AP World History
AP World History Exam Regional Outline Tables
AP World History
Name ______
Period ______
Date ______
“The pessimist sees difficulty in every opportunity. The optimist sees the opportunity in every difficulty.” --- Winston Churchill Regional Outline for: Sub-Saharan Africa 8000 – 600 CE 600 – 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 – 1914 CE 1914 - Present Politics Pharaoh/queen (living Kingship legitimized by Islam, leaders cooperated with Re-colonization of Africa; Decolonization of Africa; incarnation of sun god), ‘People of The Book’, Bantu slave traders; monarchy Sierra Leone, Liberia ; attempt at representative internal disorder, invasions (stateless societies) coastal kingdoms ruled by government; involved in (900 BCE), irrigation warlords/merchants; WWII; renewed independence efforts civil war, government intertribal war; Revolutions; corruption; socialism White Man’s Burden Economy Trade with Kush and Trade, with Islam as unifying Triangular Trade/ Trans- End of Atlantic Slave Globalized economies; Mesopotamia, agricultural factor, trans-Saharan trade Atlantic Slave Trade; guns Trade Islamic states of mercantilism in former villages engaged in trade. routes; Ghana (gold), Mali; traded for slaves; slave trade West Africa still trade colonies; poverty stricken gold, salt, honey, slaves, ivory, with Mediterranean world slaves; rely on slave trade countries; international debt imports, trade with Byzantine Empire, agriculture more; economic slump Social Patriarchal, but women Merchants valued; patriarchal Demographic shifts; more Rapid population growth Spanish Flu (global Class/Gender manage household, own society, rich women more males in the slave trade than epidemic); clear black property, regents of rulers, restricted; Islamic law, ‘People females (females traded majority making priestesses, scribes, can of the Book’, religious more in the East coast); decolonization easier tolerance, class centered around divorce, high priest class age group depopulated (apartheid in South Africa) Science/Inventions Hieroglyphics, bronze tools, Hellenistic thought, manioc, maize, sweet Industrialization; guns, Slow technological papyrus, 365 day calendar, science/math potatoes (from America); textiles, alcohol (importance development due to medicine, math, astronomy, technology suffered due to of foreign imports); colonization, mercantilism, iron slave trade Enlightenment internal instability; miners; no money for industrial goods after WWI; oil (Nigeria) Art/Architecture Pyramids, temples, Linguistic, architectural, artistic Islamic art/architecture, Christian/ Islamic arts ; Western artistic forms, hieroglyphics version of Christianity; paper making; arts suffered literary/ artistic forms of the religious art, native art calligraphy, Mosques, minarets due to slave trade west (export)
Empire Geography—protected, Islamic urban center, Bantu Part of Triangular Trade Open to foreign takeover Decolonization new unique civilization, not as Migrations, trade centers, (with Europe and America); due to economic slump; sovereign nations urban as Mesopotamia, Nile Trans-Saharan trade route beginnings of European colonized by Europe river exploration ; Kongo, Benin, Mali, Songhay
Religion Polytheism , afterlife Islam , Christianity in Ethiopia Islam, Christianity, Islam, Christianity, Islam, Christianity, (mummification), Book of and Egypt, animistic, animism, ancestor animism, ancestor animism, atheists the Dead syncretism, worshipsyncretism worshipsyncretism Regional Outline: East Asia (China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam) 8000 – 600 CE 600 – 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 – 1914 CE 1914 - Present Politics Dynasties with emperors- Japan borrowed from China Fall of Ming from Abdication of Qing, Decolonization from Europe mandate of heaven Increased bureaucracy internal/external - Manchu unification of China Nominally democratic Start of Tributary system Japan: Warring States Fight for control with Mao Tensions- China and West bureaucracy/meritocracy Constant threat from North Period to Tokogawa Japan: abolishes feudalism, USSR/China split Prince Shotoku then Shogunate Civil code, regional govs Birth of Chinese Republic daimyos Centralized rule Nationalism = huge force Japan: parliamentary capitalism Economy Lots of money flowing in Paper money China: trade with Provide labor for Modernization of Japan, from Silk Roads Credit or “flying money” Europeans in Qing plantations/mines Taiwan, South Korea Otherwise agricultural High taxes cause peasant Japan: manufacturing, Meiji Restoration- quickly Post- industrial/high-tech revolts merchant class get wealth industrialized in Japan Less affected by global Serfs bound to land and power , urbanization, depression population growth Need natural resources Social Class/Gender Patriarchal Code of Bushido- chivalry Foreigners allowed in China Rigid Tokogawa hierarchy Slow to embrace/tolerate Confucian principles Women lost freedom in Manchus higher than ended diversity and individualism Women only power in Japan Chinese Middle class grows power High degree/variety social court Japan: hierarchy becomes Lower classes- horrible services Scholars/officials unbreakable, samurai at top conditions, taxed a lot Rise of feminism- suffrage military artisans lower class women more Women went worked WWII Few live in cities free – upper obey or die Foot binding outlawed Science/Inventions Iron Age Gunpowder for military Gunpowder more prevalent British introduced opium to Atomic bombs Modernized army Boasts = junks Globalization of trade China Nuclear weaponry Paper, accurate Navigation/block printing Westernization of Japan Militarism in Japan sundials/calendars, Iron production - steamships/railroads Computer, internet, agriculture improvements Agriculture technique Communication revolution biotechnology and genetic (plow) population cities science Art/Architecture Brush painting Infrastructure (roads, inns, Japan: kabuki theatre Artistic styles change more Theme for lit- resisting US Palaces postal stations) replaces restrained drama, rapidly and radically than New style= cubism Japan: haiku, pencil Woodblock prints = art ever before Movie industry sketches, ink sketches, Noh form, borrowed Korean Use of concrete and glass drama, tea ceremony ceramics and western oil New skepticism painting Empire Collapse of empires in Mongol empires – conquer Japan empire centralized The fall of China – opium Japan- WWII- invades China from internal China, but fail in Japan Fall of the Manchu empire wars, internal rebellions, Manchuria, China, Siberia – problems – economic replaced by Ottoman Turks Interaction with west = external lasses, Boxer taking over Southeast Asia, depression, natural and Ju Yuanzahng of Ming China – relatively isolated, Rebellion Bomb Pearl Harbor – brings catastrophe, social unrest dynasty Japan- periods of isolation Japanese imperialism- US into war atomic and acceptance Taiwan, Korea, Russia bomb US occupies Japan Religion Polytheism, animism Buddhist missionaries New sects of Buddhism Scientific/secular world Religious fundamentalism ancestor worship Shinto religion from China to Japan becomes dominant Western appreciation for Confucianism, Legalism Influenced by monotheistic Neo- Confucianism increase science spread Daoism, also spread of religions (ethnocentric, historicism, Buddhism from India Neo- Confucian thought rationalism) Regional Outline for Eastern Europe 8000 – 600 CE 600 – 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 – 1914 CE 1914 - Present Politics Religion based Mongol invasion 1237- Ivan III/IV - Russia – tsar continued to be all powerful Tsarist regime falls apart Hierarchal system 1241 Free from Mongols – 1480 Prussia – remained militaristic and Army in full retreat Delegation of - Russia divided into Empire expanded eastward authoritarian USSR formed – collapses following cold war responsibility small kingdoms Russia – centralization of Duma created, but no real power Soviet troops occupy all of eastern Europe Bureaucratic Tartars control authority Local rulers – zemstvoes regulate roads, Gorbachev tries to reform codification - left day to day control Peter the Great – St. Petersburg schools frees E. European nations 6th century Justinian to locals as capital Military officers based on meritocracy updated authoritarian structure in reality rule – restore Rome Parliamentary government Secret police First Russian navy Economy Byzantine empire Trade lapsed under Key economy bound to Backward position in trade COMECON Most important Tartars agriculture Exported some grain to W. Europe Economies nationalized western terminal of the North-south commerce Devalued merchant class Trade deficit lessened by increasing serf Collectivization under state planned control Silk Road never returned Limited commercial exchange output, not improving industry Soviet welfare system Constantinople located Moscow – trade, tribute Systemized tax system - realizes the need to industrialize Focus on heavy industry on important trade collector Metallurgy and mining But sill doesn’t want to be materialistic Lenin’s New economic policy routs Most part, remained Economics funded military Russia-five year plan agricultural Trades with nomadic people Social Serfdom began in Influx of jews Feudalism Emancipating serfs 1861 Muslim population growth Class/Gender Middle Age Monogamy replaced Peter the Great encourages -but most indebted, life doesn’t improve Lenin’s New Economic Policy gave freedom to Original sin devalues polygamy serfdom Increased literacy small businesses, peasant landowners – more women Fairly free farmers Women and nobles forced to Some upper class women have access to power Boyars-aristocrats-less dress in western fashions new careers Education started to spread – literacy political power Men shaved beards – denial of Pogroms against Jews Mongol tradition Power to upper class women Science Focus on Serfs-cheap labor Western machinery imported Cold War – Arms race, space race Scientists Inventions force impeded invention or Outdated agricultural methods – hard to highly respected new scientific ideas compete Research heavily funded John Desarguliers builds first Mendel and some peas, Pavlov and his dog Direction/research determined by government – steam engine outside England want applied science Art Hagia Sophia Ornate churches Not part of Renaissance due to Beginning of some arts flourish Art-attacked western style Architecture Mosaic Icons, illuminated illiterate Mongols -Tolstoy, Dostoyevsky, Tchaikivsky Classical arts Religion based manuscripts Architecture of city done by Nationalist pride through dictionaries, Literature walked line of angering government – Religious art vs. local serfs histories, folktales, music still discussed patriotism/Russian music, street performers Romanov Policy & theater - Italian artists/architects to work on churches/palaces Empire Byzantine Empire Kievan Rus Connection to Byzantine Feudal Kingdoms in Poland and Baltic Greece becomes independent of Ottoman could not replicate Empire States. Russian Empire dominated as well. Empire. After World War I, Eastern European Byzantine - married niece of emperor Southeastern Europe was part of the countries become satellite states of the Soviet Kievan decline – rival Expansion – fought Ottoman Ottoman Empire. Union. princes set up regional Empire governments Fall of Byzantine Empire Rapid decline of (1453) Byzantium Religion Animist – gods of sun, Vladimir I convert to Orthodox Christianity moved Russification – all Russians had to convert Soviet schools taught religion as myth under thunder, wind and fire Christianity to Moscow to Orthodoxy Stalin forced conversion Romanov family – state No church service to under 18 Splendor of Orthodox control over Russian Orthodox religious ceremonies Church Religion allowed to have vernacular languages Regional Outline for Latin America
8000 – 600 600 – 1450 1450-1750 CE 1750 – 1914 CE 1914 - Present CE CE Politics - The leaders are related to - Arrival of Cortes (1518) - Colonization - Decolonization divinity (priests) - Annihilates existing political - Implement own government - Majority rules - Hierarchal system system (Europeans immigrate) - Series of juntas/dictatorships - Codified laws - Religion (Catholic) plays a strong influence in gov’t
Economy - Little trade - Cortes – trading - improved technology - Europe cannot maintain - Internally based - Encomiendas - dependent - Monoculture - Mostly agriculture - Haciendas - Europe sucks natural - Difficulty industrializing - Large marketplaces - Trade of crops resources/profits - Heavily dependent on natural - Brought beasts of burden - monoculture resources (Venezuela) improved agriculture Social - priests rules - more hierarchal (by race) - Continued hierarchy - Society opens up Class/Gender - hierarchal - depreciation of women - New castes created (creoles, - More egalitarian - patriarchal (though women (European influence) mestizos ) - Some meritocracy appreciated) - Existing racism
Science/Inventions - Calendar - medical advances (longer life - primitive anesthesia - innovation continued - No wheels span) - tools for probing, incision, organ - beginning industrialization - Road system - Wheel brought in (levers, extraction - extracting natural resources - Chinampas pulleys) - blood letting - science/inventions gotten through trade - Brought in writing system - transfer of European (for Incan empire) inventions/influenced Art/Architecture - Ziggurats - Western/religion (Christian based) art - Combination of European, indigenous, - Religion-based - Mix of original Spanish and Western art and Christian arts.
Empire - Aztecs - decimated (guns, germs, - Spanish/Portuguese empire - split into many countries - Incas steel) - Treaty of Tordesillas (1949) - General Boliva: legacy of anti - Mayans - Iberian rule - Portuguese King moves to Brazil American, influenced many countries - Toltecs, etc. - Some French influence - No strong institutions due to dependency
Religion - Animism - West considered Gods - Christianity heavily encouraged - Atheism agnostics increased - Polytheism - Lose belief in previous Gods - Legacy of Catholicism - Worship of nature, etc. - West brought Christianity - Society more free to choose religion - Influenced (little syncretism: superstitions created) Regional Outline for Mediterranean Regional Outline for Middle East
8000 – 600 CE 600 – 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 – 1914 CE 1914 - Present Politics -city-state Caliphs Sultan -Ottoman decline -Turkish state - controlled city and -political unrest -Provincial gov’t -centralized, but -Sultan kicked out surrounding area -succession -centralized power -not around economy Ataturk- father of the Turks -problem Islam-Theocratic Rulers- codified Islamic law Economy Trade Participated in trade -Initially dominated trade -Trade still go on WWI- join central power -great traders -Trans Sahara Trade (beginning) -no longer dominant (lost) -agricultural -Silk Road/Route -Indian Ocean, African Coast traders/master traders -“Attempted” -Indian Ocean Trade Industrialization -Iran, Iraq- Oil supply (econ based) Social Class/Gender -Men work (more freedom) Education- more Harems established Women Women -Women confined to home opportunities -female slaves, women had -stayed same, had some -Even with pressure from -Slavery (owned slaves) Women- married at puberty some rights property rights West. Stayed same -from E.Africa - equal before Allah Social Class: 1)Sultan -not really property of men -negative effect, treatments 2)Gov’t Officials 3)Reg -hardly any rights -still had to wear the clothes Officials 4)General people -devalued to cover the whole body (peasants, Merchants..) Science/Inventions -Independent innovations Mathematics Military Tech -Affected by western science -Fall of USSR -4000BCE Bronze, Copper -Algebra, Geometry…etc -canons, guns -overtaken (no longer -start accepting west -Wheel, irrigation canals Science -Objective -advanced medically dominant influence -number system (from India, experiment -Medicines -stayed isolated improved) -classification -Science- navigation tools, -Navigation tools -navigation: astrolabe atstronomy improved -Medicine Art/Architecture Architecture -Calligraphy, designs -Mosques Arts Arts -Ziggurats -Minarets -Minarets -still had Mosques -still have, but not much -glory of civilization -Mosques -Mosaics -Minarets developments -Literature -Mosaics improvements -Poetic works: Arabian -styles still there, but Nights” -due to decline of empire, corruption, little time for art Empire Regional Kingdom -Islamic Ottoman Empire “Sick man of Europe” Young Turks -Babylonians -regular civil wars -“Gunpowder Empire” -decline of Ottoman Empire -Secularization, sceiences -Acadians…etc -1258 Mongols overran -Safavid Persia -Balkans technology Islamic empire -seeking independence -Iran vs Iraq -Turkey formed Religion -Polytheistic Islam Islam Islam Islam -Animistic -Suffi’s -divided -still the unifying force -more focused on religion -Many gods -respect for Jews/Christians -Sunni vs. Shi’a -tensions between Sunni vs. -tried to become like before -People of the book Shi’a still occur -still tolerant of other religions to some extent Regional Outline: Western Europe
8000 – 600 CE 600 – 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 – 1914 CE 1914 - Present Politics democracy (Greece), Small feudal kingdoms Monarchies Emerging Experiments with republic (Rome), Decentralization Emerging nationalism constitutional socialism, communism Holy Roman Empire, monarchies Swing between right Franks, English rivalries between and left wings nations strong
Economy Trade within regions, Manorialism European exploration: mercantilism really Globally interconnected sometimes trade Self-sufficient start of mercantilism took off Capitalism through silk road Some Trade colonialism mass production of Industrialized nations Columbian Exch. goods better global trade
Social Germanic tribes Feudalism/ Chivalry Hierarchical system Enlightment ideas Feminism Class/Gender Serfdom Power by land owners based on race and gave women rise Attempts to end racism Slaves, citizen, free Peasants tied to land ethnocentrism end of slave trade persecution jews, women inferior women devalued racism still exists minorities meritocracy
Science/Inventions Pythagoras, created Gutenberg – Printing Lateen Sails Industrial Revolution nuclear power, field of medicine Press Scientific Revolution Assembly line, mass Internet, Navigation technology production, technology in general
Art/Architecture Domed, ideal human Gothic style Renaissance beginning of modern New uses of concrete form, literary works, Polyphonic music Humanism art—abstract art, and glass, Movies, such as Epic by Homer cubism, impressionism Cubism
Empire Greece, Rome Holy Roman Empire England, Iberia… Imperialism Empires broken up nation states emerge always expanding and colonies independent, colonizing self determination
Religion polytheism, animism Roman Catholic Protestant reformation Protestant religions Better religious — Calvinism, tolerance Anglican Church, Huguenots Regional Outline for the United States of America
8000 – 600 CE 600 – 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 – 1914 CE 1914 - Present Politics Decentralized tribes and Decentralized tribes and Exploration/Colonization by Emergence of England as Cold War (world = villages led of chiefs villages led of chiefs mostly northern European preeminent colonial ideological battlefield b/w nations (France, England, powerAmerican USSR and US) ‘Police Dutch) Revolution = 1776 officer/Peace negotiator of -English colonial politics (Confederation more the world’ based on strong local centralized presidential government democracy) Civil War Economy -pastoral/hunter gather Even though less so Incorporation into global 1800s = Initial Interwar Period = Great societies- tribes economy is still rather trading network Beginning of industrialization of textile Depression - agriculture- have lots of localized agriculture Columbian Exchange full fledged industrialization (protectionism)Rebuilding great farmers, producing (African slaves to southern -Tech spurred improvement after WWIIEconomic their regional crops plantation, etc) of infra globalization
Social Class/Gender matrilineal societies matrilineal societies Now, based on European Racism among peoples, Acceleration of women’s social system: patriarchal particularly toward African rights (suffrage, divorce, -Enlightenment ideas-push Americans economic rights, for freedoms/rights of -Industrialization = women’s Feminism) Greater civil women rights slowly ^ liberties (Civil Rights Movt) -peasants, wealthy, nobility Science/Inventions For the most part, behind the Still behind for the same Huge one-way technological Tech spurred improvement Various tech that improved rest of the world (Cause: reasons (Some astrological diffusion to Native in infrastructure (rail) econ; Military weaponry geographical location = technology diffused from Americans from Europeans -Industrialization = new Physics (A-bomb) (Einstein), independent invention) Mesoamerica) technology Rocketry (Space race), Computer (Internet Art/Architecture Architecture: Crude, natural Moundbuilders of North European based art American regionalism, Architecture = steel larger materials for basic shelter America (current day (paintings, engravings) and expressionalism (Hopper, building Art: If any, probably based Mississippi area) architecture Rockwell), and Art New, independent form on nature abstractionism (O’Keefe, of American writing, movies, Dove, Burchefield) art, etc Empire No empire- series of tribe fragmented regions, no European colonial empires Expansionist domestic policy WWIWWII (expansion b/c societies central authority to rule and (biggest = New England) (expansion into of conflict w/ Axis)Cold combine all areas together West);Isolationist foreign War (world = ideological yet policy(Hesitant to enter battlefield b/w USSR and WWI)Spanish Am. US) ‘Police officer/Peace War=the US Empire negotiator of the world’ (Monroe Doctrine) Religion Most likely, animism Animism New religion/ religious fervor Christianity = prominent Christianity still dominant (Pilgrims) / conversion religion Introduction of Spread of other religions by (missionaries) new religions/beliefs by immigrants immigrants (Judaism) Regional Outline: South Asia
8000 B.C.E. – 600 C.E. 600 C.E. – 1450 C.E. 1450 C.E. – 1750 C.E. 1750 C.E. – 1914 C.E. 1914 C.E. - Present Politics Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro Collapse of Delhi sultanate Centralized under Mughal Mughal empire, Buhudar Nationalism Aryans (1500 BCE) in 1300’s Shahill sent into exile Indian National 16 states Indian National congress Congress Then Maurya (321-185 Ghandi Push for independence BCE) European influence (finally get after WWII) Central, powerful military Then Gupta Empire (320 – 550 CE) Central control w/ village gov’ts Economy Active trade and Indian Ocean trade and Thrived due to cotton trade European traders Globalization facilitate and communication with Sumer Trade with Islamic World, British East India Company create greater trade across Ashoka (Maurya) promote China, East Africa and the globe trade with rest areas for Persia travelers and Buddhist Traded: cotton, silk, missionaries elephants, gems, cinnamon, Trade with Mesopotamia – and salt Silk, cotton, elephants Silk Road Social Class/Gender Warrior aristocracy/ Caste system Patriarchal More racial based Still patriarchal w/ caste enslaved Dravidians Treatment of women better Abolish inhumane cultural system Arayans stratify class – under Akbar (initially) – traditions (Sati) Varna – four classes allowed widows to remarry Patriarchal and intermarry between Customs devalued women Hindus and Muslims, More isolated – purdh portray talents openly Science/Inventions Pi, Zero, numerical system, Introduced a new monetary Gunpowder technology European education Improvement of British medicine, astronomy, plastic system. promotes science/ invention railroads. Fast growing surgery economy focusing on computer and communication technology Art/Architecture Paintings, temples, Elaborate toms built during Blended w/ Muslim Roads, railroads, canals Combination of traditional sculptures, courtyard the Delhi Sultanate Arches, domes Indian culture with Western Taj Mahal architecture Empire Indus/Mauryan Delhi Sultanate Mughal British colony After civil war: India, Empire/Gupta Empire Gunpowder empire Pakistan, Bangladesh Decline: due to opening to become independent foreign control countries Religion Hinduism…Buddhism Islam, Islam, Buddhism… though Hindu, Islam, Buddhism, Muslim minority Hinduism, Buddhism mostly Hindu Christianity (though not very popular) Thematic Outline for Gender Relations Consider the Following: Inheritance, Infanticide, Rituals, Divorce, Marriage (Age), Suffrage, Leadership, Profession, Education, Religion (missionaries, deities, authority), Sexuality
8000 – 600 CE 600 – 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 – 1914 CE 1914 - Present East Asia China- patriarchal society, China- Had growing number Japan- women live with Women have little freedom, Women able to gain emperor can have more than of infanticide if child was increased restrictions on society corrupted because of prestigious jobs, although 1 wife. female. Males regarded as daily lives, obey husband or Opium Trade leads to war remain inferior to men. Can Matrilineal before Shang lucky-Primo Geniture. face death. with British Empire in Divorce and marry again. Dynasty. Wives and young girls had Women educated at home. Canton, Macau Expected to provide sons. foot binding. Known as Warring Period Western Europe Rome-Pater Familias- Patriarchal society but Queen mothers ran royal Industrial Revolution- Poor Men and Women seem Centered around eldest women could get power if house, kept relations with women who had taken almost equal-voting rights, Male. Women have were upper class aristocrats foreign nations and care of home/worked job interviews, and day-to- influence on family: or monarchs/member of controlled marriage alliance. in fields shifted to day rights. Can choose when supervising family business royal family. Exploration & colonization factories/sweatshops. to get married and not Greece-Patricians, ensures spread of More and more dependable on family to Plebeians, Slaves-had say in Spanish/Portuguese children working now, make choices. Well religious rituals, married language, culture, people moving to Educated- most prominent early and virgin till marriage Catholicism cities, immigrants o place for women US, Australia Eastern Europe NO INFORMATION Women treated as inferior to Russia- nobles adopt Emancipation of Serfs in Women still subordinate to men, but could have say in Western European culture 1861 brings massive men; however, both are family life. Both men and thru language (some spoke changes; Russia modernizes, required to work. Orthodox women work, mostly French) and dressing style, but changed precedent of Church doesn’t encourage agricultural style. Serfdom= but ordinary peoples remain tsars because of unrest divorce. Both males and work for protection the same. among lower class. females educated. South Asia Women gained little rights Women remain subordinate Mughal outlaw Sati, British try to outlaw both Still extremely patriarchal as “needed supervision” to men. Caste system encourage widows to Sati and Caste System, still but women can work + have from males decides each person’s place remarry, Hindu-Muslim try both illegally continued. good jobs, expected to Patriarchal- Sati in society. Males educated if for better relations. Violence between Hindu provide sons. Not as Couldn’t own property Brahmin, women not Women=Aristocrats, able to and Muslims also persist. auspicious as male babies educated, worked at home. supply income (all castes) Boys + few girls educated Latin America No clear-cut indications; Aztec/Inca ruled. Women Changes brought by Social inequalities persist in Rise of Feminism, more however, most likely could become priestess or Europeans, Coloumbian spite of laws against it, than just legal equality and patriarchal society based on work under the royal family. Exchange, slavery People of mixed race, right to vote (cultural and Latin American history. Human Sacrifice common encouraged, European Indians, blacks victims of economical), Cuban for gods. disease diminish Aztec and informal prejudice, slavery government limits rights of Incan culture and peoples. continued into 19th Century women: Communism Middle East Men were hunters, women Women initially able to Harems-complex social Merchants contribute to Laws still very religious were food gatherers. Ruled conduct businesses and hold network, originally non- expanding economy based (Shari a) but some women by elite, rulers, priests, and certain jobs (Mohammad’s Islamic slaves/prisoners, on trade with Europeans, can have businesses, males patriarchal society. Women Wife), Women don’t need to mothers had influence if son South Asians and East can have up to 4 wives if can gain power in courts, veil themselves, divorce is represented in court-became Asians they can provide substantial priestesses, scribes, small not tolerated members of sultan’s lifestyle for each business extended family Global Trade/Interactions Consider the Following: Major players, dominant vs. dominated regions, how goods traded, technological innovations, what was traded (disease, ideology, religion, materials), role of merchants, currency, routes, cultural exchange
8000 – 600 CE 600 – 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 – 1914 CE 1914 – Present East Asia China: silk cloth; roads China controlled east China: many navigational Opium Trade;1st China greatly Japanese silk exports reduce; constructed; Han-Silk Road trading zone; traded: silk, inventions[sternpost rudder, benefits from trade; China rubber exports damaged; trading increased; Iron Age; porcelain,& paper, military lanteen sails, astrolabe, opens up to Europe; Japan China prospered during Global modernized army (iron tech, Buddhism, Islam, magnetic compass]; relied on industrializes; Japanese ports trade; Vietnam: leading rice weapons, etc.); paper, accurate Christianity; Japan traded: regional trade; Japan: open up (1854) b/c second exporter; Japan supplied food sun dials/calendars, use of silver; China refocused on prohibited foreign trade Perry expedition. &raw materials, cars, metals, ox-drawn plow. Indian Ocean trade in 15th Industrialization electronics, etc; Korea: cheap century; expeditions by textiles;, steel, cars; Taiwan: Zheng He; junks; textiles; Singapore: 4th largest Mongols; Port of Canton; port. Western Europe Internal trade mostly; trade Crusades; Hanseatic Trade no longer land based European dominance of the Surrenders export dominance &cultural diffusion by boat; League: trade monopoly only; Hanseatic League; world; seized trading networks to US/Japan (WWI); Common wine and olive products for established; begins to European exploration and from local/regional control. Market; US: huge exports; grain in Greece; barter system trade with Islamic world; colonization; new navigational creditor nation; food, wheat, replaced w/ money technology utilized for voyages; corn, fast food; NAFTA; system;Hellenism; roman British East India Company; advertising= diffusion of culture spread; rds. connected stole info. From products and culture; to silk rd. Spanish/portuguese development of economic unions; Eastern Europe not much contact with the Hanseatic League: trade Russia: forced to establish Exported grain to Europe for Still agricultural & exports to W. outside world; traded very little monopoly established; agencies in Moscow/St. Pete; western machinery; # 4 in steel Europe; COMECON; Mongol Empires; traded primarily with nomads of production; industrialization; cut off from crossroads of Europe and central asia; Ottoman Empire: world trade because refusal to Asia; didn’t have much European traders formed join “Bretton Woods System”; interest in Western goods; colonies with Constantinople; dismissed western tech and trade. South Asia Indian Ocean Trade; Indian kingdoms India encouraged to trade with Exclusive trade over India with SW Asia joins in int’l drug Mauryans: promoted trade; rds. controlled Middle trading West but was more British East India Company; trade; cheap textiles; exports connected w/ Silk Rd.; zone; ports in India; preoccupied with imperial increase of urbanization due to clothing; became world’s Buddhist missionaries sent out; trades: gems, elephants, expansion. British colonialism; roads and largest democracy Guptas: “Arabic” # system, salt, cotton cloth & canals built in; raw materials inoculation of smallpox, cinnamon exported to Britain, finished sterilization during surgery, materials imported back to astronomy. India; Latin America Didn’t trade much yet. Lots of roads; didn’t really Exploration of Portugal; Spain LA trade increased Great Depression kills export trade. headed West-Columbus’s significantly; sugar, cotton, economy; US=Cuba’s leading voyage; Reconquista delayed cacao plantations, beef trade partner ‘til 1959; Spanish exploration; Vasco de exports-refrigerated boxcars; Columbia: int’l drug exchange; Gama, Dias, Ferdinand used for natural resources. Brazil: exotic woods; Mexico: Magellan; haciendas formed; oil; Venezuela: member of OPEC Middle East Great traders in Mesopotamia; Arabs dominated trade; Colonies formed here by Trade with Islamic world Oil; westernization; ASEAN ; traded with Egypt some; Silk controlled western trading western Europe. Traded with decreased; dependent on joins int’l drug trade; migration; Road Trade; trans-Saharan zone; traded: textiles, West but more interested in European imports; discovery of trade; adopted Sumerian carpets, glass & Arabian expanding empire; oil gains lots of money. beliefs; horses; Crusades; Trans- Saharan trade routes; Islam spread; Mongols; Africa East Africa linked to Southern Trans-Saharan trade Internal Africa not explored, Trans-Atlantic slave trade After WWI no money to China through Indian Ocean routes; salt, gold, honey, Europeans too scared. ended but slavery still purchase industrial goods, S. Trade; Trans-Saharan Trade: slaves, ivory (exports); continued illegally; coastal African miners prosper from use of camel/camel saddle; copper, horses, textiles, regions important for limited gold mines; after WWII rely on exchange of salt and palm oil; figs, iron (imports); trade: stopping points for sales of cash crops/minerals; N. Africa supplied Rome with merchant ships; center for Niger: oil producer, member of olives, wheat, and wild animals; slave trade; established OPEC; exports native arts Egyptian culture spread. outposts, naval bases and small colonies; diamond deposits; exported cotton to Britain;
Major Silk Road; Iron Age Silk Road connected Silk Road connected everyone; End of trans-Atlantic slave WWI & WWII; Great Themes/Turning everyone; east to west east to west (1200-1600); trade; industrial revolution; Depression; globalization; Points (1200-1600); Crusades; Renaissance; gunpowder; European dominance of world; Mongols; Indian Ocean European colonization and communication and trade; Trans-Saharan exploration; Commercial transportation revolution. trade; Marco Polo; Global Revolution; Atlantic Slave Trade Network; Rise of Trade; ships used for trade; Islam Crusades
Demographic Shifts Consider the Following: Disease, immigration – push/pull factors, attractive regions, infant mortality rates, life expectancy, diet, colonization, scientific advancements, war, forced servitude, urbanization 8000 – 600 CE 600 – 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 – 1914 CE 1914 - Present East Asia 1. Shang dynasty = Hwang He – 1. Trade spread disease, 1. Asia to Euro = yellow fever, 1. China = sweet potato. 1. Korea = highest population infanticide. black plague. malaria, small pox. 2. Japan = improve in nutrition, medical density. 2. Zhou Dynasty = feudal system. 2. Mongols facilitated 2. Malaysia + Indo + Sing = care, strain in natural resources, 2. Jap = address pop increase 3. Qin: iron weapons trade. colonized. industrialize, fewer people working in through birth control & abortion. 4. Han = paper, sundials, ox-plow. 3. Vietnam = Champa 3. Ming = brief exploration, but agriculture, national infrastructure. 3. Asia industrializes & 5. Han Collapse: internal Rice. pull back = isolated. 3. China = opium trade. mechanizes. 4. Japan = isolated, 4 main 4. Qing/Manchu Dynasty 4. Nagasaki & Hiroshima = islands. 5. Tokugawa Japan = united bombed. 5. Mongol tech: siege Japan, pop growth, rain grain 5. Firebombings of Japanese weapons = catapults, production increase, urbanized, cities. exploding balls. quality weapons. 6. Comfort women in Korea & 6. Ming = extensive 6. Pop growth in China SEA. agriculture. 7. Mao = kill many people. 7. Tang/Song: junks, 8. Great Leap Forward = gunpowder, flying $, collectivization. magnetic compass, sternpost rudders. Western Europe 1. Mediterranean 1. Growth of cities = pop 1. Syphilis 1. Industrialization. 1. Spanish Flu = Global epidemic. 2. Greece = city-states, have slaves, increases. 2. Growth of urban pop. 2. Famine = Ireland. 2. Guest workers = labor Persian War, Peloponnesian War. 2. Specialization of labor. 3. China + Japan colonized. 3. Push = poverty. shortages, seek workers from 3. Roman Republic: geography: 3. Dark Ages. 4. Exploration, colonization, 4. Urbanization. outside = low wages & protected from northern invasion by 4. Feudalism – serfs = imperialism. 5. Live expectancy rose – improve discrimination. land (Alps), conflict: Punic Wars – similar to slaves. 5. Port: colonize Goa, Malacca, medicine, Louis Pastuer Germ theory. 3. WWII = total war, civilians as defeat in 3rd one open Medit to Rome. 5. Few tech advances. Sri Lanka. 6. Diet improve. targets. 6. Vikings = raided 6. Spain = Columbus. 7. Cholera + TB. 4. Blitzkrieg. Europe. 7. English fight wars with Spain 8. Tenements = bad living conditions. 5. Poverty, shortage of food, for territory. 9. Major pollution. clothing. 8. France = colonized India. 10. Increase in pop = more food. 6. Holocaust. 9. Dutch = Indonesia, Africa 11. Enclosure movement = common 7. Welfare systems, econ Cape Colony. area gone. prosperity, scientific +tech = 10. Extract natural resources. 12. New sources of energy = steam, advance. 11. Colonize Americas. petroleum. 8. Emphasize consumerism. 12. Spanish + Port = bring in 13. New materials = steel. African Slaves to Americas. 14. Interchangeable parts. 13. Renaissance, Protestant 15. Steam locomotive. Reformation, Scientific Rev, 16. Birth of middle class. enlightenment. Eastern Europe 4. Roman Empire: initially empire 1. Byzantine 1.Trade with nomads of Central 1. Emancipation of serfs = but still have 1. Refugees = displaced during expands, large landowners use 2. Coined $. Asia. to work on land to pay off, so not really WWII. slaves, cities overcrowded = displaced 3. Between medit and 2. Cossacks: recruited free. 2. Pull: Economy + politics = small farms. Black Seas. peasants. 2. Not industrializing. repressive. 5. Reliance on slavery = tech fall 4. Rise of towns, enclosure 3. Russia = isolated from West, 3. Not borrowing from West Euro = 3. WWI = destruction of eastern behind. of open fields. pushed eastward. fairly isolated. Euro empires. 6. Science: Pythagoras, Hippocrates: 4. Not part of Renaissance. 4. Communism. Father of medicine. 5. Catherine the Great = 5. Political instability. 7. Movement of Huns+Germans – enforced serfdom. 6. Russia lost Latvia, Lithuania, Great Age of Migrations. Estonia, Poland. 8. Huns to Mongolia. 9. Germans = along Roman frontier. 10. Germanic peoples = defeat Rome. 11. Rome Collapse = internal + external.
South Asia 1. India: millet & barley. 1. Mughal India = Gunpowder 1. India = learn western value. 1. India & Pakistan = split = 1000’s 2. Indus Civ. Empire = use weapons to 2. Colonized. pep displaced. 3. India tech: pi, zero, Arabic # maintain regional power. 3. India: Brits = build roads & canals, 2. Arab-Israeli War = hundreds of system. 2. Conflict between Hindus & urbanization increased. thousands of Palestinians. 4. Aryan Invaders = base class on Muslims. 4. Paving path toward independence = 3. India Green Movement. race. 3. Decline of power = Indian National Congress. 4. Migration from South Asia to 5. Hinduism = caste system. vulnerable to outside influence. Arab oil-producing nations. 6. Indus Collapse: external. 4. Brit East India Company.
Latin America 1. Maize, beans, squash. 1. Aztecs = tribute empire 1. Measles. 1. Colonized = used as slaves. 1. Massive Urbanization. 2. Mesoamerica + Andean South = sacrifice people. 2. Monoculture. 2. Monoculture = destroy land. 2. Bad living + working conditions. America = slavery. 2. Maya, Aztecs, Incas = 3. Domestication of animals. 3. Boundary = total disregard for 3. Import Substitution. Religion Consider the Following: Polytheism (pantheon) vs. monotheism, enumerated laws, relation to state (theocracy), gender roles, missionaries, major ideologies, schisms, syncretism, economic interests, persecution of minority religions
8000 – 600 CE 600 – 1450 CE 1450-1750 CE 1750 – 1914 CE 1914 - Present East Asia Ancestor worship (China, Neo-Confucianism Influence of Buddhism- Christianity Japan Both open up Japan) Daoism, Confucianism, Samurais detachment from Agnostics- believe in god but Atheism- no god in China Spirits of nature (China) Legalism= philosophies/semi pain. no religion. Shintoism, sects of Confucianism, Daoism, religion Neo Confucianism Global Buddhism, and some belief Legalism. Ancestor worship Religion through trade. State sponsored religion- of Confucianism (a women treated as Leaders- Mandate of Women increased Shintoism combination of all) subservient (food binding) Heaven restrictions, lower class Foot binding less due to silk better road Western Europe Polytheism- many gods Christianity spread- Reformation- split in church Persecute Judaism- (later Christianity Animism- believe in animals Crusades Protestant, Catholic Nazi) Influx of Muslim Monotheism- single god Theocratic Enlightenment Increasing beliefs in deism Freedom of religion Christianity, Judaism Church powerful economic Scientific revolution- less and Atheism – due to entity(no tax) religious, secular Enlightenment and affects of Inquisition-kill heretics Bubonic Plague Protestant (counter- reformation) Strong revival in Roman Catholicism (counter- reformation) Eastern Europe Animism Some influence of Islam – Orthodox Christianity Tsar Continued strong belief in 1917-1991- Atheism Christianity- monotheism due to Mongol influence supported by Church Orthodox Christianity Christian revival Judaism- monotheism Christianity (Tsar) Ortho- right correct dox- Persecute Jews- pogroms More freedom in religions Orthodox Christianity thinking, Third Rome Still strong belief in Orthodox Women- dressed like Christianity Western Existing influence of Islam South Asia Animism Ashoka-Buddhism, classical- Gupta-caste system, Islam continues to grow Second largest Muslim Spirits of nature religion flourished Hinduism British colonization affects nation Caste system- through Subverted caste system- Classical-religion flourished religion, Christianity Hinduism main Hinduism Brahmans angry Islam-major force India split, Pakistan and Codified laws Out law sati, female India aristocrats Latin America Animism Native American religious Missionary dominant force to Christianity dominant Christianity- limited role Polytheism Sun god- sacrifice conversion Less of traditional gods. (however, strong legacy of Losers of the battle African belief systems (due Restricted religion Christianity behind) sacrificed to the Gods. to slave trade) Christianity- dominant Middle East Polytheistic Greater women’s right Conservative movements Ottoman Empire Persecution of Jews (Muhammad’s wife higher) Gunpowder nations - Islam Majority Islam – Sunnis vs. Islam- submission Ottoman Empire- tolerant of Secularized- scientific Shiites Acceptance of people of the non-Muslims. knowledge instead of clergy book Govern variety – Orthodox, complaints (Christianity, Judaism) Nestorian, Coptic, Catholic, Tanzimat reforms- religious Allow converts (Malawi) Protestant , Sunnis, Shiites tolerance, schools for Ulama- fundamentalist Harems women Sharia- Islamic laws, veiling Major Nation-states- need for Spanish-Christianity Schism- great split Orthodox Colonization Globalization Themes/Turning organized religion Mohammed and Catholic Missionaries Flat world Points Something to hold them Spread of trade Reformation-protestant and Secular Technology- internet together. Persian Ulama- conservative Catholic Industrialization Islam- Arabs held by religion back lash Against catholic abuse- More trade Spread of trade (Mongol, silk intellectual movements road) Atlantic trade