioides (Reiche & Fairmaire) Mesopsis abbreviata (Beauvois) CA, WA, gen.PA

3 Oedaleus nigeriensis Uvarov PA O. senegalensis (Krauss) Ornithacris turbida cavroisi (Finot)* EA, CA, WA, gen.PA Orthacanthacris humilicrus (Karsch) EA, CA, WA Orthochtha venosa (Ramme) CA, WA, gen.PA Oxycatantops spissus (Walker) EA, CA, WA, gen.PA Paracinema tricolor (Thunberg) EA, CA, WA Schistocerca gregaria (Forskål) PA Sherifuria haningtoni Uvarov CA, WA Truxalis johnstoni Dirsh CA Truxaloides constrictus (Schaum) EA, gen.PA Gryllidae Brachytrupes membranaceus (Drury)* PA Acanthoplus sp. EA, SA Gryllus bimaculatus DeGeer PA Gryllodes sp. PA Gryllotalpidae Gryllotalpa africana Palisot PA Pyrgomorphidae Chrotogonus senegalensis Krauss EA, CA, WA, gen.PA Phymateus cinctus (Fab.) WA, gen.PA Pyrgomorpha cognata Krauss CA, WA, gen.PA P. vignaudi (Guérin-M.) EA, CA, WA, gen.PA Zonocerus variegatus (L.)* CA, WA, gen.PA Tettigoniidae Conocephalus sp. PA Ruspolia differens Serville EA, CA, SA

Appendix 4: Table of edible insect genera recorded in Benin also previously documented to be eaten in African continent and other regions of the world (Data modified from Jongema, 2013). Distribution legend: AFR (Afrotropical), AUS (Australasian), IND (Indomalaya), NEA (Nearctic), NEO (Neotropical), PAL (Palearctic).

Order Family Genus Distribution Coleoptera Buprestidae Sternocera AFR, IND Dryophthoridae Rhynchophorus AFR, AUS, IND, NEA, NEO, PAL Hydrophillidae Cybister AFR, AUS, IND, NEA, NEO, PAL Scarabaeidae Gnathocera AFR Oryctes AFR, IND Hemiptera Coreidae Coreidae AFR, IND, NEO, PAL Isoptera Termitidae Macrotermes AFR, IND, PAL Orthoptera Acrididae Acanthacris AFR Hieroglyphus AFR, IND Locusta AFR, IND, PAL Ornithacris AFR Truxalis AFR Gryllidae Brachytrupes AFR, IND, PAL Pyrgomorphidae Zonocerus AFR Tettigoniidae Ruspolia AFR Conocephalus AFR, IND, NEO