A Total of 30 Carefully Stratigraphically Controlled Samples Were Collected and Analysed

Appendix B

A total of 30 carefully stratigraphically controlled samples were collected and analysed for major and trace elements using X-Ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy (XRF) at The University of

Auckland, New Zealand, and Laser Ablation - Inductively Coupled Plasma – Mass

Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) at the Australian National University, Canberra, Australia (Table

B1). XRF analyses were carried out on a Siemens SRS3000 sequential X-Ray spectrometer

with Brucker SPECTRA-plus software (V1.51), and H2O and LOI (Loss On Ignition) were calculated from the weighed samples. LA-ICP-MS analyses used an Agilent 7500cs ICP-MS with an Excimer laser system with the glass discs prepared for XRF analyses. ICP-MS data were obtained using BCR-2G as calibration standard (BCR-2G values are reported by the databases of the Max Plank Institute through GEOREM (http://georem.mpch- mainz.gwdg.de/)). Details on each method can be found in McGee (2012). Iron is reported

as total Fe2O3.

References

McGee L E (2012) Melting processes in small basaltic systems: The Auckland Volcanic Field,

New Zealand. The University of Auckand, New Zealand PhD dissertation: 195 p Table B1. Major and trace elements from the Al-Du’aythah cones, northern Harrat Rahat. Iron is reported as total Fe2O3. FeOT and Mg# reported were calculated as follow: FeOT =(0.8998*Fe2O3); Mg# =((wt.% MgO/40.30) calc calc total(normalized) / ((wt.% MgO/40.30) + (wt.% FeO / 71.84)))*100; FeO : (Fe2O3 / 1.31134) taking into account that calc total calc calc calc Fe2O3 : Fe2O3 – (FeO * 1.11134) and Fe2O3 / FeO = 0.2 HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- Field code 240-2B 241-2B 241-3B 241-4B 241-5B 241-6B 241-7B 260-1A 260-1B 261-2B Cone 4 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 Latitude 24.41464 24.41344 24.41344 24.41344 24.41344 24.41344 24.41344 24.41636 24.41636 24.41506 (°N) Longitude 39.49447 39.49586 39.49586 39.49586 39.49586 39.49586 39.49586 39.49539 39.49539 39.49472 (°E) wt.%

SiO2 45.36 45.53 46.00 45.41 45.52 45.66 45.62 45.17 44.77 45.52

TiO2 3.15 3.14 3.12 3.13 3.16 3.16 3.15 3.09 3.08 3.17

Al2O3 16.21 16.37 16.25 16.34 16.30 16.37 16.41 16.13 16.13 16.35

Fe2O3 13.87 14.03 13.80 13.96 14.11 14.14 14.14 13.93 13.90 14.10 MnO 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 MgO 6.75 6.91 6.71 6.91 6.95 6.96 6.88 6.94 6.99 6.88 CaO 9.29 9.26 9.22 9.25 9.33 9.33 9.32 9.77 10.01 9.45

Na2O 3.39 3.36 3.43 3.37 3.42 3.42 3.41 3.35 3.36 3.22

K2O 0.72 0.74 0.82 0.76 0.75 0.76 0.77 0.72 0.70 0.75

P2O5 0.34 0.32 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.35

H2O 0.29 0.08 0.07 0.11 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.06 0.07 LOI 0.24 -0.14 -0.14 0.03 -0.30 -0.54 -0.46 0.10 0.24 -0.23 Total 99.80 99.80 99.82 99.80 99.80 99.79 99.81 99.80 99.80 99.80

FeOT 12.48 12.62 12.42 12.57 12.70 12.72 12.72 12.54 12.51 12.68 Mg# 53 54 53 54 54 53 53 54 54 53 ppm Sc 26 26 26 26 27 27 27 26 26 27 V 320 324 302 318 314 313 319 316 306 316 Cr 77 78 79 78 79 79 78 80 77 77 Co 54 54 53 53 57 59 54 53 56 60 Ni 94 88 91 86 101 95 88 91 89 81 Cu 46 46 44 47 46 46 47 50 51 50 Zn 69 70 71 72 72 72 73 71 73 77 Ga 18 18 18 19 18 18 19 18 19 20 Rb 7.3 9.2 9.1 6.7 7.5 8.3 5.6 5.8 7.0 7.8 Sr 603 596 580 582 594 597 602 608 615 606 Y 26 27 29 28 28 28 29 31 27 27 Zr 187 184 187 185 184 183 183 180 177 184 Nb 15 15 16 15 15 14 14 14 14 15 Cs 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.2 Ba 103 115 95 103 119 105 113 121 115 102 La 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 Ce 35 35 35 34 35 35 35 35 35 36 Pr 4.8 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.8 Nd 21 21 21 21 22 21 22 21 21 22 Sm 5.3 5.0 4.9 4.8 4.9 5.1 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.3 Eu 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 Gd 5.1 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.7 5.1 4.7 Tb 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.8 Dy 4.6 4.6 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.6 Ho 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 Er 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.4 Tm 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 Yb 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.9 1.9 Lu 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Hf 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.2 Ta 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 Pb 2.0 1.4 1.8 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 2.1 Th 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 U 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Table B1 (continued). HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- Field code 261-3B 262-1 262-3 263-1 264-1 265-1 266-1 267-1 268-1 269-1 Cone 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 3 Latitude (°N) 24.41506 24.41557 24.41557 24.41542 24.41742 24.41724 24.41706 24.41489 24.41447 24.41433 Longitude (°E) 39.49472 39.49494 39.49494 39.49553 39.49500 39.49466 39.49464 39.49711 39.49706 39.49683 wt.%

SiO2 45.57 45.37 45.51 45.02 45.70 45.56 45.46 45.36 45.39 44.77

TiO2 3.14 3.14 3.17 3.11 3.15 3.17 3.15 3.14 3.15 3.09

Al2O3 16.30 16.31 16.34 16.11 16.35 16.23 16.32 16.24 16.25 16.03

Fe2O3 14.03 14.04 14.16 13.89 14.10 14.13 14.01 14.03 14.05 13.74 MnO 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 MgO 6.81 6.82 6.88 6.84 6.90 6.95 6.86 6.89 6.86 6.78 CaO 9.24 9.28 9.37 9.91 9.29 9.39 9.37 9.73 9.53 9.84

Na2O 3.53 3.58 3.62 3.49 3.61 3.63 3.58 3.42 3.51 3.42

K2O 0.73 0.74 0.74 0.72 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.74 0.75 0.75

P2O5 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.33

H2O 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.04 0.08 LOI -0.16 -0.04 -0.57 0.12 -0.62 -0.64 -0.33 -0.38 -0.26 0.79 Total 99.80 99.79 99.80 99.80 99.80 99.81 99.79 99.79 99.79 99.79

FeOT 12.62 12.63 12.74 12.50 12.69 12.71 12.61 12.62 12.64 12.36 Mg# 53 53 53 54 53 53 53 53 53 54 ppm Sc 27 26 27 26 26 26 26 27 28 26 V 306 309 317 316 322 314 323 314 322 312 Cr 80 76 75 76 75 75 75 80 80 76 Co 56 53 57 53 54 56 55 55 53 61 Ni 93 81 84 88 81 85 94 101 86 93 Cu 51 46 47 46 50 45 46 49 48 52 Zn 77 73 72 72 73 75 73 73 72 71 Ga 19 18 19 18 19 18 19 18 19 18 Rb 6.0 5.6 5.0 6.6 7.9 8.7 5.9 5.2 6.6 7.7 Sr 590 592 593 614 586 601 606 609 591 606 Y 27 29 23 28 25 29 28 27 24 29 Zr 188 183 183 179 185 184 183 180 183 180 Nb 15 14 15 14 15 15 14 14 14 14 Cs 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.1 Ba 119 121 94 107 98 104 108 104 119 124 La 16 15 15 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 Ce 36 34 34 33 34 36 34 35 35 34 Pr 4.9 4.5 4.6 4.4 4.6 4.7 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.4 Nd 22 20 21 21 21 22 22 21 22 21 Sm 5.6 4.9 4.7 5.0 4.8 5.2 5.2 5.0 5.0 4.7 Eu 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.8 Gd 4.8 4.8 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.8 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 Tb 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 Dy 4.5 4.4 4.7 4.5 4.6 5.0 4.8 4.6 4.5 4.3 Ho 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 Er 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.3 Tm 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Yb 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1 2.2 2.1 Lu 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Hf 4.1 3.8 4.1 3.8 3.9 4.1 3.8 4.0 4.0 3.9 Ta 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Pb 1.9 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 Th 1.1 1.0 1.0 0.9 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.9 U 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Table B1 (continued). HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- HM- Field code 270-1 274-1 275-1 276-1 277-1 278-1 279-1 301-1B 301-2B 301-3B Cone 3 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 Latitude (°N) 24.41383 24.41208 24.41200 24.41169 24.40975 24.40931 24.41003 24.40914 24.40914 24.40914 Longitude (°E) 39.49664 39.49700 39.49714 39.49778 39.49842 39.49903 39.49853 39.49814 39.49814 39.49814 wt.%

SiO2 45.57 45.68 45.27 45.39 45.65 45.30 44.94 45.56 45.45 45.56

TiO2 3.16 3.06 3.08 3.14 3.18 3.15 3.10 3.19 3.17 3.16

Al2O3 16.37 16.21 16.05 16.18 16.34 16.31 16.14 16.40 16.31 16.46

Fe2O3 14.15 13.65 13.66 13.89 14.07 13.95 13.75 14.15 14.05 14.08 MnO 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 MgO 6.89 6.78 6.69 6.79 6.85 6.77 6.74 6.87 6.81 6.86 CaO 9.28 9.91 9.82 9.76 9.37 9.51 10.18 9.30 9.30 9.34

Na2O 3.52 3.37 3.46 3.40 3.56 3.63 3.48 3.42 3.43 3.51

K2O 0.74 0.78 0.76 0.75 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.75 0.76 0.75

P2O5 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.34 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.34

H2O 0.02 0.22 0.22 0.09 0.13 0.06 0.56 0.06 0.11 0.17 LOI -0.44 -0.38 0.26 -0.12 -0.66 -0.15 -0.39 -0.45 -0.11 -0.63 Total 99.81 99.80 99.80 99.80 99.81 99.81 99.80 99.81 99.80 99.79

FeOT 12.74 12.28 12.29 12.49 12.66 12.55 12.37 12.73 12.64 12.67 Mg# 53 54 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 53 ppm Sc 27 25 26 27 26 27 26 27 27 27 V 318 306 310 311 319 322 310 320 315 320 Cr 78 79 78 78 79 79 81 75 77 77 Co 58 52 52 55 60 54 52 57 65 57 Ni 88 82 92 92 99 90 81 93 89 102 Cu 43 47 44 47 46 45 48 44 47 49 Zn 72 70 70 72 71 73 72 73 73 73 Ga 18 17 18 18 18 19 18 18 18 19 Rb 5.5 6.6 7.9 7.9 7.3 6.1 5.2 7.3 6.4 7.4 Sr 600 599 601 601 604 594 618 600 607 596 Y 28 30 26 28 27 27 27 23 27 24 Zr 183 183 186 183 182 185 184 182 182 182 Nb 14 14 15 14 14 15 15 14 15 14 Cs 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 Ba 117 126 105 138 98 114 130 104 96 116 La 15 15 15 15 15 15 14 14 15 15 Ce 35 35 35 35 35 35 34 34 35 35 Pr 4.5 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.7 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 Nd 22 21 21 21 20 22 21 21 21 22 Sm 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.1 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.9 4.9 4.9 Eu 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.8 Gd 4.7 4.9 4.7 4.9 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.6 4.8 4.9 Tb 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 0.7 Dy 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.6 Ho 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.8 0.9 Er 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.3 2.3 Tm 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Yb 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 1.8 Lu 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Hf 4.1 3.9 3.9 4.0 3.8 4.0 3.8 3.8 4.1 4.0 Ta 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 Pb 1.4 1.7 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.5 1.4 Th 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 U 0.3 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3