THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 35 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and Example August 2002

NEED A GOOD QUOTE ______September Muster: Join us Tuesday, Sept. 3rd, 7:30 PM at Pierce House for the first Muster of the 2002-2003 season. The Captain promises to bring goodies!

Lincoln 250 th Town Birthday Brainstorming Lincoln will celebrate its 250th birthday coming up on April 19th 2004. The Town is in the process of devising ways to celebrate, and all town organizations have been urged to consider their own contribution. In the words of our Historian, Mike Ryan, “Obviously a Lincoln minute company did not exist in 1754. However, the LMM today I would guess represent the 1775 minute company AND the town's militia of which they were a part. Thus today's MM would be representatives of the 1754 Lincoln militia and have a place in any birthday recognition.” To this end, the Captain invites any interested members of Lincoln Company to join him at his home in Weston, Thursday, Sept 5, 7:30PM to contemplate the possibilities over some suds. RSVP the Captain at 781-899-0933.

Fort Ticonderoga Details Want to see historic Fort Ticonderoga and view a commemorative skirmish? Mary Harder has made arrangements for participating Lincoln Minute Men participate at the Fort Ticonderoga event, Friday through Sunday, Sept. 6-8th. For more information, contact the Captain or Mary Harder at 781-891- 5949.

Sudbury Colonial Fair is Saturday, September 28 1:15 PM Opening Parade at the Wayside Inn, Sudbury 1:30-4 PM Fife and drum music by the Lincoln Minute Men and other invited companies. Sutlers, craft booths, and food aplenty during this afternoon of colonial music. Coordinators: Don Hafner

Hartwell Halloween becoming a Local Tradition Company Historian Mike Ryan writes: “If any Lincolnites are interested in telling 18th Century or other time period ghost stories (especially related to Lincoln) at Mark Nichepor's annual "Hartwell Halloween", please let me know.” Mike always tells a few stories (the missing British soldier's skulls, the Gloucester witch Meg Wesson and the battle of Louisburg in 1745). A Civil War soldier tells stories and The Legend of Sleepy Hollow is often read. It is a fun time; lots of families and children, candlelight, and an outdoor bonfire. Attendance is usually well over 100 people. Program begins at 7pm and runs about 2 hours. . Mike can be reached at [email protected]

A Jocobite Air at the Concord Fight? “The White Cockade” – A popular Scottish tune based on the song “My Love Was Born in Aberdeen” with one of many sets of words penned by Robert Burns. During the 1745 Jacobite uprising, would be king “Bonnie Prince Charlie” Stuart plucked a white rose and placed it on his bonnet as a symbol of rebellion. And so it was written “He takes the Field wi’ his White Cockade.” Some 30 years later, the musical piece would find its way to another rebellion in the colony of Massachusetts on 19 April 1775. At least that is what tradition indicates. But was the tune played and if so, at what point during the day, where and by whom? Primary source materials (including witness depositions and writings both British military and colonial) are lacking in reference to music played at the Concord Fight. Neither Rev. Ripley’s 1827 “Fight at Concord” nor Lemuel Shattuck’s 1835 “History of Concord” mention “The White Cockade”. It is only found in Charles Handley’s 1 December 1835 deposition where he (being age 13 on April 19th and at the Widow Brown’s tavern a mile from North Bridge) states, “They (Capt. Davis’s Acton company) marched quite fast to the music of a fife and drum. I remember the tune, but am not sure of its name… I think it was called The White Cockade”. Handley whistled the notes which were verified by the listener to be the song in question. Hence, it appears that this recollection coupled with family tradition and some speculative folklore, led to the 1875 Centennial fame of “The White Cockade”. Reference to the song appears in Frederick Hudson’s May 1875 Harper’s New Monthly Magazine article “Concord Fight”; in the 1879 Drake’s History of Middlesex County article on Acton by Rev. Wood; in an 1893 “Boston Globe” remembrance story by Luke Smith who recalled his Acton father Solomon (a participant) noting “The White Cockade”; and by numerous 20th Century authors ( including Coburn, Murdock, Gross, Galvin, Fischer) all of whom use the previously listed sources. In his 1899 “Memorial to Luther Blanchard Fifer of the Acton Minute Men April 19, 1775”, Alfred S. Hudson wrote of “The White Cockade” being played on the Acton march to Concord, the movement to the Bridge, during the British Regulars’ retreat and at day’s end. However, no specific sources are mentioned but several qualifiers (doubtlessly, suppose, suggest, may have) appear. “Memorial” is most colorful and descriptive in displaying the situations under which the Scottish tune was played and thus presents a memorable if possibly fictitious account. Hudson provides no sources but states that the Cockade was used as a “signature tune” of the Acton Minute Men as “they strode along” toward Concord and “advanced down the hill” against the Regulars on the Bridge. The first question to arise is when exactly was “The White Cockade” played on 19 April? Handley’s deposition clearly indicates hearing it as Acton passes Brown’s tavern and seems to be the only eyewitness account addressing a specific song at a specific time. At the Bridge site, there are those who believe that due to fear and the solemnity of the moment, no music was struck while others feel that under the circumstance, a stirring, martial tune would have been performed to lift spirits and provide a disciplined appearance to the colonial column. If the latter was correct, perhaps “The White Cockade” (known by musicians, soldiers and populace alike to be a rebellious Jacobite song taunting to Crown troops) would have been appropriate. A second question arising asks who (if anyone) played “Cockade” as the colonials advanced on the Bridge? Acton had a fifer Luther Blanchard and drummer Francis Barker (they most likely knew the song and played it on the march to Concord) counted among some 11 musicians possibly in the colonial ranks. Accounts differ as to which of them struck up music but most credit either Blanchard alone; Blanchard and Barker; two Acton fifers; or Blanchard and a Concord fifer John Buttrick, Jr.. But alas, no primary source substantiates an answer including British military eyewitness accounts. Several interesting asides present themselves in this matter of “The White Cockade” on 19 April. One writer – Fairfax Downey – has the tune being played by the Lexington fifer as his company marches from its morning tragedy toward Concord and by both colonial and British Regular musicians when their columns met and march into Concord center about 7am. No sources are listed. In the 1745 Battle of Fontenoy, France, pipers led the joint French/Irish army against the English/Scottish force while playing “The White Cockade”. Months later the Jacobite rebellion’s end came at Culloden participated in by the 4th Regiment “The King’s Own” which on 19 April 1775 held the Concord Bridge, fired the historic volley, took the heaviest casualties (3 dead) and most likely heard “The White Cockade” (again) if it was played. Still, wonder exists as to why this Scottish song would be a “signature tune of the Acton Minute Men”, a “familiar air to the dwellers of the vicinity” or a “favorite” of Captain Davis, particularly as there appears to be no local connections to the 1745 Jacobite uprising. It is true that the song was one of rebellion, popular with military and civilian musicians and audiences on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean, was found in music books of the period and was a lively tune for marching. Yet with some 500 witnesses at the Bridge, why would not one deem it appropriate (especially among the King’s men) to comment on music or “The White Cockade”, unless its notes were not played? As occurs all too often in addressing minor footnotes to major historical events, clarity and abundance of witness accounts are lacking and fact tends to be bolstered by tradition, myth, hearsay, supposition or embellishment. Such may be the case with “The White Cockade” at the Bridge Fight, a situation not unlike to that of whether or not “The World Turned Upside Down” was actually played at the Yorktown surrender. At least Handley’s deposition supports “Cockade” played by Acton men on the way to Concord even if its strands may never be substantiated at the Bridge. It is doubtful however that such lack of evidence will deter the traditional playing of “The White Cockade” during ceremonies, reenactments or Patriots’ Day parades in Concord and at North Bridge. Such it is with history and the story of a Scottish air of rebellion.

D. Michael Ryan is company historian with the Concord and Lincoln Minute Men, an 18th Century volunteer history interpreter with the National Park Service and associate dean of students at Boston College.

“ Remember the Ladies” Barbara Delorey of 18cWoman and Rhonda McConnon of www.18cNewEnglandLife.org have joined forces to create '18c New England Woman.” Their goal is to create a series of programs and a Winter Lecture Series to begin to understand the lives of New England women. The next one is on October 19th at Hartwell. According to Rhonda, there is plenty of room for everyone here ...whether you're interested in hanging back and watching what others are doing or looking for new ideas and/or challenges. “We will ask that everyone in time develop a persona to look at 18th c NE through. The idea is to really try to begin to understand these women by learning about them and sharing that information. Our clothing standards are sent out to those requesting to join us.” Contact Rhonda if you have any questions at [email protected].

To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company The Nominating Committee is assembling a slate of candidates for the annual election of Company officers at the September muster. Many thanks to Rick Wiggin, Dave White, and Don Hafner for putting together the slate. The rosters of the Lincoln Minute Men from the time of the Revolution show that the officers’ positions were passed around among members of the community and seldom held by the same person for more than a year. It is a fine historical tradition, and one you can participate in. The Nominating Committee will be seeking volunteers to fill positions, but you don’t have to wait for them to come to you. The good that the Lincoln Minute Men do in the community, and the fun that we all have, is made possible by those among your comrades who have stepped forward and said, “Yes, I’ll do that for this year.” The tasks are not burdensome, and friends will always pitch in to help. So how about it? Will you speak up and volunteer? Please do. You will enjoy the support and respect of the entire Company.

The Summer Campaigns of 2002 We asked those on the Company email list to tell us how they spent the summer, with a one-word summary description. We got these replies. George General: I have been in Layton, UT and Las Vegas, NV installing networks for the Air Force. In NYC to attend a friend's wedding. While in NYC we went [very emotional visit] to Ground Zero. I've missed most of the fife and drum activity for the year, but I hope to be home soon and back at making lots of noise.

Donald Hafner: Where did we go? To the Canadian Rockies. What did we do? We hiked (some of it through the 4-foot snowfall that happened in mid-June), biked, and canoed. Short description? Canadians are charming -- that Tory influence?

Tim Hayes: Went to Chicago for the 4th and then to Philly on the 17th of Aug for a wedding What did we do? Sweated a lot in Philly...hot, hot, hot... Ruth Hodges, John LeClaire: -where did you go on your vacation? Alaska -what did you do? lived on a boat, hiked & kayaked-what one word (OK, I'll give you 2-3 words) describes the experience? awe-inspiring Jim Hogan: its hard to describe vacation when last year i didn't have one and this year business took me to hawaii twice and australia once but I did take my parents to hawaii for 13 days and we are now enroute to 7 days in the white mountains of new hampshire followed by a cruise from Seattle to Alaska. We are enjoying family while we still can

Robert and Ana Holzbach: Vacation: Five week tour of Europe including mountain climbing in the Swiss Alps, wine drinking in Italy, Globe theatre going in London, and general carousing in the Czech Republic. What 3 words describes the experience?: Final Childless Vacation. It will be great to see you all again! However, Ana will be a bit bigger than you remember.

Steve Humphrey: humbled at the New England PHRF sailing championships in Marblehead. Roadster project underway. Still paying price from church visit to Nicaragua. Retired from Hewlett Packard.

Steve and Phoebe McCarthy: 10 days in Friendship, Maine, then we took young Stephen to Montreal for a week of camp. Will return via Fort Ticonderoga when we pick him up.

Peter McLearn: Summer vacation(s)/trips: 3days2nightsWoodenBoatshow Maine. 4days3nightsCruisingCapeCod Bay. Both Awesome.

Fred and Inge Richardson: Two (separate) weeks on the Cape at Eastham, with another in late September. We swam, sailed, and loafed.

Tom Risser: Marine Corps Air-Ground Combat Center, 29 Palms, California -- in the Mojave. Provided tender care for my beloved Men in Green. Shot off a 155 mm howitzer -- helluva kick -- my shoulder's still sore... In the war game, we did well, and triumphed once again over those pricks who were pretending to invade our revered desert.

Mike Ryan: My "vacation" consists of long (3-4 day) weekends generally most of which are spent in the Park (a record breaking 300 hours plus this year). One "event" was my week at Marine Base Quantico, VA to observe several of my BC student/officer candidates in training. I elected to "participate" (ropes courses, obstacle courses, leadership courses ... began running 2-3 miles per day again and have continued... losing 25 pounds). Showed those Marines and youngsters what a 58 year old Army Infantry Ranger Captain could still do in his jungle fatigues. Combined with my Combat Infantrymen's Badge and the fact that I had Marines sergeants on my 'Nam advisory team and had participated in USMC amphib training at Marine Base Little Creek, VA, I had Colonels saluting me!!! One word ... "Hooah"!

The First Muster of the Season! Remember Tuesday, September 3rd, 7:30 p.m. at Pierce House. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 36 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and Example September 2002

“With wintertime upon us, there is the opportunity for a respite from the heavy labor of the harvest. The season of fun and frolic is about to begin..” – Debra Friedman – Old Sturbridge Visitor Winter 2001 ______

September Muster : Pierce House, September 3 at 7:30 PM. This should be a nice chance to informally introduce ourselves to the people in town, (maybe do a little educating, a little recruiting.) Most of the time town folk just get to see us marching through their front or back yards or at least at parade rest from a distance. There should be a lot of youngsters around. A lot of good food, too (make your own ice cream sundae were popular last time we went).

The next muster in February will be a little more casual also. It will be held at the now generally biannual Colonial Dinner. Everyone associated with the company and their families are welcome. We are hoping to get some of the past and semi-retired members to come too. It should be a fun, informal feast, with some entertainment, also. So start looking for the most authentic recipes you can find. The library has some good colonial cook books. Don Hafner or Mary Harder may be calling you soon to see what you have in mind. So we don’t end up bringing the same food. The dinner will be Sat., Feb. 9 th at 7pm at the Pierce House.

The highlight of the December muster, (which was well attended by 13 members for such a cool dark night) besides updating the schedule for the up-coming year, was a little video brought in by our historian and president of the Battle Road Association- Mike Ryan. (They had a nice article about him in the local paper recently). This was the first public viewing of the video outside of the association. It was well done, and meant to explain the need to protect the Battle Road Park from encroachment of different kinds (airport, traffic, modernization,etc.). The video is planned to be sent to influential groups, businesses, and politicians around the country. We also happen to be one of the star performers in it.

Our annual financial report looked fairly sound. Our largest expense was music lessons, but the music program also produced the most income. Dues pretty much just pay for the mailings and basic office expenses. So please pay you dues if you have not, for the coming year. Our fiscal year starts in September, so we are a good way through it already.

The company would very much like to have some more help coordinating school visits for the coming season. They are an integral part of our duties although they take place during the week, which is hard for some of us. They are very worthwhile for the classes as well as for the participants.

Mike Ryan has plenty of activities and educational opportunities available at the park this winter if any one has some free weekends.

A little information about our Guidon from our historian, Mike Ryan. FLAGS OF MANY TYPES WERE CARRIED THROUGHOUT HISTORY INCLUDING BY THE COLONISTS. POLES WERE OF WOOD GENERALLY. FOR ALL OF ITS FAULTS AND MYTHS, THE BEDFORD FLAG IS A GOOD EXAMPLE OF AN EARLY 18TH CENTURY (NOT 17TH CENTURY) HORSE TROOP COLOUR. COLONIALS CARRIED FLAGS REPRESENTING VARIOUS CAUSES... LIBERTY BEING THE MOST PROMINENT. UNIT "GUIDONS" OF ANY TYPE AT THE TIME OF 1775 ARE MOST UNLIKELY. THERE EXISTS NO DOCUMENTATION (ORIGINAL AND PRIMARY) THAT ANY COLOURS WERE CARRIED ON THE FIELD IN LEXINGTON OR CONCORD BY EITHER SIDE ON 19 APRIL. I WONDERED ABOUT THE MARCH DATE AND DON HAS EXPLAINED IT. IT WAS NOT THE DATE OF THE FOUNDING OF THE MINUTE COMPANY NOR OF THE ELECTION OF ITS OFFICERS. CONCORD MINUTE MEN HAD THE SAME PROBLEM... DISPLAYING A DATE BUT NOT THE DATE OF ITS FIRST MINUTE COMPANY (MILES') FOUNDING. I CORRECTED THIS WITH AN EXPLANATORY ARTICLE SOME YEARS AGO. REENACTED UNIT GUIDONS ARE A PRODUCT OF THE BICENTENNIAL ERA AND USED FOR IDENTIFICATION, CEREMONY AND ESPRIT DE CORPS. ALUMINUM IS CHEAP, LIGHT AND ONE DOES NOT HAVE TO WAIT YEARS FOR IT TO GROW TO THE PROPER SIZE FOR A POLE! WILL DO SOME MORE LOOKING! BEST WISHES FOR A BLESSED HOLIDAY SEASON AND A HEALTHY, HAPPY, MEMORABLE 2002. THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 35 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and Example December 2001

“With wintertime upon us, there is the opportunity for a respite from the heavy labor of the harvest. The season of fun and frolic is about to begin..” – Debra Friedman – Old Sturbridge Visitor Winter 2001 ______January Muster : An early start to the year. JAN. 1st at 1:30 PM. In uniform please, instruments at the ready, muskets optional. For the last couple of years Lincoln has held an open-house at the Pierce House, (our regular meeting spot) on New Years Day. It just happens to be the first Tuesday of the month (our regular muster day.) This should be a nice chance to informally introduce ourselves to the people in town, (maybe do a little educating, a little recruiting.) Most of the time town folk just get to see us marching through their front or back yards or at least at parade rest from a distance. There should be a lot of youngsters around. A lot of good food, too (make your own ice cream sundae were popular last time we went).

The next muster in February will be a little more casual also. It will be held at the now generally biannual Colonial Dinner. Everyone associated with the company and their families are welcome. We are hoping to get some of the past and semi-retired members to come too. It should be a fun, informal feast, with some entertainment, also. So start looking for the most authentic recipes you can find. The library has some good colonial cook books. Don Hafner or Mary Harder may be calling you soon to see what you have in mind. So we don’t end up bringing the same food. The dinner will be Sat., Feb. 9 th at 7pm at the Pierce House.

The highlight of the December muster, (which was well attended by 13 members for such a cool dark night) besides updating the schedule for the up-coming year, was a little video brought in by our historian and president of the Battle Road Association- Mike Ryan. (They had a nice article about him in the local paper recently). This was the first public viewing of the video outside of the association. It was well done, and meant to explain the need to protect the Battle Road Park from encroachment of different kinds (airport, traffic, modernization,etc.). The video is planned to be sent to influential groups, businesses, and politicians around the country. We also happen to be one of the star performers in it.

Our annual financial report looked fairly sound. Our largest expense was music lessons, but the music program also produced the most income. Dues pretty much just pay for the mailings and basic office expenses. So please pay you dues if you have not, for the coming year. Our fiscal year starts in September, so we are a good way through it already.

The company would very much like to have some more help coordinating school visits for the coming season. They are an integral part of our duties although they take place during the week, which is hard for some of us. They are very worthwhile for the classes as well as for the participants.

Mike Ryan has plenty of activities and educational opportunities available at the park this winter if any one has some free weekends.

A little information about our Guidon from our historian, Mike Ryan.

Flags of many types were carried throughout history including by the colonists. Poles were of wood generally. For all of its faults and myths, the Bedford Flag is a good example of an early 18th Century (not 17th Century) horse troop colour. Colonials carried flags representing various causes... liberty being the most prominent. Unit "guidons" of any type at the time of 1775 are most unlikely. There exists no documentation (original and primary) that any colours were carried on the field in Lexington or Concord by either side on 19 April. I wondered about the March date and Don has explained it. It was not the date of the founding of the minute company nor of the election of its officers. Concord Minute Men had the same problem... displaying A date but not THE date of its first minute company (Miles') founding. I corrected this with an explanatory article some years ago. Reenacted unit guidons are a product of the Bicentennial era and used for identification, ceremony and esprit de corps. Aluminum is cheap, light and one does not have to wait years for it to grow to the proper size for a pole! Will do some more looking! Best wishes for a blessed holiday season and a healthy, happy, memorable 2002. THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 34 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and Example November 2001

“Under the sod / Under these trees / Lies the body of Jonathan Pease He is not here / But only his pod / He has shelled out his peas / And gone to his God.” – Epitaph on a weathered slate tombstone in the Old North Cemetery, Nantucket, Massachusetts ______December Muster: Spring Planning The Captain expresses his thanks to the Join us Tuesday, Dec. 4th, 7:30 PM for the members of the Nominating Committee for their fourth Muster of the 2001-2002 season, at the energy in recruiting candidates. Pierce House. Nothing dispels the gloom of encroaching Winter like the anticipation of Spring. We have the upcoming Spring events to plan, and the Captain is eager to hear suggestions for improvements. For the Alarm and Muster, should Rick Wiggin come running from a nearby house in striped pajamas, rather then his ratty colonial shirt? Should the fifes and drums be allowed to add a saxaphone player? Should the musket men be required to learn the manual of arms? The Company needs fresh ideas such as these. Come join us and bring ideas of your own. The Captain provides goodies as an enticement.

To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For The Time Being… The following slate of officers was elected unanimously at the November muster, to lead the Lincoln Minute Men in the coming year. Captain Steve Humphrey First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn Ensign Adjutant Karl Zuelke Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy Quartermaster Bill Stason Drum Major Don Hafner Sergeant-at-Arms Jim Hogan Historian Mike Ryan Member-at-Large Mary Harder Member-at-Large Dave White They are pleased to serve, but they also need your encouragement and support. Lots of ways to show that: volunteer without being asked; help arrange programs for musters; turn out for as many events as possible; march in step; learn the manual of arms. Did You Find an Envelope Enclosed?? colonial ambience. They invite others from the Well, if you did, that means the Ensign Company to join them in Sutton at 10 AM. As Paymaster has you on his records as still owing you will recall from past years, early December your annual dues. We’ve even put a postage can be unseasonably mild and pleasant in New stamp on the envelope already, so you’ll really England, a last opportunity to enjoy freedom feel like a worm if you don’t pay your dues, won’t before you have to encase yourself in your you. woolies. As you know, the Company relies on the If you’d like to join the event, and need annual dues to meet its expenses, including the details, give Ruth a call at 781-259-1496. mailing of this Newsletter. So please write out a check to The Lincoln Minute Men ($15 for New England Tradition Revived individuals, $20 for family membership) and mail An article in The Boston Globe, on it in the envelope — to help cover the cost of Thanksgiving Day, 2001, reported a puzzling benefits you have already enjoyed. remark by a New England historian. He was Think the Paymaster has made a mistake, and quoted as saying that our customary Thanksgiving you have already paid your dues? Send a protest celebration, in the style of the Pilgrims, was in fact note in the envelope — or better still, send another quite alien to most of New England until the late check. You’d be a very popular Patriot that way. 1800s. According to this historian, the Pilgrims’ Plymouth Bay Colony was soon overshadowed by Colonial Dinner Encore – February 9th the much larger Massachusetts Bay Colony of the Remember when America was new? And Puritans. And as a consequence, the history of the Mozart was new? And dining was gracious? And Pilgrims was also overshadowed and not cooks produced scrumptious meals from recipes resurrected until Victorian times. that began with “Take a large legg of beef, boyle it Like so many things that get reported in the to raggs, then strain it off.” newspapers these days, this didn’t seem to make Remember when we used this same come-on much sense. What could this historian mean, that two years ago to entice you to the Company’s our traditional Thanksgiving had been forgotten authentic colonial dinner? Good, then you’ll also and had become alien even in New England? remember that this event was splendid good fun! To be sure, our celebration of Thanksgiving as So mark your calendars, for 7 PM, Saturday, an annual and national holiday is usually traced to February 9th, and start searching for that authentic President Abraham Lincoln’s Proclamation of 18th century recipe which will be your Thanksgiving on October 3, 1863, where he contribution. Beef ragg-goo, perhaps? proposed that on November 26th, the great gifts given to the nation “be solemnly, reverently, and Last Fling Before the Snow Flies gratefully acknowledged as with one heart and Each year, the Town of Sutton (near voice by the whole American people.” But Worcester) has a “Chain of Lights” celebration, Lincoln was himself invoking an earlier history. when the businesses around the town common His great burden was to preserve the Union. And hold open house, offer refreshments, and vie with following the sacrifice of lives at Gettysburg in each other in holiday decorations. Something for July, he must have remembered President George the whole family. This year, the local Washington’s Proclamation of Thanksgiving in Revolutionary War militia group will be setting up 1789, to give thanks for the new United States an encampment on the town green, to add some brought into being that year by the new historical flavor. They would be delighted to have Constitution. It surely was not simple coincidence other muskets and musicians come join them on that the day Lincoln selected for his own Saturday, December 1st. proclamation, and the day he set aside for Sutton is where John LeClaire grew up and Thanksgiving, were identical to Washington’s where his family still lives, so the considerable Proclamation in 1789. And the historical thread musical talents of the Hodges-LeClaires (Adam, runs even further to the past. Proclamations of Evan, Ruth, and John) will be adding to the days of Thanksgiving date back at least to 1676, when the governing council of Charlestown set June 29th “as a day of Solemn Thanksgiving and praise to God for such His Goodness and Favour,” for having protected the town from the Indians during King Philip’s War. So given this long historical thread, how could one say that our traditional Thanksgiving had been forgotten, even in New England? Well, it is true. We have become so accustomed to our version of Thanksgiving that when we read over those earlier proclamations, we fail even to see the most obvious thing — they are all solemn days set aside for prayer. Not one mentions a Thanksgiving feast. Indeed, one source speaks of these as fasting days. The Feast — that is what we get from the Pilgrims, and that is the custom that was resurrected in the 1800s. And we owe it all to a brief paragraph composed by one of the Pilgrims in “A Letter Sent from New England to a Friend,” December 1621: Our harvest being gotten in, our governor sent four men on fowling, that so we might after a special manner rejoice together after we had gathered the fruit of our labors. They four in one day killed as much fowl as, with a little help beside, served the company almost a week. At which time, amongst other recreations, we exercised our arms, many of the Indians coming amongst us, and among the rest their greatest king Massasoit, with some ninety men, whom for three days we entertained and feasted, and they went out and killed five deer, which they brought to the plantation and bestowed on our governor, and upon the captain and others. And although it be not always so plentiful as it was at this time with us, yet by the goodness of God, we are so far from want that we often wish you partakers of our plenty. … These things I thought good to let you understand, … that you might in our behalf give God thanks Who hath dealt so favorably with us.

The Fourth Muster of the Season! Remember Tuesday, December 4th, 7:30 p.m. at the Pierce House. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 32 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and ExampleSeptember 2001

“22. Show not yourself glad at the misfortune of another, though he were your enemy. 23. When you see a crime punished, you may be inwardly pleased; but show pity to the suffering offender. … 56. Associate yourself with men of quality if you esteem your own reputation; for ‘tis better to be alone than in bad company. … 110. Labor to keep alive in your breast that little spark of celestial fire called conscience” – Four of 110 entries in young George Washington’s handwritten Rules of Civility and Decent Behavior in Company and Conversation ______October Muster: were on stand. If you’d like to see pictures, just Join us Tuesday, Oct. 2nd, 7:30 PM for the ask. second Muster of the 2001-2002 season, at the Pierce House. Come join us.

Colonial Dinner Encore – February 9th Remember when America was new? And Mozart was new? And dining was gracious? And cooks produced scrumptious meals from recipes that began with “Take a large legg of beef, boyle it to raggs, then strain it off.” Remember when we used this same come-on two years ago to entice you to the Company’s authentic colonial dinner? Good, then you’ll also remember that this event was splendid good fun! So mark your calendars, for 7 PM, Saturday, February 9th, and start searching for that authentic 18th century recipe which will be your contribution. Beef ragg-goo, perhaps?

Lincoln Green at Sudbury Faire Lincoln was there! For the second time in its history, the music corps of the Lincoln Minute Men participated in the annual Muster of fifes and drums sponsored by Sudbury at the Wayside Inn on September 29th. This is a “by invitation only” event, and Lincoln was on the playbill along with some of the nation’s best fife and drum groups. The weather was glorious, the autumn colors muted but evident, the crowd appreciative, and by all accounts, the performance by the Lincoln fifers and drummers drew rave reviews all around. Great fun and a fine culmination to long hours of work by George General, Ruth Hodges, John LeClaire, Nelia Newell, Linda Stokes, Gay VanAusdall, Emily Watson, Dave White, and Don Hafner. Mary Harder proudly carried the guidon, so all would know that the Lincoln Minute Men A Smith Family Gathering nearly full – the 18th century camp overflowed Captain William Smith, of the Lincoln Minute into the modern area where we were. The Men, was a brother of Abigail Adams. On authenticity of the former was impressive – Saturday, October 6th, from 2-3:30 pm, they will everyone in 18th century clothes, and cooking both make their appearance at the Smith House in over open fires. The grounds are not normally the National Park in Lincoln. used for camping, and facilities were stretched to The setting is October 1778. Abigail (Karen the limit. … None of us knew exactly what to Yourell, an Interpretive Ranger at Adams National expect, particularly since they had greatly changed Historical Park) is visiting her brother while his the format since Jim’s previous participation. family is away. William (aka Mike Ryan) has Alan (as acting lieutenant), Robert, and Jim recently had the harrowing experience of being listened to the briefing in the morning, but there captured and released by the British. The two will was only minimal information. This was our first be found in conversation in the east livingroom of chance to see the Native American reenactors, the Smith House. Come join the conversation and who wore loincloths and little else! Glenn bought ask questions about all those rumors regarding colonial clothes — a necessity for visiting Mary’s Captain Billy, or any of the other events of the brother’s California unit, Morgan’s Rangers, in the time. An engaging way to learn local history. 18th century camp! We assembled in the afternoon for an inspection, then marched to the Annual Dues: The Envelope, Please lake shore through rough vacant land for the Yes, it is that time again. Enclosed you will battle. This was not a true recreation of Ethan find an envelope addressed to the Paymaster, Allan’s surprise attack in the dark with a force of ready for your check to cover the annual dues: $15 83, but a generic American Revolution field battle. for individuals, $20 for whole families. The Redcoats advanced from the foot of the fort, As we have done before, we appeal to your while we attacked with several companies civic spirit — you’re proud that the Minute Men supplemented by artillery, from the riverbank. For give school presentations to the kiddies and Elder historical accuracy, we did defeat the Redcoats, Hostel presentations to visitors from around the and drive them back to their starting point. We globe, so shouldn’t you help support these used a combination of firing from the right and Company activities? Fill the envelope with your company volleys. Reed and Leif played their check made out to the “The Lincoln Minute Men.” instruments and were sent as messengers to notify the general that there were Redcoats on our right The LMM Help Seize Fort Ticonderoga flank. There were hundreds of spectators (part of This field report comes to us from Alan Budreau. the Ft’s incentive was to attract $10 paying “Jim Kelley has been telling us about the Fort customers) and a narrator on a PA system. A Ticonderoga battle ever since he has been a great battle, with each LMM member firing about member. He took part in one there about 10 years 23 rounds. Alan had so much powder on both ago. Ana and Robert Holzbach in their pickup hands that he wondered if there was any danger of truck, convoying with Alan and Diana Budreau it igniting! The battle stopped twice when and Jim, in Alan’s station wagon. Mary, Reed, unfortunate reenactors disturbed a hornet’s nest Leif, and Glenn Harder preceded us in their family and two had to be evacuated by ambulance. In the motor home. All made their way Friday night, evening, we all attended a concert by the excellent Sept. 7th to Fort Ticonderoga. A beautiful drive Fort Ticonderoga Corps of Fifes & Drums through New England. We were part of over 600 (assisted by Reed and Leif), followed by a Feu de reenactors. The Fort is operated as a private Joie in which each of about 8 artillery pieces fired nonprofit, and made us very welcome with free 5 rounds – truly spectacular in the dark. I estimate camping and passes, as well as a shuttle bus. It is flames shot out as far as 30 ft!. None of us were an imposing huge stone structure with a able to stay for the Sunday events, departing commanding position overlooking the West side Saturday night or Sunday morning first thing; of Lake Champlain. There were about 20 sutlers enjoying the ferry ride across Lake Champlain, (by invitation only). The camping areas were and the scenic ride home.” Ancient Traditions Even Then Some colonial practices at the time of the Revolution, such as paying the Minute Men a penny for every mile they marched, seem quaint to us now, and they were ancient even back then. Consider the following provisions in The Body of Liberties, the laws that Massachusetts Bay Colony set for itself in 1641: “5. No man shall be compelled to any public work or service unless the press be grounded upon some act of the general Court, and have reasonable allowance therefore. “6. No man shall be pressed in person to any office, work, or wars or any other public service, who is necessarily and sufficiently exempted by all natural or personal impediment, as by want of years, greatness of age, defect of mind, failing of senses, or impotency of limbs. “7. No man shall be compelled to go out of the limits of this plantation upon any offensive wars which this Commonwealth or any of our friends or confederates shall voluntarily undertake. But only upon such vindictive and defensive wars in our own behalf or the behalf of our friends and confederates as shall be enterprized by the counsel and consent of a Court general, or by authority derived from the same.” Interesting phrase, “but only upon such vindictive wars.” Back then, just as now, vindictive meant vengeful. But today it also means spiteful and mean-spirited, so waging a “vindictive war” would not merit praise. In colonial times, its other meaning was doing justice by punishing wrongs.

The Second Muster of the Season! Remember Tuesday, October 2nd, 7:30 p.m. at the Pierce House. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 31 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and Example August 2001

“Monarchy is like a sleek craft, it sails along well until some bumbling captain runs it into the rocks. Democracy, on the other hand, is like a raft. It never goes down but, dammit, your feet are always wet.” – Fisher Ames, Massachusetts statesman, orator, and writer, 1758-1808 ______September Muster: The Captain’s Picnic the Park or the visitors who love to chat and have Join us Tuesday, Sept. 4th, 6:00 PM for the their pictures taken with us. first Muster of the 2001-2002 season, at the Captain’s house at 37 Willard Road in Weston. The Captain promises barbecued bird and other goodies, and a relaxed way to begin discussion of the season’s upcoming events. How do you get to Willard Road? Silver Hill Road in Lincoln becomes Merriam Street on the Weston side of Route 117. Willard is the second left after you pass over the bridge over the MBTA tracks. Or call the Captain at 781-899-0933, tell him he is lost, but you’ll be glad to help him, if he’ll describe exactly where he is. If you’d like to contribute to the picnic, bring your favorite beverage with some extra to share with others. Come join us. Note the time.

We Need Your Help For This One This is a Park event being held in Lincoln, specifically for the participation of the Lincoln Minute Men. Please attend. Sunday, September 9th at the Hartwell Tavern, with a session at 1:30 p.m. and another at 3 p.m. The year is 1774, and you are gathered with your neighbors, debating the wisdom of a tea boycott, a Committee of Correspondence, and other pressing issues of the time. The site will be the Hartwell Tavern in Lincoln. On that very ground in 1774, Lincoln citizens, with a mug of beer in one hand and an apple picked from the nearby trees in the other, must have debated the same matters. Mike Ryan stages these re-enactments, and you can participate in colonial garb as a spectator or as a vigorous debater. Come for one session or both. Again, this is being staged in Lincoln specifically to attract members of the Lincoln Minute Men as participants. Let’s not disappoint To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company Denali, Anchorage, and by ship to Vancouver. The Nominating Committee is assembling a Stunning. slate of candidates for the annual election of Steve McCarthy: A week in Maine near Company officers at the October muster. Tenants Harbor. Family fun. The rosters of the Lincoln Minute Men from Fred and Ingemarie Richardson: A family the time of the Revolution show that the officers’ reunion in Minnesota, then an intense week positions were passed around among members of singing with the Berkshire Choral Festival. the community and seldom held by the same Hoping to go on a balloon ride in the near future. person for more than a year. It is a fine historical Hectic, busy, challenging, and fun. tradition, and one you can participate in. The Nathaniel Greene: Hiked through the back- Nominating Committee will be seeking volunteers country of the Carolinas, trying to avoid an army to fill positions, but you don’t have to wait for of unpleasant British tourists. My advice? Skip them to come to you. The good that the Lincoln Guilford Courthouse and do Yorktown instead. Minute Men do in the community, and the fun that Michael Mach: Saving vacation time for we all have, is made possible by those among your expected arrival of 2nd son in late September, and comrades who have stepped forward and said, doing home renovations. “Contractors — “Yes, I’ll do that for this year.” The tasks are not aughhhhhhhhhhhh!!!” burdensome, and friends will always pitch in to Emily Watson: Family reunion and help. So how about it? Will you speak up and boyfriend’s family reunion. Basically hung around volunteer? Please do. You will enjoy the support and talked to relatives the entire time. Hot and and respect of the entire Company. baking!!!! Alan Budreau: Two trips to get daughter The Summer Campaigns settled at the University of San Francisco. Got to We asked those on the Company email list to see our newest grandson and visit with son Will, a tell us how they spent the summer, with a one- former Lincoln Minute Man. word summary description. We got these replies. Tim and Pam Hays: vacation at Tanglewood, Is That You, Brother Billy? umpired baseball, and puzzled over whether it is Captain William Smith, of the Lincoln Minute true (as one of his associates asserts) that Paul Men, was a brother of Abigail Adams. On Revere was captured in Lexington, not Lincoln. Saturday, October 6th, from 2-3:30 pm, they will Peter MacLearn: Boy Scout Camp for one both make their appearance at the Smith House in week, kept track of 8 boys, 12-14 years old. the National Park in Lincoln. Unique. The setting is October 1778. Abigail (Karen Mike Ryan: 150+ volunteer hours by the Yourell, an Interpretive Ranger at Adams National North Bridge, portraying Jonas Bateman and Historical Park) is visiting her brother while his schmoozing with the Great American Public. family is away. William (aka Mike Ryan) has Exhausting. recently had the harrowing experience of being Jim Hogan: What vacation? Work. Another captured and released by the British. The two will penny out of debt. be found in conversation in the east livingroom of Benedict Arnold: New job overlooking the the Smith House. Come join the conversation and Hudson River, spent the summer considering a ask questions about all those rumors regarding change of employers. Looks treacherous. Captain Billy, or any of the other events of the George and Pam General: Acadia Park on time. An engaging way to learn local history. foot, by sea, and by horse-drawn carriage. Then Fort Ticonderoga, for the annual weekend muster of fifes and drums. Great fun. Bob Hicks: No vacation, stayed at home, and worked around the house. No fun. Linda Stokes: To Alaska for a land and cruise tour starting in the Yukon, then through Fairbanks, Honored By Our Enemies Major John Dyke Acland was one of those well-born officers who brought his wife with him when his regiment joined Burgoyne’s army. An aristocrat from an ancient family, Acland was instinctively an unreconstructed Tory. In the last, decisive battle leading to Burgoyne’s surrender at Saratoga in October, 1777, Major Acland was wounded in both legs and captured by the Americans. His wife was frantic with anxiety and prevailed on Burgoyne for a letter of passage to General Gates, the American commander, so she could join her husband in the American hospital. Burgoyne later remarked: “I was astonished at the proposal. After so long an agitation of the spirits, exhausted not only for want of rest, but absolute want of food, drenched in rain for twelve hours, that a woman should be capable of delivering herself to an enemy, probably in the night and uncertain into what hands she might fall, appeared an effort above human virtue.” That Lady Acland was very young and very pregnant no doubt added to the astonishment. She found her husband in good care and good spirits, and they were both accorded great courtesy for three months while he recuperated. Years later, after he had returned to Britain, Major Acland took umbrage at insulting remarks made by another British officer about American soldiers. Acland challenged the officer to a duel — and died of the wound he received on the dueling field. Madame Riedesel, also in Burgoyne’s company, remarked of Acland that he “was a rough fellow who was drunk almost every day, but nevertheless, a brave officer.” And honorable.

Fort Ticonderoga Details Want to see historic Fort Ticonderoga and view a commemorative skirmish? Jim Kelley has made arrangements for participating Lincoln Minute Men to join with the Wallingford Company out of Vermont at a Fort Ticonderoga event, Friday through Sunday, Sept. 7-9th. For more information, contact the Captain or Jim Kelley at 978-388-5681.

The First Muster of the Season! Remember Tuesday, September 4th, 6:00 p.m. at the Captain’s house in Weston. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 30 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and Example June 2001

“The second day of July, 1776, will be the most memorable epoch in the history of America. … It ought to be solemnized with pomp and parade, with shows, games, sports, guns, bells, bonfires, and illuminations, from one end of this continent to the other, from this time forward forevermore.” – John Adams to Abigail, July 3, 1776, the day after the resolution for Independence was accepted by committee at the Continental Congress ______July Muster: A Small Town Parade help. So how about it? Will you speak up and For the grand finale of the season, nothing volunteer? Please do. You will enjoy the support equals Lincoln’s own glorious Town Parade. and respect of the entire Company. Assemble Wednesday, July 4th, 9:45 AM at the Smith School parking lot. The Fourth is never better than in Lincoln.

Special Muster: A Hessian’s Story At the Company’s previous muster, Steve McCarthy, Jr. gave an engaging and informative presentation of the research he has done into one of his ancestors, a Hessian soldier who participated in the campaign by Burgoyne that ended at Saratoga. If you missed this special muster program (or even if you didn’t), see the essay by Steve, Jr. elsewhere in this issue of The Dispatch.

Your Turn To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For the Time Being? The Captain will soon appoint a Nominating Committee to assemble candidates for the annual election of Company officers at the September muster. The rosters of the Lincoln Minute Men from the time of the Revolution show that the officers’ positions were passed around among members of the community and seldom held by the same person for more than a year. It is a fine historical tradition, and one you can participate in. The Nominating Committee will be seeking volunteers to fill positions, but you don’t have to wait for them to come to you. The good that the Lincoln Minute Men do in the community, and the fun that we all have, is made possible by those among your comrades who have stepped forward and said, “Yes, I’ll do that for this year.” The tasks are not burdensome, and friends will always pitch in to An Honorable Defense of Liberty? Mike Ryan stages these re-enactments every In the autumn of 1780, David Freemoyer was summer in the National Park, and you can 19 years old and a militia soldier stationed at participate as a spectator in colonial dress or as a Middle Fort on the Schoharie River, near Albany vigorous debater. They occur on the second in New York. The fort was under attack by a Sunday of each month, with a session at 1:30 p.m. combined force of Regulars, Tory militia, and and another at 3 p.m. Come for one or both. The Indians. In a deposition in 1834, Freemoyer told a remaining dates this year are July 8 and August 12 few tales of this noble defense of American at the North Bridge, and September 9 at the liberty. Hartwell Tavern. “Sir John Johnson [the British commander] then sent two men with a flag of truce, it was “WW I Soldiers Found in France” (AP) supposed to summon the fort to surrender, and, An Associated Press story out of France, about contrary to the order of Colonel Vrooman ..., the the discovery of the remains of twenty-four British man bearing the flag was shot when about 140 soldiers buried in an unmarked grave following yards of the fort by Timothy Murphy... The other the battle of Arras in 1917, would not ordinarily person ran back without attempting to proceed find a place in these pages. The graves were further with the flag.” uncovered a few months ago during the “The enemy succeeded only in killing one man construction of (yes) a German automobile factory in the fort. This was a Samuel Runnels, or in northern France. There seems no prospect of Reynolds, who went on top of one of the buildings identifying the soldiers, except that surviving in the fort and there foolishly and indecently military emblems indicate that several were exposed his hind parts to the enemy in contempt members of the Lincolnshire Regiment’s 10th of them and there remained contrary to the Battalion, “The Chums,” raised in the fishing port admonition of those in the fort, until one of the of Grimsby in Lincolnshire. They will be reburied enemy under cover ... crept near enough to shoot with full military honors in France, in graves and fire at him, the ball just breaking the skin marked with headstones saying “A soldier of the across above one of his eyebrows. This stunned Great War. Known only to God.” Reynolds, and he fell off the house on the We mention these things because the pavement or some stone below on his head and Lincolnshire Regiment was originally the 10th broke his neck... It was afterwards said that Sir Regiment of Foot, and on April 19, 1775, The John Johnson, having discovered Reynold’s 10th sustained one killed and 17 wounded at the contempt of them with a spyglass, gave some ... North Bridge and along Battle Road — perhaps gold coin to an expert marksman to shoot with musketballs fired by militia soldiers from the Reynolds.” Massachusetts town of Lincoln? These bits of history were uncovered by our indefatigable researcher, Mike Ryan. Fort Ticonderoga Details Want to see historic Fort Ticonderoga and Town Meeting Reminder participate in a commemorative skirmish? Jim Imagine the scene. The smell of hay in the Kelley has made arrangements for participating fields, the warm summer sun. The year is 1774, Lincoln Minute Men to join with the Wallingford and you are gathered with your neighbors at town Company out of Vermont at a Fort Ticonderoga meeting, debating the wisdom of a tea boycott, a event, Friday through Sunday, Sept. 7-9th. Committee of Correspondence, and other pressing Saturday is the big day. A battle enactment at issues of the time. The site might be the North 6 a.m., a breakfast hosted by the British Bridge or even better, the Hartwell Tavern in “defenders” afterward, plus displays and sutlers Lincoln. On that very ground in 1774, Lincoln and all the wonders and commotion of the citizens, with a mug of beer in one hand and an encampment. Sunday will feature blackpowder apple picked from the nearby trees in the other, and tomahawk competitions. To be in place for must have debated the same matters. Saturday’s events, participants must cross Lake Champlain via ferry, and the last ferry on Friday evening is at 6 p.m. The ferry is at the end of frugal price. These troops were to support the Vermont Route 73. Some Lincoln Minute Men British regulars, but they were to become the will be camping the night before, others may take back-bone of many government operations in the the B&B alternative. More details will appear in Northern colonies that were attempting to secede. the September Dispatch. Or contact the Captain. This story is of one such mercenary and his journey. Bringing Music to These American Shores Christoph Christoph Bayer lived in Do you suppose these milestones in colonial Rueckingen, three kilometers from the city of music (recounted in Yankee Magazine) have any Hanau in Germany. He was a Lutheran silk historical significance? weaver who had lived his whole life in Germany. 1603: Martin Pring, on a ship off In 1777, Christoph enlisted in the Hanau Jäger Massachusetts, plays the gittern (an early form of company. The company was being sent to the guitar) to the Natives’ delight, and they dance and colonies and the ranks needed to be filled. shower him with gifts. Christoph was only 21 when he enrolled, contrary 1607: Marc Lescarbot notes the first song to the company records which listed his age as 25. heard by Europeans in North America, sung in a As is often the case with recruits, Christoph must sweat lodge in St. John’s, New Brunswick, by have found a reason to add four years to his age. Etechemin and Souriquois men. Christoph would soon leave the kingdom of the 1620: Trumpets aboard The Mayflower are German prince of Hesse-Cassel as a member of a used to accompany songs from the “Ainsworth well organized machine that was the Germany Psalter” and later became military instruments. military. 1731: The first public concert in the colonies Christoph was an essential part of that is held in Boston, at the home of Mr. Pelham, mechanism. He was a member of an elite group played on “sundry instruments” and costing 5 of sharpshooters; he was a Jäger. During the war, schillings. these troops would play a vital role as the 1767: The Mattatuck Drum Band is formed in marksmen of the governing British army. The Waterbury, Connecticut, becoming the oldest such Hesse-Cassel Jägers would participate in almost unit still in existance. every conflict after 1777. They would do this in 1768: America’s first patriotic song, “The small groups, providing the British with guerrilla Liberty Song,” is put to the music of a British warfare style support. On April 1st, Christoph and military tune, “Heart of Oak,” by John Mein and his colleagues set sail from Offenbach, Germany John Fleming and published in the Boston Gazette. to Holland. From Holland they went to England where they were regrouped and sent to the A Hessian’s Story Americas from Plymouth, England, the same port by Stephen McCarthy, Jr. the Pilgrims set sail from a hundred years earlier. (Presented at the June Muster) Christoph was on a voyage across the Atlantic In my family there are many stories, stories of when most American colonists had never been hallowed bishops, daring soldiers, inquisitive more than 14 miles away from their birthplaces. inventors, and ruminating professors. I would like On September 3rd he arrived at Oswego on to share a favorite story of mine. It is taken from Lake Ontario. The Hanau Jägers immediately the American War For Independence. War had were given a mission to support a British broken out in the Massachusetts Bay Colony and detachment that was to be sent along the Mohawk had spread to 12 other crown colonies on the Valley until they met up with General Burgoyne continent. In an effort to stop this insurrection, who would be waiting at Albany. Things did not His Majesty King George III ordered several turn out as planned. One part of the detachment thousand troops to quell the uprising. In 1776, met up with some rebels and was forced to retreat. King George could not spare many troops as there Another part of the column managed to meet were other military issues to attend to in his vast Burgoyne, but then were defeated at Saratoga empire. Consequently, he called upon his cousins [several miles away from my grandmother’s in Germany to assist by lending him troops for a house]. Those who escaped capture retreated back to Canada. Those who were captured were sent to Weston, Massachusetts [three miles from my house]. It is unclear in which group Christoph was. He was not captured, so whichever group he was in ended up in Canada with the remainder of his company. There he was billeted in the Montreal region [where I go to camp]. The only exception was the winter of 1780-81 in which the Hessians were scattered all over the Quebec City region. The company to which Christoph belonged stayed in Saint Thomas-de-Montmagny. It was in this town that Christoph’s future wife lived. It is quite possible that he met her during this stay and returned to marry her, or maybe he just liked the area. In any case, in 1783, after his discharge Christoph chose to stay in Canada instead of returning to Germany. Great Britain had offered several options of land parcels as rewards for not deserting. To encourage desertion, the rebels also offered parcels of land to those willing to desert. This resulted in many opportunities to acquire substantial amounts of land. Christoph obtained three parcels of land from the local Lord of the Manor. For Christoph to move so far away from home seems strange to us, but for Christoph it wasn’t. Since Christoph was technically a subject of the English crown through the Prince of Hesse- Cassel, this was like moving from Massachusetts to California. In three years Christoph was a leading member of a German community in Canada. He had a comfortable house and was happily married to Marie-Madeleine Gendreau from St. Thomas-de-Montmagny. Their second son, Louis Bayer [spelled Payeur in French] had numerous children, including Emmeline Payeur who was my father’s [maternal] grandfather’s grandmother. Christoph Bayer was a classic example of the colonist who built our continent with brute force making North America the developed area it is today.

The Eleventh Muster of the Season! Remember Wednesday, July 4th, 9:45 a.m. at the Smith School parking lot. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 29 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and Example May 2001

“June 3. Very hot sultry weather. Headquarters moved from Morristown towards the lines. A very unwholesome time, very sickly, the men come into town from Headquarters. Very plenty smallpox, very prevalent. Moved our quarters into town. Stationed in a schoolhouse. Nothing very remarkable. The jail full of Tories and some other prisoners of war. A number of Hessians taken.” – Private Jeremiah Greenman, Continental Army, diary entry, 1777. ______June Muster: A Special Program Want to see historic Fort Ticonderoga and For the final muster of the season, we have a participate in a commemorative skirmish? Jim special program by one of our young Cadets. Kelley has made arrangements for participating Steve McCarthy Jr., as a school project, has traced Lincoln Minute Men to join with the Wallingford his ancestral connections to a Hessian soldier who Company out of Vermont at a Fort Ticonderoga played a role in one of the pivotal events of the event, Friday through Sunday, Sept. 7-9th. American Revolution. Steve Jr. will present his Saturday is the big day. A battle enactment at project at our muster. Come learn and show your 6 a.m., a breakfast hosted by the British support. Tuesday, June 5th, 7:30 PM at the “defenders” afterward, plus displays and sutlers Pierce House. Goodies will be served. Und alle and all the wonders and commotion of the Hesserin willkommen heissen. encampment. Sunday will feature blackpowder and tomahawk competitions. To be in place for Alas, No Hudson Memorial Day Parade Saturday’s events, participants must cross Lake ‘Tis true. Our offer to march and help Hudson Champlain via ferry, and the last ferry on Friday celebrate drew no response. So as you are evening is at 6 p.m. The ferry is at the end of formally inaugurating summer by roasting that hot Vermont Route 73. Some Lincoln Minute Men dog and stirring that potato salad, think back to the will be camping the night before, others may take last time we marched in Hudson, when the the B&B alternative. More details will appear in Lincoln Minute Men were the parade. the September Dispatch. Or contact the Captain.

Ancient and Honorable Parade: Carpooling Town Meeting Reminder On Monday, June 4th, you’re encouraged to Imagine the scene. The smell of hay in the take part in the yearly frolic through downtown fields, the warm summer sun. The year is 1774, Boston usually referred to as the June Day Parade and you are gathered with your neighbors at town of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. meeting, debating the wisdom of a tea boycott, a A free lunch will be provided at 11:30 AM, and Committee of Correspondence, and other pressing you’re invited to a free and elegant post-parade issues of the time. The site might be the North banquet, too. All you have to is show up (in Bridge or even better, the Hartwell Tavern in uniform, please — and bring cartridges!!). Lincoln. Tough not to get a lump in your throat, Carpooling arrangements are being organized realizing that on that very ground in 1774, Lincoln now. The number of invitations is limited, so citizens, with a mug of beer in one hand and an those wanting to “hitch a ride” would do well to apple picked from the nearby trees in the other, call the Captain at 781-899-0933 promptly. must have debated the same matters. Also, if you need equipment from Mike Ryan stages these re-enactments every Quartermaster Bill Stason before the event, summer in the National Park, and you can contact Bill at 781-259-8939 no later than May participate as a spectator in colonial dress or as a 30th. vigorous debater. They occur on the second Sunday of each month, with a session at 1:30 p.m. Fort Ticonderoga Details and another at 3 p.m. Come for one or both. The dates this year are June 10, July 8, and August 12 copy of the Short Land musket, often called a at the North Bridge, and September 9 at the Provincial or Committee of Safety musket. Hartwell Tavern. The names we find for these weapons in “ Brown Bess” — Setting History Aright historical documents, British and American We have the following from Mike Ryan, our military records, personal diaries, and other historian extraordinaire. writings at the time vary: firelocks, flintlocks, the Brown Bess King’s Arms, Long Land muskets, Short Land by Rudyard Kipling (1865-1936) muskets, or simply muskets. Rarely, if ever, is the term “Brown Bess” found. From where, then, In the days of lace-ruffles, perukes, and brocade comes the contemporary use of this name for 18th Brown Bess was a partner whom none could despise— An out-spoken, flinty-lipped, brazen-faced jade, century firearms? With a habit of looking men straight in the eyes— Although the origin of the term is obscure, At Blenheim and Ramillies, fops would confess there is no shortage of conjecture or myth. The They were pierced to the heart by the charms of Brown phrase “brown musket” appeared as early as 1708. Bess. It may have referred to the color of the walnut By the time Kipling wrote his ode to the wood from which gun stocks were made. It may British soldier’s flintlock companion, the musket have derived from a chemical treatment of gun itself had passed into history. Yet the charms of barrels dating to the 1630s, which helped prevent the name Brown Bess live on. Attend an rust and inhibited corrosion. Known as russeting, American Revolution re-enactment, speak with an this process made the barrel a rich brown. historical interpreter, or even consult The However, at the time of the Revolution, the British Encyclopædia Britannica and you will be told that Army preferred a bright metal appearance to its the firearm carried on both sides during the War weapons, so chemical browning was not used, and for Independence was known to the soldiers as some sources suggest that the gunstocks may also “the Brown Bess.” have been painted various colors. But that is not exactly right. And the source of Speculation on the origins of “Bess” are the error is itself an interesting story that takes us equally varied. Some believe it to be associated back in history. with Queen Elizabeth, who reigned from 1558 to In 1722, a British Ordnance Office decree 1603. Such is not likely, as she had been dead for established a standard army musket, known as the over a hundred years before the Long Land Long Land Pattern Service Musket. It was a full musket entered service, and soldiers would have 62 inches long, while the minimum height had no obvious reason to honor her. Soldiers requirement for soldiers was only 67 inches. It might, however, have used artful alliteration to was in time discovered that a shorter barrel was coin a name, since Brown Bess flows easily in just as accurate (or inaccurate), and thus some speech, in a way that Brown Lydia or Peg does British regiments adopted a smaller, less not. One folk tale attributes the name to a cumbersome version. After the French and Indian notorious (but popular) highwayman of the time War, the British army sought to reduce the weight whose house was named “Black Bess.” Further carried by all its soldiers and improve their speculation focuses on the possible corruption of mobility, so in 1768, it introduced the Short Land two foreign words: the Dutch “buss” for gun Musket (New Pattern), with the barrel reduced by barrel (as in blunderbuss), and the German four inches. British soldiers during the American “Büchse” for gun. Revolution carried this model. Since under British Whatever the origin of the term, the more law, all men in the colonies had to belong to the important point is that there is no solid local militia and own a musket, some colonists documentation to support the modern habit of would also have carried such muskets, while referring to the musket carried by British soldiers others would have been armed with a mix of as The Brown Bess. This does not appear to be hunting rifles, fowling pieces, or Dutch or French the way British or American soldiers ever used the muskets. Once the Revolution began, colonial term. Yet if we listen with a sharper ear to gunsmiths would produce a simple, less expensive Kipling’s poem, we can understand how the charms, remains an authentic figure in the modern confusion and error arose. American Revolution. But she needs to be treated One of the earliest references to Brown Bess with historical respect. Today, just as it was back can be found in The Connecticut Courant of April then, when the soldier’s duty calls and his musket 1771, which carried a story with the line, “… but is his closest companion, then well he may if you are afraid of the sea, take Brown Bess on “shoulder Brown Bess and march”! your shoulder and march.” And in 1785, the Dictionary of Vulgar Tongue, which listed Boxborough Fifers’ Festival & Town Fair vernacular terms of the period, contained this The town of Boxborough will be celebrating entry: “Brown Bess: A soldier’s firelock. To hug its 35th Annual Fifers’ Festival and Town Fair on Brown Bess; to carry a firelock, or serve as a Saturday, June 23rd, with a parade to mark the private soldier.” A generation later, a character in event. Assembly time is 10:30 a.m. at the town Thackeray’s Barry Lyndon would echo an English hall, with parade step-off at 11 a.m. The Day’s drinking song in which “married to Brown Bess” events will include games, displays, food, and was the soldiers’ phrase for being in the King’s general commotion. The parade will conclude army. So in its original use, Brown Bess was with a collation for all the marchers. The Captain slang and a term of poetic endearment, much in invites expressions of interest from the Company. the way people today give names of endearment to (Boxborough lies about 10 miles west of Concord, their boats or cars. And just as we would find it between Route 2 and Route 111.) strange if a historian a hundred years from now were to point at a car from our time and tell an And A Noted Public Figure Among Us audience that we called all such objects “The Old Each year, the Concord Celebrations Betsy,” so too a soldier from the Revolution Committee designates a Parade Marshall for its would find strange the modern reference to all Memorial Day events. The candidates must be muskets as The Brown Bess. armed services veterans and “noted public So how did modern confusion in the use of the figures.” This year, the Parade Marshall is our term Brown Bess arise? According to the own “Captain Billy,” Mike Ryan. National Army Museum in London, when Congratulations, Mike! flintlocks finally were taken out of service in the British military, the term became popular among Your Turn To Serve at the Pleasure of the gun collectors in the mid-1800s as a generic name Company, For the Time Being? for the wide variety of firelocks that included the The Captain will soon appoint a Nominating Long Land, the Short Land, and the even-shorter Committee to assemble candidates for the annual India Pattern models. The collectors’ misuse of election of Company officers at the September the term carried into the 1960s when fledgling muster. re-enactors, who were recreating colonial minute The rosters of the Lincoln Minute Men from and militia companies and British regiments for the time of the Revolution show that the officers’ the American Bicentennial, adopted the term. positions were passed around among members of While looking for authentic period weapons, they the community and seldom held by the same found collectors and others referring to firelocks person for more than a year. It is a fine historical as “Brown Besses,” and the name was soon tradition, and one you can participate in. The attached to all muskets and attributed to soldiers of Nominating Committee will be seeking volunteers the Revolution. to fill positions, but you don’t have to wait for The difference between the authentic use of them to come to you. The good that the Lincoln Brown Bess by soldiers and our modern, confused Minute Men do in the community, and the fun that use may seem rather subtle, perhaps even trivial. we all have, is made possible by those among your Yet getting the details exactly right is an important comrades who have stepped forward and said matter for historical re-enactors and interpreters. “yes, I’ll do that for this year.” The tasks are not As the poet A.E. Housman remarked, accuracy is burdensome, and friends wills always pitch in to a duty, not a virtue. Brown Bess, with all her help out. So how about it? Will you speak up and volunteer? Please do. You will enjoy the support and respect of the entire Company.

The Tenth Muster of the Season! Remember Tuesday, June 5th, 7:30 p.m. at the Pierce House. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 28 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and Example April 2001

“The grand leap of the whale up the Fall of Niagara is esteemed, by all who have seen it, as one of the finest spectacles in nature.” – Benjamin Franklin, to the editor of a London newspaper, mocking the British for their ignorance of America, 1765 ______May Muster: Tuesday, May 8th, 7:30 PM Fort Ticonderoga Delayed Yes, you are right, May 8th is not the first The event at Fort Ticonderoga, announced in Tuesday in May. But the Captain postponed the prior issues of The Dispatch for June 14-16th, has Muster until May 8th, in order to let the Ensign been postponed until September. Something Adjutant off the hook for not getting The Dispatch about Benedict Arnold having a dispute with out in time to announce the Muster. Ethan Allen — over eggs or furniture, or some So, the re-scheduled tenth muster of the season nonsense. Anyway, more details later. will be Tuesday, May 8th, 7:30 PM at the Pierce House. Goodies will be available — at least for Time and the Rhythm of Colonial Life those who get there early. By D. Michael Ryan “Dost thou love life? Then do not squander Time; Relive It All, As If You Had Been There for that’s the stuff Life is Made of.” Imagine the scene. The smell of hay in the Poor Richard’s Almanack, June 1746 fields, the warm summer sun. The year is 1774, and you are gathered with your neighbors at town Time guides and disciplines life. And so it meeting, debating the wisdom of a tea boycott, a was from the earliest days of colonial Committee of Correspondence, and other pressing Massachusetts. issues of the time. The site might be the North Time was important to the Puritans, although Bridge or even better, the Hartwell Tavern in in a differently measured manner. It had a sacred, Lincoln. Tough not to get a lump in your throat, spiritual meaning — God’s time. Ministers railed realizing that on that very ground in 1774, Lincoln against wasted time, especially for sinful purposes. citizens, with a mug of beer in one hand and an A Bay Colony law of 1633 noted, “No person, apple picked from the nearby trees in the other, householder or other, shall spend time idly or must have debated the same matters. unprofitably.” Constables sought out violations Mike Ryan stages these re-enactments every such as “common coasting,” “unprofitable summer in the National Park, and you can fowling,” or “tobacco taking.” Fines equal to a participate as a spectator in colonial dress or a week’s pay were assessed for “misspending time.” vigorous debater. They occur on the second Countryfolk rose at dawn, exhausted every Sunday of each month, with a session at 1:30 p.m. moment of daylight, and slumbered after dark. and another at 3 p.m. Come for one or both. The Sleeping more than seven hours was unacceptable, dates this year are June 10, July 8, and August 12 and Poor Richard urged, “Up, sluggard, and waste at the North Bridge, and September 9 at the not life; in the grave will be sleeping enough.” Hartwell Tavern. The measurement of time did not need to be exact Or come walk historic ground in the Company in the countryside. The daily movement of the of Captain William Smith (a.k.a. Mike Ryan) to sun, monthly passage of the moon, the shifting of chat about the events of the day. Assemble at the tides. Farmers’ cows and roosters announced the Smith House on Saturdays at 2 p.m., on June 23, hour to rise, and darkness set the time to rest. But August 25, and October 6. in towns where shops outside the home became common, punctuality and time discipline in the work place called for more reliable measures. Clocks were familiar to those aboard the industrialization made clocks more affordable — “Arabella” when it arrived in Massachusetts in and more necessary. In Concord, a clock-making 1630. But clocks remained rare in the colony for industry developed on the Mill Dam in the center many years. The first public clock was not of town, involving seven makers, some 30 mounted in Boston until 1668, and by the late tradesmen, and 20 buildings. And the way people 1600s, only a dozen clockmakers could be found thought of time became more secular. Time once in the city. Generally, timepieces came from was God’s time; now time was money. Yet we England, or their parts were imported and are from whence we came, and such is reflected in assembled in the colony. Style prevailed over what we say of time. Poor Richard still speaks to accuracy, and minute or second hands were rare us across the centuries: “He that riseth late, must well into the 1700s. trot all day, and shall scarce overtake his business To insure rising at dawn and thus no loss of at night.” The more truisms and times change, the hours in the brevity of life, Englishman Ralph more they stay the same. It is time to say adieu. Thoresby invented the “alarm clock” in 1680. And to correlate sundials to clocks, Londoner To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For Thomas Tompion in 1683 constructed “A Table of the Time Being… the Equation of Days Shewing how much a good The following slate of officers was elected Pendulum Watch ought to be Faster or Slower unanimously at the September muster, to lead the than a true Sundial every day of the Year.” Lincoln Minute Men in the coming year. Benjamin Franklin’s “An Economical Project,” in 1784, proposed what is known today as daylight Captain Steve Humphrey saving time. First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn The cost and maintenance of time instruments Ensign Adjutant Don Hafner put them beyond the means of most colonists. In Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy 1767, The Rev. William Emerson purchased a Quartermaster Bill Stason clock imported from Limerick, Ireland, that is still Drum Major Don Hafner in the Manse — but it cost him a full 20 dollars. Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo Traditional country time-telling methods were Historian Bob Hicks thus used along with such innovations as the Member-at-Large Camille Groves “sunline house,” which faced due South on a noon Member-at-Large Dave White sighting, so that its facade became a large sundial They are pleased to serve, but they also need your with carvings in the door faceboard or window encouragement and support. Lots of ways to show sills noting the hours. The meeting-house bell that: volunteer without being asked; help arrange tolled Sabbath services, the militia alarm, and programs for musters; come join in our school evening curfew. visits; turn out for as many events as possible; Daily time was given generally to the nearest march in step; learn the manual of arms; pay hour (“between 2 and 3 after noon” or “half past your dues promptly. three”) with minutes rarely used. Times listed for events such as the Battle at the North Bridge were The Tenth Muster of the Season! often guesses based on the sun and other factors, Remember Tuesday, May 8th, 7:30 p.m. at the or with the aid of an occasional pocket watch. Pierce House. See you there! Since each town set Noon according to “Local Apparent Solar Time,” when the sun was at its peak overhead, Noon in Boston might be 12 minutes earlier than in New York, a 150 miles to the West. But since the swiftest dispatch rider took a day to cover 100 miles, the difference did not matter much. At the turn of the 19th century, when the colonies had become the new Republic, rising THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 27 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and Example March 2001

“If General Washington and his council of war should be of the opinion that a successful attack may be made on the [British] troops in Boston, he [may] do it in any manner he may think expedient, notwithstanding the town and the property in it may thereby be destroyed.” – Instructions from the Continental Congress to George Washington, in command of the siege of Boston, October 1775 ______April Muster: Sunday April 1st, 2 PM for adding to the traditional New England spirit of It’s April, Time to March!! (Gee, last month’s town meeting. Dispatch could have led off with “It’s March, Time to April!! Probably just as well that we didn’t think of it.) The ninth muster of the season will be the Company Marching Drill in the Smith School parking lot. Assemble Sunday, April 1st, at 2 p.m. in full uniform, ready for inspection. A reminder that there is also a mandatory musket safety drill on Sunday, at 11:30 a.m. at Rick Wiggin’s house. All members of the Company who expect to be in a firing party or to discharge their muskets during a Company event must attend this drill. By order of the Captain. If you do not attend this drill, you will not fire — no exceptions. Gourmet lunch will be served (hey, no kidding, it really will be).

A Reminder of Important April Dates Check that Minute Man schedule on the refrigerator door, and burn dates, times, and assembly locations into memory: Saturday, April 7, 2:30 p.m.: Revere Capture Sunday, April 15, 5:30 p.m.: Alarm & Muster Monday, April 16, 6 a.m.: Parade Breakfast Sunday, April 22, 2 p.m.: Gravesite Ceremony Heavy fines and possible flogging are in store for those who fail to report for duty and for good fun!!

Fifes and Drums for Town Meeting Musicians of the Lincoln Minute Men enlivened Town Meeting on Saturday, March 24th, with colonial fife and drum tunes during the noon break. Making the joyous noise were Ruth Hodges, John LeClaire, Adam and Evan Hodges- LeClaire, and Don Hafner. Evan and Adam performed several duets, to the delight of the crowd. The Minute Men got many compliments From Lincoln’s Florida Chapter Burgoyne’s army had become. He was supposed From Rich Meyers, we have the following to have been joined by a British force sent up from good cheer (tinted with laments). Rich and Gail New York City, but whether through now reside in Orlando’s sunshine: “I wish each of misunderstanding, incompetence, or professional you the very best this coming April. I know you’ll rivalries among British commanders, those do well. Although I can’t be there in person, I will reinforcements were never sent. Burgoyne certainly be there in spirit. This will be the first pressed on toward Albany. But a series of April in nine years that I won’t be part of the engagements — at Bennington, Bemis Heights, festivities. I’m missing it already. Most of all, I’ll and Freeman’s Farm — exhausted the supplies miss the camaraderie. Oh, well. I knew this and morale of Burgoyne’s forces and compelled would happen. I’m OK with it. I know that his surrender on October 17, 1777, at Saratoga — everything is in really good hands and that an obscure site away from the battlefield, chosen everyone is psyched and pumped and whatever!” for the surrender ceremony. ‘Tis said the fifes and drums of the American army played Yankee Fort Ticonderoga Festivities in June Doodle when Burgoyne arrived to hand over his The French were the first to construct a fort at sword. Ticonderoga, in 1755, at a strategic location on Want to see historic Fort Ticonderoga and Lake Champlain’s western shore. The fort was participate in a commemorative skirmish? Jim unsuccessfully attacked by the British in 1758, Kelley has made arrangements for participating during the French and Indian Wars, in one of the Lincoln Minute Men to join with the Wallingford costliest British failures of that conflict. The Company out of Vermont at a Fort Ticonderoga French destroyed the fort themselves, rather than event, Friday through Sunday, June 14 - 16th. turn it over when France lost the war. Britain Saturday is the big day. A battle enactment at rebuilt a fort on the site, but it was manned by 6 a.m., a breakfast hosted by the British fewer than 50 men in May 1775 when a Patriot “defenders” afterward, plus displays and sutlers force under the leadership of Benedict Arnold and and all the wonders and commotion of the Ethan Allen stormed and captured it. Henry Knox encampment. Sunday will feature blackpowder arrived in December 1775, to haul about 60 of the and tomahawk competitions. To be in place for captured cannon and mortars back to Boston. Saturday’s events, participants must cross the These guns, deployed on Dorchester Heights Lake via ferry, and the last ferry on Friday under the cover of night, compelled the British to evening is at 7 p.m. Want more details? Contact evacuate Boston on March 17, 1776. the Captain. The value of Fort Ticonderoga to the American cause was well recognized, for it Hartwell Alive with History April 14th blocked British military passage from New York In the candle light and with the creak of City to Canada by way of the Hudson River and ancient floorboards, you could believe these Lake Champlain, and thus kept the British from “Heroes of the Battle Road” have indeed returned. cutting off New England from the other colonies. On Saturday, April 14, from 7 to 8:30 p.m., But the American army stationed there was far too Hartwell Tavern will be alive with history. The small to defend all the access points from which “Rev. Emerson” (Henry Cooke) will be alone in the fort could be attacked. In July 1777, when the sitting room; “Captain William Smith” (Mike General “Gentleman Johnny” Burgoyne Ryan) will be outside with his “Sergeant,” approached the fort from Canada with an army of Ephraim Hartwell’s son “John” (Bill Hollisten); in 7,000 Regulars and placed a dozen cannon on an the kitchen will be one of Ephraim’s other sons, undefended site overlooking the fort, the “Samuel Hartwell” (Richard Smith) and Samuel’s Americans made a strategic retreat under cover of wife “Mary” (Beth Smith). darkness, taking with them most of their military Have you seen the look of wonder on a child’s stores. An American effort to retake the fort from face, when the opportunity arises to talk with a the British in September 1777 was unsuccessful. historic figure in the flicker of candlelight? Well, But the attempt confirmed how isolated borrow a child if you need to (or a spouse will do), and come enjoy the event.

Annual Dues: The Envelope, Please Yes, it is that time again. If you have not already sent in your dues check, dig out that envelope we enclosed in the November Dispatch, and stock it full of dough: $15 for individuals, $20 for whole families. Please make your check out to the “The Lincoln Minute Men.” The Company needs your support.

Upcoming Park Events Imagine the scene. The smell of hay in the fields, the warm summer sun. The year is 1774, and you are gathered with your neighbors at town meeting, debating the wisdom of a tea boycott, a Committee of Correspondence, and other pressing issues of the time. The site might be the North Bridge or even better, the Hartwell Tavern in Lincoln. Tough not to get a lump in your throat, realizing that on that very ground in 1774, Lincoln citizens with a mug of beer in one hand and an apple picked from the nearby trees in the other must have debated the same matters. The Mike Ryan stages these re-enactments every summer in the National Park, and you can participate as spectator in colonial dress or vigorous debater. They occur on the first Sunday of each month, with a session at 1:30 p.m. and another at 3 p.m. Come for one or both. The dates this year are June 10, July 8, and August 12 at the North Bridge, and September 9 at the Hartwell Tavern. Or come walk historic ground in the Company of Captain William Smith (a.k.a. Mike Ryan) to chat about the events of the day. Assemble at the Smith House on Saturdays at 2 p.m., on June 23, August 25, and October 6.

The Ninth Muster of the Season! Remember Sunday, April 1st, 2 p.m. at the Smith School parking lot. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 27 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and Example March 2001

“On this day, the General was pleased to order a retreat, which was effected with the utmost regularity. Nor did the rebels enter the town for above an hour after it was evacuated. We have brought off all our cannon, all our artillery stores, all our provisions, and everything else which could be of any use to the rebels. Our army, together with the women and children, and almost all the friends of government who were in the town, are now on board transports. Our destination is not yet made known.” -- A British officer, recounting the evacuation of Boston by General Howe’s forces, March 17, 1776 ______March Muster: Pizza and Rolling Party Hodges-LeClaire, Ruth Hodges, Don Hafner, and It’s Spring again, and time to roll pepperoni Capt. Steve Humphrey following close behind, the and eat powder — or is it the other way around? Lincoln Minute Men spent the morning of Tuesday, March 13th, 6:30 PM will be the February 13th with four classes of Reed and Company’s traditional pizza and cartridge rolling George’s fourth-grade classmates, dispelling the party, at the Pierce House. Note the date and British lies and talking about life, music, and earlier starting time. soldiering in colonial times. Adam and Lief Those of you who have enjoyed this traditional offered up a fifers’ duet, Reed and Evan joined gathering know that it is a great time for swapping them for a fife and drum performance (with fancy stories, learning the humorous sides of your sticking by the drummers), and George as budding comrades in ranks, and wolfing down large slices historian engaged the students with some of Bertucci’s best. Bring cartridge rolling remarkable details about the role of young people equipment if you have it — and just a good in colonial life. appetite and sense of humor if you don’t. All are The older Minute Men in the expedition found welcome. You don’t have to be a musketman to these to be pretty tough acts to follow, but Mary know how to eat pepperoni. related the rigors and displayed the musket skills of a soldier, Ruth discussed the ways in which A Reminder of Important Dates small details of colonial clothing revealed larger Check that Minute Man schedule on the aspects of both culture and necessity, and Steve refrigerator door, and burn a few key dates and enthralled the kids with some local Weston history times into memory: and archeology. As many of you have discovered Sunday, April 1, 2 p.m.: Marching Drill over the years, these school visits are enjoyable Saturday, April 7, 2:30 p.m.: Revere Capture occasions for reviving your own command of Sunday, April 15, 5:30 p.m.: Alarm & Muster colonial history and invigorating it for eager Monday, April 16, 6 a.m.: Parade Breakfast young listeners. If you would like to join such Sunday, April 22, 2 p.m.: Gravesite Ceremony school visits this Spring, just say the word to the Captain. No experience necessary. Heavy fines and possible flogging are in store for those who fail to report for duty and for good fun!! Presidential Temperament Great leaders are often alleged to have Lincoln Pursues Brits in Weston Schools volcanic tempers. Perhaps it is a way of relieving A Redcoat had been spotted in the fourth the pressures of heavy responsibility. Perhaps it is grades at Weston’s Field Elementary School the a path to greatness by terrifying subordinates into week before, reportedly spreading calumny and giving their best performance. Perhaps it is just slander about the poor preparation and plain arrogance. George Washington was a man incompetence of New England’s patriot soldiers. who seems to have kept such passions in check — So with Mary, Reed, and Lief Harder leading the expedition, and George Manley, Evan and Adam most of the time. What seems to have exasperated of time in 18th century American life. Look for it his patience were criticisms in the partisan press. in the next issue of The Dispatch. Consider the following passage in his initial draft of his Farewell Address, where Washington let loose a tirade against his critics in the opposition press: “As some of the gazettes of the United States have teemed with all the invective that disappointment, ignorance of facts and malicious falsehoods could invent, to misrepresent my politics and affections; to wound my reputation and feelings; and to weaken, if not entirely destroy the confidence you have been pleased to repose in me; it might be expected at the parting scene of my public life that I should take some notice of such virulent abuse. But, as heretofore, I shall pass them over in utter silence.” Alexander Hamilton, who helped Washington with the drafting, excised the passage. Washington, apparently having vented his spleen, felt the better about it and agreed to leave the bitter words out.

More on “Brown Bess” Mike Ryan, our indefatigable researcher, is on the trail of the usage of “Brown Bess” at the time of the Revolution. Mike has found evidence that the term may have been in use, but perhaps not the way we suppose. It was apparently an affectionate nickname for the soldier’s musket, just as we might today refer to the ancient family automobile as “Old Betsy.” Mike suggests that understood this way, a soldier at the time might well be told by his sergeant, “Shoulder Brown Bess and fall in.” But imagining that soldiers at the time referred to all muskets as “The Brown Bess” would make no more sense than if a historian a hundred years from now held up a photo of a 20th century automobile and told school children that all cars at the time were known as “The Old Betsy.” So what should you call that old musket? Generally, “the King’s Arm” — or if you want to be technical, “Short Land Service Musket New Pattern.” Tales some of the fun out, doesn’t it. Want more of your historic illusions shattered? Ask Mike Ryan about “The Boston Tea Party.”

Time and the Rhythm of Colonial Life An intriguing title, and Mike Ryan has an intriguing essay on the meaning and measurement Time to Steal the Cannons from Fort Ti Jim Kelley is working on the logistics of a summertime expedition to Fort Ticonderoga that eager members of the Lincoln Minute Men are invited to join. More details will be available soon.

Annual Dues: The Envelope, Please Yes, it is that time again. If you have not already sent in your dues check, dig out that envelope we enclosed in the November Dispatch, and stock it full of dough: $15 for individuals, $20 for whole families. Please make your check out to the “The Lincoln Minute Men.” The Company needs your support.

To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For the Time Being… The following slate of officers was elected unanimously at the September muster, to lead the Lincoln Minute Men in the coming year. Captain Steve Humphrey First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn Ensign Adjutant Don Hafner Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy Quartermaster Bill Stason Drum Major Don Hafner Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo Historian Bob Hicks Member-at-Large Camille Groves Member-at-Large Dave White They are pleased to serve, but they also need your encouragement and support. Lots of ways to show that: volunteer without being asked; help arrange programs for musters; turn out for as many events as possible; march in step; learn the manual of arms; pay your dues promptly.

The Eighth Muster of the Season! Remember Tuesday, March 13th, at the Pierce House, 6:30 p.m. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 26 To be Responsible and Useful Citizens by Our Teaching and Example February 2001

“The United States has thirty-two religions but only one dish.” -- Charles Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord, French Foreign Minister, commenting disdainfully on the cuisine of the new United States ______February Muster: Winter Is Waning 2001 at 2:00 p.m. at the Minute Man National Join us Tuesday, February 6th, 7:30 PM for Park Visitor Center, Route 2A, Lexington, the seventh Muster of the 2000-2001 season, at the Massachusetts. For more information, call (978) Pierce House. The Captain has some devilment in 369-6993. mind for this gathering, but he offers only a wry grin when asked. And of course, goodies.

Fifes, Drums, and Curlers? The fifes and drums of the Lincoln Minute Men added to the festivities for the visiting women’s curling team from Scotland, as it began its national tour. The Lincoln musicians greeted the Scots at on opening dinner at the Brookline Country Club and escorted them into the grand hall. Then by popular request, the musicians played a special impromptu concert for the birthday celebration being held in another dining room — including a birthday fife solo by Emily Watson. And for the rounds of curling competition over the next two days, it was Lincoln music that marched the teams on to the ice. The Scots were delighted. Thanks to musicians all: George and Pam General, Don Hafner, Ruth Hodges, John LeClaire, Evan and Adam Hodges- LeClaire, Linda Stokes, Gay Van Ausdall, Emily Watson, and Dave White. And the rules of curling? Well, each side has eight stones which they throw alternately from one end of the sheet toward home at the other end (with the thrower taking care not to cross the hog line), with the hope of gaining a point if their stone is the closest to the button at the completion of an end, unless of course all three of the closest stones are theirs, in which case they get a point for each stone, so … Oh, and remember to bring a broom.

No, They Were the First to Arrive There will be a special lecture on the Algonkian (Native Americans) given by Steven F. Johnson, author of: Ninnuock: The Algonkian People of New England, on Sunday, February 18, Clarity of Purpose Russeting in the Ranks Some sixty-seven years after he participated in Mike Ryan, with his Eagle-eye for the precise the events of April 19, 1775, ninety-one year old historical detail, offers a welcome correction to the Captain Levi Preston of Danvers was asked by a discussion in last month’s newsletter about the young Harvard Divinity student why he fought the Brown Bess. The Dispatch noted a belief by some British that day. “Were you not oppressed by the experts that Brown Bess comes from the technique Stamp Act?” of russeting, which gives steel gun barrels a Preston responded, “I never saw one of those brown, rust-resistant coating, and The Dispatch stamps, and always understood that Governor also noted the opinion of others that russeting was Bernard put them all in Castle William. I am not developed as a technique until after the certain I never paid a penny for one of them.” Revolution. “Well, what then about the tea-tax?” Well, Mike says it ain’t so, and he seems to be Preston replied, “Tea-tax! I never drank a correct. If you want to russet your musket, M.L. drop of the stuff; the boys threw it all overboard.” Brown’s Firearms in Colonial America describes “But, I suppose you have been reading a technique apparently used widely among Harrington, Sidney, and Locke about the eternal colonial gunmakers. Mix one quart rain water, principle of liberty?” half ounce nitric acid, half ounce Spirits of niter, Preston said, “I never heard of these men. The one dram Spirits of wine, one dram tincture of only books we had were the Bible, the Catechism, steel, and 2 drams Bluestone. Seal in a jar and Watts’ psalms and hymns, and the almanacs.” allow to cure for at least one week. Scour the “Well then, what was the matter? And what metal gun parts with emery powder to remove all did you mean in going to the fight?” oil, grease, or fingerprints. Apply a coating of Preston made it clear. “Young man, what we chalk or whiting to absorb any remaining oils. meant in going for those Redcoats was this: we Wipe clean with a rag, taking care never to touch always had governed ourselves, and we always the metal. Apply the russeting solution in even meant to. They didn’t mean we should.” strokes, and stand the metal parts in a warm location for at least 12 hours. As a rust and blue- Other Amusements for the Shack-Happy? green scale develops, “scratch” the metal with a Don’t forget that the Museum of Our National fine steel brush in long strokes, at least thrice Heritage in Lexington has a variety of exhibits and daily, to darken and smooth out the brown color. activities to brighten the days of the whole family, Finish by flushing with boiling water and a coat of throughout the dreary winter. Some are focused boiled linseed oil. on the period of the Revolution, but others range If that mixture of russeting solution sounds across American history. There is an exhibit on foul, just remember the cow-dung poultice that the evolution of the bicycle there now, and one Mike Ryan proposed last year for soothing upcoming on Route 66, The Mother Road of blackpowder burns on the face. Come to think of America. And every weekend, there are lectures it, a colonial source for Spirits of niter was the and programs for young and old. The Museum is urine-soaked earth from barns where cows were located at the corner of Mass. Ave and Route 2A sheltered. We gotta get Mike some new hobbies. in Lexington. For more information, call 781-861-6559. Annual Dues: The Envelope, Please Yes, it is that time again. If you have not already sent in your dues check, dig out that envelope we enclosed in the November Dispatch, and stock it full of dough: $15 for individuals, $20 for whole families. Please make your check out to the “The Lincoln Minute Men.” The Company needs your support. Colonial Lincoln Scandal Redux Perhaps you missed the October Muster where Don Hafner presented the a story of crime and punishment in colonial Lincoln, of Huldah Dudley, punished for her indiscretion “with her own mother’s husband, an old Man of 76 years of age” and sentenced to be set upon the gallows for an hour, to be severely whipped, and for ever after to wear a Capital I. If so, turn to the Jan-Feb 2001 issue of the Town’s own Lincoln Review, which features Hafner’s article on this historical episode. Lots of other engaging articles by your Lincoln neighbors in The Review as well.

To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For The Time Being… The following slate of officers was elected unanimously at the September muster, to lead the Lincoln Minute Men in the coming year. Captain Steve Humphrey First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn Ensign Adjutant Don Hafner Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy Quartermaster Bill Stason Drum Major Don Hafner Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo Historian Bob Hicks Member-at-Large Camille Groves Member-at-Large Dave White They are pleased to serve, but they also need your encouragement and support. Lots of ways to show that: volunteer without being asked; help arrange programs for musters; turn out for as many events as possible; march in step; learn the manual of arms; pay your dues promptly.

The Seventh Muster of the Season! Remember Tuesday, February 6th, at the Pierce House, 7:30 p.m. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 25 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) January 2001

“To educate a man in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to society.” --Theodore Roosevelt ______January Muster: New Year’s Day at The 1775. (Yes, you read that right — the museum is Pierce House — Anytime, Noon to 6 PM apparently short on research staff.) Jim took it Our ever-imaginative Captain has moved the upon himself to have a discussion about this Company’s next Muster from the traditional version of history with the museum. He Tuesday to Monday, January 1st. Read on! subsequently received from them a copy of the Joseph Plumb Martin spent his New Year’s “revised text” that now at least gets the date right. Day in 1779 “starving and freezing.” “Now and Jim’s other adventure was the annual July 5th then we got a little bad bread and salt beef (I celebration on the Isle of Man in the Irish Sea. believe chiefly horse-beef…).” But we can do No, this is not a day-after-the-Fourth, “Good better. The Pierce House will be having an Open Riddance to the Americans” celebration. The Isle House on New Year’s Day for all of Lincoln. was commemorating the 1026th year of the annual The event will feature a string quartet for meeting where its citizens gather in democratic classical music, kids’ activities, dream-up-your- assembly to deliberate and govern themselves. own ice cream sundaes, and warming Naturally, Prince Charles appeared as the Queen’s refreshments from the bar — the kind of representative. Naturally, Jim appeared with “warming” Joseph Plumb Martin would have camera in hand as the Lincoln Minute Men’s understood and appreciated. representative. The Prince was gracious about it So for our January Muster, let’s rub elbows all, and Jim’s photos are glorious. with our neighbors, do a little recruiting, chat Minute Man history and events with the kids, The Dispatch Archive On-Line and simply have good fun. Come in colonial Can’t find that old copy of The Dispatch that garb or modern, but come. Anytime, Noon to 6 you were saving? The one with that tidbit of PM. history you wanted to keep at hand? Well, thanks And look for the Captain. He’ll be standing to the generosity of Neil Feinberg, excerpts from by the fireplace, trying to decide if he likes The Dispatch can be found on The Web. The site drinking Flip. Warm spiced wine, made frothy can be reached as a link from The Lincoln with beaten egg whites and sugar — yummy! Independent, Neil’s on-line “newspaper” for Lincoln events, or you can reach it directly at: Hogan Meets The Prince www.lincoln-ma.com/lmmnewsletter.htm At last month’s muster, Jim Hogan offered a Neil says The Dispatch is one of the most lights and sound presentation on two of his heavily-visited sites that the Town has on-line. He adventures in Great Britain last summer. A visit suspects it has to do with the fact that we use the that Jim found moving and memorable was to word “militia” a lot. Must be a lot of disappointed the museum and the chapel in Lancaster that ‘Net surfers out there in Montana. celebrate the history of the 4th Regiment of Foot, “The King’s Own.” In the 18th century, our You Named Your Musket After Who? predecessors would have had a word for the All right, after whom. We’ve all heard it more array of regimental flags hanging from the than once: “Yeh, I know where the Brown Bess chapel rafters: “awful,” filling one with awe. got its name.” Included in the regiment’s history, according to a In fact, there is no consensus among display in the museum when Jim arrived, was a authorities about how the standard musket in the brief account of the Regiment’s victory in a British army got its name. Some suggest that it pitched battle on Lexington Green on April 11, was from the brown walnut stock. But others assert that the stocks on British muskets were corner of Mass Ave and Route 2A in Lexington. routinely painted or stained black or some gaudy For more information, call 781-861-6559. color. (Cuthbertson’s A System for the Compleat Interior Management and Œconomy of a Battalion of Infantry, published in 1768 by a captain in the 5th Regiment of Foot, recommends a bright red or yellow stain. A battalion armed with yellow muskets must have been something to behold.) Some authorities assert the name came from the technique of russeting, which gives steel gun barrels a brown, rust-resistant coating. But others note that russeting was not developed as a technique until after the Revolution, and that the standard British practice was to keep all metal parts of the musket bright and highly polished. Amos Baker, one of Lincoln’s soldiers at the North Bridge, recalled it that way: “I saw the British troops coming up the road that leads on to the Common at Concord. The sun shone very bright on their bayonets and guns.” As for the name Bess, according to some authorities, it referred to Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603). Precisely why British soldiers in the 1700’s would name their weapon after a monarch who had been dead for over a century is never explained. Another account is that the standard infantry weapon before muskets came along was the bill, a hatchet-like blade on a long pole, referred to by the soldiers as Black Bill. Black Bill / Brown Bess — bawdy encampment humor? (Quiet, Sigmund, we’ve explained it far enough, thank you.) Whatever the origin, the first reference in print to “Brown Bess” appeared in 1785, in a manner indicating that the term was already in wide use at the time of the Revolution.

Other Amusements for the Shack-Happy? Don’t forget that the Museum of Our National Heritage in Lexington has a variety of exhibits and activities to brighten the days of the whole family, throughout the dreary winter. Some are focused on the period of the Revolution, but others range across American history. There is an exhibit on the evolution of the bicycle there now, and one upcoming on Route 66, The Mother Road of America. And every weekend, there are lectures and programs for young and old. The Museum is located at the Annual Dues: The Envelope, Please Yes, it is that time again. If you have not already sent in your dues check, dig out that envelope we enclosed in the November Dispatch, and stock it full of dough: $15 for individuals, $20 for whole families. Please make your check out to the “The Lincoln Minute Men.” The Company needs your support.

To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For The Time Being… The following slate of officers was elected unanimously at the September muster, to lead the Lincoln Minute Men in the coming year. Captain Steve Humphrey First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn Ensign Adjutant Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy Quartermaster Bill Stason Drum Major Don Hafner Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo Historian Bob Hicks Member-at-Large Camille Groves Member-at-Large Dave White They are pleased to serve, but they also need your encouragement and support. Lots of ways to show that: volunteer without being asked; help arrange programs for musters; turn out for as many events as possible; march in step; learn the manual of arms; pay your dues promptly.

The Sixth Muster of the Season! Remember — not Tuesday — Monday, New Years Day, January 1st, at the Pierce House, anytime between Noon and 6 PM. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 24 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) December 2000

“The most plausible [critic of the new Constitution] has even deigned to admit that the election of the President is pretty well guarded. I venture somewhat further, and hesitate not to affirm that if the manner of it be not perfect, it is at least excellent.” --Alexander Hamilton, Federalist No. 68, on the new Constitution’s provisions for selection of the President by an Electoral College. ______Dec. 5th Muster: Comrades in Arms contingent of British and Minute Man companies Join us Tuesday, December 5th, 7:30 PM in 18th century attire. Mike Ryan very graciously for the fifth Muster of the 2000-2001 season, at acknowledged the role played by the Lincoln the Pierce House. The program will feature Jim Minute Men in supporting his efforts to get the Hogan, who with sound, lights, and narrative monument in place. At hand to represent the will provide a tour of the museum he visited this Company were Steve Humphrey, Alan Budreau past summer in Britain, honoring the history of and Diana Hughes, Don Hafner, Mary, Reed, and units that served in the Late and Bloody Contest Lief Harder, Jim Hogan, Peter MacLearn, and Over The Independence of These United Steve McCarthy. Colonies. And of course, goodies. Last Fling Before the Snow Flies New Schedule — Discard the Old One Each year, the Town of Sutton (near All right, so the Constitutional provisions for Worcester) has a “Chain of Lights” celebration, the selection of the President are more perfect when the businesses around the town common than our procedures for drafting the Company’s hold open house, offer refreshments, and vie with events schedule. Complain to James Madison. each other in holiday decorations. Something for Besides, we only made a few minor mistakes. the whole family. This year, the local Enclosed you will find a replacement Revolutionary War militia group will be setting up schedule for the season’s events. To avoid an encampment on the town green, to add some confusion, may we suggest that you remove the historical flavor. They would be delighted to have prior version from the family bulletin board, and other muskets and musicians come join them on reduce it to a pile of chads. Saturday, December 2nd. Sutton is where John LeClaire grew up and Annual Dues: The Envelope, Please where his family still lives, so the considerable Yes, it is that time again. If you have not musical talents of the Hodges-LeClaires (Adam, already sent in your dues check, dig out that Evan, Ruth, and John) will be adding to the envelope we enclosed in the November colonial ambience. They invite others from the Dispatch, and stock it full of dough: $15 for Company to join them in Sutton at 10 AM. As individuals, $20 for whole families. Please make you will recall from past years, early December your check out to the “The Lincoln Minute can be unseasonably mild and pleasant in New Men.” The Company needs your support. England, a last opportunity to enjoy freedom before you have to encase yourself in your Veterans’ Day Dedication Event woolies. On Sunday, November 12th, the Town of If you’d like to join the event, and need Concord dedicated a new stone marker placed details, give Ruth a call at 781-259-1496. near the burial site of the third British soldier who was mortally wounded at the North Bridge Was Lincoln The First To Arrive? on April 19, 1775. The ceremony, presided over No myth should lie beyond scrutiny. It has by Mike Ryan, brought together dignitaries from long been part of the lore and pride of the Lincoln Massachusetts and Great Britain, plus a colorful Minute Men that the Lincoln companies were the first to arrive in Concord on April 19, 1775, to reminds us, when we read history, we know the aid in the defense of liberty. John McLean, ending before we know the beginning, and we whose book A Rich Harvest is a comprehensive forget what it was like to know the beginning and thoroughly engaging history of Lincoln, says only. You and I know the ending, that April 19th it was so: became a watershed date in American history. “Continuing on, Lincoln’s Militia Company But the men standing in idle anxiety in Concord and the Minute Man Company under Captain before that cold April dawn knew the beginning Smith were both in Concord village early in only. And even as the day’s decisive importance the morning. The Lincoln Companies were became apparent to them, they were more likely to the first to reach Concord from another town.” remember those few moments of battle, when their lives were endangered and their neighbors were And back through generations of historians, we slain — not who arrived first that morning. find the same. David Hackett Fischer says it was Yet if we trace through all these histories, we so, in Paul Revere’s Ride (1994): find they all rest at the end on two eye-witness “The British drums were coming closer, but accounts. One was The Rev. William Emerson, still the [Concord] townsmen continued their whose Manse overlooks the North Bridge and who debate [about what action to take]. The men recorded in his diary what he observed that day: of Lincoln arrived, and joined in. One “This morning between 1 & 2 o’clock we were gestured toward the oncoming Regulars and alarmed by the ringing of the bell … [Samuel said, “Let us go and meet them.” Eleazer Prescott] by help of a very fleet horse crossing Brooks of Lincoln answered, “No, it will not several walls and fences arrived at Concord ... do for us to begin the war.” When several posts were immediately Allen French says it was so, in The Day of despatched, that returning confirmed the Lexington and Concord (1925): account of the Regulars arrived at Lexington, & “There were then at the [Concord] square less that they were on their way to Concord. Upon than two hundred men ... including the men this a number of our Minute Men belonging to from Lincoln. These arrived in a body, under the Town & Acton and Lincoln, with several their two captains, Abijah Pierce and William others that were in readiness, marched out to Smith, bringing the rumor that men had been meet them.” killed at Lexington. The Lincoln men, then, The other account comes from Thaddeus Blood, a with the two Concord minute companies 20-year-old member of the Concord militia. (some members being probably absent saving When published in The Boston Advertiser in 1886, the stores) marched down the Lexington it was identified merely as “written at a later Road.” period and found among his papers”: Lemuel Shattuck says it was so, in A History of “About 4 o’clock the several companys of the Town of Concord (1835): Concord were joined by two companies from “Soon afterward the minute-men and militia Lincoln. The malitia commanded by Capt. [of Concord] who had assembled, paraded on Perce (afterwards Col.) & the minute comy by the common; and after furnishing themselves Capt. Wm Smith, the venl & honl Saml Hoar of with ammunition at the court house, marched Lincoln was one of his Leuit. — we were then down below the village in view of the formed, the minute on the right, & Capt. Lexington Road. About the same time a part Barrett’s on the left. & marched in order to the of the minute company from Lincoln, who end of Meriam’s hill then so called. & saw the had been alarmed by Dr. Prescott, came into British troops a coming down Brook’s hill.” town and paraded in a like manner.” Such is the surviving record of the greatest day But was it so? in American history. Is it good enough for We can imagine the difficulties of Lincoln to claim it was first to arrive? If the honor confirming such lore. As one historian wisely were in contention, surely some other town would have stepped forward by now to argue its case. None has ever done so. Lincoln must have been first.

The Fifth Muster of the Season! Remember — Tuesday, December 5th at 7:30 PM at Pierce House. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 23 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) November 2000

“The ablest men in the United States are rarely placed at the head of affairs … democracy not only lacks that soundness of judgment which is necessary to select men really deserving of their confidence, but often have not the desire or the inclination to find them out.” --Alexis DeTocqueville, Democracy in America (1830), Chapter XIII ______Nov. 7th Muster: The Season’s Events Join us Tuesday, November 7th, 7:30 PM for the third Muster of the 2000-2001 season, at the Pierce House. ‘Tis time to plan for the coming year. Enclosed you will find the season’s schedule, as it now stands — ready for the refrigerator door. But there is always room for improvement, and the Captain welcomes discussion at the muster of ways to make our events better, new events the Company might consider, etc. So come join us for a quick review of upcoming events and for goodies. We will have you home in time for the early elections returns, so you can cheer on your favorite candidates and ponder that convoluted puzzle, “If I think it’s wrong to gamble on greyhounds, was I supposed to vote “Yes for Bunnies” on Question 3, or “No Wagers on Wabbits”?

Veterans’ Day Dedication Event On Sunday, November 12th, at 1:30 PM, the Town of Concord will dedicate a new stone marker placed near the burial site of the third British soldier who was mortally wounded at the North Bridge on April 19, 1775. This ceremony will culminate the long labors of Mike Ryan, who researched and located the burial site and then spearheaded the campaign to get a marker in place. (The stone itself came from Lincoln, and the stonecutters who did the engraving are the same who did our two commemorative stones.) The Captain seeks volunteers, muskets and musicians, to help make this event a success for Mike Ryan and Concord. Please assemble at the North Bridge at 1 PM on Sunday. This will be a brief event, but an important one that will include representatives who have come from Great Britain for the ceremony. A reception will follow at the Concord First Parish. Annual Dues: The Envelope, Please Yes, it is that time again. Enclosed you will find an envelope addressed to the Paymaster, ready for your check to cover the annual dues: $15 for individuals, $20 for whole families. As we have done before, we could appeal to your sense of guilt — you enjoy The Dispatch, maybe you even eat the cookies at muster, so shouldn’t you help pay for them? Or we could appeal to your civic spirit — you’re proud that the Minute Men give school presentations to the kiddies and Elder Hostel presentations to visitors from around the globe, so shouldn’t you help support these Company activities? But what the heck, we’ll just use the same appeal offered by the Sons of Liberty in 1775 — pay up or its molasses and feathers and out of town on a rail! Now, have we roused your patriotic zeal? Splendid. Fill the envelope with your check made out to the “The Lincoln Minute Men.” It’s a lot less painful than The Rail.

Elder Hostel Sessions a Success And speaking of Elder Hostels, the Lincoln Minute Men appeared before two visiting groups on Tuesday, Oct. 17th and Thursday, Oct. 26th, to talk about life and events in colonial America. Rick Wiggin was again in fine form with an animated presentation of Longfellow’s poem, Alan Budreau and Mary Harder talked about the musket man’s perspective, Reed and Leif Harder and Adam and Evan LeClaire gave fife and drum duets, Pam General roused lots of questions with her presentation on colonial clothing, and George General, Ruth Hodges, and Don Hafner rounded out the corps with fife and drum and historical interpretation. As always, the audiences were full of kind words and questions. If you haven’t participated in one of these occasions, you are missing good fun. You don’t have to do anything special; just come, enjoy, and learn. Thanks — At The Captain’s Command Sutton is where John LeClaire grew up and However much it may make the Ensign where his family still lives, so the considerable Adjutant blush, the Captain wished to musical talents of the Hodges-LeClaires (Adam, acknowledge Don Hafner’s presentation on Evan, Ruth, and John) will be adding to the “Crime and Punishment in Colonial Lincoln” at colonial ambience. They invite others from the the last muster, so he has commanded that the Company to join them in Sutton at 10 AM. As you following be included in this Dispatch: “Don, will recall from past years, early December can be thanks from all who attended your session on unseasonably mild and pleasant in New England, a Huldah Dudley. Your contributions, your last opportunity to enjoy freedom before you have detailed research, your quips, and your to encase yourself in your woolies. perspective are what make the Lincoln Minute If you’d like to join the event, and need details, Men so special to me and to the rest of the give Ruth a call at 781-259-1496. company.” The Adjutant is appropriately bright pink. To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For The Time Being… Lincoln Green at Sudbury Faire The following slate of officers was elected Lincoln was there! For the first time in its unanimously at the September muster, to lead the history, the music corps of the Lincoln Minute Lincoln Minute Men in the coming year. Men participated in the annual Muster of fifes and drums sponsored by Sudbury at the Captain Steve Humphrey Wayside Inn on September 30th. This is a “by First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn invitation only” event, and Lincoln was on the Ensign Adjutant playbill along with some of the nation’s best fife Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy and drum groups. The weather was glorious, Quartermaster Bill Stason the autumn colors splendid, the crowd Drum Major Don Hafner appreciative, and by all accounts, the Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo performance by the Lincoln fifers and drummers Historian Bob Hicks drew compliments all around. Great fun and a Member-at-Large Camille Groves fine culmination to long hours of work by Member-at-Large Dave White George General, Ruth Hodges, John LeClaire, They are pleased to serve, but they also need your Fred Richardson, Ben Soule, Linda Stokes, Gay encouragement and support. Lots of ways to show VanAusdall, Emily Watson, Dave White, and that: volunteer without being asked; help arrange Don Hafner. Mary Harder proudly carried the programs for musters; turn out for as many events guidon, so all would know that the Lincoln as possible; march in step; learn the manual of Minute Men were on stand. If you’d like to see arms; pay your dues promptly. pictures, just ask. The Third Muster of the Season! Last Fling Before the Snow Flies Remember — Tuesday, November 7th at Each year, the Town of Sutton (near 7:30 PM at Pierce House. See you there! Worcester) has a “Chain of Lights” celebration, when the businesses around the town common hold open house, offer refreshments, and vie with each other in holiday decorations. Something for the whole family. This year, the local Revolutionary War militia group will be setting up an encampment on the town green, to add some historical flavor. They would be delighted to have other muskets and musicians come join them on Saturday, December 2nd. THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 22 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) October 2000

“In New England, where education and liberty are the daughters of morality and religion, where society has acquired age and stability enough to enable it to form principles and hold fixed habits, the common people are accustomed to respect intellectual and morality superiority [in their leaders].… In New England, consequently, democracy makes a more judicious choice than it does elsewhere.” --DeTocqueville, Democracy in America (1830), pondering why “The ablest men in the United States are rarely placed at the head of affairs.” ______October 3rd Muster: Scandal in Lincoln Join us Tuesday, Oct. 3rd, 7:30 PM for the second Muster of the 2000-2001 season, at the Pierce House. Don Hafner will fill in the details of a story of crime and punishment in colonial Lincoln, of Hannah Dudley, punished for her indiscretion “with her own mother’s husband, an old Man of 76 years of age” and sentenced to be set upon the gallows for an hour, to be severely whipped, and for ever after to wear a Capital I. A window on intriguing aspects of colonial life. But given the nature of the crime, parental guidance suggested. Come join us for the program and goodies. We will have you back home in time for the Presidential Debate at 9 PM.

To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For The Time Being… The following slate of officers was elected unanimously at the September muster, to lead the Lincoln Minute Men in the coming year. Captain Steve Humphrey First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn Ensign Adjutant Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy Quartermaster Bill Stason Drum Major Don Hafner Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo Historian Bob Hicks Member-at-Large Camille Groves Member-at-Large Dave White They are pleased to serve, but they also need your encouragement and support. Lots of ways to show that: volunteer without being asked; help arrange programs for musters; turn out for as many events as possible; march in step; learn the manual of arms. And When at Last the Day Is Done … to commemorate the British soldiers buried in For years, the Rev. Harold Bend Sedgewick Lincoln. Later the ceremony was extended to brought dignity and grace to the Gravesite honor the Patriots buried nearby. From the very Ceremony of the Lincoln Minute Men. So it is beginning, Rev. Sedgewick was a participant. He with the sadness of great loss that we report thought this Lincoln event was an important ritual, The Rev. Sedgewick died Sunday, August 27th, and until recently when his health began to fail, he of a heart attack. He was 92 years old. never missed the occasion across the span of 30 The resonant and accented voice with which years. It was his inspiration to add a reading of Rev. Sedgewick performed the burial rite over Rupert Brooke’s poem, The Soldier, to the the graves of the five British soldiers in Lincoln ceremony. April in New England is a capricious was always stirring. It was a voice and a month. Yet rain or sun, warm or chill, with ceremony, one could imagine, that the soldiers unwavering timelessness, Rev. Sedgewick’s steady themselves would have recognized and found voice could be heard. comforting. The voice was in fact from St. Paul, Minnesota. Rev. Sedgewick attended If I should die, think only this of me: Phillips Exeter Academy and then Harvard That there’s some corner of a foreign field College, Class of 1930. He studied for the That is for ever England. ministry at the Episcopal Theological School in For The Reverend Harold Bent Sedgewick, his Cambridge — on the River Charles, not the corner of a field shall be in Stockbridge, Cam. He was ordained in 1935. Harvard Massachusetts. His life touched us all. football remained an enduring passion of his, and with satisfaction, he wrote in his 50th Elder Hostel Season anniversary Harvard class report: “I am amused The Lincoln Minute Men will be appearing to recall the foolish prank in our junior year before visiting Elder Hostel groups on Tuesday, when some of us tore down the goal posts in the Oct. 17th and Thursday, Oct. 26th, to talk about Yale Bowl, and felt for the first time the honor life and events in colonial America. Assemble at and loyalty of being Harvard men. I have no 6:45 PM, march on at 7 PM, march off to cookies regrets, and would like to do it again.” and friendly chat at 8 PM. Volunteers are Rev. Sedgewick was canon of St. Paul’s welcomed for these thoroughly enjoyable sessions. Cathedral in downtown Boston from 1962 to No experience required — you’ll learn while 1975, when he retired 40 years after being doing. Please contact Don Hafner (617-489-2539). ordained. He had previously been rector of All Saints’ Church in Brookline, an assistant Fundays in the Park with Billy minister of Christ Church in Cambridge, and Two upcoming events of note in Minute Man rector at Emmanuel Church in the Back Bay. National Historical Park. On Saturday, October The Rev. Sedgewick was also chaplain general 14, from 7:30 - 9 PM, Hartwell Tavern will feature of the Descendants of Signers of the Declaration its “Heroes of the Battle Road” program, by candle of Independence, chaplain of the Massachusetts and lantern light, with the appearance of such Society of Founders and Patriots, and a member historical characters as Capt. William Smith (with of the Boston Athenaeum. About retirement, he the face of Mike Ryan), Mary and Elizabeth once wrote, “A minister, one who deals with the Hartwell, Ephraim Hartwell, British soldiers, a human equation, like a doctor or lawyer, is rover and musicians. Very popular and back by never really permitted to retire.” And so he public demand! Mother Nature will provide a full remained active, lecturing, writing, and moon for the event. preaching during the summers at an Episcopal And on Saturday, October 28, at 7 - 9 PM, there church on Lake Sunapee that he helped establish will again be a “Hartwell Halloween” for the in the 1950s. young at heart, with readings and tales of New The annual Gravesite Ceremony by the England ghosts, told by firelight, at Hartwell Lincoln Minutemen was established by Henry Tavern and the Barn. Rugo in 1968. Originally, it was only an event The Captain at Amesbury “We are pleased today to fulfill that obligation. On September 17, 2000, a delegation of Capt. Pettingell’s drum has once again come home Capt. Steve Humphrey, Alan Budreau, and Don to Amesbury.” Hafner returned John Mason Pettingell’s historic Spanish-American War drum to the No Left & Right? No Right & Wrong? Town of Amesbury, to be displayed in their Pairs of shoes at the time of the Revolution Bartlett Museum. At the ceremony, the Captain were made to a common pattern, with no made the following remarks: distinction between left foot and right. A farming “This historic drum is perhaps not family in need of shoes might save leather from its distinguished in appearance, now more than a own animals and wait for a traveling shoemaker to century after it was last played and worn by the arrive. Especially if he was Scottish, the ravages of time. It is certainly far less shoemaker might still call himself by the old term impressive than the life of John Mason of cordwainer (cordwain was a corruption of Pettingell, the man to whom this drum was Cordovan, a fine leather used for elegant shoes), or given as a token of honor by the soldiers he more colloquially as a “cat whipper” (stitching commanded in the Spanish-American War. leather with waxed thread was called “whipping “Yet you should know that a drum has a the cat”). Whatever he called himself, the traveling hallowed place in the life of a soldier — and this shoemaker would not have wanted to carry two is something Capt. Pettingell would have different wooden forms (lasts) for each sized pair. understood, when he accepted this treasured gift A double set of lasts would have been an from the troops he commanded in Cuba. It is inconvenience, even if the shoemaker worked in said that for a soldier, the voice of the drum was his own shop, or in one of the great shoe like the voice of his mother — it was the first “manufactories” in Boston or Lynn that together sound he heard at dawn, the last he heard at produced more than 80,000 pairs of shoes annually nightfall. The soldier learned from the subtle by the time of the Revolution. (Edwin Tunis, inflections of the drum’s voice when he would Colonial Craftsmen, has details about many such be fed, or bathed, or summoned for orders, or trades, if you’d like to learn more.) chastised, or assembled for entertainment — or The practice of making a left and a right shoe endangered in battle. And when the carnage of was adopted in Britain around 1785 and found its battle carried a soldier’s comrades away, it was way to America soon after. First, remove the boot the muffled voice of the drum that comforted of British oppression, then get new shoes. Clever, and soothed him on the long march to the these Americans. burying ground. You and I might hear the beat of the drum as a discordant and irritating noise What’s In A Name? — but for the soldier, it was the pulse of his life. Pieces of history, small and large, often find “And now, ‘the war drum throbs no longer, their way into the names parents give to their and the battle flags are furled.’ John Mason children. Consider the name Peleg. Had you Pettingell’s drum returned with him from Cuba, wandered the dirt paths of colonial villages in New and back to Amesbury, in 1899. When Capt. England around 1630, you might have met several Pettingell died in 1901, the drum passed to his men with this first name, especially among the son, also named John, and from his son to his families who founded Rhode Island. Yet by the granddaughter, Anne Pettingell Satterfield, who 1700s, it was mostly old men and not children who has lived for many decades in Lincoln. And by carried the name. The 17th century version of the this chain of succession, the drum came as a gift Jennifer/Jason fad? Perhaps not. to the Lincoln Minute Men. When Capt. In the 5th century, a British monk got into Pettingell’s drum passed into the hands of the trouble with the Pope for heretical ideas, for which Lincoln Minute Men, we took up the obligation he was condemned and excommunicated. His to place it once again into the care of those for latinized name was Pelagius (after the biblical whom it would have special meaning, as a token Peleg, great-great grandson of Noah), and his of loyalty, and service, and sacrifice. motive was to encourage greater moral behavior among Christians by affirming the essential goodness of human nature and the ability to achieve salvation by deliberate choice between good and evil. These teachings, however, called into question the Vatican’s doctrine of original sin and the necessity of infant baptism. The theological details perhaps mattered less than that Pelagius was a Briton and had defied Rome. (Even among Protestants, these doctrinal points were very contentious.) By the 1630s, the policies of King Charles I favoring Catholicism were inducing English Protestants to flee to America. Peleg as a child’s name was no doubt an appealing form of Protestant defiance. Britain soon collapsed into religious war and then the dictatorship of Cromwell. When the monarchy was finally restored in 1688 and Protestantism secured, the name lost its defiant significance. The Book of Genesis says the original Peleg lived 239 years, but his name did not. It echoed for a while longer, as sons received the first name of their fathers. Then it died away, and with it a reminder of the history that forged America.

The Second Muster of the Season! Remember — Tuesday, October 3rd at 7:30 PM at Pierce House. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 21 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) September 2000

“If you love wealth greater than liberty, the tranquility of servitude greater than the animating contest for freedom, go home from us in peace. We seek not your counsel, nor your arms. Crouch down and lick the hand that feeds you; and posterity forget that you were our countrymen.” -- Samuel Adams, speech, Old South Meeting House, 1775 ______September 5th Muster: Annual Elections Parade Sunday, Sept. 10 — for $$$ Join us Tuesday, Sept. 5th, 7:30 PM for the As you know, the Company has expenses for first Muster of the 2000-2001 season, at the those activities we all enjoy but are not covered by Pierce House. The Company will hold its members’ dues. This is your opportunity to annual elections, and organize for the support the group. The Company has a paid Watertown Parade on Sunday, Sept. 10. And appearance in Watertown’s Millennium Parade, the Captain needs your guidance and innovative Sunday Sept. 10, and the Captain requires your ideas for the coming season. Plus, this will be public-spirited participation. your chance to show off your vacation suntan We muster at 1 PM at the corner of Mount and your snapshots. And to get the Captain to Auburn Street and Grove Street. Parking is tell you about the jungles of Guatemala, where available at the Tufts Health Plan parking lot at that he spent his vacation. intersection. (You need to approach the parking lot As is traditional, goodies will magically from the south, along Grove Street from the appear (and just as magically disappear). Come direction of Arsenal and Coolidge Streets.) The join us. parade is 2 miles long and ends at Main and Westminster Street. There is parking at the end of To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, the parade route, if you want to stash a car there. For The Time Being… This should be grand fun. The brisk air of The Nominating Committee offers for the autumn, a grand boulevard for marching, lots of Company’s consideration a slate of candidates appreciative spectators, and an opportunity to do to lead the Lincoln Minute Men. They are: your share to benefit the Company.

Captain Steve Humphrey Elder Hostel Season First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn Yes, we are in demand again, for programs to Ensign Adjutant the visiting groups at Elder Hostel in Lincoln. The Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy dates thus far are Tuesday, Oct. 17th and Thursday, Quartermaster Bill Stason Oct. 26th. March on at 7 PM, march off to cookies Drum Major Don Hafner and friendly chat at 8 PM. If you’d like to join Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo these thoroughly enjoyable sessions, to talk about Historian Bob Hicks the times and troubles of the American Revolution, Member-at-Large Camille Groves contact Don Hafner (617-489-2539). Member-at-Large Dave White Elections will be held at the September Muster, “ Till the war drum throbbed no longer, and the and consistent with the By-Laws, the floor will battle flags were furled …” be open for additional nominations, if members Years ago, the Company was given a snare wish to put other candidates forward. drum that was carried in the Spanish-American The Captain expresses his thanks to the War by the 8th Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry members of the Nominating Committee — Rick and presented to Capt. John Mason Pettingell at Wiggin, Camille Groves, and Larry Zuelke — Matanzas, Cuba, in 1899. As pleased as we were for their energy in recruiting candidates. to have such a remarkable relic, we knew it would have more significance for a group with a historical connection to the drum. And at the end of a At the Company muster on October 3rd, Don long search, we found that Capt. John M. Hafner will fill in the details of this story of crime Pettingell was originally from Amesbury, and and punishment in colonial Lincoln. There is more that the Amesbury Historical Society would be of historical and human interest in the tale than just delighted to give the drum a prominent place in juicy gossip — although it does have a surprise their collection. So on Sunday, September 17th, ending. Given the nature of the crime, parental Capt. Steve Humphrey and a contingent of guidance suggested. Minute Men will transfer the drum formally to Amesbury’s Bartlett Museum, at a ceremony Lincoln Green at Sudbury Faire during Amesbury’s Harvest Festival. Each year, Sudbury hosts an autumn Faire at The saga of the drum and John M. Pettingell the Wayside Inn, with colonial arts and crafts and is a touching reminder of a vexed episode in sutlers, and featuring an afternoon of musical American history. Spain declared war on the presentations by invited groups of fife and drum. United States on April 24, 1898, and within a This year, for the first time in the Company’s week, Pettingell’s volunteer company mustered history (we believe), the fifers and drummers of the at Amesbury and boarded a train for the trip Lincoln Minute Men have been asked to perform. south. It was a long journey to Cuba. First two The date is Saturday, September 30th. There is lots weeks training in Framingham, then more to amuse the whole family, and the musicians training in Chattanooga, then on to Kentucky, would certainly be grateful for a friendly face or a then to Georgia. Finally in January 1899, they dozen in the crowd. That’s Sudbury, not embarked by ship for Cuba — after Spain had Scarborough Faire — but parsley, sage, rosemary, already surrendered. Pettingell served with the and thyme, they’re all Lincoln green, aren’t they? occupation forces in Cuba for three months, and although a very reserved man, he won the Vinegar? To Ferment a Revolution? affection of his troops. The snare drum and a Those who have read Joseph Plumb Martin’s diamond ring were among the tokens of regard memoir of his eight years in the Continental Army given to him when his company’s year of will know how much the task of finding food voluntary service was over. Pettingell returned consumed Martin’s attention. The image of the to Amesbury, but during his military service, he ever-hungry soldier in Washington’s army was had lost his business position and had run up true. Odd to the modern taste is the prominence of substantial debts. His efforts to start over again vinegar in the diet of those Revolutionary soldiers were hampered by recurring illness, perhaps — or sour complaints about its absence. Seems resulting from his time in Cuba. In June, 1901, hard to believe soldiers would complain so acidly he struggled for three days against a relapse, and about not having vinegar, if it was just something then died at the age of 39, leaving a wife and added for flavor. Perhaps it helps to know that four children. His grandaughter, Anne around 1700, new ideas about nutrition arose in Pettingell Satterfield, settled in Lincoln, and it Europe. Foods were classified into three groups — was through her that John Pettingell’s drum labeled Salt, Sulfur, and Mercury — and good came into the hands of the Lincoln Minute Men. nutrition was believed to require all three in each At long last, it will be returning home. meal. The soldier’s bread fell into the Salt category, his butter and lard into the Sulfur group, “ To Be Set Upon The Gallows … and to make this nutritionally complete, vinegar or Remember the 1759 Boston-Newsletter item wine could fill the Mercury category. about Hannah Dudley of Lincoln? Punished for So perhaps soldiers thought of their vinegar not her indiscretion “with her own mother’s like ketchup, but in the way we think of vitamins? husband, an old Man of 76 years of age” and Was this the cause of their acetic complaints? sentenced to be set upon the gallows for an hour, to be severely whipped, and for ever after The First Muster of the Season! to wear a Capital I? Remember — Tuesday, September 5th at 7:30 PM at Pierce House. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 20 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) July 2000

“Why did you not support me with your men, General?” “I could not drive the dogs up.” “If you could not drive them up, you might have led them up.” -- Col. William Prescott, asking General Israel Putnam why Putnam’s reinforcements had failed to arrive for the Battle of Bunker Hill ______July Muster: We’re Having a Parade! (George General, Dave White, and Fred Come join us for the next Muster, and the Richardson on the fife). Steve McCarthy, Mary last of the season, Tuesday, July 4th, 9:45 AM Harder, Bob Hicks, Jim Hogan, Steve Humphrey in the Smith School parking lot. We will form also attended. Company earned $500 (paid in full up and parade through the roads of Lincoln, to to Steve McCarthy already).” celebrate the 225th anniversary of the start of And they say George Washington was laconic. the American Revolution. Lincoln’s Parade has it all — noise, laughter, community spirit, a No, No, George, Exit Stage Left, Left! reading of the Declaration, and the Lincoln In 1988, WGBH-TV filmed a documentary at Minute Men. the Codman Farm about the rigors of the Revolution, and several Lincoln Minute Men You Do Make A Difference “starred” in the film. Does anyone have a tape of We have the following words of that ‘GBH-TV program? If so, would you contact appreciation from the Selectmen of Lincoln, Don Hafner, Ensign Adjutant, at 617-489-2539 or Roz Delori, John Kerr, and Sara Mattes: [email protected]. Maybe we can show it at a “We write with belated thanks for your muster. many efforts to remind Lincoln and its residents about some of the important aspects of our Calumny, Sir! Calumny and Slander! town’s history. It has been recklessly remarked in the lanes and “Thanks for your many efforts to frame alleys that several participants in the Battle Road things in historical context. Thanks for the Skirmish and the schools and ElderHostel visits Lincolnesque scale of your reenactments. were omitted from a prior issue of the Dispatch Thanks for your work with the schools, your because the editor had a lapse of memory, a work on the two commemorative rocks, and for blanking of recall, a loss of mind. ‘Tis nothing to your many efforts to narrate and accurately it! We remember vividly that Fred Richardson and interpret the events you were reenacting. George and Pam General participated in the “We appreciate all you have done this schools program, that Ruth Hodges, Evan and Spring. Please pass our thanks along to all your Adam Hodges-LeClaire, John LeClaire, Kirsten members.” White, and Reed Harder were Interpreters for the Skirmish, that Steve Humphrey, George and Pam And a Difference to Clinton (The Town) General, Don Hafner, Mary and Reed Harder, Ruth The Captain, with customary brevity and Hodges, Evan and Adam Hodges-LeClaire, and pith, reported on the Company’s appearance at Rich Meyers appeared for the ElderHostel sessions the 150th anniversary parade for the Town of in April and May. We simply chose to give them Clinton, in these words: special notice here. Such malignity should not pass “Clinton Parade was huge. Two mile unrebutted!! Now — where was I? course, temperatures were scalding, dozens of floats. Reed Harder carried the guideon, Larry And What Do the Children Say? Zuelke played Sgt. Major! Music was great Often after our school programs, the At the battle of Yorktown, Thomas Nelson Jr., children write us letters of thanks, with noted that the British General Cornwallis had taken comments about what impressed them during over the Nelson home for his headquarters. He our visits. The historic lessons are what proves quietly urged General George Washington to open most vivid for the kids, but we also apparently fire. The home was destroyed, and Nelson died make some impressions we don’t anticipate. bankrupt. We quote here a few choice remarks from the Francis Lewis had his home and properties Hanscom 3rd graders we visited last April. destroyed. The enemy jailed his wife, and she died “Dear Minute Men, I hope you get your within a few months. orders right before the next big war.” John Hart was driven from his wife’s bedside Ryan. as she was dying. Their 13 children fled for their “Dear Minute Men, The minute men wore lives. His fields and his gristmill were laid to dull clothes.” John C. waste. For more than a year he lived in forests and “Dear Lincoln Minute Men, You were lucky caves, returning home to find his wife dead and his to have us as an audience.” Katlyn. children vanished. A few weeks later he died from You’re right, Katlyn — we are very lucky. exhaustion and a broken heart. Such were the stories and sacrifices of the And Our Sacred Honor American Revolution. These were not wild-eyed, Have you ever wondered what happened to rabble-rousing ruffians. They were soft-spoken the 56 men who signed the Declaration of men of means and education. They had security, Independence? but they valued liberty more. Standing tall, Five signers were captured by the British as straight, and unwavering, they pledged: “For the traitors, and tortured before they died. Twelve support of this declaration, with firm reliance on had their homes ransacked and burned. Two the protection of the divine providence, we lost their sons serving in the Revolutionary mutually pledge to each other, our lives, our Army; another had two sons captured. Nine of fortunes, and our sacred honor.” the 56 fought and died from wounds or They gave you and me a free and independent hardships of the Revolutionary War. America. Some of us take these liberties so much They signed and they pledged their lives, for granted, but we shouldn’t. their fortunes, and their sacred honor. What So, take a few minutes while enjoying your 4th kind of men were they? of July holiday and silently thank these patriots. Twenty-four were lawyers and jurists. It’s not much to ask for the price they paid. Eleven were merchants, nine were farmers and [Received via eCourier, author (and accuracy) large plantation owners; men of means, well unknown] educated. But they signed the Declaration of Independence knowing full well that the penalty And What About Him ? would be death if they were captured. The following item appeared in The Boston Carter Braxton of Virginia, a wealthy Newsletter on August 16, 1759 (edited here for planter and trader, saw his ships swept from the family viewing): seas by the British Navy. He sold his home and “At the Superior Court held last week in properties to pay his debts, and died in rags. Cambridge, one Hannah Dudley of Lincoln was Thomas McKean was so hounded by the convicted of repeatedly committing Ad-----y and British that he was forced to move his family For------n with her own mother’s husband, an old almost constantly. He served in the Congress Man of 76 years of age. She was sentenced to be without pay, and his family was kept in hiding. set upon the Gallows for the space of one Hour, His possessions were taken from him, and with a Rope about her Neck, and the other end cast poverty was his reward. over the Gallows, and in the way from thence to Vandals or soldiers looted the properties of the Common Gaol, that she be severely whipped 30 Ellery, Hall, Clymer, Walton, Gwinnett, stripes, and that she for ever after wear a Capital I Heyward, Rutledge, and Middleton. of two inches long and proportionate bigness cut out in Cloth of a different Colour to her Cloaths, and sewed upon her upper Garment on the outside of her arm, or on her Back, in Open View.” Are you intrigued by this tale of morals and justice in colonial Lincoln? Would you like to know more of the story?

The Last Muster of the Season! The season’s last muster will be held on Tuesday, July 4th at 9:45 AM at the Smith School parking lot. We will celebrate with a parade on the streets of Lincoln! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 19 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) June 2000

“One wishes to fight a more reputable enemy than these scoundrels, for one only dirties one’s fingers by meddling with them.” --Lord Rawdon, British officer, commenting about the American army facing his troops at the Battle of Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775 ______June Muster: Prisoners Exchanged with “Thank you so very much for the great honor British at Charlestown; Patriots Freed the Lincoln Minute Men gave me of participating Come join us for the next Muster, Tuesday, in the Graveside Ceremony this past Saturday. The June 6th, 7:30 PM at the Pierce House. On story of Mary Hartwell is, on its own, extremely June 6, 1775, American and British officers met touching. The fact that 225 years later, the Town at Charlestown to exchange prisoners taken by of Lincoln is still intent on these British soldiers both sides on April 19th. To celebrate the being honored in death, with the same degree of event, come exchange pleasantries with your ceremony as you accord the Colonial patriots, pays comrades in ranks, and liberate a few patriotic tribute to the memory of Mary Hartwell and to the munchies. Unlimited grog will be supplied by townsfolk of Lincoln as much ... if not more. the Captain (minus the rum, of course!) “Again, my thanks and my very best wishes.”

Lincoln in the Hudson Memorial Parade Present at the Creation It was a very touching celebration. A march We reprint here the full text of newspaper through the center of town. Flags for every coverage for the first gethering of the modern fallen soldier, carried by the town’s children. Lincoln Minute Men in 1966 — a photo caption: State and local dignitaries with commemorative “Displaying Lincoln Minute Men gear was Dr. E. remarks. The Gettysburg Address read in firm Donlon Rooney, of Old Bedford Road, at the first voice by a Boy Scout. The original 1868 muster of the Lincoln Minute Men, March 26 at proclamation establishing what was then Town Hall.” And there in the front row, devilishly Decoration Day, recited by two Girl Scouts. handsome in his bow tie, is a dashing Henry Rugo. The National Anthem sung in a tenor’s soaring Following the muster in October, 1966, the notes. A musket salute as wreaths were placed. newspaper reported: “At the last meeting a uniform And there were the Lincoln Minute Men, was adopted. It will consist of Lincoln green providing a historic link to our Nation’s homespun trousers and vest with brass buttons, a Founding — and all the marching music — in white shirt, and a tricorne hat. … Henry Rugo, the Town of Hudson’s Memorial Day Parade. head of the Equipment Committee, will take orders The Captain expresses his gratitude to those for Belgium-made muskets.” stalwarts who helped make the day special for In December, 1966, Quartermaster Ron Davis Hudson (and who helped the Company pay its sent out a letter (with 5¢ postage), seeking $30 bills through this paid event). Those stalwarts from each member, to purchase uniform materials were: Steve Humphrey, Don Hafner, Ruth and other equipment. If you are wondering, in Hodges, Tim Hays, Jim Hogan, John LeClaire, today’s dollars that would be a contribution of Peter MacLearn, Wayne Mount, Fred $159. Frannie Powers recorded the expense of Richardson, Bob Schudy, Bill Stason, Gay having his uniform sewed: the shirt $7 ($37 in VanAusdall, David White, and Rick Wiggin. today’s term), the vest $8 ($42), and the pants $20 ($106). Adding the cost of material, that’s about United by a Common Ocean … $300 in all. ‘Tis true — the Founders paid a We have received a gracious note of thanks heavier price for patriotism. Of course, Frannie is from Mr. Jeremy Wailes of the local British still wearing that same shirt. Officers Club, which we quote in part. “ He is styled ... ‘a man of color’” Some years ago, a member of the Company stopped at the old Lincoln cemetery and found there Margaret and Warren Flint, placing flowers at the graves of remembered ancestors. Conversation turned to Sippio Brister, the slave and soldier of the Revolution who is buried in the cemetery. Margaret Flint began a story. A woman of Lincoln, the wife of John Hoar, was traveling to Boston by carriage to do her shopping. Near the city, she encountered a black woman beside the road who offered to give away her infant son, to be raised by the Lincoln woman. The Lincoln woman replied that if the mother were still at the side of the road at the end of the day when she had completed her shopping, she would take the infant. And she did. The boy was given the name Brister Hoar and was held as a slave — he named himself Sippio Brister only after he gained his freedom. Told in a country cemetery filled with the sun and cheer of Spring, this seemed a cruel tale of an inhuman bargain between two women. But not long after, our member of the Company found this in Carol Berkin’s book about women in colonial America: “Urban slave women [in the North] had little hope of creating a family that could remain intact. Slaveholdings [by urban whites] were too small for a woman to choose a husband from within the household, and few urban colonists were willing to shoulder the costs of raising a slave child in their midst. Rural slaveholders could set a slave’s child to work in the garden or field, but in the cities, youngsters were simply a drain on resources and living space. At least one master preferred to sell his pregnant slave rather than suffer having her child underfoot. Other masters solved the problem of an extra mouth to feed by selling infants — or, in one case, giving his slave’s baby away. … In Boston, a pregnant slave woman and her husband chose to commit suicide rather than endure the dissolution of their family. Urban slave women who were allowed to keep their children often lost them quickly. Communicable diseases and cramped quarters combined in deadly fashion in every household in 18th century colonial cities, but black infant mortality rates were two to three times higher than white.” Massachusetts courts ended slavery in 1783. Hold That Date — Time to Pay the Piper As you know, the Company has expenses The season’s tenth muster will be held on for those activities we all enjoy but are not Tuesday, the 6th of June at 7:30 PM at Pierce covered by members’ dues. This is your House. We look forward to seeing you! opportunity to have fun while supporting the group. The Company has obliged itself for several paid appearances, and the Captain requires your public-spirited participation. Sunday, June 25: 150th Anniversary Parade in Clinton, MA — 2 PM (we will carpool from Pierce House at 11:30 AM). Sunday, Sept 10: Watertown Millennium 2000 Parade, Watertown, MA — 2 PM. Saturday, Nov 11: Veterans Day Parade in Hudson, MA — details later.

Maybe you cannot do all of these — but at least volunteer for two.

Don’t Fire Till You See the Tans on Their Faces Rich and Gail Meyers have now established a new Lincoln Minute Man encampment in Orlando, Florida — in temporary digs while construction of their house is being completed. They would be delighted to hear from any and all, and can be reached most reliably via their email address: [email protected]. Rich promises an item for the Dispatch from time to time. You’ll remember his style when you read it. Gail has graciously posted photos of our Gravesite Ceremony on their website, at: http://members.aol.com/rcm3762/pictures

Plus Some Fun — Hold These Dates Hey, it ain’t all work! We have some other events to brighten up the coming months. Tuesday, July 4th: Lincoln’s own glorious Town Parade — assemble at the Smith School parking lot at 9:45 AM. The Fourth is never better than in Lincoln. July 11-14th: Sail Boston 2000 — Yes, we have an invitation aboard a Tall Ship. Sit tight, more news later.

The Tenth Muster of the Season! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 19 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) May 2000

“They have served us well, and we shall miss them from our ranks. They go with our best wishes.” --the Captain, expressing the Company’s appreciation to Rich and Gail Meyers, who are moving to Florida in May ______May Muster: Gettin’ Stir Crazy? Holly Phelps’ coordination, members of the The relentless rain (and snow!) getting to Company appeared in five Lincoln and Wayland you by now? Looking for an escape from the schools, to present programs on colonial life and encampment? How does some hot cocoa, the events of the Revolution. Listing all those maybe a crackling log or two in the fireplace, who participated risks omitting someone, but and some reminiscences about the adventures of we’ll make a try at it anyway, because they April appeal to you? Come join us for the next deserve recognition: Alan Budreau, Don Muster, Tuesday, May 2nd, 7:30 PM at the Hafner, Mary Harder, Reed Harder, Ruth Pierce House. Mike Ryan will be there to talk Hodges, Steve Humphrey, Adam LeClaire, about cracking the mystery of where the third Evan LeClaire, Wayne Mount, Holly Phelps, British soldier from the battle at the North Rick Wiggin, and Larry Zuelke. In all, Bridge was buried. The Captain invites members of the Company visited with 40 suggestions and constructive critique of our classes, ranging from 3rd to 7th grade — a total recent events, while memories are fresh. And of almost 800 students. Exhausting, yes. there will be goodies. Rewarding, absolutely!

Ah, We Were Grand, Were We Not? We Have Many and Generous Friends Once again, the Lincoln Minute Men were This season, the Company took on extra apparently the largest colonial militia group in activities, to celebrate the 225th anniversary of the Concord Parade. The Concord Celebrations April 19, 1775. Thanks to Wayne Mount’s Committee paid us their compliments by placing indefatigable efforts, for instance, the Capture of us in the first division of the parade — which Paul Revere was re-enacted in vivid color and meant that when that bit of confusion occurred dazzling horsemanship. To meet the added at the Bridge, there we were, front and center, expense, the Company sent an appeal to the for the formal ceremonies. Word comes back to community. And the community responded us that the dignitaries were actually pleased that generously with contributions. These are our we ended up where we were not supposed to be. Friends of the Lincoln Minute Men. When you We looked sharp, we were colonial, and with next see them, give a hearty Huzzah. our array of families in the ranks, we affirm that Kate Culver important traditions from our nation’s history Robert and Eliana DeNormandie will be passed to future generations. Derek and Eleanor Fitzgerald And the crowds seemed pleased. More than Henry Flint once during the week’s events, a murmur was Robert and Velma Frank heard at curbside: “Who are those guys in Charles and Florence Freed green?” We’re Lincoln! Robert and Kathleen Garner George and Daphne Hatsopoulos And Speaking of Future Generations Mary Klem Marching in parades is splendid good fun, Frank Lane but keeping alive the memory of the original Lazaros Lazaridis Minute Men and their contribution to American Thomas Leggat liberty is the command of our Charter. With Sara Mattes June Matthews Hold That Date — Time to Pay the Piper Katherine McHugh Despite the generosity of Friends of the Linda Svetz Lincoln Minute Men, the Company still must do Robin Mount and Mark Szpak some things to replenish the coffers. As you John and Mary Terrell might guess, neither the annual dues nor the Ruth Williams extra gifts can completely cover what the Company must expend annually on liability insurance, equipment replacements, materials for schools visits, and other expenses. So march we must — and for cash. The Company has obliged itself for several paid appearances, and the Captain requires your public-spirited participation in the following: Monday, May 29: Memorial Day Parade in Hudson, MA — 10 AM step off (we should carpool from Pierce House at 8:00 AM); light lunch/refreshments provided. Sunday, June 25: 150th Anniversary Celebration Parade in Clinton, MA — 2 PM step off (again, we will carpool from Pierce House at 11:30 AM) Sunday, Sept 10: Watertown Millennium 2000 Parade, Watertown, MA — 2 PM. Saturday, Nov 11: Veterans Day Parade in Hudson, MA — The Captain has received a tentative inquiry for this paid event, but needs commitments from members before obliging us.

Maybe you cannot do all of these — but at least volunteer for two.

Plus Some Fun — Hold These Dates Hey, it ain’t all work! Two more events to brighten up the coming months. Monday, June 5: Ancient and Honorable Parade in Boston, MA — assemble for lunch in Fanuiel Hall at 11:30 AM, march and fire muskets to Copley Square, dine in elegant style as guests of the Ancients. A delightful day, all for free. July 11-14th: Sail Boston 2000 — Yes, we have an invitation aboard a Tall Ship. Sit tight, more news later. The Commander’s Compliments Lincoln was well-represented in the 225th Battle Road Skirmish this year. Alan Budreau, Don Hafner, Mary Harder, Jim Hogan, Steve Humphrey, Peter MacLearn, Ben Soule, Bill Stason, Dave White, and Rick Wiggin turned out in almost-authentic colonial duds (under the rigorous enforcement of the Clothing Police) for a day-long battle that began at 9 AM with an ambush of the Red Coat column in Concord and ended at 5 PM with the exhaustion of everyone’s ammunition at Tower Park in Lexington. The Skirmish is, of course, a “re-enactment” only in the loosest sense. Yet this year offered moments of shivering realism that were bound to generate respect for those original Minute Men. The Red Coat column was 600 strong, roughly equal to the force in 1775. On the march, the column extended a quarter-mile. At Meriam’s Corner, it filled the field with a sea of scarlet. It was a sight both dazzling and frightening. One could imagine how it must have chilled the hearts of Patriots from Lincoln on that fateful April day. To the Skirmishers, we convey the following message from your battalion commander: Gentlemen of the 2nd Battalion, You are, with out a doubt, the finest collection of officers I’ve had the honor to serve in my entire military career. I could not be more pleased with the way you, and the people in your respective commands, executed everything I asked for and more, all in proper military fashion and with nearly no practice drill. The efforts you all made in preparation were outstanding. The zeal with which we engaged our foe was, as our motto states, “Second to none”! Please extend my congratulations, and my personal thanks, to each and every member of your unit who helped make this Battle Road the most successful, and enjoyable, ever! Your most Humble, and Appreciative Servant, Dwight Dixon Major, 2nd Battalion The Ninth Muster of the Season! The season’s ninth muster will be held on Tuesday, the 2nd of May at 7:30 PM at Pierce House. We look forward to seeing you! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 18 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) April 2000

“Our country is in danger, but not to be despaired of ... On you depend the fortunes of America. You are to decide the important question, on which rests the happiness and liberty of millions yet unborn. Act worthy of Yourselves.” --Dr. Joseph Warren, to the soldiers at Bunker Hill, 1775 ______April Muster: The Season Is Upon Us! who). Mike Ryan passes along this bit of These are the times that try men’s souls. If authentic advice, courtesy of our worthy we don’t get the last-minute details of upcoming adversaries in the Tenth Regiment of Foote, events hammered out, we’ll all be embarrassed who located this in Robert Boyle’s Medicinal in front of the public. So come to the Muster, Experiments: “To take out the marks of Tuesday, April 4th, 7:30 PM at the Pierce gunpowder shot into the skin of the face: Take House, and help the Captain and the Event fresh cow dung and, having warmed it a little, Coordinators with a review of impending apply it as a thin poultice to the part affected, festivities. The pizza at the last Muster wasn’t renewing it from time to time as occasion shall to your liking? Maybe the Ensign Adjutant will require.” appear this time with some other goodies. We understand the Captain is ordering the Quartermaster to lay in a large and fresh supply School Visits of the raw material, and each musket soldier Kids ask the darnedest things about the will be issued a ration to be stored in the Revolution. And we hear them all during our haversack. We’ll need suggestions on how to school visits leading up to Patriots Day. This “warm it a little” prior to use. week, Alan Budreau, Don Hafner, Wayne Mount, Holly Phelps, and Larry Zuelke visited Monumental Achievement 3rd, 4th, and 5th graders at the Hanscom Yes, indeed, they are there! At long last, the Schools — about 170 in all. Wayne amused stone monuments commemorating the original them with curiosities from his bottomless Lincoln Minute Men are in place — one on the haversack, Holly treated them to tales of the Town Common and the other at Dakin’s Field at hardships of colonial life for women, Alan the junction of Sandy Pond and Baker Bridge dazzled them with snappy musket handling, Roads. With the gracious help of the Town’s Larry terrified them with a fierce bayonet Public Works Department and the deft touch of demonstration. And Hafner? He proved that the heavy equipment crew, two very heavy even 3rd graders can provoke stage-fright in a stones were put in place two weeks ago. And novice fifer. It was a pitiable sight. this week, the stone engravers have been Coming up, Ruth Hodges, Evan and Adam dodging the rainy weather, to get the LeClaire, and Steve Humphrey will be visiting inscriptions carved into the rock. As ever, Rick classes in Wayland. Lots more Lincoln school Wiggin has been overseeing the details and the appearances coming up! Come share the fun. coordination, with great generosity in time and Call Holly at 617-333-0910 and sign up. patience. There will be a dedication ceremony, set for Pungent Remedy for Powder Burns? 6 PM on Wednesday, April 19th at the Town Hey, this remedy could be useful to know! Common. The dedication will be done in Remember that on that historical day in April, proper style — brief speeches by assembled 1775, the Red Coats vented their anger on dignitaries, music, and a musket salute. (If the civilians who they found with black powder dignitaries don’t keep their remarks brief, there grime on their faces and hands — a telltale sign will also be musket fire during the speeches.) of having recently fired a musket (at you know Have you ever wondered, as you’ve passed Burial Site of a Third British Soldier by monuments placed a century ago, what it was We reprint the following story by Mike like to have been there at the time? Now is your Ryan, who has solved the puzzle of a missing chance. Mark your calendar. Be historic. British soldier from the battle at Concord. “These men were brave enough, and true To the hired soldier’s bull-dog creed; What brought them here they never knew They fought as suits the English breed.” “Lines” by James Russell Lowell As a result of the 19 April 1775 North Bridge fight, it is generally documented and accepted that three British Regulars died and were buried in Concord. Colonials accomplished the latter task for two soldiers where they fell near the Bridge. The site is marked with a tablet engraved “Grave of British Soldiers.” But what of the third Regular — his demise and burial in prelude of the Ministerial force’s withdrawal? Lemuel Shattuck in his 1835 History of Concord noted “[there is a] third soldier buried and a house built over the spot” and “one of the wounded died and was buried where Mr. Keyes’ house stands.” The author had great fortune in having available to him Concord citizens who witnessed the 1775 events in Town and he was “seldom willing to state a fact positively unless verified.” Throughout the years, historians and authors have made passing mention of the third soldier’s fate, all agreeing he was buried in the middle of town after being carried there either by his comrades or the Colonialists. These include Arthur B. Tourtellot (William Diamond’s Drum, 1959), Harold Murdock (The Nineteenth of April 1775, 1925), and Rev. Ezra Ripley (History of the Fight at Concord, 1827). So, too, did well known Concord historians Allen French (Day of Concord and Lexington, 1925) and Ruth Wheeler (Concord: Climate for Freedom, 1967). Perhaps through diaries, personal papers and oral accounts, Shattuck, a Concord resident from 1823-34, could identify the third soldier’s burial site and that in 1835 a house owned by well known John Keyes was situated on the same spot. What then must follow from the established body of knowledge is the finding of some supportive material substantiating a civilization pays as it stumbles ahead even in a conclusion as to the soldier’s final resting place. new Century in search of a better world. Near and northeast of the new Court House erected in 1784 was built a home later leased by John Keyes in 1815. He would buy the structure and with his family, live his life there while working in the nearby Court House. His son Judge John S. Keyes was born in the family home and resided in same until it was destroyed in the 1849 Court House fire. By 1850, a new Court House (used later as an Insurance Building; now an office building at 30 Monument Square) would be built closer to Monument Street and on the former Keyes property. On 4 July 1876, Judge John S. Keyes presented an oration which included “the hill extended beyond where we meet tonight (the 1850 Town House) to the road leading to the north bridge. In the ragged curb where that road wound around the side of the hill was buried one of the British soldiers who died of wounds received in the fight at the bridge.” In 1885, as part of the Town’s 250th Celebration of Incorporation, Keyes compiled a list of locations to be honored by recreated minutemen and Regulars. The list included “Burial place of ... a British soldier wounded at the North Bridge.” The location was stated to be on the northeast side of the Court House on Monument Street where once stood the Keyes family home. There, most probably disturbed by centuries of construction, lies the remains of one of three private soldiers (Thomas Smith, Patrick Gray, James Hall) of the 4th Regiment Light Infantry Company, who died as a consequence of the Bridge fight. Who is buried where (Town or Bridge) will probably never be known. Now the third British soldier will rest in peace and honor with his comrades “who came three thousand miles and died to keep the past upon the throne” (J.R. Lowell). Soon, the burial site will be appropriately marked, honored, and visited. Trained to discipline, charactered to determination, this soldier exhibited heroic endurance, fortitude and courage under dire circumstances. Death freed him from allegiances and politics — right or wrong — and once again reflected the cost which THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 17 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) March 2000

“Christmas is a’coming, Boys / We’ll go to Mother Chases’ / And there we’ll get a Sugar Dram / Sweeten’d with Melasses / Heigh ho for our Cape Cod / Heigh ho Nantasket / Do not let the Boston wags / Feel your Oyster Basket.” --a verse of Yandee Doodle, with lyrics popular in 1775 and with the instruction: “To be Sung thro the Nose and in the West Country drawl and dialect” — the other verses are strictly PG-17 ______www.lincoln-ma.com/minutemenpatriots.htm March Muster: Pizza and Powder! There is also a general web page for the It’s Spring again, and time to roll pepperoni Company, complete with glorious photos. Is and eat powder — or is it the other way around? that Mary Harder leading the musket column? Our next muster will be the Company’s traditional Take a look at pizza and cartridge rolling party, on Tuesday, www.lincoln-ma.com/minutemen.htm. March 14th, 6:30 PM at the Pierce House. Note the unusual date and the earlier starting time. Battle Road Skirmishers: IMPORTANT Those of you who have enjoyed this traditional The 225th anniversary of April 19, 1775, is gathering know that it is a great time for swapping shaping up as a spectacular event — and you stories, learning the humorous sides of your can be a part of it. Roughly 600 Red Coats and comrades in ranks, and making off with large slices 1,600 Patriots are anticipated for the all-day of Bertucci’s best. Bring cartridge rolling event, Saturday, April 15th. The Lincoln equipment if you have it — and just a good Minute Men will field a musket platoon, and appetite and sense of humor if you don’t. All are those who would like to be close to the action welcome. but not carry a musket are invited to be Interpreters, dressed in colonial garb and Rock Advances Glacially? mingling with the visitors. The effort to place rock monuments If you’d like to know more about this terrific commemorating the role of Lincoln’s original event, contact past participants: Steve Minute Men in the Revolution has advanced Humphrey, Alan Budreau, Don Hafner, Mary another step. Rick Wiggin and Larry Zuelke Harder, Peter MacLearn, Steve McCarthy, Bob appeared before the Lincoln Historical District Schudy, Bill Stason, Dave White, Rick Wiggin, Commission on February 22nd (Happy Birthday, Ben Wolcott, and Larry Zuelke. Or talk with George!) to present the plans and an artistic Ruth Hodges (781-259-1496) about being an rendering of how the monument on the Town Interpreter. Common would look. The deliberations of the To be part of all this, you do need to do Commission were swift, and they voted their several things. First, contact the Captain approval promptly. Huzzahs to Rick and Larry for promptly to tell him you will be participating. keeping this project moving. Second, be aware that your colonial attire If you would like to see what Rick and Larry needs to pass inspection for reasonable presented, consult the Lincoln Independent web authenticity. Although you may be able to use site at www.lincoln-ma.com/independent.htm for some parts of your Lincoln Minute Man story, inscription, and photos. uniform, you must have sufficient variation, and those variations must conform to guidelines. Patriots Dot Org? Else they’ll chuck you out of the event. To see Through the labors of Neil Feinberg of the what is acceptable as clothing, go to the Battle Lincoln Celebrations Committee, the schedule of Road web site at the Minute Man public events for the season is www.ziplink.net/~mrkmcc/mens.htm Note posted on The Web for savvy browsers to see, at especially that no capes will be allowed, nor will and officers stood to their right, not in front. you be allowed to appear in uncovered shirt Hard to believe it was more dangerous to be a sleeves. So you’ll need some form of coat, blanket musician than a musket soldier, in the battles of shirt, or smock for warmth. The web site gives the day. ideas about how to construct or purchase clothing So maybe fifers and drummers got paid items. James Townsend has such items, at more because they were in short supply? www.jastown.com. Act swiftly; whether you are Perhaps. But don’t underestimate the era. buying or sewing your own, you will need to have Town dances were popular entertainment, and everything ready for inspection on Saturday, March music instructors advertised in Boston 25th. newspapers, perhaps offering their students the Two points of special note: shoes and eye opportunity to learn the new music by Haydn or glasses. If you do not have 18th Century-style that vulgar rascal Mozart. The musicians at the shoes, you must cover your shoes with civilian- North Bridge played White Cockade as the style gaiters. These can be had for about $20 a militia marched down the hill. To judge from a pair. If you do not have 18th Century-style glasses, hand-scrawled score for White Cockade which you can wear wire-frame modern glasses instead survives, the tune was played at a slower tempo — but not plastic frame glasses. than the Lincoln Minute Men now play. But as Third, to shake off the winter’s rust, we will any modern fifer can attest, White Cockade is a need to drill the musket platoon. Tentatively, very challenging tune. These fifers were no please reserve Sunday afternoons, March 12th and country hayseeds. No doubt colonial fifers 19th, for drill sessions at Bemis Hall at 2 PM. honed their skills at country dances. As for drummers, hard to know where and how they Fifers and Drummers Got Paid More? refined their skills. But they seem to have been It’s true. The roster for the Lincoln Minute an eager bunch. According to tradition, Men on April 19, 1775, shows that the two fifers, Leonard Parks was a fifer with Lincoln’s militia Joseph and Elijah Mason, and the drummer, Daniel at Concord when he was only 14, and he then Brown, were paid at a rate of 44 shillings per fifed at Bunker Hill and again at Saratoga in month, while musket soldiers got only 40 shillings. 1777. Joseph Mason, Jr., one of two fifers with And the practice continued in the Continental the Lincoln Minute Men at Concord was also in Army. The Journal of the Continental Congress the Lincoln contingent that went to Saratoga. If for Saturday, July 29, 1775, specified the pay of such youths were so eager, why was it necessary various ranks and positions in the newly formed to pay them extra? Army, including “Corporal, drummer, and fifer, Whatever the reason for the elevated status each 7 1/3 [dollars].” Common privates were to be of fifers and drummers, it eventually wore off. paid only 6 2/3 dollars. A report of the War Board in the Journal of the But why were the musicians paid more? The Continental Congress recommended in August, historical records don’t explain. 1777, that “all able bodied Fifers and Drummers Perhaps it was more dangerous to be a be obliged to do duty as Soldiers and be musician, standing near the officers and ready to furnished with arms.” Enough tootin’ and signal the troops with distinctive tunes? At the bangin’ for now, boys — your country needs North Bridge, the initial British volley killed Capt. men who can shoot. Isaac Davis of the Acton company and wounded young Luther Blanchard, the Acton fifer who Yes, It Was A Splendid Evening presumably marched alongside. And yet, British The Company’s Colonial Dinner could soldiers were drilled to “present” not to “aim,” and hardly be anything but grand. Beautiful it was not their practice to fire specifically at centerpieces on the tables, the warm glow of officers. Isaac Davis was probably hit because he candles, crackling fires in the grates, abundant was marching in front of his own column of men dishes of all varieties to delight the eye and the along the narrow causeway leading to the bridge. palate — and fine damsels and gracious But in battle, soldiers were arrayed in long lines, gentlemen in their splendiferous colonial garments. There were many new faces to be seen, new friends to meet. Perhaps those who were our guests and shared the event will soon be found in our ranks as Minute Men? Left behind at the end of the evening were one youngster’s gold-trimmed tricorner hat (perhaps once was a pirate’s hat?) as well as one bone-handed carving knife. If they are yours, contact Don Hafner at 617-489-2539. THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 16 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) February 2000

“ “ --The complete entry of everything memorable ever said by John Hancock, as recorded in Bartlett’s Familiar Quotations ______February “Muster” is a Colonial Dinner Park when it comes to the preservation of Our next “muster” will be Saturday, Lincoln’s historical heritage. Be a joiner. Feb. 5th, 7 PM at the Pierce House, and will consist of the Company’s Colonial Dinner, with Nice Threads, George! food contributed from your imaginations and Need new duds for the marching season? entertainment provided by … Well, you’ll see. Here are a couple of opportunities to get The fires will be roaring in the fireplaces, the guidance and encouragement from tutors who popular tunes of the day will fill the air, and the are nimble with needle and thread. There will food will be wonderful! See you then. be a workshop on colonial clothing at St. Brigid’s Church near the Lexington Green on Historical Lecture Series — Tuesdays Saturday, January 29th, from 9-11 AM. The Minute Man National Historical Park In addition, a sewing bee will take place at has announced the dates and topics of its the (old) Town Hall on Route 117 in Stow on Tuesday lecture series for the season. They will Sunday, February 13, from 10 AM until 4 PM. be presented at the Trinitarian Congregational You are welcome to attend all or part of the Church at 54 Walden Street in Concord center, session. This is an informal occasion where you at 7:30 PM. The topics and dates this year are: may bring an 18th century sewing project and Feb. 1: “Freemasonry and the American get help from others in completing the project. Revolution,” with Prof. Steven C. An iron and ironing board, some basic sewing Bullock equipment, and some patterns will be available. Feb. 8: “Celebrating the Fourth, 1777- You may wish to bring a sewing machine, 1826,” with Prof. Len Travers extension cord, and your personal sewing Feb. 15: “Changing Perspectives: Views of equipment. For further information, please Lexington and Concord,” with contact Carolyn Hastings (978-897-5150 or Mark Nichipor, Park Ranger [email protected]). Feb. 22: “Tunes to Rouse, Ridicule, and Revere,” with Richard Spicer, That Execration’s Gonna Cost Ya 25¢ musician and historian Mike Ryan tells us that the article about Feb. 29: “Archeology at Meriam’s Corner,” “finger sticking” in the last newsletter reminded with Dr. Steven Pendery, Park him of another solemn and important Service Revolutionary event: The Massachusetts These lectures are free. If you need more Provincial Congress meeting in Concord in information, call the Park at 978-369-6993. March 1775 penned 52 Articles of War for the forming of an army. Article II prohibits all Be a Friend of the National Park oaths and execrations, with penalties being The Minute Man National Historical Park 4 shillings per cuss for commissioned officers does wonderful things for you and me and and a sliding scale downward for sergeants and Lincoln. Do something nice for the Park. smaller fry! So... watch those execrations! Enclosed is a membership pamphlet for the Park The Social Event of the Season! Association. The fee for membership is a The season’s sixth muster will be the bargain, and by helping swell the ranks of Company Dinner on Saturday, the 5th of membership, you will enhance the voice of the February at 7 PM at Pierce House. Be there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 15 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) January 2000

“We ware put in to a french Convint ware thay gave us a gill of rum for a New years gift & sum bisquit. We ware aloued by the genl 1 pound of bread and a half a pound of meat, 6 ozenes of butter a weak, and half a pint of boyled wrice in a day.” --Jeremiah Greenman, a soldier in Arnold’s Expedition, describing New Years Day 1776, his first day as a prisoner of war in Quebec ______January Muster: Tuesday the 4th visiting Boston for the 225th celebrations. And Our next muster will be Tuesday, Jan. 4th there will be more. Mark your family calendars at the Pierce House, at the usual starting time of now. 7:30 PM. The program for this muster will be organized by Ben Wolcott and will focus on musket safety, cleaning, and repair. The Ensign Adjutant, who usually provides a bounty of coffee, sodas, and cookies was recently heard muttering about a refrig filled with holiday leftovers of antique fruitcake, rancid eggnog, and a few smashed Fransk Äppelkaka.. The Captain has therefore ordered him confined to his tent, and the Captain will assign muster refreshments to others. Whew!

April Schedule Don’t you love April! All those sweaty anorexics in their summer pajamas swarm in from out of town and torture themselves running from Hopkington to the Pru — they get a pasty spaghetti dinner, two and a half hours of misery and blisters, and then it’s over for them. But the Lincoln Minute Men have April day after April day in Mother Nature’s great outdoors, imbibing history and tradition till it overflows. Ah, and if you close your eyes right now, you can almost hear the song of the robin in the field, smell the warm earth at your feet, and see the forsythia blossoms about to burst out. You can’t? Well, take a look at the enclosed schedule of events, and suddenly it will be April again! Lots of extras will be occurring this Spring for the 225th anniversary of the Revolution. For instance, the Battle Road Skirmish will have over 900 participants, including a Redcoat contingent almost as large as the one that marched to Concord in 1775. The Company also has some grand opportunities for a boat trip — aboard one of the Tall Ships that will be Did You Find an Envelope Enclosed?? Good Ol’ George Well, if you did, that means the Ensign You can view a special exhibit on “George Paymaster has you on his records as still owing Washington: American Symbol” at the Museum your annual dues. of Our National Heritage in Lexington, from As you know, the Company relies on the now until February 27th. The exhibit is a annual dues to meet its expenses, including the unique exploration of the enduring nature of mailing of this Newsletter. So please write out a Washington’s image in American culture. More check to the Lincoln Minute Men ($15 for than 150 paintings, prints, sculptures, decorative individuals, $20 for family membership) and objects, and memorabilia have been assembled mail it in the envelope — to help cover the cost for the exhibit, including paintings by Gilbert of benefits you have already enjoyed. Stuart, Normal Rockwell, and N.C. Wyeth. A special Gallery Talk is offered by the museum Colonial Dinner Cookbooks on Reserve on Sunday, January 9th at 2 PM, and a Gallery So you decided to do a vegetable dish for Talk and Brown-Bag Lunch is offered Tuesday the Company’s festive Colonial Dinner on Noon on February 12th. The Museum has many Saturday, February 5th, and you need an more events of interest, including Sunday authentic recipe? Well, you can do what Dolley concerts at 2 PM on January 23, February 6 & Madison did when she had such a problem. Go 27, and March 12, as well as fun activities for peruse the Colonial Cookbooks we’ve put on kids. Call 781-861-6559 for more information. reserve at the Lincoln Library. Lots of good ideas there — perhaps a Hodge-Podge, or Ben Wolcott is an Eagle Pickled Cowcumbers? (You didn’t know We offer congratulations to Ben Wolcott Dolley Madison used the Lincoln Public upon his elevation to Eagle Scout. Ben has been Library?) with the Lincoln Minute Men for many years now, first as Cadet and now as a musket man Music Rehearsal Schedule — Roll Off! and a Battle Road Skirmish veteran. Many of To all fifers and drummers, we begin you will remember participating in a trail- rehearsals again in earnest — well, actually in improvement project at the National Park, Hartwell — on Monday, January 3rd, at the which was one of Ben’s activities on his way to usual time of 7-9 PM. We will continue becoming an Eagle Scout. Ben’s contributions Monday rehearsals relentless through January to the Minute Men over the years have been and February, with the exception of Monday, numerous and appreciated. Three Huzzahs to February 7th, when you will be too exhausted the Company’s Eagle! from having performed until your wig drooped at the Company’s Colonial Dinner. Because the They Did That Back Then? Hartwell building will be closed on January 17, Alice Morse Earle (1853-1911) was a we will assemble that time at Ruth Hodges and historian whose books on everyday life in John LeClaire’s house instead. Hey, won’t their colonial America were quite popular in the neighbors be surprised and astonished! 1880s. In Child Life in Colonial Days, she notes that the offenses for which citizens could be fined and punished in colonial courts included “the calling of degrading nicknames, making of wry faces, jeering, and ‘finger- sticking’.” (p. 213) Doesn’t it warm your heart to know that some quaint Colonial customs are still practiced in Boston during morning rush- hour? Even finger-sticking? T-Shirts for that Rich Uncle Forgot Uncle Midas at the holidays, didn’t you. And now you hear he’s thinking of forgotting you in his will. Don’t worry, you can still make amends. The Company has a bountiful supply of T-shirts and sweatshirts with the Lincoln Minute Man logo, all at exceptionally reasonable prices, and in sizes for all, from Fat Cats to Little Cuddlies. Contact Rich Meyers at (781) 259-9851 to place your orders.

Think The Millennium Is Confusing? We celebrate George Washington’s Birthday on February 22nd each year, and yet the birth records at the time say he was born on February 11, 1732. Trouble was, when Washington was born, the Colonies still used the Julian calendar, devised by Julius Caesar in 46 BC. The Julian calendar fixed the year at 365 days and 6 hours, even though the Earth’s annual orbit around the Sun is about 12 minutes shorter than that. As a consequence, January 1st in the Julian calendar kept creeping 12 minutes further into the New Year each year. By the time George was born, it had crept about 11 days into the next solar year. So in 1752, when Great Britain finally adopted the “new” Gregorian calendar devised by Pope Gregory in 1582 (the British never rush into things, do they), the extra 11 days were simply discarded. In effect, the Colonies went promptly from December 31st to January 11th — and at the age of 20, George discovered that his birthday was now February 22nd. Rumor has it that he celebrated by going out and buying a new car, but that’s probably just rumor.

The Fifth Muster of the Season! The season’s fifth muster will be held on Tuesday, the 4th of January at 7:30 PM at Pierce House. We look forward to seeing you! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 14 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) December 1999

You bid me burn your letters. But I must forget you first. --John Adams, to his wife Abigail, April 28, 1776 ______December Muster: Special Date Colonial Dinner Encore – February 5th Our next muster will be Tuesday, Dec. 14th You’ve already marked your calendar for at the Pierce House, at the usual starting time of 7 PM, Saturday, February 5 th and started searching 7:30 PM. No, this is not the first Tuesday of the for that authentic 18th century recipe which will be month. The Pierce House is booked that day, so your contribution to the Company’s mid-winter we’ve moved the date. colonial dinner. You will be getting a phone call Our Captain, now returned from Tahiti (??), soon, to see if your contribution will be fish or will preside, and he has ordered the Ensign fowl, roots or pottage, bread or dessert. We had a Adjutant to produce the usual fine assortment of delightful array of items last time, and with a little cookies, coffee, and lemonade. coordination, we can make the evening better yet. The main order of business will be assuring The Captain will also be seeking volunteers for that we are all set with field commanders and those other little tasks (who’s to spread the schedules for the upcoming season of events. tablecloths, set the fires in the fireplaces, fill the Granted, not quite so exciting as our recent sugar bowls?) When he does, please step forward programs of special guests, but nevertheless and just say “Aye, Sir!” important to the Company, and your contribution is still vital and welcomed. And the Turkey as the National Bird? Besides, you know the penalty for not The man was a bundle of ideas, wasn’t he? In showing up — you’ll get “volunteered” for the a letter to Gen. Charles Lee in 1776, Benjamin nastiest of tasks. So come protect your interests, Franklin urged arming the Continental Army with and have a cookie or two. bows and arrows: “These were good weapons, not wisely laid Did You Mail That Dues Envelope? aside. 1st. Because a man may shoot as truly with We sent it to you in the last newsletter. If a bow as with a common musket. 2ndly. He can you haven’t written your check for your annual discharge four arrows n the time of charging and membership dues for the 1999-2000 season, discharging one bullet. 3rdly. His object is not please do so soon. taken from his view by the smoke of his own side. We could appeal to your sense of guilt — 4thly. A flight of arrows, seen coming upon them, you enjoy the newsletter, maybe you even eat terrifies and disturbs the enemies’ attention to their the cookies at muster, so shouldn’t you help pay business. 5thly. An arrow striking any part of a for them? Or we could appeal to your civic man puts him hors du combat till it is extracted. spirit — you’re proud that the Minute Men give 6thly. Bows and arrows are more easily provided school presentations to the kiddies, so shouldn’t every where than muskets and ammunition.” you help support the Company? But what the [Works of Benjamin Franklin, by Jared Sparks heck, we’ll just use the same appeal offered by (Boston 1839), vol. 8, p. 171] the Sons of Liberty in 1775 — pay up or its Turns out, it wasn’t any easier during the molasses and feathers and out of town on a rail! Revolution to find people able to mass produce Now, have we roused your patriotic zeal? arrows and bows than it was to find gunsmiths. Splendid. Fill the envelope with your check made out to the “The Lincoln Minute Men,” $15 Honest, Officer, Just Lookin’ at Rocks for individuals, $20 for whole families. It’s a lot A bizarre delegation of hooded trespassers less painful than The Rail. prowled the byways and wooded paths of Lincoln on Sunday, November 14th, pausing at this rock and that, muttering among themselves like a coven of Wicca at Samhain. Rick Wiggin was leading a pack of monument mavens — Robbie Cunningham, Kerry Glass, Henry Rugo, Larry Zuelke, and Don Hafner — on a tour of candidate stones for the historical markers that will commemorate the march to Concord of the original Lincoln Minute Men. Naturally, it was pouring rain. It is surprising how picky one can get after surveying a few rocks. They sure ain’t all alike. If you’d like to contemplate one of our favorites, amble down to the space between The Lincoln Guide Service and the train tracks and appraise the big, low-lying one there. Picture it on the Town green, blending smoothly into the slope of the ground, the inscription carved into the long, flat side … Whadda ya think?

To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For the Time Being… The following are your officers: Captain Steve Humphrey First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn Ensign Adjutant Don Hafner Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy Quartermaster Bill Stason Drum Major Rich Meyers Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo Historian Bob Hicks Member-at-Large Camille Groves Member-at-Large Dave White They are pleased to serve, and they are eager to hear your suggestions for events or other improvements that will benefit the Company.

The Fourth Muster of the Season! The season’s fourth muster will be held on Tuesday, the 14th of December at 7:30 PM at Pierce House. We look forward to seeing you! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 13 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) November 1999

Voted as followes that the Sum of fifty-two Pounds four Shillings be and is hereby granted to provide for those persons who have inlisted as munite men each one a bayonet belt Catrige Box Steal ramer gun stock and knap sack; they to attend military Exercise four hours in a day twice in a week … the officers to keep an exact account of their attendance & in Case any person shall neglect to give his attendance at the time appointed the sum of two shillings for each four hours & in proportion for any other time shall be reduced. --Record of Lincoln Town Meeting, March 20, 1775 ______November Muster: A Bang-Up Speaker promises to keep the (boring) business to a Our Tuesday, Nov. 2nd meeting will be at minimum. And hey, the cookies are an attraction the Pierce House at the usual starting time of in themselves. 7:30 PM. Our special guest will be David Price, from Contoocook, New Hampshire, a highly- And the Envelope, Please skilled gunsmith who has been making (The Lieutenant told me to use that headline, so reproductions of Revolutionary era muskets for don’t blame it on me!) Yes, it is annual many years. Price makes only one gun per membership dues time, for the 1999-2000 event month, and many consider his guns to be among season. The burdens of belonging to the Lincoln the finest in the country. Price will bring along Minute Men are pretty light, but the prompt examples of his own work, as well as other payment of dues is very important to the Company, weapons, to accompany his talk on techniques to support such activities as our schools programs of musket production in the 18th century. For as well as the monthly newsletter. The annual dues those of you with ambition and nimble fingers, are exceptionally reasonable — $15 for Price has a kit for purchase from which you can individuals, $20 for whole families. Enclosed you make your own musket based on a gun made in will even find an addressed envelope, ready for Boston during the Revolutionary period. David your check made out to the “The Lincoln Minute Price is willing to inspect your personal rusty, Men.” Please don’t delay — write the check crusty musket, if you bring it along. now, and be a true Winter Soldier to warm Tom Our capable 1st Lieutenant will preside at the Paine’s heart. muster (the Captain is on business to Tahiti, or some grim work assignment like that), and To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For Lt. MacLearn has ordered the Ensign Adjutant the Time Being… to produce the usual fine assortment of cookies, The following are your officers: coffee, and lemonade. Captain Steve Humphrey First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn Muster Programs? Is This A Trend? Ensign Adjutant Don Hafner Have you noticed how the musters thus far Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy have all had programs of general interest? Have Quartermaster Bill Stason you wondered if that’s an innovation by the new Drum Major Rich Meyers Captain? ‘Tis indeed. The Captain has them Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo plotted out to the end of the season in the Year Historian Bob Hicks 2000. These are programs intended to appeal to Member-at-Large Camille Groves all, so check the monthly newsletter for topics Member-at-Large Dave White and bring friends. Naturally, we’d be pleased to Ex officio Don Hafner have all attendees join the Lincoln Minute Men, They are pleased to serve, and they are eager to but there is no such obligation. We’re delighted hear your suggestions for events or other simply to have a nice crowd, and the Captain improvements that will benefit the Company. Behind Every Great Man … Got Rocks? … is an interesting woman. On Monday, Rick Wiggin has made steady progress toward November 8 th, Character Actress Jessa Piaia will the placement of two stone monuments to the present a one-person portrayal of Rachel original Lincoln Minute Men — one to go on the Revere: Colonial Wife. This free presentation town green, the other at Dakin’s Field near Sandy will be from 7-8 PM in the Lower Mills Library, Pond. The proposal has now received endorsement 27 Richmond Street, Dorchester. The event is from the Selectmen and generous funding from the co-sponsored by the Boston Natural Area Fund Codman Trust. What is needed now are two rocks and the Lower Mills Library. If you would like of appropriate size and shape. directions or further information, please call Naturally, because this is to honor the Town’s 617-542-7696. (We are grateful for the sharp contribution in an important event in American eye of Bob Phelps, who brought this to our history, we would prefer the rocks to be natives of attention. We have our spies, too!) Lincoln (or at least related by direct descent from rocks born in Lincoln). Ideally, the rocks would And Speaking of Horses also have been prominent in other aspects of Town Wayne Mount has been spearheading an life — perhaps valedictorian from the Brooks ambitious effort to revive the “re-enactment” of School, or maybe first clarinet in the marching Paul Revere’s capture in Lincoln. The event is band. A college degree from a prominent to feature multiple horse riders, lots of university in Massachusetts known for educating excitement, all on the authentic spot in the Park. rockheads is not required, but would be an added Wayne has arranged for a practice staging of asset. this event on Saturday, October 30, beginning at If you know of such rocks in your yard or 9 AM. Wayne needs volunteers to serve as neighborhood, or hanging idly about anywhere else observers, advisers, and pickets to control the in town, contact Rick Wiggin promptly at crowd of on-lookers that even a rehearsal is 781-259-0489. He is on the prowl for talent. bound to attract. The weather promises to be splendid, so give Wayne a call at 781-259-8695 How Know Park News? and offer your help. Make it clear whether you The Minute Men National Historical Park has are volunteering to be the front part of the horse become increasingly ambitious in its programs. or the … Every weekend, and frequently on weekdays, the attractions include historical tours, nature walks, Colonial Dinner Encore – February 5th children’s activities, lectures, contra dancing, and You’ve already marked your calendar for demonstrations taking place at various sites. If you 7 PM, Saturday, February 5 th and started would like to receive copies of the Park’s events searching for that authentic 18th century recipe bulletin in the mail, and enter the ranks of Park which will be your contribution to the supporters, consider joining The Friends of the Company’s mid-winter colonial dinner. The Battle Road by writing for an application at Captain will soon be seeking volunteers for MMNHP Association, 174 Liberty Street, those other little tasks (who’s to spread the Concord, MA 01742, or just call 978-369-6993. tablecloths, set the fires in the fireplaces, fill the sugar bowls?) When he does, please step The Third Muster of the Season! forward and just say “Aye, Sir!” The season’s third muster will be held on To assure that everyone is present to enjoy Tuesday, the 2nd of November at 7:30 PM at the event, the Company will follow the Town’s Pierce House. We look forward to seeing you! orders from March 20, 1775: “in Case any person shall neglect to give his attendance at the time appointed, the sum of two shillings for each four hours & in proportion for any other time shall be reduced.” THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 12 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) October 1999

Continuing in our huts, 12 men in each hut / this afternoon a ball of fire fell from heaven / apear’d as big as a mans head / fell as far as ye tops of ye trees then burst into a Number of peaces / Sum Small Spits of Snow -- Jeremiah Greenman, Rhode Island regiment, diary entry for January 1, 1778, Valley Forge ______October Muster: Billy Smith Did What? The Quintal-sential Arnold Our Tuesday, Oct. 5th meeting will be at The slide presentation on the 1775 Arnold the Pierce House at the usual starting time of Expedition to Quebec given by George Quintal at 7:30 PM. Our special guest will be Michael our September muster was fascinating. George Ryan, back for an update of the rousing tales of had assembled a colorful collection of historic and Capt. William Smith that amused and appalled contemporary artwork depicting the Expedition, us at our November muster last year. Mike has mingled with photos taken during the re-enactment been scouring the archives and finds, to in 1975. Woven with all this were quotations from paraphrase that venerable patriot of Rick’s Café diaries and pension records of the participants, so in Casablanca, “We waszh mish-informed.” that we heard of the rigors and the privations of the You’ll remember how enjoyable and marchers in their own words. George’s responses informative the muster was when Mike last to questions from the crowd showed the depth of joined us. Don’t miss the sequel. his research into the backgrounds of the marchers Rumor has it that as his first command, the and the trials they endured. So who was the new Captain Steve Humphrey has ordered the typical Arnold Expedition soldier? By tracking Ensign Adjutant to produce the usual fine down as many of the 1,150 participants as possible, assortment of cookies, coffee, and lemonade. George has been able to tell us: English, fifth generation American, last name of Taylor or To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For Smith, farmer, aged 24, Congregationalist — and if The Time Being… he survived the march, he probably died at the age The following slate of officers was elected at of 67. the September muster to lead the Lincoln Our thanks to George Qunital, historian of the Minute Men for the coming year. They are: Arnold Expedition Historical Society. Ya shoulda Captain Steve Humphrey been there. First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn Ensign Adjutant Don Hafner Town Meeting: Patriots 2, Tories 0 Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy It was like being cast back in time on a glorious Quartermaster Bill Stason September 12th afternoon, as the participants in the Drum Major Rich Meyers National Park’s re-creations of a 1774 Town Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo Meeting sat on stools and straw bales in front of Historian Bob Hicks the Hartwell Tavern, debating the wisdom of a tea Member-at-Large Camille Groves boycott and other pressing issues of the time. Member-at-Large Dave White Steve Humphrey, Ruth Hodges and John LeClaire Ex officio Don Hafner and sons Evan and Adam, Jim Hogan, and Don They are pleased to serve, but they also need Hafner mingled with visitors and argued about your encouragement and support. Lots of ways revolution, with Mike Ryan presiding. Tough not to show that: volunteer without being asked; to get a lump in your throat, realizing that on that help arrange programs for musters; turn out for very ground in 1774, travelers with a mug of beer as many events as possible; march in step; sing in one hand and an apple picked from the nearby in tune. trees in the other must have debated the same matters. Only in Lincoln. Ya shoulda been there! British soldiers were outside by the fire, Mary and Colonial Dinner Encore – February 5th Elizabeth Hartwell were in the kitchen, Billy Smith Remember when America was new? And (myself) sat eating/drinking/playing cards in the Mozart was new? And dining was gracious? sitting room, and Ephraim Hartwell and a drover And cooks produced scrumptious meals from were in the tap room. Some 150 visitors in 9 recipes that began with “Take your leg of groups came through during the evening. One of mutton and beat it” or “Take a large legg of the better programs by the Park, and one we beef, boyle it to raggs, then strain it off.” decided we want to repeat perhaps using the Smith Remember when we used this same come-on House. The visitors couldn’t praise us enough and two years ago to entice you to the Company’s thought the program was scripted or performed by authentic colonial dinner? Good, then you’ll actors. Many noted that they will return for other also remember that this event was splendid good programs. fun! So mark your calendars, for 7 PM, The re-enactors/Rangers had a great time, Saturday, February 5 th, and start searching for particularly after the visitors left and we were that authentic 18th century recipe which will be alone in the Tavern to drift into the 18th Century. your contribution. Beef ragg-goo, perhaps? It was a strange feeling sitting by candlelight in the Tavern doing first person re-enactment. I actually ElderHostels: One Down, None To Go became Billy for two hours and it was 1776. I Exit while they are still clamoring for more? have a feeling that Smith’s spirit is about, and he is Rick Wiggin proved he still has new variations pleased... especially that after 200 years, someone on Longfellow’s poem; Steve Humphrey cares and is telling his story, for better or worse. showed you really can load and fire a musket in We will do a Halloween candlelight program under ten minutes; Alan Budreau gave new on Saturday, October 23rd, 7-8:30 PM at the meaning to the term “minute man”; Fred Hartwell Tavern and barn. I will do the “Mystery Richardson delighted them with fife tunes; and of the Skulls”... perhaps as the “mad” Ammi Don Hafner had a senior moment while trying to White!!! remember what you call those little lead balls Mike you load into shotguns. Alas, despite an eager crowd with a delightful sense of humor, the Current Company Roster Enclosed September 21st ElderHostel presentation by the Do we have your address and phone number Lincoln Minute Men will be the last for the right? Have we given you a spouse whose name season. The other event dates were under- you don’t recognize? Did we add a few children subscribed by ElderHostel members and were you didn’t know you had? If you find an error, cancelled. contact the Ensign Adjutant at 617-489-2539 and set him straight. Park Events – News via Post Rider The Second Muster of the Season! From: D. Michael Ryan The season’s second muster will be held on To: Donald L. Hafner Tuesday, the 5th of October at 7:30 PM at Pierce Date: September 22, 1999 House. We look forward to seeing you! Re: Candlelight Evening at Hartwell

Morning Don: Thought you might enjoy some of my observations from last evening’s great National Park program at the Hartwell Tavern. I think we did Lincoln and its history proud. We decided to move inside the Tavern and it was an excellent decision... more atmosphere by candle/lanterns... more 18th Century. The two THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 11 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) September 1999

Early this morn waid anchor with the wind at SE a fresh gale our Colours fliing Drums a beating fifes a plaing the hils and warfs a Cover with people biding thair friends fair well. At Night fogey / hove to till next morning then Sot Sail went into the mouth of Cannabeck river and came to an anchor. -- Jeremiah Greenman, opening entry in his diary as a member of Arnold’s Expedition to attack Quebec, September 19, 1775 ______

September Muster: Special Program Elections will be held at the September Muster, Our Tuesday, Sept 7th meeting will be at and consistent with the By-Laws, the floor will be the Pierce House at the usual starting time of open for additional nominations, if members wish 7:30 PM. But after that, nothing will be “usual.” to put other candidates forward. The first order of business will be the annual The retiring Captain expresses his thanks to the election of officers. This is an ancient tradition members of the Nominating Committee — Rich of militia companies, and your chance to relive Meyers, Rick Wiggin, and Larry Zuelke — for the founding of the Lincoln Minute Men, 1774. their energy in recruiting candidates. Then we have a special guest, George Quintal, Jr., Historian of the Arnold Expedition Town Meeting? Hartwell Tavern? Historical Society, who will give a lively (and You’ll remember Mike N of Concord. He illustrated) presentation on that daring venture provoked smiles and raised eyebrows with his led by Benedict Arnold. Robie Cunningham, presentation on the life of Capt. William Smith at Bob Lenington, and a few other Lincoln Minute the Company’s muster last November. Well, now Men were on that original expedition with Mike needs our help. Arnold (or was it the reenactment in 1976?). If On Sunday, September 12 th, at 1:30 PM and you know a little about Arnold’s feat, then you again at 3 PM, Mike will be staging colonial Town already hold it in wonder. Come learn more! Meetings at the Hartwell Tavern in the Minute These special events are always rewarding. Man National Historical Park. Mike draws the Please join us. visitors back in time, to 1774, when tension was in The retiring Captain Don Hafner promises the air, and town meetings debated what the his usual fine assortment of cookies & coffee. colonies ought to do next. To do all this, Mike needs collaborators in To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For colonial garb. Since this event will be on Lincoln The Time Being… soil, naturally the Lincoln Minute Men should turn The Nominating Committee offers for the out in support. You don’t need to be an actor, or a Company’s consideration a slate of candidates historian. Fred Richardson and Steve Humphrey to lead the Lincoln Minute Men. They are: participated in one of these meetings last year, all Captain Steve Humphrey impromptu, and had a rousing good time. So come First Lieutenant Peter MacLearn for both sessions, or even just for one. Just come Ensign Adjutant Don Hafner in colonial garb (and we need men, women, and Ensign Paymaster Steve McCarthy youngsters) and let the event carry you along. The Quartermaster Bill Stason visitors love it!! Drum Major Rich Meyers Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo ElderHostel Command Performances Historian Bob Hicks For the past many years, the Lincoln Minute Member-at-Large Camille Groves Men have delighted ElderHostel visitors with Member-at-Large Dave White evening presentations of colonial history, colonial music, and a little non-colonial poetry. We have been invited back again, and the Captain seeks Grab your handkerchiefs, the retiring Captain volunteers. You!! is about to get all sappy. The sessions will be on Tuesday evenings, September 21st, October 5th and 19th, and George Washington did not have a reputation November 2nd. We muster at Bunsai Gakuen at for public displays of sentiment. Yet it is 6:45 PM, march on at 7 PM, and retire for impossible to read the seven, brief paragraphs of cookies and conversation by 7:45 PM or so. his Farewell Orders to the Armies of the United These sessions are entertaining and very States in November, 1783, and not sense the informative, for us as well as for the ElderHostel deeply conflicted emotions that Washington was visitors. Maybe you don’t feel you’re ready for feeling. He begins in his customary stiff and prime time presentations yet? Fine, just come oblique style, speaking of himself in the third along to fill out the ranks. You still get to eat person as “the Commander in Chief,” and the cookies, and watch Rick Wiggin’s mastery promising that he will have some words of thanks with Longfellow’s poem about Paul — but only at end of his Orders. He softens up a Whatzizname. bit as he reviews the hardships that the Continental Army has endured for eight years. Yet just as his What Would the 4th of July Be … admiration and affection starts to flow for those …without the generosity of Robie and who stood with him throughout the War, Margaret Cunningham and the pleasures of their Washington pulls back and starts giving a stern picnic and pool party. Huzzah!! lecture on civic responsibility. It must have been a wrenching moment for him. These were the men And Oh So Monumental who had marched in the freezing rain to Trenton, Rick Wiggin continues to spearhead the and hunkered in rude winter cabins at Valley drive for two commemorative markers Forge. But they were also the men who had acknowledging the original Lincoln Minute Men mutinied at Philadelphia and conspired against him and their march to Concord, April 19, 1775, one at Newburgh. Now they would return to their for the town Common and the other for Dakin’s homes, embittered by a lack of pay and the Field. Following upon encouraging perceived ingratitude of the public — and well- conversations with various civic leaders, Rick trained in the use of violence. One can imagine took the proposal before the Town Selectmen on Washington’s deep sadness on the occasion. He July 26th (flanked by a party of present and past had great attachment to his soldiers, and at the captains, Henry Rugo, Larry Zuelke, and Don same time, he was deeply afraid of them. Hafner). The Selectmen were also enthusiastic I retire from my three years as captain with and agreed to submit the proposal to the neither sadness nor conflicted emotions, only with Codman Trust for funding. Much remains to be affection for a Company that has turned out in done, but this is a very encouraging start. If all numbers and good cheer when called, has borne gets approved, we are going to need big rocks my confused moments with patience and humor, — got any in mind? and has never ceased to have good fun. We’ve had memorable moments: perhaps the worst Concord The First Muster of the Season! parade weather in history; the most elegant of The season’s first muster will be held on colonial dinners; the growing crowd of young Tuesday, the 7th of September at 7:30 PM at smiling faces that testify to the success of our Pierce House. We look forward to seeing you! schools program. I’ve had a wonderful three years, and I am grateful to you all for making it so. To the Captain who will next wear the gorget and sword, you take command of a splendid Company!

Farewell Address THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 10 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) June 1999

Throughout the ages, from Keats to Jorkemo, poets have composed odes to individuals who have had a profound effect upon their lives. In keeping with that tradition, I have written... [a] poem in honor of my cat. I call it “Ode to Spot.” -- Commander Data, from Star Trek: The Next Generation ______June Muster: It Has That Air Of Finality The Falmouth Minute Men have invited us to ...and that’s because it will be the last muster help repulse a landing party of Red Coats seeking of the 1998-1999 season. Note the date. Our to storm the beach from sailing ships off shore! Wednesday, June 2nd meeting will be at the Here is the schedule of events for Saturday: Pierce House at the usual starting time of 7:30pm. Final plans for upcoming June and July events 9:00 AM Shuttle Buses to Surf Beach, prepare will be made, so your input in this discussion entrenchments would be most welcome. 10:00 AM “Battle of Falmouth Harbor” begins While that should be enough to entice you to 12:30 PM Encampment opens after Battle ends attend, Captain Don Hafner is contemplating 1:00 PM Lunch provided for participants bringing cherries jubilee, chocolate fondue, and 1-5 PM Encampment exhibits cappuccino to what will be his final muster as 5:30 PM Fall-in for Inspection/Parade at Captain. (And if he wasn’t contemplating it, he is Encampment now, because he just read about it here in the 6:00 PM Step-off for Parade on Main Street Dispatch.) Or he may just bring his usual fine 7:00 PM Fife and Drum Concert given by assortment of cookies & coffee. Middlesex County Volunteers (this is Whatever he brings will be pleasant, and we the group that Jim and Sarah looking forward to seeing you at the June 2nd MacConduibh belong to) meeting. Check the event’s website Honorable And Ancient Topic: Carpooling (http://members.aol. On Monday, June 7th, you’re encouraged to com/bkeaf/scheduledevents.html) to get the latest take part in the yearly frolic through downtown information about the schedule, including maps. Boston usually referred to as the June Day Parade Those participating in the Battle will need of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. muskets, cartridges, etc. The Battle is a “field A free lunch will be provided at 11:30 AM, and dress” (non-uniform) event. If you need you’re invited to a free post-parade banquet, too. equipment from Quartermaster Bill Stason before All you have to is show up (in uniform, please — the event, contact Bill at 781-259-8939 no later and bring cartridges!!). than June 5th. Carpooling arrangements are being organized If you would like to take part in what should now. The number of invitations is limited, so be a fascinating day, please let the Captain know those wanting to “hitch a ride” would do well to of your interest as soon as possible. If you do not call the Captain at 617-489-2539 promptly. contact the Captain soon, he will not have enough Also, if you need equipment from cartridges for you, and you will have to defend the Quartermaster Bill Stason before the event, beach by shouting “Bang, Bang!” contact Bill at 781-259-8939 no later than June 1st. Sunday, July 4: Happy Birthday, America! * * Assemble by 9:45am * * June 12th: Battle of Falmouth Details Nothing matches the charming small-town character of Lincoln’s Fourth of July Parade. And the Parade could not go on without the Lincoln The Ensign Paymaster position has been Minute Men to lead it off! vacant for this entire season, and it would be a Let’s assemble in the Smith School Parking tremendous asset to the Company if someone Lot by 9:45am and prepare to dazzle the (perhaps you!) would be willing to accept this hometown crowd. Be sure to bring water and role. Steve Humphrey has kindly served as an sunscreen, as it is likely to be a warm and sunny interim Paymaster this year, and he would be day. happy to answer questions you may have about Be sure to write a note and place it on your the post. This is not a great labor, but would be a refrigerator reminding you about the somewhat great favor to the Company. unusual assembly time; we’d sure hate to start the Some of your fellow patriots have already put parade without you! their names into the “nomination hopper”; if you’d like to join this eager band of volunteers, Rules Are Rules: No Muskets in the Pool! please contact the NomComm Chairman. Once again, as they have for uncounted years, You can nominate yourself or a friend to any Robie and Margaret Cunningham have generously position. All any nominee needs is a desire to invited the members of the Company to join them serve and a willingness to be at most, but after the Fourth of July Parade for a dip in the preferably all, of our events. Cunningham family pool, a bite of picnic goodies, and relaxed conversation with friends and From the Adjutant: “Adios, au revior neighbors. ...auf Wiedersehen. Good night!” Contributions of salads, drinks, desserts, and I guess too much “family time” with the such are welcomed. Call Robie (781-259-8066) grandparents involved watching “The Lawrence to see how you can be most helpful. Robie lives Welk Show” when I was a kid! This no doubt at 7 Woodcock Lane, off Weston Road, near the contributes to my occasionally snarky writing Conant Road intersection -- just follow the sound style. of splashes and happy chatter. No, I am not moving from Lincoln nor leaving our terrific group of patriots. Rather, this “ Be All You Can Be”: Be A LMM Officer newsletter marks my final submission as your This year’s Nominating Committee Ensign Adjutant. I have enjoyed serving the (NomComm) is graced-- once again -- by Company in this capacity, and it has been my Chairman Rich Meyers (781-259-9851), Rick privilege to hold this position during the Wiggin (781-259-0489), and Larry Zuelke (781- Captaincies (or reigns, if you will) of Rick 259-9266). This intrepid trio will be meeting over Wiggin and Don Hafner. Thanks, guys, for your the summer to prepare a list of nominees to be support, enthusiasm, assistance, patience, and officers for the 1999-2000 event season. All good humor throughout the years. You’ve helped positions are “up for grabs.” If you have the newsletter flourish into something that people questions about any of the positions, please feel really like to read. I am confident that the next free to contact the incumbents: Adjutant will further the Dispatch’s growth. My heartiest thanks, though, goes to you, the Captain Don Hafner readers. Without you, none of this would have First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey been possible. Writing for you has been fun, and Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers I hope you enjoyed reading these monthly Ensign Paymaster missives as much as I enjoyed putting them Quartermaster Bill Stason together. Drum Major Rich Meyers Best wishes, everyone! Have a terrific Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo summer. See you on July 4th at 9:45am! Historian Bob Hicks Member-at-Large Camille Groves Special date for final muster of the season! Member-at-Large Dave White The season’s last muster will be held on the 2nd of June -- Wednesday -- at 7:30pm at Pierce House. We look forward to seeing you! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 9 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) May 1999

A finer batch of patriots has ne’er been seen in any April before. Huzzah to all! -- Captain Don Hafner, after the Revolutionary Graves Ceremony, talking about all the April events ______May Muster: Marvelous & Majestic (Maybe) our esteem, is Fred Richardson, whose ...and, perhaps not, but the Adjutant really willingness to serve and whose cheerful and wanted to have as many M’s in the headline as helpful attitude were an inspiration to all of the possible. Anyway... now that your attention has musicians. been piqued, it seems altogether fitting and proper to invite you to the May muster which will be With our backs to the Wolcott held on May 4th, at 7:30pm, at the Pierce House. As you may recall in last month’s newsletter, We’ll review the April events, and any Ben Wolcott invited fellow Company members to suggestions you may have for making the events work with him and his fellow Boy Scouts on his even better would be welcome. So, bring your Eagle Scout Project involving maintenance and ideas and your appetites to the muster because our repair of the Fiske Hill Trail in Lexington. In good Captain, the venerable (and this is meant in addition to a dozen or so Scouts, Minute Men the best way) Don Hafner, will treat us to his Robbie Cunningham, Don Hafner, Steve usual fine assortment of tantalizingly tasty treats. Humphrey, Rich Meyers, and Bill Stason assisted in adding waterbars to the trail to improve the April events -- in a word, SUPER! flow of water off the trail (and thus reduce the rate Captain Don Hafner thanks everyone who of erosion). participated in this year’s School Programs and It was a fun and rewarding time, and Ben April events. Our crack organization can do some seemed quite pleased with the work that was pretty amazing stuff, and the Captain was accomplished. A tip of the tricorn to Ben for his downright delighted with the Company’s look and hard work in organizing his project and for demeanor during each of the events. (More running it so well! importantly, we were smart enough to laugh at the jokes he told when he was addressing an Battle of Falmouth: Are You Game? audience.) The Lincoln Minute Men have been invited to Also, the Captain wishes to extend gratitude to participate in a celebration of the Battle of the honchos of the April events for having them Falmouth Harbor on Saturday, June 12th. The go so smoothly. He’d like to know, however, day will include a morning parade, a reenactment how the honchos were able to get the weather to of the Battle of Falmouth Harbor, and other be so wonderful. Of course, this leaves us with ceremonies in the afternoon. One of the one nagging question: Why can’t they make the highlights of this skirmish will be a British man- weather so good every year? o-war firing volleys (blanks, that is) towards the Drum Major Rich Meyers also would like to shore as British marines attempt to land in give each musician a pat on the back for their fine longboats. Of course, hearty colonials — contributions throughout the month. Rich says, including us — will manage to repel the unwanted “The musicians have made wonderful progress interlopers with our own withering barrage of fire. with the new music, and I’m looking forward to A wonderful way to spend a carefree summer working with them and our instructors (Jim and Saturday! Sarah MacConduibh) in continuing to build our However, the Captain must give an accurate repertoire.” count of participants to the Falmouth Minute There are three musicians deserving special Men, and soon. So please, if you plan on mention. The first is Peter Sullivan from the participating, please contact Captain Don Hafner Sudbury Ancient Fife and Drum corps. Peter promptly at 617-489-2539 to let him know of joined us at our Alarm and Muster and, with your intentions. This is absolutely vital! fellow drummer Tom Risser, provided a solid and If you are curious about the events, take a look steady beat for us to march to and enjoy. Next is at the web site (www.members.aol.com/bkeaf) set Ben Soule who played a beautiful rendition of up by the Falmouth Company for details. “Death of Wolfe” at our Revolutionary Graves Ceremony. For many, Ben’s heartfelt playing will You Can Be Honorable And Not Ancient be the highlight of our season. Last, and high in On June 7th, you’re encouraged to take part in the yearly frolic through downtown Boston usually referred to as the June Day Parade of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. A free lunch will be provided, and you’re invited to a free post-parade banquet, too. All you have to is show up (in uniform, please). This is a very fun event! The Captain says: “It’s really worth the day off from work.” Contact the Captain (617- 489-2539) for more details and carpool information.

Maybe in May Let’s change that Maybe to a Definitely as in “we’ll definitely see you at May 4th’s muster at the Pierce House starting at 7:30pm.” Hasta la vista! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 8 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) April 1999

Whoever looks upon them as an irregular mob, will find himself much mistaken. -- Lord Percy, describing the Minute Men, April 19, 1775 ______

April is here! April is here! a picnic, then we went up to the North Bridge The heading above doesn’t quite have that Museum. Sue took me inside and I saw a diorama patriotic wail of the historically inaccurate (but of the battle of Lexington and Concord. Then Sue nonetheless thrilling) “The British are coming, the told me all about the Revolutionary War. Soon I British are coming!” But it will have to do. What was reading books and watching shows about the it does do is call attention to the fact that April’s Revolution. muster is on the 6th and will be at the usual time (7:30pm) at the Pierce House. And, as usual, our good Captain, the esteemed Don Hafner, promises to tantalize our taste buds with some tasty treats. This meeting is important because it’s the final one before the April events commence. So, if you have any last-minute ideas or suggestions you’d like to have considered for this event season, this muster would be a perfect forum for you to share.

Special note for the Bedford Pole Capping There will be no parking at the Bedford High School, where we have traditionally mustered. Instead, continue on Route 62 (heading toward Concord) past the High School and past Wilson Park (where the Pole Capping takes place) until you come to St. Michael’s Church on the left, about a quarter-mile beyond Wilson Park. Park behind the church, walk back toward the High On Patriots’ Day, I saw the Minute Men fight School, and muster at the Town Center, which is the Redcoats in Concord and Lexington. Later I within sight of the High School. We must be saw the Minute Men ceremony. We marched assembled and ready to march at 10:00am. with the Lincoln Minute Men to the Pierce House. Even though some of the particulars of this I asked Captain Hafner of the Lincoln Minute event have changed, Bedford’s generosity hasn’t: Men if I could join. He said, “Yes.” I was really the Town will provide all participants with its excited! Soon I got to march with my Mom in the usual rib-sticking, tummy-warming lunch fare Fourth of July Parade. after the event. If you have questions about where I started fife lessons when I turned eight. I to meet and/or park, call Rich Meyers at 781-259- know I won’t be able to do it in time for Patriots’ 9851. Day this year, but I’ll get to play someday, and I’ll learn drums, too. I can’t wait to march with How I became a Lincoln Minute Man the Lincoln Minute Men on Patriots’ Day this BY REED HARDER (age 8) year and help make April 19th feel real to other When I was six, I was canoeing down the people, too. Concord River with my Mom and my neighbor, Sue. Soon we came to a bridge, and Sue said it “ Fly Like An Eagle” (Scout, that is) was the North Bridge. We pulled ashore and had BY BEN WOLCOTT I am writing to announce that I will be doing Hey, this ain’t no charity my Eagle Scout Project on the Fiske Hill Trail in Oh. Wait a minute.... It is. Whoops. Your Lexington on Saturday, April 24th, from 9:00am Adjutant got a bit carried away. to 3:00pm. Lunch (and snakes!) will be provided. The point he’s trying to make here is that even (Snakes aren’t very good with peanut butter, let this charity needs your charitable support. So, me tell you.) Bring your work gloves and full cajoling notwithstanding, now is a good time to bottle of water. We need volunteers. remind you that dues continue to be an We will be adding waterbars to the trail to outstanding bargain: only $15 for individuals, $20 improve the flow of water off the trail. This will for families. Please send your dues payment to reduce erosion the trail is currently experiencing. Acting Paymaster Steve Humphrey if you’ve not If you have any questions, please call me done so already. Thanks. 781-893-4562. See you there! Upcoming lecture has a very special guest Good morning, Ms. Phelps; your mission... “An Interpreter’s Narrative of the Events of April ...should you decide to accept it, is to recruit 18 and 19, 1775” your fellow Minute Men to participate in school -- Guest Speaker, George Neumann presentations in April. Wednesday, April 7th, 1999, at St. Brigid’s Hall, And recruit she did! Holly Phelps once again Lexington, at 7:00pm. has done a splendid job of arranging visits to the (write-up provided by the Battle Road local schools. And all who have thus far made Committee) appearances deserve the Company’s thanks as well: Alan Budreau, Don Hafner, Wayne Mount, Join us as we explore the events collectively Holly Phelps, Jackie Risser, Rick Wiggin, Larry called Battle Road. From the first signs of British Zuelke, plus those stalwards from Middlesex 4-H, troop movement in Boston and the spy network Dan and Sam Adams. These visits help that watched their every move, to the ultimate perpetuate the memory of the Minute Men and retreat of the weary soldiers to Charlestown, their efforts in 1775 to ensure liberty for our new Mr. Neumann will guide us through the series of country. Also, our talks encourage young people events that made up this momentous day. For to see the value of history and to treasure our those of you that have heard Mr. Neumann speak, country’s rich legacy. If you’d like to be a part of you know that this is an evening not to be missed! this important outreach activity, please contact The evening will commence with a Holly at 617-333-0910. performance by the Middlesex County 4-H Fife & Drum Corp. The evening’s event will include a We got ‘em hardy and stout (so to speak) raffle for George Neumann’s new book, Battle Braving dismal, dreary, gray, and otherwise Weapons of the American Revolution. All funds unpleasant weather, a rather impressive number of raised will go toward the support of Battle Road musketpersons and musicians assembled on 1999/2000. March 28th for the yearly Marching and Musket Tickets at the door: $5.00. Your RSVP would Drill Muster. While the musicians moved their be appreciated to help us to plan seating. Please practice indoors (to protect their instruments, contact us via e-mail at [email protected] or at particularly the drums — or so they claim), the 978-779-5488. Directions available upon request. “musketeers” continued their training efforts in the dank conditions. And, from all reports, they Last chance before the big dance were spiffy. Huzzahs to them and to the No, we’re not talking about the “trip to the musicians (who continue to show improvement Final Four.” Rather, this newsletter closes with under the tutelage of our fife and drum instructors, one last pitch for you to attend April 6th’s muster Sarah and Jim MacConduibh). at the Pierce House starting at 7:30pm. It’ll be a humdinger! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 7 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) March 1999

Lincoln was reading Aesop’s Fables one day after chores when his cousin Denny Hanks came to look at what book he had his head in. “Aesop’s Fables,” snorted Hanks, “why they’re just nothing but lies!” “Yes,” Lincoln said with a smile, “but dang good lies.”

-- quoted from The Wit & Wisdom of Abraham Lincoln by James C. Humes ______

The Social Event Of The Season Is Here Yes, YES! It’s here! The muster you’ve all School Programs: A LMM Raison D’être been waiting for. What could it possibly be? But, One of the most important functions of the of course, it’s none other than the Lincoln Minute Lincoln Minute Men is our group’s participation Men’s Fourth Annual Cartridge Rolling and Pizza in school presentations given in March and April Muster. of each year. These visits help perpetuate the Bring your family! Bring your friends! Or, at memory of the Minute Men and their efforts in least, bring yourself. Whomever thou bringest is 1775 to ensure liberty for our then-fledgling your business, but those who attend will have a country. Also, our talks encourage young people great time and share in some superb Bertucci’s to see the value of history and to treasure our pizza. And because this is so darn special, please country’s rich legacy. If you’d like to be a part of note the muster’s date and time: March 9th at this important outreach activity, please contact the 6:30pm. Event Coordinator, Holly Phelps (617-333-0910). Our good Captain, the Honorable Don Hafner, would like to hear from anyone who might be The Term “Slackers” May Be A Bit Blunt willing to either pick up the pizza and soda or In a nutshell, though, some of you have help get the Pierce House set up for our shindig. simply not paid your dues. Those who don’t may Neither are hard, but having assistance with either feel the wrath of Paulie “Show Me Da Money” would help the Captain immensely. If you’d like Revere, Colonial shakedown specialist. Threats to help, you can reach Don at 617-489-2539. notwithstanding, dues continue to be an outstanding bargain: only $15 for individuals, $20 Required, But Bribes Provided Anyway for families. So consult your checkbook ledger, A famous comedian used to say something and if you are in arrears, please send your dues like, “If you look good, then you feel good.” He payment to Acting Paymaster Steve Humphrey as finished this little routine by saying, slyly, “And soon as possible. you look marvelous!” Well, we usually look darn good, but to get to the “looking marvelous” stage, Check It Before You Wear It you’re cordially required to attend the Quartermaster Bill Stason encourages all Company’s Annual Marching and Musket Drill members -- new and seasoned, young and not-so Muster on March 28th at Lincoln’s Hartwell young -- to take a look at their uniform and School parking lot at 2:00pm. The bribery musket equipment before the April events start mentioned above consists of various and sundry up. In short, just peruse your stuff to be sure baked goods and hot beverages. The Captain everything is in order. If you find your equipment recognizes the importance of well-fed troops! needs attention, give Bill a call at 781-259-8939. In the event of inclement weather, the muster will still meet at the parking lot, then regroup at a Officers: Huzzahs For One And All... nearby indoor location. Captain Don Hafner We have a reputation for being a sharp- First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey looking group -- let’s keep it up! We’re a spirited Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers and dedicated bunch; let’s work together on the Ensign Paymaster open 28th to be even better. Quartermaster Bill Stason Historian Bob Hicks Drum Major Rich Meyers Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo At-Large Member Dave White At-Large Member Camille Groves

...but only if you want to. A nice handshake and a warm greeting would probably suffice. A couple of brief items for your consideration.... First, as you can see, the Ensign Paymaster position is still open. As you’re probably aware, our Acting Paymaster (Steve Humphrey) is also our First Lieutenant, and the latter position makes him the leading candidate to replace Don Hafner in the Captaincy later this year. The Captain’s job is a busy one, to be sure, and one that should be free from other Company responsibilities. If you’d like to help the Company (and Steve) and are interested in serving as Paymaster, feel free to contact Steve at 781-899-0933 with any questions you may have. Last, but not least, Drum Major and Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers feels he’s wearing too many hats, too. Rich says, “Serving as Adjutant has been a great five-year ride, but it’s time for someone else to step up to the plate and take their cuts at the position. Besides, the members are probably getting a bit tired of my sardonic humor. Whatever. Being Adjutant has been fun and a great way to express myself (as if that has ever been a problem).” If you’d like to find out more about this exciting position, you can give Rich a call at 781-259-9851.

Yeh, He and I Were in the Army Together The Concord Historical Museum will be featuring an exhibition on “George Washington: Portrait of a Patriot,” from March 12th through June 6th, observing the 200th anniversary of Washington’s death. The exhibit will include 19th century prints and a series of special lectures and performances. For details on the programs and museum hours and admission, call 978-369- 9763.

It’s Still Wrap And Roll To Me! With apologies to Billy Joel, we close this scintillating edition of the Dispatch with this: bring your appetites, good humor, and willingness to get your hands dirty to March 9th’s 6:30pm muster at the Pierce House. Good food and good times are a guarantee! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 6 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) February 1999

When I was a small boy in Kansas, a friend of mine and I went fishing and as we sat there in the warmth of the summer afternoon on a river bank, we talked about what we wanted to do when we grew up. I told him that I wanted to be a major league baseball player.... My friend said that he’d like to be president of the United States. Neither of us got our wish.

-- Dwight D. Eisenhower (as quoted in The Joy of Keeping Score by Paul Dickson) ______

April Is Fast Approaching! Our instructors, Sarah and Jim MacConduibh (fife There’s not much time between now and the and drum, respectively), were on hand at the first start of the April events, and your ideas and rehearsal which was well attended despite the fact suggestions for making this the best April ever are that a NFL playoff game was being telecast. The welcome. So, come join us for the next Muster, true patriots showed their colors.... at the Pierce House on February 2nd at 7:30pm Just kidding. There won’t be such an excuse and share your thoughts about April with us. for the next rehearsal, though, which is scheduled An important topic that will be discussed and for January 31st, 2:00pm, at Bemis Hall. (The voted upon at the meeting is the implementation rehearsal will be long over by the time the Super of a policy regarding a minimum age for the Bowl starts.) music corps. Just as we have an age-related Drum Major Rich Meyers received numerous policy regarding musket training and use, comments about Jim and Sarah after the rehearsal, something similar perhaps should be adopted all of them enthusiastically positive. Find out for regarding potential musicians. Although there are yourself what all the fuss was about by joining us few (if any) safety issues concerning musicians this coming Sunday at Bemis. and their instruments, the Company needs to If you have questions about the Music deliberate on an appropriate balance between Program or would like to receive a rehearsal encouraging participation by youngsters and schedule, please feel free to call Rich at 781-259- assuring that our music corps shares the skills 9851. needed to sound good and have fun. Thus, it seems prudent to establish a few guidelines Bloody Angle Skirmish Participants designed to avoid disappointments and yet A reminder — this year the Battle Road encourage and nurture youngsters into the Music Skirmish on Saturday, April 17th, will be special, Program. because the National Park is allowing a As is his steadfast tradition, Captain Hafner “commemoration” at the so-called Bloody Angles will treat all muster attendees to coffee and in Lincoln — the site where the five British cookies — outstanding stuff, to be sure! Join us soldiers now lying in Lincoln’s cemetery were for a bite and a chat as we continue to move killed, the site of Mary Hartwell’s act of forward. compassion. The Lincoln Minute Men will have a place of Get Your Uniform Out Of Mothballs honor at this site. If you have visited the site, you With the April event season looming closer, will know how terrifying the battle there must now would be a good time to examine your have been. uniform, musket, and/or musical instrument to The Captain seeks commitments from make sure everything is in order. If you find your members to form a musket platoon for the equipment needs attention, please contact Skirmish. In past years, the Lincoln Minute Men Quartermaster Bill Stason at 781-259-8939. have distinguished themselves for their discipline and precision — no hayseed rustics from Lincoln, Music Program Has Started In Earnest by Jove! The requirements are a willingness to January 10th marked the start of the participate in a musket safety and practice Company’s new and exciting Music Program! session on March 28th (including live firing in Rick Wiggin’s backyard) and adding enough variation in your colonial clothing so that we do not look like a “uniformed” group. (The Captain has suggestions for how to do this at modest expense — but you need to plan ahead.) Are you ready to serve?

Officers: It’s Acceptable To Salute Them... Captain Don Hafner First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers Ensign Paymaster you, perhaps? Quartermaster Bill Stason Historian Bob Hicks Drum Major Rich Meyers Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo At-Large Member Dave White At-Large Member Camille Groves

...preferably with honor and dignity and not with some gesture unmentionable in a family publication. Acting Paymaster Steve Humphrey has indicated his willingness to help anyone interested in serving as Paymaster, and he is quick to point out that being Paymaster isn’t hard and can be quite fun. If you’d like to support the Company in this important role, please contact Steve at 781- 899-0933.

Be There Or Be A Red Turncoat Well, that may be a bit strong, but you can help finalize our April plans and deliberate on our music policy by attending the next muster on February 2nd, 7:30pm, at the Pierce House. See you there! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 5 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) January 1999

If the fellow on the white horse is not Saint Nick and the others are not his elves, then I believe we’re in bloody big trouble....

— comment from one Hessian sentry to another, just before Washington’s attack on Trenton, Christmas Day, 1776 ______

Final January Muster of the Millennium Yes, your Adjutant knows that some number First Lieutenant (and former Ensign theorists and mathematicians feel that the new Paymaster par excellence) Steve Humphrey has century doesn’t start until 2001. But who really offered to serve as Acting Paymaster until a cares what they think, anyway? Those of us who volunteer for the position steps forward. Steve aren’t so fixated on trivialities have the wonderful has indicated his willingness to assist anyone opportunity to partake in our last January meeting wanting to “learn the ropes,” and he is quick to of the 1900s when we convene at the Pierce point out that being Paymaster isn’t hard and can House at 7:30pm on January 5th. be quite fun. If you think you’d like to serve the Most, if not all, of the coordinators (a.k.a., Company in this important role, please contact “honchos”) for the April events have been Steve at 781-899-0933. selected, but if you have questions about any of the events or would like to offer suggestions on Music Program Development Progressing how we could improve an event, we’d love to Its looking more and more like the Company’s hear from you. Also, the Captain will continue new Music Program will be starting sometime in his most excellent tradition of providing delicious January. Right now the Music Committee’s snacks. There is circumstantial evidence that current thinking is that rehearsals will occur every indicates that the quality of the muster is tied to two weeks on Sunday afternoons at Lincoln’s the tastiness of the grub, and lately the treats have Bemis Hall and will last approximately 1-1/2 been marvelous! hours. We are nearing the final stage of discussions with our prospective instructors (one A Muffled Drum and Remembrance for fifes, the other for drums), and it is our hope to The Lincoln Minute Men wish to extend their secure their services shortly after the start of the sympathy and support to the family of Henry new year. Rugo. Henry’s wife, Faith, died just prior to If you have any questions about the Thanksgiving, after a long and courageous Committee (Don Hafner, Steve Humphrey, Rich struggle with cancer. The Company remembers Meyers, Ben Soule, Dave White) or the Music and is deeply grateful for all that the Rugo family Program, please feel free to call Rich at 781-259- has contributed to the restoration and growth of 9851. the Minute Men over the decades. We are saddened. Deadbeat Patriots? Hard to Believe! Did you find a small envelope in this Your Officers: Patriots One and All newsletter, addressed to the Lincoln Minute Men? Captain Don Hafner If you did, it means that the Paymaster wishes to First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey bring to your attention that you have not yet paid Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers your dues for 1998. Dues are $15 for individual Ensign Paymaster you, perhaps? membership and $20 for family membership. Quartermaster Bill Stason This is a very modest amount, barely enough to Historian Bob Hicks cover the cost of the newsletter for a year. Show Drum Major Rich Meyers your support for our activities and purpose, and Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo mail that check today. (Make the check to “The At-Large Member Dave White Lincoln Minute Men,” and note on it that it is for At-Large Member Camille Groves dues.) Schedule of Spring Events Abbott and William Thorning, were guests of The enclosed schedule of events will help you honor at the laying of the cornerstone for the reserve dates on your calendar for the annual Bunker Hill Monument fifty years later, in commemorations. The schedule notes who the 1825. main coordinators are for each event, but they will need help from all. Please be prepared with a -Several Lincoln soldiers served at Ticonderoga, cheery “yes” when called upon for assistance. several at Saratoga, and one was a member of The Company is grateful for the leadership of a the Life Guard to General Charles Lee. (Lee few, but it thrives on the generosity of the many. was a Virginian who served in the siege of Boston in 1775 but gained greatest notoriety Bloody Angle Skirmish Participants for his ambition to replace Washington as Yes, the fellows in Red Coats keep picking commander of the Army, an ambition that was fights at the North Bridge, and each year the undone when he was captured in slippers and Lincoln Minute Men help drive them back to dressing gown by a British raiding party on a Boston. This year will be special, however, December morning in 1776. Whether this because the National Park is allowing a Lincoln soldier was one of the guards who fled “commemoration” at the so-called Bloody Angles when attacked by the British raiders is a in Lincoln — the site where the five British question we’ll have to ask George Quintal.) soldiers now lying in Lincoln’s cemetery were killed, the site of Mary Hartwell’s act of Chase Those Post-Holiday Blues Away... compassion. ...by coming to the January 5th muster at The Lincoln Minute Men will have a place of 7:30pm at the Pierce House. Delicious goodies honor at this site. If you have visited the site, you await your perusal and sampling, but, more will know how terrifying the battle there must importantly, your thoughts, ideas, and good cheer have been. are what drive the meeting. See you there! The Captain seeks commitments from members to form a firing party for this event. In past years, the Lincoln Minute Men have distinguished themselves in these Skirmishes, for their discipline and precision — no hayseed rustics from Lincoln, by Jove! The requirements are a willingness to participate in several safety and practice sessions (including live firing in Rick Wiggin’s backyard) and adding enough variation in your colonial clothing so that we do not look like a “uniformed” group. (The Captain has suggestions for how to do this at modest expense — but you need to plan ahead.) Are you ready to serve?

Lincoln Minute Men after April 19th We are grateful to George Quintal, a Lincoln resident and Historian for the Arnold Expedition Historical Society, for the following information from his research on Lincoln’s soldiers of 1775:

-An unknown number of Lincoln men fought at the rail fence on the vital left flank of American forces at Breed’s Hill. (You will recall from Mike Ryan’s presentation at the November muster that Capt. William Smith himself was absent from the Battle of Bunker Hill, due to illness.) Two of these old soldiers, Nehemiah THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 4 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) December 1998

— Well, at least the Patriots in Lincoln are better than the ones in Foxboro. — Yeah. That shouldn’t be too hard. — possibly overheard by an LMM member while riding the ‘T’ to work earlier this week ______Tuesday, December 1st — Musketeers -- willingly gave up his horse (a symbol Welcome at Upcoming Muster of rank) on April 19th when asked Though December’s meeting won’t have a to do so in Concord; guest speaker like November’s muster did, the -- served as a captain of marines on a upcoming meeting has important business, privateer ship after the War was nonetheless. Volunteers (not victims) to serve as well under way; Event Honchos and Assistants will be encouraged -- ended up being part of a prisoner swap to step forward, and a preliminary musket drill after being captured. and firing party practice will be held. Further (yes, there’s more!), there is rumor of a real As you can imagine, those fortunate enough to reenactment of Paul Revere’s capture, horses and attend the muster were thoroughly engrossed by all (if Lincoln is willing) and a larger Lincoln role Mike Ryan’s wonderful way of telling a story. in the upcoming Battle Road Skirmishes (1999 Captain Hafner was absolutely delighted with and 2000). the fine turnout and warm reception given to If the above topics aren’t enough to entice Mr. Ryan. Among those attending the muster you, the Adjutant has it on fairly good authority were these honorable Minute People: Alan that Captain Hafner may try to bring goodies and Budreau, Robert Cunningham, Allan Groves, beverages suitable to the holiday season. The Camille Groves, Don Hafner, Bob Hicks, Logan muster will start at the usual time of 7:30pm on Hicks, Steve Humphrey, Bob Kelleher, Steve December 1st at the Pierce House. Those McCarthy, Rich Meyers, Emily Phelps, Holly bringing their cartridge box along with their Phelps, Fran Powers, Fred Richardson, Henry musket will get an extra treat! Rugo, Rick Wiggin, Karl Zuelke, Katrina Zuelke, and Larry Zuelke. November Muster: an Evening to Remember If any attendees weren’t listed, the Adjutant Captain Hafner’s good friend and Boston apologizes and humbly asks for forgiveness.... College colleague, Dean Michael Ryan, was the special guest speaker at November’s get-together. Dean Ryan’s topic was Lincoln’s first Captain (and commanding officer at the North Bridge), William Smith. Research done by Ryan (who is also an interpreter with the Minute Man National Park) reveals that Mr. Smith was, shall we say, a more colorful character than we were aware. Among other things, William Smith: -- suffered from an alcohol problem; -- failed multiple times in various business ventures; -- engaged in constant self-promotion to be given an officership; -- was sick (and not present) at the Battle of Bunker Hill; -- was AWOL once for nine months; -- was charged with counterfeiting (but never convicted); -- was a “deadbeat dad”; -- married a woman a few months prior to his death (even though his other wife was still living in Lincoln).

To be fair to Captain Smith, he did have some redeeming qualities: -- joined the Sons of Liberty; was considered “personable”; Music Program Letter Generates Feedback ...and it was all positive! Drum Major Rich Meyers appreciates the calls and comments he’s received since his letter was mailed last month. There are still a number of details to discuss and work out before practices begin, however. The next issue of the Dispatch will likely provide considerably more information along these lines. Give Rich a call at 781-259-9851 if you have questions or an interest in being part of what will likely be a fun and exciting program of good music!

Our Very Own Fine and Stalwart Officers Captain Don Hafner First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers Ensign Paymaster [It could be you!] Quartermaster Bill Stason Historian Bob Hicks Drum Major Rich Meyers Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo At-Large Member Dave White At-Large Member Camille Groves

See You after Thanksgiving (and after the football) A final reminder: December’s muster will be on the 1st, at 7:30pm, at the Pierce House. Be sure to bring your musket! THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 3 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) November 1998

“This may certify, that Captain William Smith of Lincoln, appeared on Concord parade early in the morning of April 19, 1775, with his company of minute-men; was ordered to leave his horse by the field-officer, and take post on an adjacent hill — the British troops possessing the North Bridge. He voluntarily offered, with his company, to endeavor to dislodge them ...” -- deposition of Major John Buttrick, November 1776, in support of Capt. William Smith’s claim for compensation for his lost horse ______

Special November Muster Program !

“The Curious Life of Capt. William Smith”

a presentation by

D. Michael Ryan

Historical Interpreter, Minute Man National Park Historian, Concord Minute Men Associate Dean, Boston College

Pierce House, Tuesday, Nov. 3rd, 7:30 PM

Have you wondered why William Smith was elected the first Captain of the Lincoln Minute Men? Only 29 years old and no military experience? So inept at running his own affairs that his farm was placed in trust with his relatives? And what became of his wife after April 19th -- or was it wives?

Mike Ryan was the author of “The Mystery of the British Skulls,” which was included in the October Dispatch.. So you already know he can spin a fascinating tale. Come join us for Mike’s account of aspects of the life of William Smith that you almost certainly have not heard before.

As usual, the Captain will treat those attending to coffee, cider, and cookies.

The Muster will be concluded before the election returns come in from the polls, so come join us, and enjoy two celebrations of American democracy on Tuesday night!

THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 2 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) October 1998

Jackie Risser was a Godsend! -- fellow Elderhostel fifer Rich Meyers ______

October Muster: No Goblins Nor Ghouls Hafner, Rich Meyers, Wayne Mount, Jackie Note that nothing was said about no ghosts! Risser, Rick Wiggin, and Larry Zuelke shared (As Mom always said, “Don’t promise what you their keen (?) insights on the events surrounding can’t deliver.”) Even if various and sundry spirits April 19, 1775, and Lincoln’s important role in of Halloween don’t appear, you can get in touch that day’s developments. Extra special mention with your Colonial ancestors (in a roundabout must be made about Jackie Risser who provided a kind of way) by attending the October 6th muster rock-solid fifing boost to the group’s musical at the Pierce House. As usual, it will start at offerings. It was fine evening! 7:30pm. You can be a part of this fun, too. We are It’s quite likely Captain Hafner will continue scheduled to do another Elderhostel presentation his generous tradition of providing devilishly good on October 8th. We assemble in Lincoln at cookies and coffee, so don’t miss out on the food 6:45pm and are done by 8:00. It’s quite painless and fun by arriving late (or, worse yet, not at all!). and not hard at all. It’s not often one gets a chance to do something for the community that is Whoa! We’ve Just Barely Started October actually educational and enjoyable, but The Captain has asked me, your faithful participating in Elderhostels are such an Adjutant, to let you know of something special opportunity. Contact Rich Meyers at 781-259- that’s scheduled for our November 3rd muster: 9851 to sign up now! Mike Ryan, the historian of the Concord Minute Men who serves as a historical interpreter with the Watch Your Mail For An Important Notice Park and appears in the guise of William Smith at No, it’s not going to be another one of those the Smith House, has offered to speak to us on his darn American Publisher’s Clearinghouse packets research about the Lincoln Minute Men’s first with Ed McMahon’s picture on the front! Instead, Captain. Our current Captain Hafner will treat us be on the lookout for a letter from new Drum to his usual stash of tasty goodies, but the real Major Rich Meyers talking about some ideas and treats of the November muster are clearly plans regarding the Company’s music program. Mr. Ryan and the opportunity for each of us to This letter will be sent to all members in the near learn more about a man who was, as it has been future so keep your eyes peeled (ouch!). said, “there at the very start, when all heck broke loose.” You, Too, Can Join This Stellar Crew Of... Accompanying this issue of the Dispatch is an Captain Don Hafner article Mike wrote recently about another Lincoln First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey connection to the events of April 19th. It shows Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers Mike Ryan’s touch for both whimsy and history, a Ensign Paymaster you, perhaps? nice combination for a muster program. Quartermaster Bill Stason The Captain dropped the broad hint that Mike Historian Bob Hicks Ryan is a personal friend and that a large and Drum Major Rich Meyers inquisitive audience will be a great pleasure (and Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo will honor William Smith at the same time). At-Large Member Dave White At-Large Member Camille Groves Elderhostels: One Down, One To Go An heroic sextet of your fellow patriots ...by informing the Captain of your interest to gallantly served as Colonial emissaries at the serve as the Company’s new Ensign Paymaster. September 24th Elderhostel event in Lincoln. Don This is an important, but not difficult, position and would allow you to work with the other Officers A final reminder: October’s muster will be on the as the Company makes its plans for the upcoming 6th, at 7:30pm, at the Pierce House. If you event season. If you have an interest in or provide your good self, we’ll provide the good questions about being Paymaster, contact the time. Captain at 617-489-2539.

LMM Provides Talkmeisters To MMNHP No, there were no Jerry Springers, to be sure. Our members are too erudite for that kind of slop. Rather, LMM all-stars Fred Richardson, Steve Humphrey, and Don Hafner represented us at the Minute Man National Historic Park (MMNHP) in mock town meetings that were presented at Concord’s North Bridge on September 13th. Our intrepid members debated warrant articles that were voted in Concord’s town meetings just prior to the start of the Revolution. Huzzahs! to Fred, Steve, and Don for representing us with style and class and for their willingness to serve the Company in such a unique manner. (And we hear Steve Humphrey proved to be a dazzling turncoat — a growling Tory at one session, a rabid Patriot at the next. Such versatility we have in this Company!)

And Speaking of Historical Drama With the 225th anniversary of April 19th coming up in the Year 2000, several special events are in the works. Start thinking about your contribution. For one, the Lincoln Minute Men will be the prime participants in a “reenactment” of the clash at Bloody Angle during the Battle Road Skirmish. The Captain is seeking commitments from musket men to form a crack firing party, and from colonials generally to serve as interpreters for the public who will crowd around the site on the occasion. For another, we have a volunteer horse rider to stage Paul Revere’s ride from Lexington and his capture in Lincoln, as an event for the public We could make this drama even more elaborate with additional riders to serve as Dawes and Prescott (and maybe even Brits). This would resurrect a drama that Wayne Mount organized many years ago. Again, if we are going to do this for the Year 2000, we need to get commitments and plans in place soon. Catch the Captain’s ear and tell him what role you would like to play in these events.

See You Next Week Midnight Moans and the Mystery of the British Skulls

by D. Michael Ryan Historian, Concord Minute Men

They came three thousand miles and died collect two skulls for use in his lectures. Some To keep the past upon its throne. attendees at these presentations would recall Unheard beyond the ocean tide mention of the “Concord Fight” or allusion to the Their English mother made her moan. skulls coming from the North Bridge burial site. Felch is supposed to have stated that one skull “Lines” by James Russell Lowell “exhibited the bump of combativeness,” something likely in a soldier. The displayed Tales are told of visits to the North Bridge in skulls were described as one having a bullet hole the still of a dark night ,when among the haunting passing side to side and the other “much hoots of an old owl can be heard low, plaintive demoralized” (White’s hatchet blow?). moans. Imagination or the cries of despair connected to the disturbed remains of the two When Felch died in the late 1880s, his widow British soldiers killed on 19 April 1775 and laid to is said to have sold one skull (bullet hole) to a rest aside the Bridge? A question well addressed publisher Mr. Seagrave and others, who gifted during this month of All Saints Day eve when the item to the Worcester Society of Antiquity. A ghosts are wont to roam. Dr. Bates came into possession of the other skull (demoralized),which subsequently disappeared. In the colonial volley of musketry which The first skull was forwarded with a note to followed Maj. Buttrick’s fateful command, three Senator George F. Hoar (originally of Concord). of the British regulars struck would die in This gentleman in turn passed it with an Concord (Thomas Smith, Patrick Gray, and James explanatory letter (dated Nov. 27, 1891) to Mr. Hall of the 4th Regiment). Two would be buried George Brooks, President of the Concord where they fell, by Zechariah Brown and Thomas Antiquarian Society. Davis, Jr., while the third would be laid to rest near the town square. Of the first two, one died Hoar’s correspondence expressed concern that instantly with a ball through his head and the the entire matter be kept private and out of the other, wounded, was supposedly struck the papers to avoid ridicule. He suggested reburial at legendary hatchet blow to the head by Ammi the Bridge site be secret and recorded only in the White and expired hours later. Society archives. Handwritten on the bottom of Hoar’s original, typed letter was the note, The Bridge burial site was thinly marked with “Returned to the grave December the fifth, 1891 two field stones, only slightly disturbed by the by E.R. Hoar and Henry L. Shattuck.” placement of the Battle Monument in 1836 and the planting of some 200 trees in 1838. A group Here the tale of the wayward skulls should of English citizens from Waltham would donate have come to somewhat of an incomplete end funds in 1875 for the stone posts and chain, along (one skull missing). However, it was only about with a granite block inscribed “Grave of British to take an odd twist and enter a stranger phase. Soldiers,” In 1910, an anonymous person would provide the tablet containing poet Lowell’s words. Historian James Stark had heard rumors of the Intertwined among these events, the mystery of mysterious British soldiers’ skulls in 1909 and the skulls would unfold. queried the Worcester Society of Antiquity. The response from that organization was vague and Between 1838 and 1844, phrenologist Walton strange. A letter stated that the Society had Felch quietly (and allegedly) obtained Concord purchased the skulls (plural) from Professor selectmen’s approval to open the Bridge grave to Fowler’s (sic) widow and that the phrenologist 103 had Concord selectmen’s permission to dig them up. The Society claims to have bought the skulls If in fact Thoreau and Wheeler are correct and at the request of Senator George Hoar with the Felch’s skulls were from Lincoln, then the skull intent to have them (both) returned to the original reburied in 1891 at North Bridge was done so Concord grave. It appears that over an 18 year incorrectly. Confusion as to the objects’ origins period (1891-1909), the phrenologists involved may have been fostered by Felch himself may have changed and Hoar received two skulls mentioning the “Concord Fight” and desiring to not one. play on the town’s public recognition factor.

Historians continued to ponder the strange The mystery has now heightened. The skulls evidence of the skulls’ travels. Albert Tolan of were taken from which location? Were they taken Worcester was doubtful at first, then came to from more than one site? Were more than two believe the tales. Ruth Wheeler and others had skulls taken in all? Does the North Bridge grave quiet knowledge but could find no proof positive contain two full skeletons and a third skull, or is it and thus said little. Then in 1976, Lincoln missing one skull? Are there two skulls missing archaeologist/historian Roland W. Robbins from the Lincoln cemetery? startled everyone by announcing, “What a calamity. This group of sincere citizens, anxious Doug Sabin, National Park Service historian, to rectify a disgraceful wrong, committed by an wrote in 1992 that “a certain individual outside earlier generation, had unbeknown to them the Park Service is interested in excavating the complicated rather than settled the issue.” (Bridge) grave to examine the remains of the Robbins believed that the British skulls had been British soldiers.” taken from a Lincoln grave, not the one at North Bridge, and he provided supporting evidence from Over 220 years ago, two brave British soldiers Henry David Thoreau. (Smith or Gray or Hall) were laid to rest where they fell in battle. Their remains have been On 19 April 1775 during the British retreat disturbed at least twice since. Solving the from Concord, in the vicinity of the Hartwell mystery of the skulls may require a third entry to Tavern in Lincoln, five grenadiers were killed. their grave. Then again, such an act may create The next day, Ephraim Hartwell and Edmund more of a mystery. Wheeler carted the bodies to the ancient Lincoln burying ground and laid them in a “potter’s field.” Perhaps the chilling moans heard in the still of night reflect the sorrow of young lives lost far Thoreau in his 1850 Journal noted a from home. Or perhaps the moaning is for the conversation with Edmund Wheeler’s grandson missing skull, or in horror that a third skull is William, in which it was revealed that a Mr. Felch present which seeks return to its own grave. Are (phrenologist) had dug up two of the British moans heard in Lincoln? Until answers are found soldiers’ skulls in Lincoln with permission of the to resolve the mystery of the skulls, between the selectmen. Wheeler claimed to have seen one last shadows of dusk and the early light of dawn, skull with a bullet hole and believed, based upon moans of nocturnal souls will continue to echo their size, that they belonged to grenadiers. about North Bridge.

When new internment sites were being opened NOTE: Presently in its final manuscript stages, a in the Lincoln cemetery during 1943, the graves work initially entitled “Humble Token - Stately of four British soldiers were mistakenly Tomb: A History of the ‘Grave of British unearthed. The skeletons were not closely Soldiers’” is being authored by Aryeh Finklestein checked to determine if skulls were missing. A of Newton, which promises to be a definitive 1976 excavation uncovered what was originally tome on this subject. believed to be the fifth soldier with skull intact, but closer examination indicated the bones to be Sources: of a woman and child. New questions arising “We Were There” by Col. Vincent J-R Kehoe, added to, instead of resolving the skulls’ mystery. 1975 104 “British Skull Controversy” by Doug Sabin, 9 Nov. 1992 “About the Ghosts at the North Bridge” Preview Magazine by Jason Korell, June 1984

D. Michael Ryan is Historian for the Concord Minute Men, an 18th Century history interpreter for the National Park Service, and Associate Dean of Students at Boston College.

105 THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 11 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) September 1998

It was a curious masquerade scene, to see grave sober citizens, barbers and tailors who never looked fierce before, strutting about in their Sunday wigs with muskets on their shoulders ... if ever you saw a goose assume an air of consequence, you may catch some faint idea. -- A British officer commenting about the appearance of New England militia soldiers ______

1st Muster of the Season -- Always Special Minute Man National Historical Park has The first muster of the 1998-1999 event invited us to take part in mock Town Meetings season is so special that it’s being moved to a that are being presented at the North Bridge to unique date. So, instead of being on the typical entertain and inform Park visitors. At our June first Tuesday of the month, September’s meeting muster, the Lincoln Minute Men voted to provide will be held on the 8th at 7:30pm at the Pierce a big turn-out for the Town Meetings to be held House. There will be a number of interesting on Sunday, September 13th. There are two topics to talk about, but the most important sessions, one at 1:30pm and the other at 3:00pm; business is the nomination and election of each lasts for about 45 minutes. Volunteers are Officers. welcome for one or both sessions. It has been rumored that Captain Hafner will The meetings will debate warrant articles that continue his tradition of treating muster attendees were actually introduced in Concord’s town to, well, treats (coffee and cookies), so be sure to meeting just prior (1774) to the start of the show up for something savory and to help get the Revolution. Volunteers for these events need new season off to a rousing start! only to appear in colonial attire and get roused up to debate the issues (and interact with the visitors, Without Further Ado, the Nominees Are... of course!). No advance knowledge is needed, ...the following upstanding citizens: just some imagination about what people might have argued about back then. Men and women Captain Don Hafner are welcome to participate, and Tory views are First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey especially welcome! Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers To be a part of something that is fun and Ensign Paymaster open entertaining, please call the Captain (617-489- Quartermaster Bill Stason 2539) at your earliest convenience. Historian Bob Hicks Drum Major Rich Meyers They’re Baaack.... Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo No, this is not the tag line for some horror At-Large Member Dave White movie. Rather, it’s an invitation for you to join in At-Large Member Holly Phelps one of the most fun activities of being a Lincoln Minute Men: participating in Elderhostel Nominating Committee members Rich Meyers presentations. Usually anywhere from 4 to 6 (or (Chairman), Rick Wiggin, and Larry Zuelke are more) LMM members combine to give an hour- really pleased to share this fine set of candidates long -- and quite spontaneous! -- talk about with you. Of course, these are nominees, so if Revolutionary life and history to a very receptive you want to propose someone else (yourself, and inquisitive audience. Even if you’re a bit shy perhaps?) to any of the positions, please feel free or rusty on your history, join the fun anyway. It’s to place your nomination(s) at the meeting this a great way to learn new stuff. If you are coming Tuesday. interested in being a part of this or if you have questions, contact Rich Meyers at 781-259-9851.

Best Thing at the Boston Air Show? Us! Go Ahead, Defend the Crown (you traitor) 106 Perhaps we’re not the most objective group of people, but, hey, when you’re good and you know it, why not toot your own horn? Anyway, it would be safe (and honest!) to say we did a wonderful job as the Honor Guard for the August 2nd installment of the air show at Hanscom. We were exceedingly well-represented by these patriots: Alan Budreau; Allan and Camille Groves; Don and Mieko Hafner; George and Bob Hicks; Steve Humphrey; Steve and Stevie McCarthy; Rich Meyers; Bob Schudy; Bill Stason; Bud Teabo; Kirsten and Dave White; Rick Wiggin; Karl and Larry Zuelke. Although it was exceptionally warm that day (and even warmer marching and standing on the runway tarmac), we moved sharply and fired our one musket volley crisply before exiting the field. It was a wonderful experience, and we hope we’re asked to do it again at the next air show in 2000. (And wait till you see the photos of Larry Zuelke arriving by bicycle, dressed in his Minute Man uniform!!)

See you next week A final reminder: September’s muster will be on Tuesday the 8th, 7:30pm, at the Pierce House. It’ll be fun!

107 THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 11 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) July 1998

To place any dependence upon Militia, is, assuredly, resting upon a broken staff. Men just dragged from the tender scenes of domestic life, unaccustomed to the din of arms, ... makes them timid and ready to fly from their own shadows. -- George Washington, to the Continental Congress, 1776 ______

July 4th: Happy Birthday, America! The Air Force has asked the Lincoln Minute Men to provide a contingent for a parade and * * Assemble by 9:45am * * honor guard at the Show. Hanscom has been very generous in providing support for local colonial Nothing matches the charming small-town groups, not least for providing logistics for the character of Lincoln’s Fourth of July Parade. And Battle Road Skirmish each year. Our the Parade could not go on without the Lincoln participation in the Show gives us a wonderful Minute Men to lead it off! opportunity to show our gratitude. We don’t need Let’s assemble in the Smith School Parking a large contingent, but this is one of those things Lot by 9:45am and prepare to dazzle the you ought to do as a community service. hometown crowd. Be sure to bring water and The Captain will have additional details sunscreen as it is likely to be a warm day. shortly about times and arrangements, but don’t compel him to call and wheedle you. Volunteer now so the Captain can provide a headcount to Rules are Rules: No Muskets in the Pool Hanscom. The Captain’s number is 617-489- 2539. Once again, as they have for uncounted years, Robbie and Margaret Cunningham have generously invited the members of the Company Argue About Things Colonial (Be a Tory Pig) to join them after the Fourth of July Parade for a dip in the Cunningham family pool, a bite of Minute Man National Historical Park has picnic goodies, and relaxed conversation with invited us to take part in mock Town Meetings friends and neighbors. that are being presented at the North Bridge to This is always great fun. And if you haven’t entertain and inform Park visitors. At our June seen Robbie in his Uncle Sam trousers or Larry muster, the Lincoln Minute Men voted to provide Zuelke do his cannonball, well, these ought to be a big turn-out for the Town Meetings to be held enticement enough to attend this enjoyable event. on Sunday, September 13th. There are two Contributions of salads, drinks, desserts, and sessions, one at 1:30pm and the other at 3:00pm; such are welcomed. Call Robbie (781-259-8066) each lasts for about 45 to 60 minutes. We will do to see how you can be most helpful . Robbie lives both sessions on that day along with members at 7 Woodcock Lane, off Weston Road, near the from other Colonial groups. Conant Road intersection -- just follow the sound The meetings will debate warrant articles such of splashes and happy chatter. as might have been introduced in town meetings just prior (1774) to the start of the Revolution. Volunteers for these events need only to appear in LMM Join Colonial Air Force at Hanscom colonial attire and get roused up to debate the issues (and interact with the visitors, of course!). August 1st and 2nd, Saturday and Sunday, is No advance knowledge is needed, just some the next Air Show at Hanscom AFB, featuring the imagination about what people might have argued Navy’s Blue Angels & the Army’s Golden about back then. Men and women are welcome to Knights. participate, and Tory views are especially welcome! 108 To be a part of something that promises to be fun and entertaining, please call the Captain at your earliest convenience.

109 THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 10 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) June 1998

... a task with a vision is victory. -- Martin Broones ______June Muster: Last (but certainly not least) knowledge is needed, just some imagination June 2nd marks our intrepid Company’s about what people might have discussed back final muster of this event season, and you’re then. Men and women are welcome to cordially invited to attend. The muster will be participate, and Tory views are especially at the Pierce House and will start at the usual welcome! time of 7:30pm. The delicious treats Captain There are two sessions on each day, one at Hafner brings will also make an appearance, but 1:30pm and the other at 3:00pm; each lasts for be warned: they disappear quickly so be sure to about 45 to 60 minutes. You can volunteer for arrive on time! one or all. To be a part of something that promises to be fun and entertaining, please call July 4th: Bring Sunscreen and Bug Juice the Captain at your earliest convenience. Let’s meet in the Smith School Parking Lot before 10:00am and prepare to dazzle the Dues the Right Thing hometown crowd. Arriving by then will give us The Ensign Adjutant has it on good enough time to prepare for the event, which authority that the membership has done a pretty steps off at 10:00am, and should ensure that no good job paying its dues this year. But let’s be one will have to get to the Smith School by way honest: should we be satisfied with just “pretty of Lincoln Station. Be sure to bring water, too, good”? No! Let’s try for at least “really good” as it is likely to be a warm day. and strive for “excellent.” To reach these upper echelons of greatness, all you have to do is send Honorable & Ancient Topic: Carpooling your dues payment to Ensign Paymaster Bob On Monday, June 1st, you’re invited to take Lenington. You can mail your check ($15 for part in the yearly frolic through downtown individuals, $20 for families) to Bob at 31 Boston usually referred to as the June Day Boyce Farm Road, Lincoln, 01773. Parade of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. A free lunch will be provided, and The Lincoln Minute Men Want You you’re invited to a free post-parade banquet, too. As mentioned in last month’s Dispatch, All you have to is show up (in uniform, please). Nominating Committee Chairman Rich Meyers Carpooling arrangements are being (781-259-9851), Rick Wiggin (781-259-0489), organized by the Captain. The number of and Larry Zuelke (781-259-9266) will be invitations is limited, so those wanting to “hitch meeting over the summer to prepare a list of a ride” would do well to call Doc Hafner nominees to be officers for the 1998-1999 event promptly (617-489-2539). season. Nominations and volunteers are invited. If you have any questions about any of the Town Meetings Can Actually Be Fun positions, please feel free to contact the The heading above is neither a contradiction incumbents: in terms nor an oxymoron. The Minute Man National Historical Park has invited us to take First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey part in mock town meetings on June 14, July 12, Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers August 9, and September 13. The meetings will Ensign Paymaster Bob Lenington debate warrant articles such as might have been Quartermaster (vacant) introduced in town meetings just prior (1774) to Drum Major Fred Richardson the start of the Revolution. Volunteers for these Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo events need only appear in colonial attire and Historian Bob Hicks get roused up to debate the issues (and interact Member-at-Large Camille Groves with visitors, of course). No advance Member-at-Large Dave White 110 The Quartermaster position has been vacant for Macaroni, it should be remembered, was a term this entire season, and it would be a tremendous frequently applied to London dudes. asset to the Company if someone (perhaps you!) would be willing to accept this role. The Thus the song had served in many capacities Captain would be happy to answer any when Dr. Richard Shuckburg, a surgeon in the questions you may have about being British army, seeing the raw New England Quartermaster. rustics gazing in open-mouthed wonder at the You can nominate yourself or a friend to any English cannons and soldiers, suddenly position. All any nominee needs is a desire to conceived the idea of writing new words to the serve and a willingness to be at most, but old tune to apply to the Patriots. Many lines of preferably all, of our events. the poem easily betray its origins:

“And there was Cap’n Washington, Medieval Monks Do Yankee Doodle? And gentlefolks about him; In case you’ve wondered about that They say he’s grown so ‘tarnal proud venerable tune, here is what Carl Holliday has to He will not ride without ‘em. tell about the history of Yankee Doodle, in his The Wit and Humor of Colonial Days (1912): He’s got him on his meeting clothes, Upon a slapping stallion; The tune of this popular ballad is older than He set the world along in rows, most of the existing nations. In the twelfth In hundreds and in millions.” century, it was used as a chant in Catholic churches of Italy, and when played slowly But he laughs best who laughs last. The doubtless served very well as a sacred air. But Colonists liked the song, sang it as their own, the melody was too easily learned to remain in and later, as they shot down the retreating such a limited service, and after 1200 we find it British from behind walls and trees, they gradually working its way into the daily life of whistled it with such mocking vim that the ordinary peasant. It became a most popular Cornwallis is said to have exclaimed, “I hope to vintage song in Spain and southern France; God I shall never hear that damned tune again!” reached northward into Holland, where, as a reaper’s song, it acquired the words “Yanker dudel, doodle down”; and at length it entered A Final Reminder: Don’t Forget... England, where, before the reign of Charles I, it ... that June’s muster will be held at the Pierce was a widely known nursery rhyme with the House on the 2nd at 7:30pm. We look forward words: to seeing you.

“Lucky Locket lost her pocket, Kitty Fisher found it — Nothing in it, nothing on it, But the binding round it.”

In the days of the Puritan rule in England, the Cavaliers wrote a song in ridicule of Cromwell, who, it is said, once rode into Oxford, mounted on a small Kentish horse and with his small plume tied into a knot:

“Yankee doodle came to town, Upon a Kentish pony; He stuck a feather in his cap And called him macaroni.” 111 THE LINCOLN MINUTE MAN DISPATCH Volume 9 All the news that’s fit to print (and then some) May 1998

What a fine-looking bunch of soldiers we have! -- exclaimed by the Captain several times during the April events ______Manic Minute Men to Meet at May Muster reasons.) Seriously, folks, our wonderful May 5th is an important date in history, if for no organization is fortunate to welcome several new other reason that it happens to be the date of our members “to the fold”: Donna Miller and Bill next muster at the Pierce House. As usual, the Stason. Both took part in the April events, and starting time will be 7:30pm. Not as usual, the they proved their mettle immediately by being muster will be commanded by Lieutenant Steve personable, eager, receptive, and willing to serve. Humphrey, while the Captain represents the Thank you, new members, for your contributions, Company at another gathering. Of course, we’ll and we look forward to your additional discuss our successes (!) in the April events, and involvement in the future. the meeting will also give you an opportunity to share your ideas about how we can “do” the April It’s Nominating Committee Time Again events even better. So, be sure to bring your Oh, yes, “it” is back again. Following the suggestions — and your appetites — to the May Bylaws, the Captain has appointed Rich Meyers, muster. It’ll be fun! Chair (781-259-9851), Rick Wiggin (781-259- 0489), and Larry Zuelke (781-259-9266) to Supplications to Weather Gods Pay Off prepare a list of nominees to be officers in our Though this April’s weather wasn’t perfect, it was august group for the 1998-1999 event season. If definitely palatable (and certainly a far cry better you have an interest in, or questions about any of than last year’s monsoon season). The Captain the positions, please feel free to contact the probably sold his soul to some devil somewhere, Nominating Committee. The current officers are: but, hey, we’re the better for it. And the Captain figures it was worth it because this year’s First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey activities saw a good number of participants and Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers eager and enthusiastic audiences joining us at our Ensign Paymaster Bob Lenington events. Quartermaster (vacant) Drum Major Fred Richardson Hip, Hip, Huzzah! (and all that rot) Sergeant-at-Arms Bud Teabo Hearty gratitude must be extended to all those Historian Bob Hicks who honcho’d the April events and school Member-at-Large Camille Groves programs: everything went beautifully. Your Member-at-Large Dave White dedication and follow-through is truly Ex Officio Rick Wiggin appreciated. Special thanks must be given, too, to Middlesex 4-H musicians Sam and Dan Adams, A couple words of note: The Quartermaster to our alarm rider Linda Burns, and to Jackie position has been vacant for this entire season, Risser’s friend, fifer Amelia Servi. Sam, Dan, and it would be a tremendous asset to the Amelia, and Linda, in the truest Minute Man spirit Company if someone would be willing to accept (and on not much more than a minute’s notice), this role. The Captain (and de facto provided much needed support to this year’s Quartermaster) would be happy to answer Alarm and Muster festivities. A tip of the questions you may have; he can be reached at tricorner to all! 617-489-2539. Most important, it is with a touch of sadness New Members Sign Roster Book in Blood that Fred Richardson has indicated that this year is Just kidding! That practice was abandoned his last as Drum Major. Fred has served Lincoln several years ago. Double just kidding!! We’ve joyfully and tirelessly in this capacity for many never done it (but only because of insurance years, and he wishes to “pass the baton” to

112 someone willing to oversee Lincoln’s musical The Lincoln Minute Men have been invited to program into the next century. next year’s Battle of Falmouth Harbor. Details You can nominate yourself or a friend to any are sketchy at this time, but it appears one of the position. All that any nominee needs is a desire to highlights of this skirmish will be a British serve and a willingness to be at most, but man-o-war firing volleys (blanks, that is) towards preferably all, of our events. the shore as British marines attempt to land in Being an officer is most enjoyable and a longboats. Of course, hearty colonials — wonderful way to learn more about how our group including us — will attempt to repel the unwanted functions. If you want to help us continue to grow interlopers with our own withering barrage of and further our historical and educational mission, musket fire. Sounds like a wonderful way to then you want to be an officer in the Lincoln spend a carefree summer afternoon.... Minute Men. A Final Reminder: Don’t Forget... You Can Be Honorable And Not Ancient ... that May’s muster will be held at the Pierce On June 1st, you’re invited to take part in the House on the 5th at 7:30pm. We look forward to yearly frolic through downtown Boston usually seeing you. Be there or be a Tory! referred to as the June Day Parade of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company. A free lunch will be provided, and you’re invited to a free post- parade banquet, too. All you have to is show up (in uniform, please). This is a very fun event! The Captain says: “It’s really worth the day off from work.” Contact the Captain for more details and carpool information.

Minute Men Go Back to School — Again With the able leadership again of Holly Phelps, a willing band of Minute Men appeared as historical interpreters this season at schools in Milton, Wayland, and Lincoln. In all, perhaps 400 eager faces greeted our visits. The ranks of Minute Men who participate in the school visits grows each year, much to our delight — no doubt because the word gets around that this is a lot of fun and those kids ask the darnedest questions! The sweep of the Captain’s sword in salute to all who contributed to this fine expression of the Company’s educational mission. That Holly Phelps is tough to keep track of — one day she’s school visits coordinator, the next she’s a snare drummer, then she shows up in the ranks carrying a musket for the Concord Parade. Amazing.

Did Ya Pay Them Dues?? Remember that envelope in the last newsletter? Did you fill it with a check and mail it in? If not ...

June 12, 1999: Mark Your Calendars Now 113 — The Lincoln Minute Man Dispatch —

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“I rejected the hardened, sullen-tempered Pharaoh of England forever. ...the wretch [King George], with that pretended title of Father of His People, who can unfeelingly hear of their slaughter, and composedly sleep with their blood upon his soul.”

-Thomas Paine, Common Sense, commenting on the battles of April 19, 1775

Tuesday, April 7th — Just A Typical Pre-Patriots’ Day Review, That’s All

April’s muster will be on the 7th, 7:30pm, at the Pierce House, and you’re invited to help finalize our plans for the April festivities. It is important for all Event Coordinators to be present, for a last review to avoid disasters. As usual, Captain Don Hafner is plotting to bring some of his delicious coffee and tasty cookies to the meeting. So, if chatting with your fellow comrades-in-arms isn’t enough incentive for you to attend, perhaps the treats will be.

No doubt you’ve already planned all of your April activities around our events, but in case you haven’t, the Captain has placed the final schedule for this month on the reverse side of this Dispatch. Remember: we’re always a sharp group, but we look our best when we have a good turnout. So, in a few words, we need you. Be sure to post the schedule on your refrigerator so you can help us be outstanding. Saturday, April 11th, the season begins!

March(ing) Madness: Not Basketball, But A Darn Good Practice

The Marching and Musket Drill held on March 29th was a complete success. For a group that doesn’t meet too often, it’s amazing how little time it takes us to regain our “midseason form.” The Captain wishes to thank all who participated in the practice, particularly the new recruits who gamely — and fearlessly — took their first steps in getting involved with our wonderful organization. A special “Huzzah!” must be given to Emily Phelps, Gay Van Ausdall, and Dave White for putting us through our paces with their fine music. Great job, everyone!

Singin’ The Dues

Ensign Paymaster Bob Lenington would love to hear from anyone who hasn’t paid their dues for the ‘97-’98 event season. To reflect the country’s low rate of inflation, the Paymaster has indicated that dues will remain at last year’s low levels of $15.00 for individuals and $20.00 for families. That’s a deal no matter how you slice it! Please make your check payable to The Lincoln Minute Men and send it in the enclosed envelope.

A Final Reminder...

... that the April 7th muster will start at 7:30pm at the Pierce House. Good food, good talk, good friends: it just doesn’t get any better. See you there!

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Dues envelope for mailing checks to Paymaster is enclosed. $15 for individuals, $20 for family

Bedford Pole Capping April 11th general words of encouragement -- I’ll write this one up (especially since I’ve been championing it for several years!).

Do we want to send out a final version of the schedule?

If we keep April’s newsletter really short (one side), we could put the entire April schedule on the other.

Medieval Monks Do Yankee Doodle?

In case you’ve wondered about that venerable tune, here is what Carl Holliday has to tell about the history of Yankee Doodle, in his The Wit and Humor of Colonial Days (1912):

The tune of this popular ballad is older than most of the existing nations. In the twelfth century, it was used as a chant in Catholic churches of Italy, and when played slowly doubtless served very well as a sacred air. But the melody was too easily learned to remain in such a limited service, and after 1200 we find it gradually working its way into the daily life of the ordinary peasant. It became a most popular vintage song in Spain and southern France; reached northward into Holland, where, as a reaper’s song, it acquired the words “Yanker dudel, doodle down”; and at length it entered England, where, before the reign of Charles I, it was a widely known nursery rhyme with the words:

“Lucky Locket lost her pocket, Kitty Fisher found it — Nothing in it, nothing on it, But the binding round it.”

In the days of the Puritan rule in England, the Cavaliers wrote a song in ridicule of Cromwell, who, it is said, once rode into Oxford, mounted on a small Kentish horse and with his small plume tied into a knot:

“Yankee doodle came to town, Upon a Kentish pony; He stuck a feather in his cap And called him macaroni.”

Macaroni, it should be remembered, was a term frequently applied to London dudes.

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Thus the song had served in many capacities when Dr. Richard Shuckburg, a surgeon in the British army, seeing the raw New England rustics gazing in open-mouthed wonder at the English cannons and soldiers, suddenly conceived the idea of writing new words to the old tune to apply to the Patriots. Many lines of the poem easily betray its origins:

“And there was Cap’n Washington, And gentlefolks about him; They say he’s grown so ‘tarnal proud He will not ride without ‘em.

He’s got him on his meeting clothes, Upon a slapping stallion; He set the world along in rows, In hundreds and in millions.”

But he laughs best who laughs last. The colonists liked the song, sang it as their own, and later, as they shot down the retreating British from behind walls and trees, they whistled it with such mocking vim that Cornwallis is said to have exclaimed, “I hope to God I shall never hear that damned tune again!”

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These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands by it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman.... What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly; ‘tis dearness only that gives everything its value. -Thomas Paine, The American Crisis, 1776

Change in Mandatory Drill Date -- Take Notice !!

- - - > Sunday, March 29th, 2:00pm, Smith School Parking Lot < - - -

Just like the Army!

First we say the 29th, then we say the 28th, now we say the 29th again. Well, Sunday, March 29th is, in fact, the firm date. The 29th was the original date announced in the season schedule sent out a while back (and prominently stuck on your refrigerator door, where all proper Colonial era announcements go). And the 29th avoids a conflict with Lincoln’s Town Meeting.

So ignore what the last newsletter said about the 28th, and report for inspection and drill on Sunday, March 29th, at 2:00pm, at the Smith School parking lot. As noted, there is no rain date for this event. If the weather is too awful, we’ll find a sheltered spot and pretend it is Valley Forge and Von Steuben is in charge. The Lincoln Company enjoys a reputation far and wide for marching, no matter what the impediment!

This is the only mandatory drill held by the Company, and it is important for all members to attend. The following are NOT acceptable reasons for being absent:

I’ve changed my mind; I’ve become a Tory. I’ve been subpoenaed by Kenneth Starr and must prepare my testimony. The FBI has warned me not to carry firearms until I’m cleared of suspicion in that other matter. I already know all the drills. (Oh, yeah? How many movements in Cradle Firelocks? What’s the 1764 drill for Right Face?)

And what are the best reasons for attending the practice drill?

Because you remember Tom Paine’s comment about summer soldiers and sunshine patriots. (If not, look at the top of this page.) Because we all look better when each of us looks good. Because the Lincoln Minute Men have been through thick and thin together over the years, and we owe it to each other to show up and support the group. Because at the end of the practice drill, we’ll all feel a bit prouder. Because you’ll be able to purchase T-shirts and sweatshirts from the LMM Clothier. Because hot drinks and cookies will be served.

These compelling inducements should provide more than enough impetus to see all of you Sunday, March 29th, at 2:00pm, at the Smith School parking lot.

Battle Road Skirmish Safety Session -- Sunday, March 29th at noon

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The Battle Road Skirmish is becoming an increasingly colorful and spectacular event as we head toward the Year 2000. In fact, we may have as many Minute Men and Redcoats participating as were present on April 19, 1775. This year the Skirmish is on Saturday, April 18th, beginning as the sun rises and running until late afternoon. Lincoln has fielded a crack musket team in the past, but we need more recruits and renewed safety practice.

Rick Wiggin has volunteered his backyard for the safety session on Sunday, March 29th. We will meet at noon and finish in time for the Company Drill Session at 2:00pm. The Company will provide munchies for lunch and cartridges for the safety session. Those who wish to participate should arrive at Rick’s with a musket and a leather cartridge box. If you do not have such equipment, contact Captain Don Hafner (617-489-2539) promptly, otherwise he may not have enough time to find what you need.

Lincoln’s Third Annual Cartridge Rolling and Pizza Party A Complete Success

The headline says it all. Good food, good laughs, and a good time were had by everyone who took part in March 10th’s roll-fest. Nary a grain of black powder landed on any pizza so everyone maintained their hearty appetite throughout the evening.

That Colonial Pizza Man, Benjamin Franklin Bertucci, supplied some of his fine wares, and those in attendance expressed their gratitude by consuming his delectable grub and producing a record number of cartridges. Hearty thanks must be extended to the Captain for picking up the goods at “Ben’s” bakery.

And, if that weren’t enough, providing colonial background music were none other than the Middlesex County Volunteers (MCV) Fifes and Drums. Your intrepid Adjutant, Rich Meyers, brought in his stereo and a copy of MCV’s latest recording, Guardian Angels. Several of you expressed interest in Angels, and, as a result, Mr. Meyers is willing to obtain copies of the recording for those who request it. Tapes cost $12.00; CDs are $15.00. Please contact Rich at 781-259-9851 no later than March 25th so he can bring copies of the recording to the March 29th (mandatory!) practice. Cash will be accepted; checks made out to MCV will be fine, too.

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Say! I like green eggs and ham! I do! I like them, Sam-I-am! And I would eat them in a boat. And I would eat them with a goat... And I will eat them in a house. And I will eat them with a mouse. And I will eat them here and there. Say! I will eat them ANYWHERE!

-ditty rumored to have been heard by George Washington, when dining with troops on the Cambridge Common, 1775

Tuesday, March 10th, 6:30pm — Roll ‘Em If Ya Got ‘Em Note the Date, Note the Hour — This Is Not The Usual Muster

The Pierce House will be the site of the Lincoln Minute Men’s Third Annual Cartridge Rolling and Pizza Party. No, don’t be concerned: we are not putting pizza into the cartridges nor are we sprinkling black powder on our pizza. (Well, you could, but you might get a few stares....) Anyway, in addition to outstanding pizza, the Company will provide soft drinks, cookies, and stirring colonial background music. This superb gastronomic combination, along with the sheer fun of making cartridges, makes this one of the best-attended musters of the year. So be sure to arrive at the special starting time of 6:30pm to stake out your position at the rolling table (and to claim your share of pizza).

Mandatory Drill Muster: March 28th — Required, Yes; Bribes Provided Anyway

A famous comedian used to say something like, “If you look good, then you feel good.” He finished this little routine by saying, slyly, “You look marvelous!” Well, we usually look darn good, but to get to the “looking marvelous” stage, you’re cordially required to attend the Company’s Annual Marching and Musket Drill Muster on March 28th at Lincoln’s Hartwell School parking lot at 2:00pm. The bribery consists of various and sundry baked goods and hot beverages. The Captain recognizes the importance of well-fed troops!

No Rain Date! In the event of inclement weather, the muster will still meet at the parking lot, then regroup at a nearby indoor location.

We have a reputation for being a sharp-looking group -- let’s keep it up! And did you know that our Company was the largest colonial unit in last year’s rain-drenched Concord Parade? We’re a spirited and dedicated bunch; let’s work together at this Muster to be even better.

February Colonial Dinner: Thanks For The Memories!

February 7, 1998, is a date that will live in the hearts of the Lincoln Minute Men for quite some time. The 7th was the Company’s first-ever Colonial Dinner, and it was a complete success. Good food and good times were topped only by the warmth and congeniality of the evening, made complete by music from Fred Richardson and our intrepid musicians (Ben Soule, Emily Phelps, and Ron Otero) and by Rick Wiggin’s stirring portrayal of Longfellow’s “The Midnight Ride of Paul Revere.”

A lot of effort went into this event, and it showed as everything ran as smoothly as a fine Swiss watch. Credit -- and Huzzahs! -- must be lavished upon the Dinner’s Coordinators: Camille Groves, Phoebe McCarthy, and Robin Mount. Thank you for your good work.

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John and Mary Szpak took photographs during the Dinner, and they’ll be available at March’s muster (don’t forget: 6:30pm special start time!). If you took pictures and would like to share them at the March muster, that would be great.

Capes: Good For Superman, Batman, And You...

...particularly if it’s cold and/or rainy in April. We all know this coming April is going to be warm and sunny, right? But in case we’ve angered Mother Nature in some manner, the Captain (and de facto Quartermaster par excellence) encourages all members interested in having a cape this Spring to contact him (617-489-2539) as soon as possible. The Captain/Quartermaster/all-around-great-guy will provide you with the materials (cloth and pattern) you’ll need to make your own authentic covering.

School Programs: An Integral Part Of Our Organization

One of the most important functions of the Lincoln Minute Men is our group’s participation in school presentations given in March and April of each year. These visits help perpetuate the memory of the Minute Men and their efforts in 1775 to ensure liberty for our then-fledgling country. Also, our talks encourage young people to see the value of history and to treasure our country’s rich legacy. If you’d like to be a part of this important outreach activity, please contact the (very energetic) coordinator, Holly Phelps, at 617-333-0910.

Battle Road Skirmish — Safety Session

The Battle Road Skirmish promises to get better and better as we move toward the year 2000 and the 225th anniversary of April 19th. As before, the Lincoln Minute Men will field a crack team of musket men, well drilled and terrifying to the Redcoats. However, to make them terrifying to the Redcoats — and not to each other — we need to do a practice drill. Rick Wiggin has again volunteered his backyard (and his geese) for practice firing. To participate, all you need is enthusiasm, a willingness to learn, and sufficient initiative to hustle up a leather cartridge case. The Company will provide muskets and cartridges. Contact the Captain promptly for details. The practice session will be in March, at a date and time to be set.

A Final Reminder

See you at the upcoming Cartridge Rolling and Pizza Party at the Pierce House on the special day, March 10th at the special time of 6:30pm. It will be a fun time!

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Oysters On The Half Shell King’s Soup Roast Beef and Yorkshire Pudding Mutton Chops Roast Suckling Pig Roast Turkey and Chestnut Stuffing Baked Virginia Ham Lima Beans Baked Acorn Squash Braised Celery and Almonds Hominy Pudding Sweet Potatoes Spiced Peaches in Brandy Spiced Cranberries Mincemeat and Apple Pies Plum Pudding Fruits, Nuts, and Raisins

Menu for traditional Three-Course Christmas Dinner of Martha and George Washington, Mt. Vernon

Saturday, February 7th, 7 PM — We’re Gonna Have a Party !

Remember when America was new? And Mozart was new? And dining was gracious? And cooks produced scrumptious meals from instructions that began with “Take your leg of mutton and beat it” or “Take a large legg of beef, boyle it to raggs, then strain it off.”

Well, the Lincoln Minute Men are going to revive those days, at the Pierce House, with an authentic Colonial dinner for the whole family. The Company is providing the musicians to play Mozart, the roaring logs in the fireplaces, the best of wine and ale, the white tablecloths and china — just about everything. (And we won’t have any beef boyled to raggs — we promise!)

So what can you bring? All you need is your sense of adventure, an expectation of good fun with friends, and a Colonial dish of your own choice. Don’t know what to cook? We have placed Colonial cookbooks on Reserve at the Lincoln Library. Perhaps a Hodge-Podge, or a Tansey, or Pickled Cowcumbers? Whatever tickles your imagination and your taste buds.

One last thing. We need to know swiftly how many members will be attending, so we can be assured of the right number of places at the tables. So please call one of the dinner coordinators promptly, if you have not already confirmed your participation with them.

The coordinators for this grand and splendid event are Camille Groves (781-259-0469), Robin Mount (617-484-4676), Phoebe McCarthy (781-259-1141), and Bob Phelps (617-333-0910).

Oh, and by the way, so you can save up your energy for the festivities on the 7th, there will be no monthly muster on Tuesday, February 3rd.

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A woman who heard [Calvin] Coolidge speak at Madison Square Garden in October 1932 rushed up to him afterwards and exclaimed: “Oh, Mr. Coolidge, what a wonderful address! I stood up all through it!” “So did I,” said Coolidge. — from Presidential Anecdotes, by Paul F. Boller, Jr.

Tuesday, January 6th -- If You Can Read This, You Can Help

There aren’t any special themes or speakers for the January Muster; rather, this muster is an opportunity for you to help plan 1998’s fun events, namely the February Colonial Dinner and the April festivities. Helpers (i.e., you) are needed to help organize these events. It’s fun and easy to do, and you’ll find there are plenty of fellow Minute Men willing to assist. “Honchoing” an activity is a great way to learn more about our great organization.

The muster will start at the usual 7:30pm time and will include some of the Captain’s savory coffee and delectable treats. So don’t miss out on the goodies and, especially, don’t miss out on this occasion to play an important role in year’s activities. Besides showing up and volunteering for an event ensures you don’t get yourself volunteered for something unpleasant (like cleaning the Company’s muskets after the Revolutionary Graves Ceremony)....

A Fete for Saturday, February 7, 1998 — An Authentic Colonial Dinner

Saturday, February 7th will be the date of the Company dinner with a special flair — authentic colonial cooking, provided by the members. You will be called soon by the coordinating committee, to sign you up to contribute your special recipe. Authentic colonial cookbooks will be available for those looking for an inspiration. The dinner will be at the Pierce House, from 7-10 PM. The best of grape and grain for good cheer will be provided by the Company. (Bob Phelps has already promised home-brewed spruce beer, a colonial favorite.) Toasty fires will be burning in the fireplaces. And a bit of entertainment, true to the era, will be included. Come on now, admit it — you’ve been wondering for years what Sally Lunn bread tastes like, haven’t you. Well, if you’ll bring your special dish, we’ll see that someone else brings ...

Family, Friends Disappointed by Lack of LMM Clothing Given as Gifts

Despite my beauteous prose (read: “sales pitch”) in last month’s Dispatch, not one of you hearty souls contacted me about purchasing some of our Company’s fine clothing for your family or friends this holiday season. Disappointment would not be a strong enough word to convey my, well, disappointment. “Doggonit” and “Rats” don’t even suffice! Nonetheless, I will continue to encourage you obtain our fine outerwear for all those near and dear to you. (Actually, “nearness” or “dearness” don’t concern me; I just want to see this stuff move.)

Call me, Richard Meyers (781-259-9851), anytime, to place your order.

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December Muster -- Year 2000: Not So Good for Computers, Great for Us!

Our second consecutive, well-attended muster saw us visited by four people involved in the planning for the Year 2000 activities along the Battle Road. April, 19, 2000, will mark the 225th anniversary of the start of the War for Independence, and our guests (Skip Hayward, Lexington Minute Man and Chairperson of Lexington Commission 2000; Lou Sideris, Ranger at Minute Man National Historical Park; Carrie Glass, President of the Lincoln Historical Society; Judy Hall, Vice President of the Society) shared with us some of the plans currently being discussed for the big event. Skip emphasized that the Skirmish will be “historically correct” and that re-enactors from as far away as Michigan, New Jersey, and Ontario have asked if they could participate. It is anticipated that several thousand Colonial and King’s Troops combatants will take part in the Skirmish. Also, because the event is going to be promoted (even out of state!), it’s possible that up to 150,000 to 200,000 tourists could show up to see the festivities.

Needless to say, there was palpable excitement in the Muster meeting room after the discussion came to a close! More information on this exciting topic will be shared as it becomes available.

Well, Now That You Ask ... Very Few Fifer Facts

Emily Phelps, our fifer from Milton, was working on a school assignment recently and tackled an interesting question: What was April 19, 1775, actually like for the fifers and drummers of the Lincoln Minute Men? After all, as Emily reasoned, there probably wasn’t much organized marching that day, and fifers and drummers presumably did not carry muskets — so what did they do in a day of skirmish and fright?

The facts we have are pretty spare. Captain William Smith’s company of Minute Men that day had two fifers, Joseph and Abijah Mason, and one drummer, Daniel Brown. All three were paid 4 pence more per day of service than the musketmen. History has it that after Captain Smith rode to the town center and sounded the alarm, he told his officers to assemble the company while he rode on ahead to Concord. So did the Minute Men assemble and march as an organized group? Perhaps they did. We know that Captain Smith sounded the alarm at around 2 AM, and that the Lincoln Minute Men were the first company to arrive at Concord, well before the British arrived at 9 AM. There was an almost-full moon that night, high in the sky when the Minute Men were being roused. Perhaps they marched as a company by moonlight, down Sandy Pond Road, with fife and drum helping stave off the cold and fear. Years later, Amos Baker remarked in an affidavit on the 75th anniversary of April 19th: “When I went to Concord in the morning, I joined the Lincoln company at the brook, by Flint’s pond, near the house then of Zachary Smith. ... I loaded my gun there with two balls, ounce balls, and powder accordingly.”

Commonly, fifers and drummers would be boys under the age of 16, too young for militia service. But the Lincoln musicians that day were older than 17, so the company apparently sacrificed muskets to music (or maybe musicians are lousy shots?). Neither fifers nor drummers served for long. A roster for 1776, when the Lincoln Company helped fortify the Dorchester Heights, lists no musicians at all. And on a roster for 1777, new names appear: Thomas White as drummer and Scripter Frost as fifer.

Joseph Mason, one of the original fifers, is buried in the cemetery by Bemis Hall. As for the others ... Well, maybe you know some facts we could add to the company history?

Emily imagined her own fictional account of a fifer’s experience that historic day. No doubt our musician/author would be glad to share a copy on request. (617-333-0910)

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A Final Reminder

See you at the upcoming Muster at the Pierce House on January 6th at 7:30pm. Be there (or be volunteered for something wondrous [?])!

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Tuesday, December 2nd — Planning for the Millennium

The future will be the topic of conversion at our December 2nd muster at the Pierce House. At the 7:30 meeting, representatives from the Battle Road Skirmish Committee, the Lincoln Celebrations Committee, Minute Man National Historic Park, and other interested groups have been invited to spark imaginations and gather your ideas about what promises to be an extravaganza (in the truest sense of the word): the 225th-anniversary celebration of the Battle Road Skirmish in the year 2000. With the interest this event is already generating, it’s quite possible that the number of King’s Troops and Minute Men participants may be as large as those who took part in the initial conflict in 1775. Any ideas you may wish to share about the event are welcome, and we’d especially like to hear your thoughts on how the Anniversary might be enhanced with projects at the local schools, special Lincoln Minute Men activities, and so on. Extra cookies and coffee might be given to the person who provides the best/most interesting idea....

November Muster Honored by the Visit of a Proper British Soldier

One of the best-attended musters in years occurred last month as we were graced with a visit by Clint Jackson. Clint, as many of you know, often commands the King’s Fifth Company of Foot at such events as the Bedford Pole Capping and our own Revolutionary Graves Ceremony. Clint kept the muster audience’s rapt attention with his informative and witty descriptions of the King’s Troops’ views of the events of April 19th, as well as his own insights and anecdotes about his years of service as an Interpreter at the National Park. Clint spent almost his entire time fielding a wide range of questions from the audience, and when he was done, he was given a most enthusiastic — and well-earned — round of applause. An invitation has already been extended to Clint to speak to us again, so don’t be surprised if you see him once more at a muster sometime in the future.

A Fete for February 7, 1998 — An Authentic Colonial Dinner

Mark your calendar and start thinking about your own contribution. Saturday, February 7th will be the date of the Company dinner with a special flair — authentic Colonial cooking, provided by the members. As we get closer to the date, volunteers will be making phone calls to sign you up to contribute your special recipe. The dinner will be at the Pierce House, from 7-10 PM. The best of grape and grain for good cheer will be provided by the Company. Toasty fires will be burning in the fireplaces. And a bit of entertainment, true to the era, will be included. Come on now, admit it — you’ve been wondering for years what Sally Lunn bread tastes like, haven’t you. Well, if you’ll bring your special dish, we’ll see that someone else brings ... And we’re still looking for someone who knows how to make flip. (And for someone who dares drink it!)

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You Can Ignore Those Catalogs from L.L. Bean and Lands’ End

The best holiday season clothing to be found anywhere is right here in Lincoln. In fact, your very own Minute Man Company is your one-stop shop for all of your holiday shopping needs. That’s right! We’re “stocked to the gills” with children’s and adults T-shirts. We have a complete size selection of T-shirts, and you’ll find that our adult sweatshirt collection is unparalleled in this area. (That may be because we’re the exclusive carrier of fine Lincoln Minute Men clothing anywhere on the East Coast.)

Of course, it goes without saying that our prices are competitive. We will not be undersold! And, to prove our point, we’re announcing that this year’s prices are identical to last year’s. To place your order now, please contact your LMM clothier, Richard Meyers, at 781-259-9851.

Finish that Nacho, It’s Time to Honcho

April may seem months away, but it will be upon us faster than you can say “Paul Revere did not make it to Concord but was captured in Lincoln by an advance British patrol.” Volunteers to help coordinate and assist with the April events are welcomed, nay, encouraged to step forward and be counted among the brave and resolute. Or, to put it another way, the Captain would be darn glad if he didn’t have to plead or cajole in his usual charming fashion to get people to volunteer. So be the first on your block to be an April Honcho; it’s fun, it’s easy, and you’ll come away with a sense of satisfaction (really! — your Adjutant is being serious here). The Captain will ask for volunteers at the December muster, but you can beat the rush by calling him now at 617-489-2539.

“To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, for the Time Being....”

The following are your Company officers. They are always grateful for your comments and suggestions about how to enhance the role and activities of the Lincoln Minute Men.

Captain Don Hafner (617) 489-2539 First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey (781) 899-0933 Quartermaster Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers (781) 259-9851 Ensign Paymaster Bob Lenington (781) 259-9171 Sergeant Major Bud Teabo (781) 259-9097 Drum Major Fred Richardson (781) 259-8336 Historian Bob Hicks (781) 259-0335 Exec Cmttee at-Large Camille Groves and (781) 259-0469 Dave White (603) 672-8270 Exec Cmttee ex Officio Rick Wiggin (781) 259-0489

The position of Quartermaster remains open. In the army of George III, this position could be had by any gentleman willing to pay £125 for the commission. The Lincoln Minute Men are too egalitarian to discriminate by gender and too patriotic to accept cash — but we are willing to accept a volunteer. Haven’t got the time? Too busy with other things? Come on now — if Thomas Mifflin had offered the same excuses to George Washington in 1775, you’d still be trying to remember if it’s the boot or the bonnet where you apply the spanner to the motor of your auto. Two paces forward for all volunteers — the Captain will offer a salute in your honor.

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A Final Reminder

Extraordinary goodies (not including caviar, however) will be served at the December 2nd, 7:30pm, Pierce House muster. Your joviality and sharing of ideas will make this exciting discussion about the Millennium Skirmish something to remember.

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That spirit of Freedom which at the commencement of this contest would have gladly sacrificed everything to the attainment of its object has long since subsided, and every selfish Passion has taken its place; it is not the public but private Interest which influences the generality of Mankind.

— George Washington, in exasperation over waning public support for the Revolution, 1782

Tuesday, November 4th — Featured Speaker: “The British Soldier”

You’ve asked for something different and entertaining at Company musters — well, this month we have it, in bright scarlet. Clint Jackson will be our featured speaker, talking about the life of the British soldier at the time of the Revolution. Many of you will know Clint as the resplendent commanding officer of the British contingent that joins us for many of our events. He has also served as a historical interpreter with the National Park, where his expertise includes the science and practice of medicine at the time of the Revolution. Clint will give a brief opening presentation, but he delights most in taking questions, and members will be encouraged to join the conversation.

So come be entertained and informed by a delightful guest speaker. As usual, the muster will be at the Pierce House, 7:30pm, and tantalizing goodies will be served. We will dispense with business and start directly with Clint Jackson’s presentation, so please be prompt.

Are You Stylish? Are You Authentic? Are You Properly Dressed?

No doubt you’ve remarked to yourself while loading your musket and awaiting the Redcoat bayonet charge, just as the original Lincoln Minute Men did, “I certainly hope I’m wearing the proper fashion today — are brass buckles still in? Should my stocking garters be showing or hidden? Is my wife’s mob cap too casual for this patriotic event? Would she be more currant in the French bodice style?” Fret no more. On Saturday, November 15th at St. Brigid’s Church in Lexington, there will be Show-n-Tell and Mingle-n-Ask sessions with assembled experts on colonial clothing, plus sutlers and out-to demonstrations. All this starting at 9:30am and running until 1pm. A similar gathering two years ago got rave reviews by those who attended, so it’s nice to have the chance again. Come for all or part of the event. St. Brigid’s is on Route 2A near the Lexington Green.

A Fete for February 7, 1998 — Dinner with Authentic Colonial Recipes

Many have lamented the absence of a Company dinner in recent years, so 1998 will be a revival with a special flair — authentic Colonial cooking, provided by the members. The Captain is already fretting over his contribution: will it be a pot of hearty Brunswick stew, a basket of warm and fragrant corn muffins with a slightly rough texture from the grain mill, or a thick Indian pudding? Got your mouth watering already? Imagine the fun. Mark your calendar and start thinking about your own contribution. As we get closer to the date, volunteers will be making phone calls to sign you up to contribute your special recipe.

The dinner will be at the Pierce House, from 7-10 PM. The best of grape and grain for good cheer will be provided by the Company. Toasty fires will be burning in the fireplaces. And a bit of entertainment, true to the era, will be included. Now where is that recipe for Dutch-oven apple pie? And does anyone know how to make flip?

Planning Ahead for the December Muster

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In the year 2000, the Skirmish along the Battle Road in April promises to be grander and more colorful than ever, in celebration of the 225th anniversary of April 19th. It is possible that the total number of British and Minute Man participants may be as large as the original groups in 1775. To make the most of the occasion, and to provoke imaginations and preparations, the Company Muster on Tuesday, December 2nd, will include invited representatives of the Battle Road Skirmish Committee, the Lincoln Celebrations Committee, the National Park, and other interested groups. We will want and welcome your ideas for ways in which this 225th Anniversary might be joined with schools projects, special Lincoln Minute Men activities, and such. So bring your ideas to Pierce House.

Lincoln Minute Men Offer A Scout Salute

Cadet Ben Wolcott and the Captain were present in their Lincoln Minute Men uniforms for the flag raising ceremony at the Boy Scout Camporee on Saturday, October 18th, at Camp Resolute in Bolton. Ben carried the guidon and the Captain fired a musket salute. Ben, his father Gary Wolcott, and Steve Humphrey were participating in a three-day Scouting event that included camping, scouting skills, and games. The Captain even took a turn on the firing range, with a blackpowder rifle loaded with ball. He claims he hit the day-glow orange clay pigeon dead-on, with a single shot — but then, independent reports inform us that he was standing only 50 feet away, and that the clay pigeon was unarmed at the time.

Larger Than Life

Fifer Emily Phelps came up with an ambitious school project this month — a larger-than-life replica of the lock mechanism of a Brown Bess musket. In addition to building the replica to show the parts that make up the lock, Emily wrote a paper describing the history of the flintlock and the advance it represented over the earlier matchlock. Her project is now on display in the lobby of Milton Academy, where Emily is a student. The Lincoln Minute Men and Milton Academy have an association that goes back many a year, with members of the Company visiting classrooms to talk about the Revolutionary period with eager students. Huzzahs to Emily for helping carry on the tradition.

If you’d like to join in a visit to Milton this year during the week of November 24th, contact Holly Phelps at (617) 333-0910. As Wayne Mount, Larry Zuelke, Fred Richardson, and other veterans will tell you, it is extraordinary fun.

A Final Reminder

Our next muster — with guest speaker Clint Jackson — will be on Tuesday, November 4th, 7:30pm, Pierce House. Bring your appetites, comments, questions, and good humor.

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Forgetful Paul Revere

Was it two if by land and one if by sea? Or one if by land and none if by sea? Or none if by land ... or was it three? My memory’s not what it used to be, And it’s getting so foggy I can hardly see, And this hard, cold saddle is killin’ me — Oh, what a ride this is gonna be!

— by Shel Silverstein, from his book Falling Up (contributed by Minute Man Mary Szpak)

Tuesday, October 7th -- Last Muster with Daylight Savings Time

As usual, the muster will be at the Pierce House, 7:30pm, and tantalizing goodies will be served. And, so far, the Captain has held to his promise that musters will last no longer than one hour. Find out for yourself if this streak (now standing at 1) continues!

“To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, for the Time Being....”

The following Company officers were elected at the September muster. They will serve for a year and would appreciate your support and any suggestions you may wish to share.

Captain Don Hafner (617) 489-2539 First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey (781) 899-0933 Quartermaster Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers (781) 259-9851 Ensign Paymaster Bob Lenington (781) 259-9171 Sergeant Major Bud Teabo (781) 259-9097 Drum Major Fred Richardson (781) 259-8336 Historian Bob Hicks (781) 259-0335 Exec Cmttee at-Large Camille Groves and (781) 259-0469 Dave White (603) 672-8270 Exec Cmttee ex Officio Rick Wiggin (781) 259-0489

You will notice that the position of Quartermaster remains open for a volunteer. This could be YOU. Have the Company in stitches. Buttonhole them at every turn. Help them keep their breeches on. Captain Hafner used to be the Quartermaster, and he’d be happy to “show you the ropes.” (Actually, ropes are kinda awkward to work with, but our good Captain would show you how to have fun with the position and not get hemmed in.)

Was that 617, or 508, or 781, or 978, or One if by Land and Two if by Phone?? (or, E.T. would have never made it home)

Confused about which area code other Company members are now in? An updated Company Roster that reflects the Boston area’s new area code strategy (?!) will be issued soon. To be sure all members’ data is accurately presented on the new Roster, it would be most helpful if the following members would

132 Page 133 please contact the Captain to update the roster information: Dan Bakinowski, David Frentzel, Mike Frankston, Peter MacLearn, Karl Zuelke, Michael George, and Patrick McGowan.

The Company that Plays Together, Stays Together

A reminder that Drum Major Fred Richardson hosts rehearsals for all current and aspiring Company musicians every second Sunday of the month, at 3:45pm, at his house in Lincoln (259 Lincoln Road). The dates for the rehearsals are: October 12th, November 9th, December 14th, (no January rehearsal), February 8th, and March 8th. Join the harmonious fun, bring a friend, and beginners are welcome. If you need details, contact Fred at (781) 259-8336.

A Final Reminder

Our next muster will be on Tuesday the 7th, 7:30pm, Pierce House. Bring your appetites, comments, questions, and good humor with you.

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If I had known there was no Latin word for tea, I would have let the vulgar stuff alone.

-- Hilaire Belloc (1870-1953)

Tuesday, September 9th — First Muster of the Season — Better Late Than Never

Because the traditional muster date (the first Tuesday of each month) fell so close to the Labor Day weekend, this month’s muster was deferred until the second Tuesday. Probably the most important point of business will be the election of officers for the coming year. Of course, you’ll want to show off your tan or talk (lie?) about breaking par for the first time, or whatever. Just bring your smiling countenance and positive attitude and be prepared to have a good time.

“And Now, the Envelope, Please....”

Small town democracy in action! A story goes that on April 19th, 1775, the members of one militia company on the march toward Concord changed their minds about their officers, so they held an election in the field and voted in new leadership. The Lincoln Minute Men, on the other hand, wisely select their leadership before the great battles.

The Nominating Committee, composed of chairman Rich Meyers, Rick Wiggin, and Larry Zuelke, has proposed the following slate of officers for the coming year:

Captain Don Hafner First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers Ensign Paymaster Bob Lenington Sergeant Major Bud Teabo Drum Major Fred Richardson Quartermaster Historian Bob Hicks Executive Committee at-Large Camille Groves & Dave White Executive Committee ex-Officio Rick Wiggin

As you can see, the Quartermaster position is vacant at this time. If you would be interested in serving in this important and valuable capacity, please contact the Captain (617-489-2539). Like most tasks in the Minute Men, it means being available and busy for a few weeks in April.

Register your opinion and show your support by being present for the September 9th elections. “Vote early, vote often” may not apply here, but your participation in helping select our new officers will be much appreciated.

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Lincoln Minute Men Kommemorate Kosciuszko in Krakow (Say That Three Times Fast)

John Szpak, our long-time Minute Man and budding drummer, took his tri-corner hat, waistcoat, breeches, and a “Betsy Ross” flag with him to Poland in August so he could represent the Lincoln Company at a ceremony commemorating Thaddeus Kosciuszko, hero of the Wars for Independence in both America and Poland. Kosciuszko, at the age of 28, borrowed money to pay his passage to America in 1776 where he offered his skills at building fortifications for the Continental Army. He played an important role in the American victory over Burgoyne at Saratoga and in the construction of the defenses at West Point. After the American Revolution, he returned to his homeland where he fought several gallant but unsuccessful campaigns to free Poland from foreign domination.

John and his father, Mark, were present for a ceremony at the kopiec honoring Kosciuszko (a large earthen mound) where a plaque was dedicated, recognizing Kosciuszko’s contribution to America’s beginnings. Dressed in his Lincoln Minute Man uniform, John was featured on the evening television news and in the three major newspapers in Krakow. According to one of the Krakow newspapers, the Lincoln Minute Men once served under Kosciuszko’s command and are now composed of Polish Americans who help keep that history alive. You read it first in this newsletter!

Mark Those Calendars — April is Almost Here (who needs winter, anyway?)

The following is the tentative schedule for next year’s Patriots’ Day events:

March 28 Saturday Marching and Musket Drill ( Mandatory ) April 11 Saturday Paul Revere Capture & Bedford Pole Capping April 18 Saturday Battle Road Skirmish (Optional) April 19 Sunday Alarm and Muster April 20 Monday Breakfast, March to Concord, and Parade April 26 Sunday Revolutionary Graves Ceremony

There will also be school visits sprinkled in among these days, and we’ll need volunteers for these important outreach programs, too.

Watching History Take Sail — Ironsides On Her 200th Birthday

No roll call was taken, but the Captain, Mieko Kamii (Hafner), Alan Budreau, and Peter MacLearn were all sighted upon the waves in pursuit of the USS Constitution during her historic sailing — the first time the historic ship was under sail in over a century. Those who watched the event only on TV probably got a closer view, since the press got special privileges. But there was much that TV’s close but narrow eye could not capture: the sight of the Constitution’s masts standing like bare trees above the forested shelter of Marblehead Harbor; the sense of scale, seeing the Constitution alongside a modern Navy frigate; the dramatic anticipation of watching the Navy’s F-18 Blue Angels circle at the far horizon and then swoop over with a roar; the great horde of boats following the Constitution; the drama of an at-sea rescue of an over-loaded boat in danger of sinking; and, not least, the cries of mock horror when the crowd heard the announcement that the Secretary of the Navy had taken over the helm of Old Ironsides.

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In addition, it was amazing the things one can learn about his/her comrades in the Lincoln Minute Men when one spends all day together aboard ship: if you’d like to hear of a sailor’s love of the sea, talk to Peter MacLearn and watch the sparkle in his eye; and, if you want to hear of a love of life under the sea, talk with Alan Budreau, who moonlights as a scuba instructor at Hanscom and explores the sea bottom off the North Shore.

A Final Reminder: Voting Muster on September 9th

Your vote is important, and we’re looking forward to seeing you cast it at this coming Tuesday’s 7:30pm muster at Pierce House

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Muster Postponed

Rescheduled for Tuesday, September 9th

Because the traditional muster date (the first Tuesday of each month) falls so close to the Labor Day weekend, the muster will be deferred until the second Tuesday. An important point of business will be to elect officers for the coming year. The Nominating Committee will have a slate for the members’ consideration soon. More details in next week’s newsletter.

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He has erected a Multitude of new Offices, and sent hither Swarms of Officers to harrass our People, and eat out their Substance.

— The Declaration of Independence, July 4, 1776

Fourth of July — A Parade and a Picnic, Too

As we said before, the Fourth of July Parade in Lincoln is a charming event for anyone nostalgic about small-town America, and the Lincoln Minute Men have a place of honor in the parade. Rick Wiggin will be doing a public reading of the Declaration of Independence. This is a fine event — so let’s have a splendid turnout. We will muster at the Smith School parking lot, at 10:00am on Friday, July 4th. (And remember, if you cut it too close in arriving, the roads will be blocked off — so err on the side of early.) The Town has set Sunday, July 6th as the rain date for this event. We don’t know why -- it never rains on a Minute Man event, does it?

The Cunningham Fourth of July Picnic

Rob and Margaret Cunningham have once again extended a generous invitation to members of the Minute Men to muster at their home on Woodcock Lane, for a picnic and a splash in their pool, following the Town Parade. The Company will be providing soft drinks galore, but additional contributions of summer salads or other libations (cans, please, no glass bottles around the pool) would be welcomed. This is a wonderful opportunity to relax and chat with members and their families. Add it to your calendar of fun things for the Fourth.

Did You Find an Envelope in this Newsletter??

Well, if you did, that means the Ensign Paymaster has you on his records as still owing your annual dues. As you know, the Company relies on the annual dues to meet its expenses, including the mailing of the newsletter. So please write out a check to the Lincoln Minute Men ($15 for individuals, $20 for family membership) and mail it in the envelope — to help cover the cost of benefits you have already enjoyed.

T-Shirt Hawkers Needed after the Fourth of July Parade

Our t-shirts and sweatshirts with the Company’s logo adorn patriots across the country (and around the globe?) Eager customers await their opportunity, but we need some volunteers to man a table with them on the school grounds, after the Fourth of July Parade. Even a half-hour of volunteered time would help the Company. Have you done your civic service yet this year? Now’s the chance. Contact our Ensign Adjutant, Rich Meyers, at (617) 259-9851, and offer to help.

The June Muster — Be It Hereby Resolved ...

The assembled members at the June Muster accomplished a number of things. For one, they welcomed a new drummer in their midst, Ron Otero of Tower Road. Ron will be joining us for the Fourth of July Parade. Second, the members present voted to add the Bedford Pole Capping to the list

138 Page 139 of official Company events in April. This event traditionally occurs on the morning of our own Paul Revere Capture ceremony, and in addition to being enjoyable in its own right, the Bedford ceremony is an opportunity for the Lincoln Minute Men to encourage other militia groups to join us that afternoon for our own Paul Revere ceremony. Third, the members present at the muster voted a contribution of $200 from the Company to support the Lincoln Historical Society’s restoration of the bas relief plaque depicting the Arrest of Paul Revere. The plaque now hangs in the corridor of the Town Offices for all to see. The Company’s contribution is a small gesture to the Historical Society and the Town, who have done so much over the years for the Minute Men.

Ancient and Honorable’s Parade — Lincoln and Glory, Glory

For the annual parade of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company in Boston on June 2nd, the Lincoln Minute Men marched just ahead of a contingent from the Massachusetts 54th Regiment, of Civil War glory. The image of contrast and continuity in Massachusetts patriotism, waistcoats and breeches in front of wool tunics and trousers, proved irresistible to photographers. Representing the Company (and making a big roar with muskets along the way) were the Captain, Alan Budreau, Peter MacLearn, Steve McCarthy, and Rick Wiggin. If anyone recalls seeing photos in the newspaper, please let the Captain know.

Back to School for the Minute Men

No summer vacation yet. Minute Men were off to school on two occasions recently. Wayne Mount spent two days once again this year, adding to the liveliness of Colonial Days at the Lincoln schools. Wayne is always a fount of good stories, but he also takes along things to convey 18th Century life — a wash tub for the kids to practice a common chore (and some invented games), corn to be husked, peas to be shucked, dried foods to show how families got through the winter months, and such. School children are among our best “recruiters,” and Wayne can recruit kids better than anyone!

In Belmont, Don Hafner visited the class of Mary Szpak, and together they talked with Mary’s classmates about life at the time of the Revolution. The class had visited Paul Revere’s house and Bunker Hill on the prior day, so they were filled with questions. The Captain had expected his welcome would wear thin after about a half-hour — but Mary’s classmates kept firing their questions, and an hour and a half later, they were still going strong when the Captain begged off so he could get back to his farm work.

Is It True What They Say About the National Anthem? Say It Isn’t So!

James Burke’s “Connections” column in the February, 1997, Scientific American carries the following tale. In 1554, Henri Estienne, of one of Europe’s oldest printing houses, discovered and translated the work of a sixth-century BC Greek poet called Anacreon, whose tastes ran to bawdy poetry and drinking songs. Estienne’s translation proved popular and enduring, and in 1776, some admirers formed the Anacreon Society in London, dedicated to meeting every two weeks for song and drink. The Society decided it needed a signature drinking song, so it enlisted one John Smith, a member, to compose “To Anacreon in Heaven.” The tune was catchy; it found its way across the Atlantic and finally to the ear of a young American lawyer in Baltimore. On the night of September 13, 1814, as the

139 Page 140 young lawyer watched the British bombardment of Fort McHenry in Baltimore Harbor, he scribbled off a commemorative song and set it to the tune of “To Anacreon.” One wonders if that young lawyer, Francis Scott Key, and all those other London revelers, had as much difficulty hitting the high notes of “The Star Spangled Banner” as the rest of us do.

The Envelope? Remember, For Your Dues?

Now that you’ve finished the newsletter, go get your checkbook ...

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There is a total extinction of all taste; our authors are vulgar, gross, illiberal; the theatre swarms with wretched translations and ballad operas; and we have nothing new but improving abuse.

— Horace Walpole, letter to George Montagu, 1769

Tuesday, June 3rd, 7:30pm — Final Muster of the Season

On Tuesday, June 3rd, at 7:30pm, you will find a bunch of hard-working Minute Men talking about the bounty of the season gone by and planning for the upcoming year’s wonderful adventures. All members are invited, and the Captain (in his beneficence and hospitality) will bestow upon all attendees dreamy desserts, robust coffee, and soothing sodas. Your input is always welcome, so bring your ideas and your appetites to what should be an enjoyable meeting — swift on business, long on munchies.

One of the items for the muster is the addition of the early-April Bedford Pole Capping to our official event calendar. The Pole Capping usually occurs the morning of our Paul Revere Capture Ceremony. What makes the Pole Capping fun are several things: 1) it’s short, both in time and distance, but long enough for lots of musket firing; 2) you’ll learn some interesting history; 3) you’ll see a highly- staged, completely fictitious mock battle between Colonials and Brits (and this is usually quite funny); and 4) you’ll get a free meal afterward. Added attractions include table after table of sutlers selling Colonial goods, and a good jam session for musicians. In all, the Pole Capping makes for an enjoyable morning and a nice way to get ready for the Capture Ceremony in the afternoon.

Ancient and Honorable Fun and Food — Monday, June 2nd

Monday, June 2nd, from 11:30am through the evening, the Massachusetts Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company’s Annual Parade and Dinner to mark the election of the Company’s officers will be held. This is a very enjoyable event. It starts with lunch at Faneuil Hall, continues with ceremonies at the State House, progresses on with musket firing and music through the streets of Boston, and concludes with a very fine dinner at the Westin Hotel. So far, the following have signed up: Rick Wiggin, Alan Budreau, Steve McCarthy, Steve Humphrey, Peter MacLearn, Dave White, and the Captain. We can still squeeze in a few more participants — but you must contact the Captain immediately (617-489-2539).

Fourth of July — The Town Needs You to Join in ‘Celebrating Our Heritage’

The Fourth of July Parade in Lincoln is always a charming event for anyone nostalgic about small-town America, and the Lincoln Minute Men have a place of honor in the parade. One of the highlights is a public reading of the Declaration of Independence by Rick Wiggin. This year the Town has selected “Celebrating Our Heritage” as the theme of the parade. And what group represents the heritage of Lincoln on the Fourth better than the Lincoln Minute Men? This is a fine event — and it almost never rains! So let’s have a splendid turnout. We will muster at the Smith School parking lot, at 10:00am on Friday, July 4th. (And remember, if you cut it too close in arriving, the roads will be blocked off — so err on the side of early.)

Now That’s Devotion to Duty

The award for attendance at Minute Man events for this season goes to our former Captain and continuing example, Rick Wiggin (18 events and musters), followed closely by Fred Richardson and Alan Budreau. But frequent or few, every member’s participation in an event is important and

141 Page 142 appreciated. And there are still a few opportunities to raise your own attendance score. On July Fourth, for instance.

What the Well-Dressed Person is Wearing Today: Lincoln Minute Men Apparel

Your Adjutant, Rich Meyers (aka The Minute Man Sportswear Specialist), is pleased to announce that Small-sized Adult sweatshirts have been ordered and will be available just in time for the warm Summer months. While wearing a sweatshirt in July isn’t necessarily anybody’s idea of fun, Rich is pleased to tell you that child and adult T-shirts — in all sizes — are available for the dog days ahead, and that both are in the traditional tan color and have green printing. The sweatshirts, of course, are green with tan printing, and there are plenty of these to go around, too. Last, special mention must be made of Minute Man par excellence Henry Rugo for his continual support of the Company’s apparel. Henry has purchased more LMM clothing than anyone in the Company! I’m not sure who follows Henry in transactions, but whomever it is would find him/herself in a very distant second place. Huzzahs! to Henry for his willingness to sartorially spread the gospel of the Lincoln Minute Men. (And if Henry finds so many friends and kin who enjoy Minute Man apparel, are you missing a good gift idea here? Order now!)

The Lincoln Garden Club Event: Faster than a Rabbit in a Strawberry Patch

Sunday afternoon May 18th saw Alan Budreau, Don Hafner, Rich Meyers, Peter MacLearn, Stevie McCarthy, and Fred Richardson helping the Lincoln Garden Club commemorate the opening of the Town’s new conservation trail located behind the Brooks School. The whole event was quite informal and very quickly paced. The Minute Men marched through the Muster Field to where the crowd was gathered, Susan Harding spoke a few words as the President of the Club, we were given a signal to fire a musket salute, the salute went off without a hitch, and we were done. Like all good Colonial re- enactors, we headed straight for the refreshments table. The event was fun, because it gave us the opportunity to chat with our neighbors before and after the event, and they really seemed happy to have us sharing part of the glorious afternoon with them. Young Stevie McCarthy distinguished himself as guidon carrier for the event.

It’s Time to Volunteer Again (or Say “Gosh, I’d Love to Serve” When Asked)

Yep, it’s that time of year again, the time when the Captain comes a-huntin’ for volunteers for these items: the Nominating Committee, Officerships, and Coordinators for next year’s significant events. Be prepared to say “Yes, Sir!” when the Captain volunteers you. The Company has a great tradition of sharing responsibility, and the more patriots who pitch in, the smaller the burden for each.

Rich Meyers has already volunteered to chair the Nominating Committee, and he is looking for two more members to assist him in this effort. If you’d like to serve on the Committee or would like to nominate yourself for an officer position (other than Captain), please give Rich a call at (617) 259-9851. As they say, “the phone lines are open....”

Serving as Coordinator for an event is fun, and it gives those involved an opportunity to see what goes on “behind the scenes” in the organization. The Captain would like three volunteers for each event: the chief Coordinator, one assistant who has honchoed the event in the past, and one assistant

142 Page 143 who is a novice. Now is not the time to be shy. Especially if you have ideas for improvements in events, step forward.

Old Ironsides Sailing — Where is That Elusive Ship?

The Captain has been in hot pursuit of an opportunity for interested members of the Company to view the scheduled voyage of USS Constitution under sail, on July 21st. There are boat operators working out of Boston harbor who plan special outings for those who would like to watch Old Ironsides at sea. Unfortunately, the Navy apparently keeps changing the itinerary, so precise details are up in the air at the moment. However, the Captain will keep informed, and will pass the word to those who are interested when details are available. If you wish to be on the Captain’s “Ahoy” list, to get a phone call with the details, alert the Captain promptly at (617) 489-2539.

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There’s a wonderful family called Stein, There’s Gert and there’s Epp and there’s Ein; Gert’s poems are bunk, Epp’s statues are junk, And no one can understand Ein. — Anonymous [and rightly so]

Tuesday, May 6, 7:30pm — Monthly Muster — Celebrate April’s Successes and Help Plan for the Future

The big April events are behind us, but important things lie ahead that need discussion. Among them are the Company’s participation in the Lincoln Garden Club dedication and the Ancient & Honourable’s parade (see below). Also, Park Superintendent Nancy Nelson is encouraging us to host events at Captain William Smith’s house this Summer, and we need to brainstorm on the whats and the whens (and maybe the whos). And, yes, there’s more! There may be time for quick, constructive suggestions about how to improve the April events for next year. (Note: constructive; not those things you muttered when the Captain said “Left” when he meant “Right,” or when he stabbed himself in the ear with his sword — that’s gotta hurt!). The meeting at the Pierce House will be held at the usual starting time, and marvelous morsels and brilliant beverages (read “coffee, cider, and cookies”) will again be available for your enjoyment.

The Sun Didn’t, But the Minute Men Did (Shine, that is) — Alarm & Muster and the Concord Parade

For the Alarm & Muster, the weather only threatened to be awful. For the Concord Parade, it really was awful. (Actually, the weather was worse than awful but the adjectives one could employ here aren’t printable.) Yet despite the weather, 39 members of the Company mustered for the Alarm (41 if you count Captain Smith and the frisky horse), and 40 paraded in Concord. We were the largest minute man company in the Concord Parade, and in a great display of endurance/bravery/honor/etc., one of the few companies that marched in authentic colonial dress (that is, without 20th-Century plastic stuff covering us to stay dry). No raincoats for this bunch! Because the traditional after-parade picnic at the Alcott School was impossible in the rain, Wayne and Claire Mount, with extraordinary generosity, offered up a hot lunch of chicken stew back at the Stone Church. The Captain has a video of the parade taken by Mark Szpak, and anyone who missed the fun, or would simply like to relive it, is welcome to borrow the video. The Captain extends a hearty “Huzzah!” to everyone who participated in these long-to-be-remembered events.

When You’re In The Play, You Never Get To See It

The Alarm & Muster this year was unlike any other. The Lord Mayor and Mayoress of Lincoln, England, were present and were introduced to the gathered (and damp) crowd. The newest members of the Lincoln Minute Men — fifer Carrie Alberton, drummer Holly Phelps, and musketman Bob Phelps — were also introduced to the town by the Captain. But to top it all, Rick Wiggin and Rollin Johnson (appearing as Capt. Smith) choreographed a stirring drama in which Captain Smith roused a sleepy Minute Man from a nearby house and sent him running (partially clothed) to the White Church to ring the bells. As usual, since we were all in the drama, we didn’t get to see it. If anyone knows of pictures or video taken by members of the crowd, ask if the Company could borrow them.

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“Proper Notice will be taken of such Officers and Men, as distinguish themselves by their attention to these necessary duties...”

The great success of the April events depended on the contributions of all. But especially it depended on the labors of the event coordinators who shouldered the many behind-the-scenes tasks that helped the Company look so bright and ceremonial before the public. To the Company’s credit as a volunteer organization, the list of coordinators and their assistants is long: School Visits — Holly Phelps, Camille Groves, and Larry Zuelke; Paul Revere Capture — Steve Humphrey and Steve McCarthy; Alarm & Muster — Rick Wiggin and Wayne Mount; Concord Parade — Alan Budreau and Rich Meyers; Gravesite Ceremony — Bob Hicks and Bob Schudy.

...And To Those Generous Citizens

In addition, the Lincoln Minute Men received generous support from the Lincoln Historical Society whose members rose before we did to prepare the traditional tasty, rib-stickin’ Patriots’ Day breakfast as well as the reception at the Pierce House following the Gravesite Ceremony. Historical Society members who served — cheerfully, as always — included president Ann Janes, Kerry Glass, Judy Hall, Nancy Zuelke, Ingemarie Richardson, Mark Bradford, Susan Bradford, Rob Loud, and no doubt others who labored out of view. If you happen to pass them on a village lane, give an added “Thank you” to each.

Gardening, a Family Activity: Fodder and Dodder Work in the Sodder

On Sunday, May 18th, from 2-4pm, the Lincoln Garden Club will be holding the opening ceremony for the new Interpretive Trail constructed behind Lincoln’s schools. We have been invited to “pay tribute to the occasion” during the ribbon-cutting at 3pm. The Captain is looking for participants and would prefer to get them by having members volunteer (coercion is not something he relishes employing). Bribery, though, is an effective tool, and it may interest you to know that refreshments may be served afterwards to what will likely be a, dare it be said, fertile experience.

Ancient and Honourable Fun (and probably with better weather than Patriots’ Day!)

Monday, June 2nd, from 11:30am through the evening, the Massachusetts Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company’s Annual Parade and Dinner to mark the election of the Company’s officers will be held. This is a very enjoyable event. It starts with lunch at Faneuil Hall, continues with ceremonies at the State House, progresses on with musket firing and music through the streets of Boston, and concludes with a very fine dinner at the Westin Hotel. The Captain needs to hear from participants so he can let the Ancient and Honourables know how many Lincoln guests will be attending the dinner.

Three Huzzahs for a Free Press (and for getting free press)!

The Lincoln Minute Men enjoyed lots of press coverage for their events this year, both in The Lincoln Journal and in The Boston Globe suburban West section. For the coverage in The Journal, we owe thanks to the new editor, Nicholas Penniman, who sought contributions from Bob Hicks. For the Globe publicity, the thanks goes to reporter Alice Hinkle who had the inspiration to write about the towns and Minute companies that are often left in the shadow of Lexington and Concord. Hinkle had long conversations with Gail and Rich Meyers, and the article that appeared in the April 13th issue

146 Page 147 contained nice details of Lincoln’s place in history as well as a delightful story about why April 19th is special to Rich and Gail. The portion of the Globe article dealing with our story is included with this newsletter.

Doggonit, I Wish I’d Thought of That Back in August

Funny how you don’t remember you need a cloak of your own, or breeches that fit, until two days before the Concord Parade? Now’s the time to plan ahead and have your own clothing prepared or repaired. Rumor has it that the Quartermaster is resolved to strip the breeches off (ooh la la!) anyone seen walking around in a borrowed uniform for more than a year, and to compel such members — at bayonet point — to sew their own. The Company has materials and patterns and even some suggestions about where to find your own Betsy Ross. Contact the Captain or the Quartermaster for more information.

Don’t Forget: the May Muster is...

...at the Pierce House, May 6th, at 7:30pm. Bring your good ideas and your appetites for what should be a lively and enjoyable evening spent with fellow rabble-rousers.

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A person of quality should never turn author... One of the most distinguished prerogatives of mankind, writing, when duly executed does honour to human nature. If done for the purpose of making money, it is contemptible. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu (1689-1762) in a letter to Lady Blute, 23 July 1753

Tuesday, April 1 — Monthly Muster — No Fools Be We

Now’s our last chance. We have a new Captain — utterly untrained. If we intend to pound some sense into him so that he doesn’t march the column straight into a tree during the Concord Parade, this is the last opportunity. The April 1st meeting at the Pierce House will be held at the usual starting time of 7:30pm, and tasty treats and delectable delights (read “coffee, cider, and cookies”) will be available for your enjoyment. Plans for the April events will be finalized, and your assistance in helping “dot the I’s and cross the T’s” would be gratefully appreciated.

April Events: There Truly is Strength in Numbers

We always look good at the things we do, and we look even better when more of us participate. Help us look our best by taking part in the April events. Each year the crowds that attend our events grow, and it’s always a treat to see the audiences’ reactions to our presentations and to be able to talk with our fans afterwards.

“To Perpetuate The Memory” — School Visits

This year’s school programs have been a complete success. A hearty “Huzzah!” must be extended to Holly Phelps, Camille Groves, and Larry Zuelke for arranging the school visits. This intrepid trio’s efforts will ensure that the Company will carry its message of the Revolution (and Lincoln’s involvement in it) to about 500 children by the end of the Spring. Thanks, too, to all who have volunteered for this valuable outreach mission. Naturally, more volunteers are welcome.

A Fine Tribute

Our musicians hold regular practices at the home of our Drum Major, Fred Richardson, and his wife Ingemarie. We pass along the following unsolicited report about these practice sessions from one of our members (who shall remain anonymous):

“If you’ve never been to one of these get-togethers, you might enjoy them very much. Fred has a very, very comfortable old-fashioned living room, and a nice library. I read about 55 pages of a Leonard Bernstein book on music, while the colonial music went on. Fred and Ingemarie always serve potato chips with dip, cookies (home-made this time), and cider and tea or coffee. Fred’s such a truly gracious person. He’s also, as you may know, an avid birder. He showed me some travel diaries he made a few years ago, and it was a pleasure and harked back to simpler times when people actually kept travel diaries.”

There are lots of good reasons to become a musician with the Lincoln Minute Man, but the generosity and unfailing support of Fred and Ingemarie are among the best of them. We thank our anonymous member for this tribute and reminder.

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A Seedy Proposition: Helping the Lincoln Garden Club

The Lincoln Garden Club has invited us to participate in the dedication and opening of a new local conservation trail on Sunday, May 18th at 2:30pm. Captain Don Hafner (617-489-2539) needs a few musket men, musicians (fifes & drums), and colonials to volunteer for this event, which should take about an hour or so. Rumor has it refreshments may be served afterwards....

Neat Nephew Pens Nifty Narrative

Adjutant Richard Meyers’s 11-year-old nephew, Michael Sotomayor, loves to write. Having recently completed study of the Revolutionary War in school, Michael was inspired to write the following short story about the April 19th adventures of Revere, Dawes, and Michael (!). Note that there is a bit of fiction in his story, but the appropriate spirit is most definitely there.

I walked through the time-line museum. All of a sudden I saw a photo booth. Maybe I’ll have my picture taken. I went inside and inserted a one-dollar bill. “Pick your time,” the machine bleeped. “Huh?” I asked. Just then the centuries popped onto the screen.

“Oh! This must be an information booth instead,” I said. I pushed the 1700s. Then it listed the decades. I pushed the 70s. Then it said 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 0. I pushed 5. Then it said country. I pushed America. Then it showed events. Battle of Lexington and Concord? Cool! I pressed that. Everything blurred. Then I found myself in the middle of smokey-gray gunshots. Peew! Peew! Peew! One bullet skimmed the top of my hair. “Yikes!” I screamed.

I bumped into a Lobster Back unknowingly. “What the...??” the soldier exclaimed. I pushed him out of the way. He grabbed me and pushed me into the thickest of the troops. They pushed me into two men -- William Dawes and Paul Revere!

“I hope Dr. Prescott got to John Hancock and Sam Adams in time, Paul,” William Dawes said. “Sir,” Paul Revere exclaimed, “could you untie this?” He held out his hands which were tied up. I untied his and Mr. Dawes’s hands, then I got an idea.

“Hey, help! You! Patriot! Over here!” I yelled. Some soldiers actually shot in that direction. Others ran over. I picked up large stones and threw them. They landed in the bushes. More and more soldiers fired and ran over to the scene. It was useless. The Lobster Backs thought they got the Patriots, so they sat down and ate. They put all their guns in a pile. Finally! Then they marched to Concord. William, Paul, and I were marching, too. All of a sudden gunshots rose. To avoid the hail of bullets, we dove into a nearby stream. We all swam over to the Patriots. We got into the group.

“Look out!” I shrieked. Lobster Backs were getting ready to bayonet us -- in the back! Patriots turned around and fired. The British ran. The Patriots followed the British all the way to Boston.

Then I was back inside the booth. “Hey!” I said. Mom was waiting at the door. “Where were you?!” she cried angrily. “I went back in time,” I answered. “This booth is a time machine!”

“It’s no time machine. It’s a picture booth! Let me show you.” She inserted a dollar bill. She said, “Hmmm, must be scenery.”

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Then I noticed something in a box near the booth. It was a picture of William, Paul, and me jumping into the stream. “Hey, Mom! Look...!” My sentence was cut short. Mom’s body got fuzzy, and she disappeared!

Not Another Boring Dues Reminder

This will not be another one of those endless, rambling paragraphs harping on you to pay your dues. Pay your dues. That’s all.

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A great fondness for music is a mark of great weakness, great vacuity of mind — not of hardness of heart; not of vice; not of downright folly; but of a want of capacity, or inclination, for sober thought. Advice to Young Men, and (incidentally) to Young Women, in the Middle and Higher Ranks of Life William Cobbett, 1762-1835

Tuesday, March 4 — Monthly Muster — The Sequel: “Learn To Roll Your Own”

Musket Cartridges, “Part Deux” at 6:30 p.m., Pierce House in Lincoln. Though the early starting time appears to cut into the dinner hour, Captain Hafner has taken the proactive (pre-emptive?) and tasty step of promising that those attending this muster/cartridge-rolling party will receive pizza and soft drinks. Certainly no finer inducement (read: bribe) could be made to such a stellar group of deserving individuals! This promises to be a fun evening.

School Visits — To Perpetuate the Memory of the Minute Men of 1775

School Visits are at the heart of what the charter of our organization calls upon us to do. In addition, they help bring out the crowds to our April events, and they are just plain fun. Holly Phelps, Camille Groves, and Larry Zuelke are serving as coordinators for this important function. Some of our current members were introduced to the Minute Men because their children saw us at a School Visit. So, if you’d like to “return the favor,” now is your chance. Musket men, colonials, and musician volunteers are needed. Please call Holly Phelps at 617-333-0910.

If you’ve never done a School Visit before, now would be a good time to give it a try. Visits generally start at the beginning of the morning and take about an hour. If you haven’t seen the gleam in the eye of an enthralled School Visit kiddie, you’ve missed out on one of the biggest joys of being a Minute Man. Dates and places that have been set so far include:

Smith School Tuesday April 1st Hanscom Primary School Tuesday April 8th Hanscom School Wednesday April 16th evening program for musicians Carroll School Friday April 18th Brooks School to be announced Hanscom Middle School to be announced

Saturday, March 29th, The Season Begins!!

Is it three movements to go from Cradle Firelocks to Shoulder, or four? Does Counter March require a turn to the right, or a turn to the left? Is the third right finger up or down for Low E? Does the tune start with two rolls and a flam, or a poing stroke and two flams? Funny how it all fades from memory over the Winter. So that is why the Marching & Musket Drill is mandatory, and why all officers — from Captain to Sergeant Major — will be present to supervise. Check that schedule on the refrig door — 2 p.m. at the Smith School parking lot, in full uniform. The Lincoln Minute Men enjoy a reputation as the snappiest marching unit around. This drill is how we do it.

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Battle Road Skirmish — Practice Makes Perfect

The Battle Road Skirmish this year promises to be a grand event. The organizers are building toward an even more spectacular Skirmish in the year 2000, the 225th anniversary of April 19, 1775. If you plan to participate in this year’s re-enactment, you MUST do the following:

1) Notify Captain Hafner immediately so he can submit your name to the organizers. The Captain’s phone number is 617-489-2539. 2) You are required to attend a drill on Saturday, March 8th, at St. Brigid’s Church in Lexington center, at 10:30 a.m. 3) You are required to attend the dress rehearsal at the North Bridge on Saturday, March 29th, at 9:00 a.m. 4) You are also required to attend the safety and firing drill to be held by the Company following the dress rehearsal on the morning of Saturday, March 29th (see details below).

The organizers of the Skirmish will be rigorous on the rules this year: unless the Captain submits your name before the March 8th drill, you will not be able to participate in the Skirmish. Do not delay nor procrastinate — call the Captain now while this is fresh in your mind.

Musket Safety Session to be Held in Someone’s Backyard

The Company will conduct a musket safety training session on the morning of Saturday, March 29th, the same day as our scheduled and MANDATORY afternoon Marching and Musket Drill. The coordinators for this year’s training will be First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey (617-899-0933) and Dave White (603-672-8270). The safety session is required of all members — new and old — who intend to fire their weapons at ANY of the Company’s events during the year.

Looking Spiffy is Only Half Of It

Safety counts for something, too! Remember the story of Wayne Mount’s breeches (and right in the middle of the Concord Parade)! With April fast approaching, now is NOT too soon to check your uniform (hat, shirt, vest, britches, socks, shoes, cloak, haversack, etc.), musket (weapon, cartridge box, etc.) and/or musical instrument to ensure that everything is ready “on a moment’s notice.” If you find any of your gear amiss, contact Quartermaster Tim Hays at 508-443-1397.

Dues Due — Do Do

Please do, do it now. Precious newsletter headlines like the one above can arrive at your door only if we pay Ben Franklin’s postal service for the delivery. Paying your annual dues on time not only boosts the morale of the Ensign Paymaster, it covers the cost of the monthly newsletter and muster goodies. If you haven’t sent a check for 1997, you’ve been enjoying the generosity of others. Now is the time to be generous yourself. Dues are $15 for individuals, $20 for family memberships. Make the check to the Lincoln Minute Men and mail to the Ensign Paymaster, Lincoln Minute Men, P.O. 1775, Lincoln, MA 01773.

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Reminder — March 4th Muster has Special Starting Time

It’s 6:30 p.m., on the 4th, at Pierce House. Bring your appetite and your humor — it promises to be a fun evening!

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I know only two tunes; one of them is “Yankee Doodle,” and the other isn’t. Ulysses S. Grant, soldier and 18th President of the United States

Tuesday, February 4 — Monthly Muster

The February Muster will be held on the 4th, at 7:30 pm, at the Pierce House. As before, delectable and mouth-watering cookies and coffee await those who attend. Our musters are always good fun, and now treats abound at the meetings, too. By attending you’ll not only get to share in the tasty bounty, but you’ll have an opportunity to help us plan for the April events (and beyond). And some of you may have noticed that the Captain seems to have taken a personal vow that no muster will run longer than an hour.

Time permitting, the special activity for the February Muster will be a re-enactment of an event that occurred in the Winter of 1774/75, after the Provisional Congress called upon the towns to begin drilling their minute man units. As one participant described the event: “I have spent many an evening, with a number of my near neighbors, going through the manual of arms on the barn floor, with my mittens on.” So bring your musket to Pierce House, and your mittens if you like.

Musket Safety Session To Be Held In Our Own Backyard

The musket safety course previously offered by the Massachusetts Council of Minute Men has been discontinued. As a result, we will conduct our own musket safety training. The coordinators for this year’s training will be First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey (617-899-0933) and Dave White (603-672- 8270). Steve and Dave will be “honcho-ing” the training session which will be held the morning of March 29 (Saturday), the same day as our scheduled and MANDATORY afternoon Marching and Musket Drill. Steve has arranged for James Fitzgerald, a black powder safety specialist, to assist us in the morning’s safety course. The safety session is required of all members — new and old — who intend to fire their weapons at ANY of the Company’s events during the year.

This is a good time to remind all members that the Company clarified its musket policies last year. One of the stipulations of these policies is that new members who intend to carry a musket — whether they fire or not — must obtain a Firearms Identification Card (FID) from their local police department and attend a safety training session (such as the one being offered on the morning of March 29). Please keep in mind that it may take several weeks to obtain an FID; those without an FID should fill out an application at their local police department promptly.

Inaugural Photos — Only (!) Four Years After The Fact

As some of you may recall, following the Company’s participation in the first Clinton Inaugural Parade, a photographer in California offered us copies of photos taken of us as we marched in front of the Presidential Reviewing Stand. Unfortunately, the guy turned out to be a crook who took our money and, despite vigorous action by then-Quartermaster Don Hafner (including the filing of formal legal

154 Page 155 complaints with the Postal Service, the California Attorney General and the Better Business Bureau), never sent us our pictures. The Company did authorize the Quartermaster to clap the miscreant into the stockade if the opportunity ever arose. But, in the interim, modern color copier technology offers us an alternative: color copies can be made from the sample photos we have, at a price of about $2.00 each. This may not be a perfect solution, but it is better than nothing (which is what we have right now)! Anyone interested in receiving a color photocopy should contact Captain Hafner at 617-489-2539.

Milton School Visit -- We Knocked ‘Em Dead (figuratively, of course)

Just before Thanksgiving of last year, a quartet of the Company’s finest (Fred Richardson, Rick Wiggin, Larry Zuelke, Emily Phelps) gave one of our award-winning school programs to the students at the nearby Milton Academy. Apparently the kids were moved, if not to tears, then to writing. Several sent Thank You notes, and their comments deserve an audience. Here are some excerpts:

- I really enjoyed you showing the guns and teaching how to shoot them. I also enjoyed the musical instruments that you played. Your outfits [were] gorgeous. (Andrea Harris)

- I liked the whole visit. I liked the particular information you gave us.... I liked the way you were authentically dressed. Thank you for coming to the third grade. (Christina Fish)

- Thank you for coming to Milton. The fife was tubular .... Seeing you act out a Patriot made our study of the Revolutionary War much more exciting and meaningful. (Andrea Dregalla)

- Thanks for coming. I learned a lot about the revolutionary war. One of the things I learned is that it was rude to go out in public without a vest.... Before you came my class had been learning about the battles of the revolutionary war and you taught me more so I now understand it better. (Ben)

- I really enjoyed the music. It was awesome. I liked firing the musket. It was neat watching the sparks. Thank you. (Kristen L. Rubin)

- I really enjoyed your visit. I can’t possibly imagine that you actually got ready in a minute! I liked trying to play the fife and shooting the gun and the drum and looking at the things you would have used.... Thanks for the visit.... I enjoyed it a lot. (Annie Jean-Baptiste)

- Thank you for coming to our school. It was fun how you taught us to fire a gun. And the drum and fife were cool! And thank you for eating lunch with us. When you played the music together it sounded good! (Claire Sheldon)

- Thank you for coming to our classroom. I really like the muskets and the musketballs.... I also learned the muskets were not very accurate and did not work well in the rain. Thank you. (Charles)

Hmm, some of these enthusiastic youngsters sound like potential recruits....

Not Quite As Painful As Taxes

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... and you can be sure your hard-earned money will be spent wisely, too! What are we talking about? It certainly isn’t your utility bill or your auto registration renewal. No, we’re talking about your Lincoln Minute Man dues. If you’ve not had an opportunity to send your payment to our Ensign Paymaster Ben Soule (101 Maple Street, Lexington, MA 02173), now would be a good time to do so. Once again, because of our group’s frugality and fiscal conservatism, dues for the ‘96 - ‘97 event year remain at $15.00 for individuals and $20.00 for families. So be sure to jump on the dues-paying bandwagon and send your payment today!

Attendance

In these busy times it isn’t always possible to participate in all of our events. And certainly your attendance (and your good company) is always preferred over your absence. Your attendance really does count: it helps us look better (with more musketmen and colonials) and sound better (with more musicians). Your frequent attendance can help you directly, too. There are events (such as this year’s USS Constitution sailing) in which only a limited number of the Company can participate. On such occasions, in fairness, preference should be given to those who have regularly attended the Company’s activities, including monthly musters and public presentations. Attendance will be taken at each activity, so you will want to be sure you visit with each event’s coordinator so he/she can register your participation in that event.

Information Packet for New Recruits, Prepared By A New Recruit

Michael George, a new (and thoroughly-energized!) member who has seen an obvious need, is working on a packet of materials that will be made available (when finished) to new recruits. Mihael already has some terrific ideas for his documentation, and he’d like to receive more from anyone wishing to contribute. Contact Michael at 259-0302 with questions or comments you wish to share.

Lecture Series Sponsored By Our Friend, The National Park

The Minute Man National Historical Park is continuing its ever-popular lecture series this year. All lectures are on Tuesday evenings, 8:00 pm, at the Trinitarian Congregational Church (54 Walden Street, Concord Center). Admission is free. Dates, speakers and topics are as follows:

February 4: Alfred Lima “Concord’s Geology and the Cultural Landscape” February 11: Jack Ahern “Achieving a Balance: Landscape Interpretation vs. Natural Resource Protection” February 18: Steven Pendery “Archeology of the American Revolution in Greater Boston” February 25: Brian Donohue “The Fall and Rise of Commons in Concord” March 4: William Fowler “Rebels Under Sail: The American Navy in the Revolution” March 11: David Bitterman “Historic Architecture and the Restoration of the Job Brooks House in Lincoln”

Attribution — Taking The Blame (Or Credit, If You Insist)

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For some reason, members have been wanting to know who puts the newsletters together. Well, this year it has been a joint effort between Adjutant Rich Meyers and Captain Don Hafner. Rich does most of the writing, Don does the rest. Don also addresses and stuffs the envelopes and puts them in the mail. This arrangement of splitting responsibilities has worked out well for both, and it has made newsletter preparation more of a joy than a burden.

If you wish to contribute something to the newsletter, please contact Rich Meyers at 617-259-9851. This is your publication, folks, and it would be great to have you share your wisdom, news, insight and humor with your compatriots.

A Final Reminder

Next muster: February 4th, 7:30 pm, at the Pierce House.

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“Have a wonderful and joyous New Year.”

From the officers of the Lincoln Minute Men

Tuesday, January 7 — Monthly Muster

The January Muster will be held on the 7th, at 7:30 PM at the Pierce House. As always, savory coffee and scrumptous cookies will be served.

Note from the Adjutant: “savory” and “scrumptious” are severe understatements: the coffee and cookies are downright outstanding! Saying that lively and interesting conversation will happen at these musters should be enough to entice even the most hardened members to attend, but the addition of the terrific goodies now eliminates all reasons for not coming to the meeting.

Clinton Inaugural Aides Commit Grevious Error; President’s Chagrin Anticipated

Despite the charm and perseverance of Rick Wiggin, the Presidential Inaugural Parade Committee has made a serious error of judgment and has declined to issue an invitation to the flashiest Minute Man company in all of America. Too bad, because they are going to have a tough time explaining this error to the President when he notices that we are not there — as surely he will.

But no matter, there is always the Inaugural of 2001. And in the meantime, we have other fun events to turn our attention to, including the sailing of the USS Constitution in July 1997, and a Tall Ships event on the 225th anniversary of the Revolution in the year 2000. Still, we should feel sorry for Bill and Hillary — they will be sad when the Lincoln Minute Men don’t march by on January 20th.

December Muster Treated To Outstanding Presentation By Supt. Nancy Nelson

The undisputed highlight of the December muster — even exceeding the tasty treats — was a presentation given by Minute Man National Historic Park Superintendent Nancy Nelson, telling us about the exciting future plans for the Park. Answering a wide variety of questions from members and guests, Nancy told us about the interpretive pathways that will extend unbroken from Meriam’s Corner through Lincoln (including the Bloody Angle) to Fiske Hill in Lexington. She also shared with us some of the plans for the redesign of the Battle Road Visitors’ Center as well as the new, better, quieter and much safer placement of the marker commemorating Paul Revere’s capture. While some of the plans will require several years to reach fruition, changes are already evident, and we’ll be able to enjoy several of these this coming Spring.

This was a wonderful evening. We were extremely grateful for Nancy’s willingness to talk with us, and we were touched by her enthusiasm for and dedication to the Park that means so much to all of us.

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Sorry, Mr. Revere, We Have To Reschedule Your Capture (If You Don’t Mind)

After consultation with the Minute Man National Historical Park staff, the Captain has decided that the Paul Revere Capture Event will be held on Sunday, April 13th, at 3 PM. Ordinarily this event would be held on the Saturday prior to the Concord Parade, but this year the Battle Road Skirmish will be on that Saturday and would pose a conflict for members of the Company and the Park staff.

The following is therefore the schedule for the events leading up to, and immediately following next year’s Patriots’ Day celebration:

March 29 Saturday Marching and Musket Drill (Mandatory) April 12 Saturday Battle Road Skirmish (Optional) April 13 Sunday Paul Revere Capture April 18 Friday Alarm and Muster April 19 Saturday Breakfast, March to Concord, and Parade April 27 Sunday Revolutionary Graves Ceremony

“A Well Regulated Militia, Being Necessary To The Security Of A Free State …”

Henry Rugo has obtained a number of copies of the United States Constitution, in the form of a special booklet done for the Bicentennial celebration of America’s founding document. These are shirt- pocket sized booklets, containing the main text, all the amendments, a convenient index, and a list of important dates for the Constitution. Very useful for settling arguments over what the Second Amendment actually says, or where you should go if you need a Letter of Marque and Reprisal. Any member of the Company who would like a copy should contact Henry, at 259-9031. (Henry is not authorized to grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal, however.)

“To Serve At The Pleasure Of The Company, For The Time Being ...”

The following are the Company’s officers for the year. They stand ready to serve the Company, but they would also be grateful for your support and suggestions.

Captain Don Hafner 489-2539 First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey 899-0933 Quartermaster Tim Hays (508) 443-1397 Ensign Adjutant Rich Meyers 259-9851 Ensign Paymaster Ben Soule 863-9571 Sergeant Major Bud Teabo 259-9097 Drum Major Fred Richardson 259-8336 Historian Bob Hicks 259-0335 Exec Cmttee at Large Camille Groves & Rich Meyers 259-0469 & 259-9851 Exec Cmttee ex Officio Rick Wiggin 259-0489

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Special thanks must be extended to Ben Soule for his willingness to serve as our Ensign Paymaster this year. As you know, Ben is a top-notch fifer, and he takes over for Steve Humphrey who served with distinction in the Paymaster position and who is now our First Lieutenant.

A Final Reminder

January Muster on Tuesday the 7th, 7:30 PM, Pierce House. Bring your appetites, comments, questions, and good humor with you.

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“It has been said that although God cannot alter the past, historians can. It is perhaps because historians can be useful to Him in this respect that He tolerates their existence.” from Erewhon Revisited by Samuel Butler

Tuesday, December 10 — Monthly Muster — Note the Unusual Date

Because another event is scheduled at the Pierce House during our usual “first Tuesday” meeting date, our December Muster has been shifted to the second Tuesday, December 10th. 7:30 PM at the Pierce House. (The normal muster schedule will resume with the January 7, 1997, meeting.)

December Muster To Have Dazzling Guest Star

Nancy Nelson, the Superintendent at Minute Man National Historic Park, will be our special guest at the December 10th muster. Nancy will be talking to us about the Park’s exciting future plans as well as sharing the more amusing aspects of her job (such as fielding some very unusual questions from Park visitors). Captain Hafner strongly encourages you to attend — it would be downright tragic (and an embarrassment for the Company) if attendance at what promises to be a lively and entertaining meeting is nothing less than spectacular. Rumor has it that refreshments might even be served! So, please make every effort to attend — if not for the goodies, then to hear Nancy discuss her vision for a Park we all cherish.

“And I in My Minute Man Nightshirt and Ma in her Cap ...”

Need something unique for a special person on your holiday list? Consider a T-shirt or sweatshirt emblazoned with the Lincoln Minute Man logo. All sizes are available and at extraordinarily down-to- earth prices — certainly a gift that will bring a smile to the recipient (and help support the educational projects of the Company). Rich Meyers is the elf to call, at 617-259-9851, to place your order today.

“Proper Notice Will Be Taken ... “

George Washington, in his first General Orders to the army in Cambridge on July 4, 1775, issued this command: “Proper Notice will be taken of such Officers and Men, as distinguish themselves by their attention to these necessary duties.” The monthly newsletter seems an appropriate place to obey the General’s edict and to give recognition to members of the Company who participate in special events or make an unusual contribution. But there is a hazard. From time to time, someone will be overlooked (as Rich Meyers was last month in the news about the Mothers of Twins event). When it happens, please speak up. It may be hard to imagine, but even the Captain makes a mistake once in a while.

Begging, Pleading, and Cajoling Really Do Work

Just ask Rich Meyers, new Ensign Adjutant for the Company. Actually, as you’re probably aware, Rich had been Adjutant for the past two years, and he has agreed to re-enlist in the same capacity this year. There’s nothing like “re-up”ing, that’s for sure! william_smith@lincoln_minute_men.org

“Bill, it’s two lanterns. You and your Lincoln Minute Men know what to do. I’d come join you, but Joachim Hertz at the livery stable says it’s a three-day minimum on horse rentals, and he won’t take my upgrade coupon. Remember to keep receipts if you want reimbursement for travel expenses. You can

161 Page 162 reach me at paul_revere@sons_of_liberty.org. By the way, take Ben Church off your cc list. He says he wants to stay informed, but I have my doubts about him.”

It could have been different, eh? If you have an email address where you can be reached, please send a message to the Captain at [email protected]. If you would like, you can receive the monthly newsletter by email.

Tentative April 1997 Calendar of Events

The following is a preliminary schedule for the events leading up to, and immediately following next year’s Patriots’ Day celebration:

March 29 Saturday Marching and Musket Drill Mandatory April 6 Sunday Paul Revere Capture April 12 Saturday Battle Road Skirmish Optional April 18 Friday Alarm and Muster April 19 Saturday Breakfast, March to Concord, and Parade April 27 Sunday Revolutionary Graves Ceremony

This schedule departs from our usual practice. One might expect to see the Paul Revere Capture occurring on April 12, the weekend before the Concord Parade. However, it cannot occur that day because that’s when the Battle Road Skirmish will take place in the Park. Likewise, the Revere Capture ceremony cannot happen on Saturday April 5, because that’s when Lincoln will be holding its Town Meeting. Thus, a Sunday appears to be the logical choice, and the 6th looks better than the 13th because the latter has a Minute Man event (the Skirmish) the previous day. Contact the Captain (617-489-2539) if you have questions or comments about the proposed schedule.

It’s Not Every Day One Gets to March for The President

That’s right! It is possible we may be marching in the upcoming Inaugural Parade. Former captain Rick Wiggin is applying his ingenuity and expertise to getting us an invitation. Although this is still in the developmental stages, the Captain asks all members to set aside a few days on either side of January 20 (the date of the Inaugural). If our bid to participate is accepted, the Captain and the Adjutant will likely send out a special mailing, letting you know how you can prepare for what promises to be another Great Adventure. Of course, if the Company gets the invitation, lots of volunteers will be needed to plan and arrange logistics. We were an impressive group in 1993 — we can dazzle them again in ‘97.

Wear Your Own Clothes

Though that may sound a bit harsh, it does serve as a reminder to those of you still in possession of a borrowed Company uniform that now is the time to arrange for a uniform of your own. Quartermaster Tim Hays would like to have the borrowed uniforms returned to the Company so he can prepare them for the upcoming wave of Spring (and possibly Inauguration) recruits. Please contact Tim Hays for information about patterns, materials, etc.

Next Muster December 10th — not the 3rd — at 7:30 PM at the Pierce House in Lincoln.

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Tuesday, November 5 — Monthly Muster

Nicely appropriate that we should be holding our November Muster on Election Day. 7:30 PM at the Pierce House. As our notice in the Lincoln Journal Calendar section states: “All members and interested townsfolk are invited. Refreshments and lively conversation are promised.”

An invitation to come meet with us has been extended to Nancy Nelson, Superintendent of the Minute Man National Historical Park, for a discussion of the innovations planned for the park. We await word from her about whether her schedule permits. If not, Larry Zuelke, who served as a landscaping consultant to the Park, has agreed to step in. We also need to plan and allocate tasks for another Presidential Inaugural Parade bid from the Lincoln Minute Men.

Mothers of our Country — The Mothers of Twins Event

On Saturday, October 19th, a contingent of the Lincoln Minute Men performed an opening flag ceremony for the annual meeting of the Mothers of Twins, in Woburn. It was a quick event, but thoroughly enjoyed by all. The Company even devised a few utterly novel field maneuvers while making their entrance and exit, ones that certainly would have provoked one of those famous German tirades from Baron von Steuben. Participants included Tim Hays, Steve McCarthy, Fred Richardson, Ben Soule, Emily Phelps, Bob Phelps, Dave White, Eric White, Rick Wiggin, and the Captain. The fee earned by their labors will benefit the entire Company in its educational projects.

Paths of Glory — The National Park Dedication Ceremony

On Saturday, October 26th, the Lincoln Minute Men were represented at the Minute Man National Historical Park’s dedication and groundbreaking ceremony for the Battle Road Trail, an interpretative path that will eventually thread 5.5 miles from end to end and link Concord and Lexington to the historical sections of Lincoln. (Did you notice how that was worded? Take that, Lexington and Concord!) The Company was represented by the Rick Wiggin, Larry Zuelke, and the Captain in uniform, with Steve, Phoebe, and young Steve McCarthy and Henry Rugo mingling with the crowd in their civvies.

Honor Within Our Ranks

Bob Lenington, as some of you know, was for many years the financial officer at Bentley College. He is now also a favorably-reviewed author. His book, Managing Higher Education as a Business, was just published, and has received praise in the Fall issue of Planning for Higher Education. The reviewer touted the book as “remarkable ... amazingly informative and concise ... an extraordinarily helpful book.” Rumor has it that Bob is working on his next book, tentatively titled Managing a Minute Man Company as if it were a Military Unit. (Our thanks to Bob Hicks, whose sharp eye spotted the book review.)

An Appeal to the Winter Soldier in You

We all find ourselves short of time and long on responsibilities in our lives, but the Lincoln Minute Men cannot survive without the sustaining energies of its members. So please step forward and let the Captain know that you are willing to lend a hand, whether for a large task or small. We are still in need of an Ensign Adjutant, to assure that this Newsletter goes out in a timely fashion. A small job, but vital.

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“To Serve at the Pleasure of the Company, For the Time Being ...”

The following are the Company’s officers for the coming year, elected at the October Muster:

Captain Don Hafner 489-2539 First Lieutenant Steve Humphrey 899-0933 Quartermaster Tim Hays (508) 443-1397 Ensign Adjutant Ensign Paymaster Ben Soule 863-9571 Sergeant Major Bud Teabo 259-9097 Drum Major Fred Richardson 259-8336 Historian Bob Hicks 259-0335 Exec Cmttee at Large Camille Groves & Rich Meyers 259-0469 & 259-9851 Exec Cmttee ex Officio Rick Wiggin 259-0489

They are pleased to serve, but they also need your encouragement and support.

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