A. More Than 426 Genera, 2010+ Species
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Slide 1 Order RODENTIA A. More than 426 genera, 2010+ species
Slide 2. Rodents A. Nearly cosmopolitan in distribution B. Exploit a broad variety of foods and habitats
Slide 3. Why so successful? A. High fecundity B. high population densities C. Rapid population turnover D. Usual small size E. Highly efficient jaws and dentition F. Repeated adaptive radiations
Slide 4. Order RODENTIA A. Characters a. single pair of curved, evergrowing incisors with enamel restricted to the anterior face b. long diastema
Slide 5. Dental division of labor A. Incisors
B. Cheek teeth
Slide 6. Skull Types
Slide 7. Jaw Musculature
Slide 8. Protrogomorphous
Slide 9. Sciuromorphous
Slide 10. Hystricomorphous
Slide 11. Myomorphous
Slide 12. Jaw Angle A. Sciurognathous
B. Hystricognathous
Slide 13. Dentitions Slide 14. Family APLODONTIDAE A. Endemic to western North America
B. Only protrogomorphous extant rodent.
Slide 15. Aplodontia rufa
Slide 16. Family SCIURIDAE A. Cosmopolitan except Australian, Madagascar B. 50 genera; 273 species C. Sciuromorphous
Slide 17: Pictures of Sciuridae
Slide 18. ‘Flying’ squirrels A. glissant
Slide 19 Ground squirrels A. semifossorial
Slide 20. Bernoulli Goes Underground A. Prairie dog warrens
B. Bernoulli’s principle a. higher places are windier
b. atmospheric pressure is reduced
Slide 21. Family CASTORIDAE A. Holarctic: 2 species. B. Sciuromorphous, sciurognathus.
Slide 22. Castoridae A. Large size, reach 30+ kg. B. Tail Slapping
Slide 23. Semiaquatic Adaptations A. fine, dense underfur B. hind feet webbed C. nictating membrane D. valvular nostrils and ears. E. epiglottis is above the soft palate
Slide 24. Behavior A. social and family-oriented
B. monogamous
Slide 25. Castor gland
Slide 26. Environmental Modification A. Beaver ponds and lodges
Slide 27. Beaver ponds A. Modify environment B. Form extensive wetlands C. Etc. Slide 28. Keystone Species A. Increase biodiversity
B. Positive effects
C. Negative effects
Slide 29. Conservation
Slide 30. Castoroides
Slide 31. Family GEOMYIDAE A. Nearctic, Neotropical (northern Columbia) B. 5 genera, 35 species C. Sciuromorphous D. external, furred cheekpouches
Slide 32 Family Geomyidae A. fossorial adaptations and diet
Slide 33. Family HETEROMYIDAE A. Nearctic and northern Neotropical (Columbia, Venezuela) B. Sciuromorphous C. external, furred cheekpouches D. granivores
Slide 34. Xeric adaptations 1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Slide 35. Dipodomys
Slide 36. Family MURIDAE 1. Cosmopolitan 2. family constitutes 66% of all rodents 3. >1/4 of all mammal species 4. 281 genera, 1325 species 5. myomorphous
Slide 37. Systematics A. 17 subfamilies, including a. Murinae b. Sigmodontinae c. Arvicolinae Slide 38. Subfamily Murinae A. Old World rats and mice B. 117+ genera, 529+ species C. Palearctic, Oriental, Ethiopian, Oceanic
Slide 39. Negative Impact
Slide 40. Positive Impact
Slide 41. Subfamily Sigmodontinae A. New World rats and mice. B. 73+ genera, 422+ species. C. 85% of species are South American.
Slide 42. Sigmodontinae A. Peromyscines
B. Sigmodontines
Slide 43. Subfamily Arvicolinae A. voles, lemmings, and muskrats B. Holarctic grazers
Slide 44. Population cycles
Slide 45. Why cycling lemmings crash – John Whitfield
Slide 46. Why cycling lemmings crash – John Whitfield
Slide 47. The Far Side: Lemming Migration
Slide 48. Hystricognathi A. hystricognathous B. K-selected C. Highly specialized: small litter size (1 - 2); mostly precocious young (hairy and eyes open at birth D. Distribution
Slide 49 Family HYDROCHOERIDAE
Slide 50. Hydrochoerus A. Largest living rodent (up to 65 kg). B. Ecomorph of pygmy hippopotamus C. Hunted for meat and their hide.
Slide 51. Family Caviidae A. grasslands and savannas of South America B. Patagonian hare: Slide 52. Family MYOCASTRORIDAE
Slide 53. Myocastoridae A. Introduced as furbearer and for aquatic weed control into North America and Europe
B. Federal and local nutria control programs
Slide 54. Family Agoutidae A. pacas
Slide 55. Agoutidae A. expanded zygomatic arches may be resonating chambers to amplify sounds.
Slide 56. Convergent evolution in porcupines A. Hystricidae
B. Erethizontidae
Slide 57. Dinomyidae A. Phoberomys pattersoni, a 680-kilogram rodent that roamed South America eight million years ago.
Slide 58. Pedetidae A. Springhaas or Cape jumping hare
Slide 59. Bathyergidae A. African mole-rats B. Fossorial
Slide 60. Heterocephalus the naked mole rat
Slide 61. Heterocephalus and Cryptomys A. colonial, up to 40 individuals B. Inhabit hot, dry environments: dig extensive burrows to find food C. Eusocial
Slide 62 EUSOCIALITY in Heterocephalus Slide 63. Order LAGOMORPHA A. 13 genera, 80 species B. Family Ochotonidae C. Family Leporidae
Slide 64. Lagomorpha A. distribution is nearly worldwide. B. Introduced to Australia
Slide 65. Attempt to control Australian rabbits A. Myxomatosis
Slide 66. Distinguishing between leporids and rodents
Slide 67. Skull and dentition A. Two upper incisors B. fenestration
Slide 68. Family Ochotonidae - pikas A. 2 genera, 26 species B. Not cursorial
Slide 69. Pika behavior.
Slide 70. Family Leporidae A. Hares and rabbits B. 11 genera, 54 species C. Diverse habitats
Slide 71. Ecology & behaviour A. cursoriality
Slide 72. Reproduction A. polyestrous
B. Altricial
C. Precocial
Slide 73. Diet A. coprophagy
Sllide 74. Family Leporidae A. Seem to occupy a niche as miniature ungulates, B. Competition with ungulates may have hindered diversification