Aphuge: PRACTICE TEST TWO

APHuGe: PRACTICE TEST TWO

1. The Demographic Transition Theory states that, 5. Swidden agriculture can have negative as a nation develops economically environmental impacts if a) birth rates decrease, then death rates a) the period of fallow is too short for proper decrease, and population increases nutrient regeneration b) death rates decrease, then birth rates b) the human population becomes too low in a decrease, and population levels off region c) birth rates and death rates both increase c) the practice is combined with livestock raising simultaneously d) all of the above d) birth rates decrease while all else remains e) none of the above, swidden agriculture is constant environmentally benign e) birth and death rates remain constant over time 6. Which of the following U.S. regions has seen the most population growth since 1945? 2. The center and place of origin of a cultural a) the Black Belt tradition is called a b) the Sun Belt a) culture center c) the Rust Belt b) cultural complex d) the Citrus Belt c) cultural trait e) the Cotton Belt d) culture hearth e) cultural genesis 7. Increased air pollution, segregation, habitat destruction, inner-city decay, and loss of 3. Demographic information from the U.S. Census productive farmlands are all caused by affects the political process by a) climate change a) determining the amount of electoral votes b) urban sprawl given to each state c) postmodernism b) determining the amount of congressional d) ozone depletion delegates given to each state e) gentrification c) determining the amount of federal aid given to various political jurisdictions 8. The Italian language varies significantly d) all of the above between Milan, Rome, Naples, and Palermo. e) none of the above These varieties are examples of a) pidgins 4. Multinational corporations take advantage of b) lingua franca geographic differences in c) language groups a) wage rates d) dialects b) labor laws e) idioms c) the distribution of natural resources d) relaxed environmental standards 9. In a spatial context, multinational corporations e) all of the above tend to a) have localized headquarters and dispersed production centers b) be situated in many countries c) move production centers quite quickly d) situate themselves to minimize costs and maximize influence e) all of the above 13. Religious practices, language, and dietary preferences, when combined form a a) cultural complex b) cultural hearth c) dialect d) idiom e) cultural trait

14. These makeshift neighborhoods, constructed of scrap materials, are found in all of the world’s large peripheral cities. a) squatter settlements b) edge cities c) swidden lands d) regional centers e) gentrified districts

15. Globalization involves a) an ever-widening spatial scale of economic and social activities b) increased systems of linkages between places 10. Which of these figures demonstrates the and people largest dependency ratio? c) a parallel, localization effect a) Figure a d) (A) and (B) b) Figure b e) (A), (B), and (C) c) Figure c d) Figure d e) Not enough information to answer the question

11. Isolines are common on which of the following? a) globes b) atlases c) cartograms d) topographical maps e) dot maps

12. The term “transhumance” refers to a) nomadic pastoralism that is seasonal b) slash-and-burn agriculture c) the mobility of an advanced economic society d) the movement of liquid in plants e) the movement of soil on a hillside 16. Which of the graphs depicts Malthus’ 22. Gentrification can be described as predication regarding food production? a) a revitalizing force against urban decay a) graph 1 b) a segregating force between rich and poor b) graph 2 c) a cohesive force uniting urban activities c) graph 3 d) (A), (B), and (C) d) graph 4 e) (A) and (B) e) none of the graphs represents Malthus’ view of food production. 23. The nomothetic view of geography suggests that 17. The language family spoken by the most a) universal laws guide all spatial patterns in the people on earth today is world a) Germanic b) similarities between places can be explained b) English using universal laws c) Indo-European c) individual places can be sufficiently explained d) Sino-Tibetan with models e) Latin d) individual places are unique e) all spatial scales can be modeled equally well 18. Nomadic herding is associated with a) pastoralism 24. Which of the following could qualify as a b) swidden barrier to spatial diffusion? c) agribusiness a) an ocean d) deindustrialization b) a freeway e) dairying c) a river d) an affluent neighborhood 19. Which of the following is an example of a e) all of the above nation without a state? a) Israel 25. The weakly defined political boundary regions b) Palestine of Antarctica and the Amazon Basin are examples c) Texas of d) Jamaica a) maquiladoras e) Yugoslavia b) regional backwaters c) cultural cohorts 20. In the pre-industrial phase of urban settlement d) frontiers in the United States, the economy was dominated e) functional regions by: a) tertiary activities 26. The Green Revolution included which of the b) quaternary activities following? c) primary activities a) irrigation projects d) secondary activities b) increased use of biocides e) (A) and (D) c) the development of “miracle seeds” d) hybridization methods 21. Based on this map of Los Angeles which urban e) all of the above model does it most closely correspond to? a) Multiple-nuclei model b) Sector model c) Concentric zone model d) Mixed land use model e) Urban realms model 27. If both you and your parents grew up in the 31. The three world cities that exercise the United States, and your dad fought in WWII, which greatest degree of global economic dominance of the following cohorts do you probably belong are to? a) London, Paris, and Moscow a) Generation X b) Tokyo, Mexico City, and Sao Paulo b) Generation Y c) New York, London, and Tokyo c) the Beatnik generation d) Los Angeles, New York, and Madrid d) Baby boom e) New York, Chicago, and Los Angeles e) Baby bust 32. Overgrazing, deforestation, and agricultural mismanagement are all significant causes of a) crop failure b) nationalism c) urban growth d) topsoil loss e) salinization

33. Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning human spatial behavior? a) Daily patterns of movement are fairly predictable. b) People frequently travel far for basic necessities. c) People’s movement is limited by the available 28. Which of the following represents the forced transportation. migration event pictured on the map? d) People tend to avoid perceived hazards. a) Caribbean-American walk of shame e) People tend to move around more in their b) Trail of Tears local environment. c) The Great Oakie dustbowl migration d) French natives forced out of Louisiana in 1829 34. The degree of connectedness between places e) African-Americans forced to move north to is referred to as work industrial jobs in the late 1800s a) isoline scale b) topological space 29. Mexico’s maquiladoras are located within c) diffusion potential a) offshore financial centers d) deep space b) developmental conglomerates e) topographic space c) export-processing zones d) ecotourism destinations e) the United States, just along the United States- Mexico border

30. The United Nations is a(n) a) confederacy b) international organization c) supranational organization d) disorganization e) transnational organization 35. Which of the following is a problematic 39. Which of the following initiatives help a city characteristic of most definitions of sustainable fight urban sprawl? development? a) efficient transportation policies a) They are anthropocentric and only focus on b) urban growth boundaries future human needs. c) economic incentives for locating in downtown b) They focus solely on the earth’s future well areas being without considering growing human d) all of the above populations. e) only (A) and (B) c) They focus only on certain resources, failing to neglect preservation of all the earth’s stocks. 40. Which of the following does NOT represent an d) They encourage only subsistence economies, extensive commercial agricultural activity? neglecting development initiatives for a) ranching commercial economies. b) plantation farming e) They ignore developing country’s population c) dairying problems. d) nomadic herding e) feeder grain production 36. Mecca represents the geographical focal point of which religion? 41. In 1926, the famous geographer Ellsworth a) Judaism Huntington came back from traveling with his b) Hinduism friend, Raphael Pumpelly, in southwestern Asia. c) Buddhism Based on his investigations, Huntington promoted d) Taoism in his textbooks the idea that cultural changes e) Islam were strongly influenced by climatic change. Huntington’s ideas represent the philosophy of 37. Which of the following is NOT an example of a a) possibilism frontier? b) positivism a) Antarctica c) environmental determinism b) Pacific Ocean d) cultural determinism c) historical American West e) postmodernism d) Amazon Basin e) Lake Michigan 42. Transnational corporations generally locate facilities outside of national boundaries to take 38. A Pakistani man moves his entire family to a advantage of predominantly Pakistani neighborhood in London a) cheaper labor where he and his community maintain many of b) proximity to local markets their cultural traditions. This describes c) relaxed environmental standards a) diorama d) both (A) and (C) b) diaspora e) (A), (B), and (C) c) multicultural enclave d) Pakistani ghetto 43. After the 2000 Census, lines were redrawn e) gentrified community around districts to ensure maximum political fairness. When districts are drawn specifically to favor a particular political party or voting block, it is called a) salamandering b) reapportionment c) gentrification d) gerrymandering e) pork bellying 47. Which of the following statements is NOT an 44. The von Thünen model describes agricultural accurate description of globalization? activity as it takes place in relation to the market. a) Antiglobalization proponents argue that it Which of the following statements generally rep- tears the fabric weaving local communities resents the agricultural landscape according to the together. model? b) Globalization has encouraged a counter- a) Agricultural activity is solely determined by the process of localization. longevity of the agricultural product; thus c) he Internet is a driving force behind current things that don’t last long grow near the patterns of globalization. b) market. d) Many argue that it’s nothing new but rather a c) Goods that are expensive to transport and process that’s been occurring over the last spoil quickly must be located closer to the several centuries. market. e) It encourages economic development across d) Smaller agricultural goods like beans, herbs, the entire globe. and berries will be grown closer to the market than bigger goods like pumpkins. 48. Which of the following does NOT represent an e) Animals will be located closer to the market, international organization? like grazing cattle and hens, because they are a) NAFTA difficult to move. b) EU f) Dairy products like milk, eggs, and cheese will c) OPEC be far from the market as they do not cost d) NATO much to transport. e) CIA

45. Kevin Lynch’s book has had a dramatic impact on urban planners as it provided a framework for understanding the legibility of urban environments. a) maps of activity spaces for individuals from different cities across the country. b) descriptions of the best methods for encouraging use of mass forms of transportation. 49. This form of agriculture takes place in each of c) survey results from people from all sorts of the highlighted regions on the map different cities on architectural preferences. a) intensive subsistence agriculture d) study results from a test researching woman’s b) Mediterranean agriculture fear of urban environments. c) organic grape farming d) intensive aquaculture 46. According to the gravity model, distance may e) livestock raising in feedlots not greatly affect level of interaction if: a) populations are extremely large 50. Two mountain towns with unique languages b) populations are extremely small develop a new simple language, understood by c) distance is extremely large both groups, for trade purposes. What is this d) (B) and (C) called? e) none of the above a) trade dialect b) lingua franca c) linguistic diaspora d) threat to language extinction e) both (A) and (C) 55. Which of the following is NOT descriptive of 51. Many European cities characterized by narrow spatial patterns of literacy? winding streets and an ornate church inherited a) It was a powerful tool contributing to colonial their organization from which type of cities dominance. a) colonial b) It is often used as a means to limit educational b) Baroque opportunities for women by tyrannical c) “City Beautiful” governments. d) Medieval c) The historical development of alphabets e) primate largely explains dominant languages across the globe today. 52. Developing countries generally demonstrate d) Literacy rates vary little between developed dominance in which economic sector? and developing nations. a) quaternary sector e) In general, literacy rates are increasing across b) basic sector the globe. c) tertiary sector d) primary sector 56. The ratio between distance on a map and e) nonbasic sector distance on the earth’s surface is called the a) projection b) resolution c) scale d) isoline e) proruption

57. Which of the following represent a 53. Which of the following best describes the synonymous relationship? shape of the state of Thailand? a) nation : state a) prorupted b) state : country b) rectangular c) territory nation c) elongated d) country : nation d) compact e) frontier : territory e) perforated

54. Hearth regions of early agriculture included present-day a) China, India, Peru, and Mexico b) China, India, Sudan, and Malaysia c) India, Ethiopia, Greece, and Morocco d) Anatolia, Peru, Borneo, and Hanalee e) California, Illinois, New Brunswick, and Ireland 58. The dark regions on this map would describe high rates for all of the following indicators of development EXCEPT? a) infant mortality rates b) growth rates c) infectious diseases d) literacy rates e) total fertility rates 59. Which of the following processes often results 63. Which of the following statements is NOT an from irrigation use in arid environments? accurate description of agribusiness? a) topsoil loss a) It has removed the family farm from its b) salinization traditional role in agriculture. c) desertification b) It has transformed agricultural production d) gentrification dramatically in terms of where and how e) alluviation agricultural goods are produced, marketed, and sold. 60. When several large urban areas essentially c) It affects only the United States as one of the merge together to form an even larger urban world’s major agricultural producers. complex, it’s called a(n) d) It allows for crossings of national boundaries in a) urban agglomeration the production process. b) megacity e) It has introduced more steps into what was c) city conglomerate once a more simple economic activity. d) megalopolis e) megatropolis 64. Elements of ______change rapidly over time, but not space, whereas elements of ______change very little over time, but dramatically over space. a) folk culture . . . pop culture b) rapid diffusion . . . local diffusion c) the fast world . . . the slow world d) pop culture. . . folk culture e) youth culture . . . elite culture

65. A cognitive map tells us a) the absolute location of features in the 61. This map depicts the location of various landscape economic activities across the United States. b) everything that someone knows about the Based on your observations, which pattern place they live emerges? c) the precise location of the most important a) deglomerate economy landmarks b) spatial association d) which projection to use c) agglomeration e) what someone believes and thinks is d) localization important about a place e) basic sector dominance 66. Rice paddies in Asia most likely represent this 62. Total fertility rate is NOT closely correlated form of agriculture. with which of the following? a) intensive-subsistance agriculture a) industrial output b) extensive-commercial agriculture b) gender empowerment c) planned agriculture on a community farm c) education d) capital-intensive agriculture d) economic development e) extensive-subsistence agriculture e) literacy rates 67. You are a furniture maker and use pinewood 71. A model is useful in that it to make tables and chairs. It costs about the same conveys the whole truth about a phenomenon to ship the pinewood to your factory as it does to eliminates the complexity associated with the bring your furniture to the market as both have world close to the same weight. Where do you put your provides a comprehensible and limited view of a factory in relation to the pine forest and the phenomenon market to minimize transportation costs? relies completely on empirical data for a) closer to the market confirmation or refutation b) closer to the forest eliminates the need to use math or quantify c) anywhere you want in between them phenomena d) closest to the nearest waste facility to minimize transportation costs of waste 72. An example of a city that conforms to the e) farthest away from the other furniture maker concentric zone model of urban growth is to ensure maximum market a) Los Angeles b) Chicago 68. According to the rank-size rule, a city that has c) Calgary a rank of three d) Boston a) would be the second city closest to that e) Toronto country’s primate city b) won third place in a country’s survey of its 73. These types of religions actively seek new inhabitants favorite cities members or believers c) would contain approximately one-third of the a) monotheistic religions urban amenities generally provided within that b) ethnic religions country c) global religions d) would contain one-third of the country’s total d) universalizing religions urban population e) polytheistic religions e) would contain one-third the population of the country’s largest city 74. Which of the following would NOT be characterized as a pull factor in a migration 69. According to the United Nations Population decision? Division, world population will reach 7 billion by a) educational opportunity a) 2013 b) employment b) 2045 c) agreeable climate c) 2076 d) affordable housing d) it has already reached 7 billion e) economic recession e) 2150 75. Economic activities that increase and thereby 70. An example of a basic economic occupation is benefit from agglomerations in particular regions a) a supermarket clerk are called b) an automobile assembler a) ancillary activities c) a firefighter b) tertiary activities d) a city official c) basic sector industries e) a restaurateur d) quinary activities e) specialty services