Electric Power Lines and Bird Conservation Along the Danube River

DANUBEPARKS Position Paper: Electric Power Lines and Bird Conservation along the Danube River

Project co-funded by the European Union (ERDF, IPA funds)

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In cooperation with BirdLife Österreich and Danube Delta National Institute

Editing & Text: Remo Probst (BirdLife Austria), Alexandru Dorosencu (Danube Delta National Institute) & Georg Frank (DANUBEPARKS)

Contributions: Stephanie Blutaumüller, Walter Böhmer, Gabriela Cretu, Attila Fersch, Andrea Froncova, 0ECłNA@$AEnHAN )Q?E=!AQPO?DKR¹ *=NAG$¹HEO $UQH=(EOO $=>NEAH=*KNKVKR 1E>KN*EGQĊG= &KJ*QJPA=JQ 1E>KN-=NN=C "IEHEU=-APGKR= 3HP=GK/KĜ=? 1DKI=O0?DJAE@AN

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Cover Pictures: Georg Frank (DANUBEPARKS)

Proofreading: Benjamin Seaman

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Synopsis and aims of the Position Paper4 Birds and power lines – introductory background5 4HEÒ$ANUBEÒkÒFACTSÒANDÒµGURES7 -NKłHA 7 =?G>KJABKN>EK@ERANOEPU7 0PQ@U=NA=8 Power line network10 Current knowledge13 Expert assessment and potential impacts14 Current mitigation measures14 Prioritisation of protection measures Need for prioritisation Collision Electrocution23 Bird-friendly solutions25 -NAHEIEJ=NUAT=JEI=PEKJO=J@LNKFA?P=OOAOOIAJPO25 +AA@O=J=HUOEO=J@HAC=H>=?GCNKQJ@25 3=NE=JP?DA?G25 New construction or conversion Construction versus operation phase 1A?DJE?=HOKHQPEKJO=C=EJOP?KHHEOEKJ 2J@ANCNKQJ@?=>HEJC *=NGEJCKBLKSANHEJAOSEPD>EN@@ERANPANO27 !A?KJOPNQ?PEKJKBLKSANHEJAO29 %=>EP=PIK@Eł?=PEKJOPKIEJEIEOANEOGKB?KHHEOEKJ30 1A?DJE?=HOKHQPEKJO=C=EJOPAHA?PNK?QPEKJ30 Underground cabling30 -NEI=NUOQNB=?AOKHQPEKJO30 0A?KJ@=NUOQNB=?AOKHQPEKJO31 *EOOEJCKNQJOQEP=>HAOKHQPEKJO31 DANUBE FREE SKY – a model for bird conservation at large rivers in Europe32 Acknowledgements33 Literature34 Annex 1: Danube-wide inventory of power lines along the Danube river38 Annex 2: Electricity pylons and their risk for birds related to electrocution Annex 3: List of Special Protected Areas for Birds (Natura 2000 SPA) and Important Bird Areas (IBAs, in the case of Serbia) located in the project area 6\QRSVLVDQGDLPVRIWKH3RVLWLRQ3DSHU

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Fig. 1: Collision and electrocution – relevant risks for bird lives in the Danube Region. (photo: LIFE Energy/Raptor Protection of Slovakia)

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3.1. Profile 1DA !=JQ>A EO PDA OA?KJ@ H=NCAOP NERAN EJ "QNKLA =BPAN PDA 3KHC= SEPD = HAJCPD KB GI &P KNECEJ=PAOEJPDA H=?G#KNAOP $ANI=JU =J@ŃKSOPDNKQCDH=NCAL=NPOKB0KQPD"=OP"QNKLAPKPDA !=JQ>A!AHP=1DA!=JQ>A?NKOOAOKNPKQ?DAOI=JU?KQJPNEAO J=IAHU$ANI=JU QOPNE= 0HKR=GE= %QJC=NU NK=PE= 0AN>E= /KI=JE= *KH@KR==J@2GN=EJA&PO@N=EJ=CA>=OEJSEPDJKHAOOPD=J OMQ=NAGEHKIAPNAOATPAJ@OEJPKJEJAIKNA?KQJPNEAO#KNPDEONA=OKJ PDA!=JQ>AEOKJAKBPDAIKOP EJPANJ=PEKJ=HNERANOEJPDASKNH@SA=HPDKBBQNPDANCAJAN=HEJBKNI=PEKJ?=J>ABKQJ@ BKNAT=ILHA on the homepage of the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River (https:// www.icpdr.org/main EJ>KKGOHEGAPDAKJA>U01+Û&(',3+,3&ÛĠ KNEJLKLQH=NKRAN REASSKNGOOQ?D=OPD=PKB30&ÙĠ

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1DANERAN=J@EPOATPAJOERASAPH=J@O=NAGAUSEJPANEJCCNKQJ@OBKNI=JUS=PAN>EN@LKLQH=PEKJOO=J example, the eastern and central part of the Danube course region at times holds almost the entire SKNH@LKLQH=PEKJKB/A@>NA=OPA@$AAOAĠ%UDQWDUXƓFROOLVĢ("/ $,/&2-AP=H 2HPEI=PA HU PDA=NA=EO=HOKKBKQPOP=J@EJCEILKNP=J?A=O=OPKLKRANOEPABKNIECN=PKNU>EN@O A?=QOAKBEPO HK?=PEKJ=PPDAFQJ?PEKJKBPDA*A@EPANN=JA=J -KJPE?=J@"QN=OE=JOQ>VKJAOKBPDA-=HA=N?PE?B=QJ=H NA=HI IEHHEKJOKB>EN@OQOAPDAHKSAN!=JQ>APKNALHAJEODPDAENAJANCU@QNEJCIECN=PEKJĠ+"41,+ 0+!,/AP=H

7 #KNPDA4DEPAP=EHA@0A=A=CHA PDA!=JQ>AEO=JEILKNP=JP>NAA@EJC NAOPEJC=J@SEJPANEJCLH=?AO BKNSEJPANEJC -/, 01=J@?KHHA=CQAOĠ ?KQJPA@QLPKA=CHAO@QNEJCPDAłNOPSEJPAN?AJOQO EJ'=JQ=NU%KPOLKPOKBK??QNNAJ?ASANAPDA AJPN=H!=JQ>AŃKK@LH=EJOPDA=NA=AJ?KIL=OO EJCPDAHKSAN%QJC=NE=JOA?PEKJĠ!=JQ>A!N=R=+=PEKJ=H-=NG (KL=ÜGENEP+=PQNA-=NGĠ NK=PE= PDA $KNJFA-K@QJ=RHFA0LA?E=H+=PQNA/AOANRAĠ0AN>E= =J@PDA!=JQ>A!AHP= EKOLDANA/AOANRAOB=N =O>NAA@EJCEJ@ERE@Q=HO=NA?KJ?ANJA@ +"*"0%7&AP=HĠ D=RAODKSJPD=PPDANAEO=?ANP=EJ CAJAPE?=QPKJKIUKBPDA4DEPAP=EHA@0A=A=CHALKLQH=PEKJEJPDA =NL=PDE=J =OEJ EAEJ=NACEKJ SDKOA>=?G>KJAEOPDA!=JQ>A JKPDAN=LLNK=?DEOPKHKKG=PPDA+=PQN==NA=O=HKJCPDA!=JQ>A SDE?D=NADKIAPKI=JU @EBBANAJPNALNAOAJP=PERA>EN@OLA?EAOPK>ALNKPA?PA@=HKJCPDA!=JQ>A1DANAOQHPKBPDA0LA?E=H-NK tected Areas and Important Bird Areas standard data forms (https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and- maps/data/natura-9; http://datazone.birdlife.org/site/factsheet/gornje-podunavlje-iba-serbia/de- tails; http://natura2000.eea.europa.eu/#) show the high relevance of these sites when it comes to >EN@O?KJOANR=PEKJEJ"QNKLA

3.3. Study area 1DAP=NCAP=NA=KB!+2 "#/""0(6EOCAJAN=HHUPDA!=JQ>ANERAN=J@PDA=@FKEJEJCNEL=NE=JVKJA Ġ=HHQRE=HBKNAOPO PNE>QP=NEAO KLAJH=J@ EP@KAOJKP?KNNAOLKJ@SEPDPDAļ!=JQ>A>=OEJ=O=SDKHA #KN?HA=N=J=HUOAOEPS=OJA?AOO=NUPK@AłJAPDEO=NA=AT=?PHU SDE?DS=O@KJA=OBKHHKSOġłNOP=HEJA OD=LAłHAKBPDANERAN!=JQ>AĠhttp://www.danubegis.org/ S=O=@@A@PK.Q=JPQI$&01DAJ =>QBBANSEPD=@EOP=J?AKBPDNAAGEHKIAPNAOKJA=?DOE@AKBPDANERANS=O?NA=PA@0A?KJ@ =HH=?PERA =J@K>OANR=>HANEL=NE=JVKJAOĠhttps://land.copernicus.eu/local/riparian-zones/riparian-zones-de- lineation KBPDA!=JQ>ASANA=@@A@PKPDAH=UAN"RANU=?PERA=J@K>OANR=>HANEL=NE=JVKJALKHUCKJ SEPDEJPDA=BKNAIAJPEKJA@PDNAAGEHKIAPNA!=JQ>A>QBBANS=OOAHA?PA@1DAJ=OA?KJ@>QBBANSEPD =@EOP=J?AKBPDNAAGEHKIAPNAOS=O?NA=PA@=NKQJ@PDAOAHA?PA@LKHUCKJO(KL=ÜGENEP=J@PDA!=J Q>A @AHP= SANA =@@A@ OAL=N=PAHU Ġhttps://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-8/natura-2000-spatial-DATANATURA SHAPEµLE OEJ?A>KPD=NARANUH=NCA=J@EILKNP=JPSAPH=J@O =HKJCPDA!=JQ>A=J@PDAEN=NA=SKQH@KPDANSEOA>AQJ@ANNALNAOAJPA@>UPDALNAREKQOOAHA?PEKJ PDNAAGEHKIAPNA>QBBANS=O=HOK?NA=PA@=NKQJ@PDAOAPSK+=PQN==NA=O#EJ=HHU =HHLKHUCKJO SANAIANCA@PK=OEJCHA H=NCALNKFA?P=NA=1DAłJ=H@AHEIEPA@=NA=D=O=OEVAKB OMQ=NA GEHKIAPNAO=J@?=J>AOAAJEJ#EC

Fig. 2: The Danube River – a backbone for biodiversity and one of Europe´s most important bird flyways (photo: D. Petrescu)

8 9 Fig. 3: Project area along the Danube. It comprises the river itself as well as the neighbouring riparian zone.

3.4. Power line network &JPDAJATPOPAL PDAHK?=PEKJOKBLKSANHEJAOD=@PK>A@APANIEJA@BKNPDALNKFA?P=NA=Ġ@AłJA@EJ?D=L PAN 2JBKNPQJ=PAHU PDANAEOJKOEJCHAH=UANPD=PEONA=@EHU=??AOOE>HA=P=J"2HARAH OKSAD=@PKOQI I=NEOAOARAN=HOKQN?AODANA1DEONAOQHPOEJ=JEJRAJPKNUSDE?DEOH=NCAHU >QPJKPMQEPA?KILHAPA1DA I=EJOKQN?AKBEJBKNI=PEKJS=O,LAJ0PNAAP*=L,LAJOKQN?A@=P=Ġhttp://www.geofabrik.de/) was @KSJHK=@A@BKNA=?D?KQJPNU=HKJCPDA!=JQ>A1DA,LAJ0PNAAP*=LłHAOSANAEILKNPA@EJPK.Q=J PQI$&0=J@LNAL=NA@BKNBQNPDANLNK?AOOEJC1KLKHKCUS=OATLKNPA@PK=JASH=UAN>U?DKKOEJC LKHUHEJAO=J@OAHA?PEJCKJHU=PPNE>QPAOSEPDPDABKHHKSEJCP=COġļJ=IA ļLKSAN ļRKHP=CA ļKLAN=PKN =J@ļNABJ0.)MQANUS=OQOA@PKOAP=LNKRE@ANłHPANKJPDA=PPNE>QPAP=CCA@ļLKSAN DKOAJ R=HQAOSANAP=CCA@ļHEJA=J@ļIEJKN;HEJA1DEOS=O@KJABKNARANU?KQJPNU NAOQHPEJCEJKJAH=UANLAN ?KQJPNU?KJP=EJEJC=HHLKSANHEJAOSDE?D?=J>ABKQJ@KJ,LAJ0PNAAP*=LHHH=UANOSANAIANCA@PK KJA>ECH=UAN SDE?DS=OPDAJOLHEP>URKHP=CA=PPNE>QPAOEJPKPDNAAOD=LAłHAOġKJASEPDARANUHEJA=>KRA G3 KJASEPDARANUHEJAAMQ=HPKKN>AHKSG3KNARANUHEJAP=CCA@ļIEJKN;HEJA =J@KJABKN=HH NAI=EJEJCLKSANHEJAOSEPDIEOOEJCRKHP=CAR=HQAO@@EPEKJ=HHU A=?DL=NPJANNACEKJLNKRE@A@@=P=BNKI HK?=HJAPSKNGKLAN=PKNOPK?KILHAPAPDAI=LKBPN=JOIEOOEKJHEJAO=O>AOPLKOOE>HA1DA?KKN@EJ=PANAB ANAJ?AOUOPAIQOA@S=O"1/0)""QNKLAHHLKSANHEJAOEJPANOA?PEJCPDALNKFA?P=NA=SANA ?HELLA@SEPD.Q=JPQI$&0=J@QOA@BKNBQNPDAN?=H?QH=PEKJO &JOQII=NU =NKQJ@ GEHKIAPNAOKBDECD=J@IA@EQIRKHP=CALKSANHEJAONQJ=HKJC=J@=?NKOO PDEOļ!=JQ>A?KNNE@KN*KNAPD=JDECDRKHP=CAHEJAOOL=JPDANERAN SDEHAI=JUKPDANIA@EQI=J@ HKSRKHP=CAHEJAO?NKOOPDANERANH=J@O?=LAĠ?KIL#EC 1SKPDEN@OKBLKSANHEJAO=NAIA@EQIRKHP =CAHEJAO SDEHAKJAPDEN@=NADECDRKHP=CAHEJAO,BPDADECDRKHP=CAHEJAO =LLNKTEI=PAHUEJPANOA?P Natura 2000 areas and therefore represent the highest risk to protected bird species regarding colli OEKJIKJCPDAIA@EQIRKHP=CAHEJAO =NKQJ@=NAOEPQ=PA@EJ+=PQN==NA=O=J@LKOAPDA >ECCAOPLNK>HAIEJPANIOKBAHA?PNK?QPEKJ

10 11 Fig. 4: Power lines along the Danube. In the selected project area, power lines generally decrease from west to east (see Annex 1). Exemplary maps are shown for the Upper Dan- ube (Germany), the Middle Danube (Hungary south of Budapest) and the Lower Danube (Danube Delta).

%KSARAN PDALKSANHEJAO=NAJKPARAJHU@EOPNE>QPA@=?NKOOPDAOPQ@U=NA=O?=J>AOAAJBNKI1=>HA PDAPKP=HHAJCPDKBLKSANHEJAOEJPANOA?PEJCPDALNKFA?P=NA=LAN?KQJPNUCAJAN=HHU@A?NA=OAOBNKI SAOPPKA=OP KJOE@ANEJC BKNAT=ILHA PD=PQOPNE==J@%QJC=NUD=RALN=?PE?=HHUPDAO=IAPKP=HHAJCPD KBLKSANHEJAO >QP>KN@ANPDANERANBKNGEHKIAPNAO=J@GEHKIAPNAONAOLA?PERAHU PDEO@EBBAN AJ?A?=J>AOPNEGEJC NK=PE= 0AN>E==J@ QHC=NE= IA=JSDEHA KJHUD=RA?KIL=N=PERAHUOI=HHAHA?PNE?EPU CNE@OJAT?ALPEKJPKPDEOļCAJAN=HNQHA DKSARAN EO/KI=JE= SDE?DEOI=NCEJ=HHU=DA=@EJPANIOKB DECDRKHP=CAHEJAHAJCPD =J@?HA=NHU=DA=@EJPANIOKBIA@EQIRKHP=CAHEJAHAJCPD

OPDA=R=EH=>EHEPUKBLQ>HE?@=P=@EBBANOOECJEł?=JPHUBNKI?KQJPNUPK?KQJPNU PDEOOP=PEOPE?=HOKNAŃA?PO PDAMQ=HEPU=J@MQ=JPEPUKB@=P=OQNRAUA@=J@LNKRE@A@SEPDEJPDA!+2 "#/""0(6EJEPE=PERA

Voltage/ GER AUT SK HU HR RS BG RO country High 1,002.38 664.29 147.95 526.20 46.00 311.88 122.97 1,097.48 Medium 1,369.81 670.66 509.08 694.71 59.63 5.94 5.99 3,150.95 Low 2.25 9.44 0.00 29.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Unknown 3.44 11.45 19.19 111.60 5.22 172.99 357.45 634.01 Sum 2,377.88 1,355.84 676.22 1,362.02 110.85 490.81 486.41 4,882.44

Tab. 1: Length of the power lines in the investigation area along the Danube, divided according to different voltages.

12 3.5. Current knowledge &JOQII=NU EPIQOP>AOP=PA@PD=PGJKSHA@CANAC=N@EJCPDAJAC=PERAABBA?POKBLKSANHEJAOKJ>EN@O EJPDAOPQ@U=NA=EON=PDANHEIEPA@HPDKQCDPDANA=NAOKIARANUR=HQ=>HAABBKNPO=PPDAJ=PEKJ=HHARAH ĠAC!"*"1"/AP=H KNQJ?KJJA?PA@PKPDANERANĠAC$"/!7%&(,3!"*"/!7&"3 !"*"/!7%&"3 BASOPQ@EAOD=RA>AAJ?=NNEA@KQP@ENA?PHUKJPDA!=JQ>AEPOAHB1DAIKOPEI LKNP=JPKBPDAOAOPQ@EAO=J@PDAENNAOQHPO=NALNAOAJPA@>AHKS

1DANA=NAJKOLA?Eł?!=JQ>ANAH=PA@OQNRAUOEJ$ANI=JUKNQOPNE=OKB=N%KSARAN EJ$ANI=JUPDANA EO=SA=HPDKBEJRAOPEC=PEKJO?KJ?ANJEJCPDEOPKLE?ĠAC1+)2*4")1-)+2+$ '²!& ("AP=H SDEHAEJQOPNE=PDAłNOP?=IAN=>=OA@EJRAOPEC=PEKJOKBPDA!=JQ>A=NA?QNNAJPHUEJLNKCNAOOĠ0 >ANHA QOPNE=J-KSAN$NE@ LANO?KII

&J0HKR=GE= =H=NCA)&#""JANCULNKFA?PS=OOP=NPA@EJĠ*$¹HEO LANO?KII OLA?E=HHUPN=EJA@ łAH@=OOEOP=JPOD=RAOQNRAUA@=HIKOP GEHKIAPNAOKBLKSANHEJAOĠG3=J@G3 EJ0-O =J@OLAJP=HIKOP @=UOEJłAH@PKP=HKB >EN@?=N?=OOAOĠ>AHKJCEJCPKE@AJPEłA@OLA?EAO D=RA>AAJNA?KN@A@&JPDAI=FKNEPUKB>EN@O PDA@APANIEJA@?=QOAKB@A=PDS=OAHA?PNK?QPEKJĠ=>KQP KN?KHHEOEKJĠ=>KQP 1DAOLA?EAOIKOPLNKJAPKAHA?PNK?QPEKJSANA"QN=OE=J QVV=N@ĠButeo buteo KB?=OQ=HPEAO =J@"QN=OE=J*=CLEAĠPica pica 1DAOLA?EAOIKOPLNKJAPK?KHHEOEKJ SEPDSENAOSANA*QPA0S=JĠCygnus olor =J@ KIIKJ-DA=O=JPĠPhasianus colchicus ,BPDA>EN@OLA?EAO=BBA?PA@ PDKOASEPD=L=NPE?QH=NHUDECDJ=PQNA?KJOANR=PEKJR=HQAEJ?HQ@A"=CHA,SH (Bubo bubo) and White Stork (Ciconia ciconia EJPDA?=OAKBAHA?PNK?QPEKJ =J@-QNLHA%ANKJĠArdea purpurea), Lapwing (Vanellus vanellus =J@0GUH=NGĠAlauda arvensis EJPDA?=OAKB?KHHEOEKJ"HA?PNK ?QPEKJ?=OAOSANA?KJ?AJPN=PA@EJłAH@OĠKBPAJ=HB=HB= LNK>=>HU>A?=QOAPDAOAD=>EP=POKBPAJ?KI>EJA =DECDOQLLHUKBOI=HHI=II=HO=OLNAUSEPD=HKSJQI>ANKBLAN?DAO KHHEOEKJOK??QNNA@RANUKBPAJ SDANASAPH=J@O=J@BAA@EJC=NA=O=NAOAL=N=PA@>ULKSANHEJAO IA=JEJCPDAUD=RAPK>ABNAMQAJPHU ?NKOOA@>U>EN@OOSEP?DEJC>APSAAJNAOPEJC=J@BKN=CEJCOEPAO,RAN=HH PDEOH=NCAOPKB=HHEJRAOPEC=PEKJO SEPD=OD=NAEJKQNOPQ@U=NA=ODKSOPD=PPDA!=JQ>A =O=OQLN=NACEKJ=HHUEILKNP=JPSAPH=J@=NA= EO =HOK=DECDNEOG=NA=BKN>EN@IKNP=HEPUKJLKSANHEJAO,BPDA GEHKIAPNAOEJRAOPEC=PA@ GEHK IAPNAOB=HHSEPDEJPDAOPQ@U=NA=OAHA?PA@BKNPDEOLKOEPEKJL=LAN,BPDAOA GIĠ B=HHEJPKPDA DECDAOPNEOG?H=OOBKN>EN@?KHHEOEKJO

&J%QJC=NU >EN@LNKPA?PEKJKJKRANDA=@HEJAOD=O=PN=@EPEKJKBIKNAPD=JUA=NO1DA!=JQ>ANACEKJ S=OJKPOLA?Eł?=HHUKNOAL=N=PAHUPNA=PA@Ġ#&!)¯ 7(6AP=H !"*"1"/AP=H =J@ =BPAN =NEOG=J=HUOEO PDAIKOPLNK>HAI=PE?=NA=OĠ=PHA=OPNAC=N@EJCAHA?PNK?QPEKJKJIA@EQIRKHP=CAHEJAO SANABKQJ@PK>AEJPDAA=OPANJ%QJC=NE=JHKSH=J@O4EPDEJPDABN=IASKNGKB!+2 "#/""0(6 łNOPOQNRAUOSANA?KJ@Q?PA@>UPDA#ANPÌ%=JO¹C+=PEKJ=H-=NG!ENA?PKN=PAEJPDA0VECAPGÌVNACEKJ

&J NK=PE= EJRAOPEC=PEKJOSANA?=NNEA@KQPKJHUEJ?K=OP=H=NA=O EAB=N=S=UBNKIPDA!=JQ>AĠ1*E GQOG=*7A? LANO?KIIĢ7" (1+,3&ÙEJLNAL 4EPDEJ!+2 "#/""0(6 =łNOPEJRAJ PKNUKBPDAIKOP?NEPE?=HOA?PEKJOKBLKSANHEJAOEJ(KL=ÜGENEP+=PQNA-=NG=J@PDA NK=PE=J-K@QJ=RHFA NACEKJS=O?KJ@Q?PA@

&J0AN>E= PDANA=NAJKOPQ@EAO@A=HEJCSEPDPDAPKLE?OKBAHA?PNK?QPEKJ=J@?KHHEOEKJOKB=NJEJRAOPE C=PEKJEJPKAHA?PNK?QPEKJD=OFQOP>ACQJEJPDA =J=P/ACEKJKBPDA!=JQ>AĠ*/QĜEÚ LANO?KII

&J QHC=NE= CNA=P ABBKNPO D=RA >AAJ I=@A PK EILNKRA >EN@ LNKPA?PEKJ KJ LKSAN HEJAO *KOP KB PDA IA=OQNAOSANA?=NNEA@KQPEJKLAJ=J@DEHHU N=LPKNNE?D=NA=OKBPDA?KQJPNUĠ/DK@KLAO=J@0KQPD"=OP Bulgaria), within the framework of the projects Save the Raptors LIFE+, LIFE for Safe Grid, Neophron )&#" 0=GAN #=H?KJ )&#" =J@ )&#" BKN QNC=O )=GAO 1DA H=OP LNKFA?P =HOK =EIO PK LNKPA?P I=JU S=PAN>EN@O=HKJCPDA3E=-KJPE?=ŃUS=U >QPJKPEJPDA!=JQ>A=NA=EPOAHB%KSARAN PDAKLAN=PEKJ=H PANNEPKNUKBPDAKJCKEJC)EBA EN@OKJ-KSAN)EJAOLNKFA?P=HOKEJ?HQ@AOL=NPOKBPDA!=JQ>ALH=EJEJ QHC=NE=&PSEHH?KRANPDA0-O AHAJA&OH=J@O KILHAT 0REODPKR AHAJAHKSH=J@ +EGKLKHOGKLH=PA=Q 7H=PE=U=P= =J@,NOKU=łODLKJ@OĠ0 DAODIA@FEAR!!K>NAR LANO?KII

13 &J/KI=JE= PDANAEOKJHU=OEJCHAO?EAJPEł?=NPE?HAPD=PATLNAOOHUNABANOPKPDA?KHHEOEKJKB>EN@OLA?EAOEJ PDA?QNNAJPLANEIAPANKBPDA!=JQ>A!AHP= EKOLDANA/AOANRAĠ(&00*/&+,3 &JPDAOPQ@U SDE?DS=OHEIEPA@PKKJHUPSKOQNRAU@=UOEJPDA?K=OP=H=NA=KBPDA!=JQ>A!AHP= =PKP=HKB?=@=R ANOSANABKQJ@KRANGEHKIAPNAO>EN@OLA?EAOPD=P?KHHE@A@SEPDPAHALDKJAHEJAOSANAE@AJPEłA@ 1DADECDAOPIKNP=HEPUS=ONA?KN@A@BKN4DEOGANA@1ANJĠChlidonias hybrida) with 24 dead individuals, BKHHKSA@=POKIA@EOP=J?A>U*=HH=N@ĠJ=OLH=PDUNDUJ?DKO =J@ KKPĠFulica atra) with four individuals each, and Caspian Gull (Larus cachinnans SEPDPDNAAEJ@ERE@Q=HO

3.6. Expert assessment and potential impacts &PEO?HA=NBNKISD=PD=O>AAJKQPHEJA@EJ?D=LPANPD=PEJRAOPEC=PEKJO=NAEJODKNPOQLLHU1DEOEO@QA PKPDADECDLANOKJJAHATLAJ@EPQNAKBOQ?DOPQ@EAO SDE?DEJPQNJAJP=EHODECDłJ=J?E=H?KOPO!QAPKPDA HEIEPA@@=P==R=EH=>HA SA=NAQJ=>HAPKI=GA=O?EAJPEł?=HHU=??ALP=>HAAOPEI=PAKBPDAJQI>ANKB>EN@O GEHHA@EJKQNEJRAOPEC=PEKJ=NA==O=NAOQHPKBAHA?PNK?QPEKJKN?KHHEOEKJ%KSARAN >=OA@KJ@=P=BNKIPDA 20 =J=@= $ANI=JU=J@0HKR=GE=Ġ),00AP=H /&,25AP=H 1+)2*4")1-)+2+$ Ģ*$¹HEO LANO?KII SAIQOPNA?GKJSEPDPDKQO=J@OKB>EN@OGEHHA@>UAHA?PNK?QPEKJ=J@PAJO KBPDKQO=J@O LNK>=>HUARAJDQJ@NA@OKBPDKQO=J@O KB>EN@OGEHHA@>U?KHHEOEKJ=HKJCPDA!=JQ>AARANU UA=N 1KC=EJ=JEILNAOOEKJKBPDAEILKNP=J?AKBPDEOLNK>HAI !+2 "#/""0(6?KJ@Q?PA@=JATLANP MQAOPEKJJ=ENAOQNRAUO=NAOQHP NALNAOAJP=PERAOBNKILNKPA?PA@=NA=OOP=PA@PD=P>KPDAHA?PNK?Q PEKJ=J@?KHHEOEKJKJKRANDA=@HEJAO=NANAHAR=JPKNRANUNAHAR=JPLNK>HAIOEJ>EN@LNKPA?PEKJ0LA?Eł?=H HU KBATLANPOOQNRAUA@OP=PA@PD=P?KHHEOEKJS=O=RANUNAHAR=JPIKNP=HEPUB=?PKNBKNPDALNKPA?PA@ =NA=O=HKJCPDA!=JQ>A SDEHAN=PA@EP=OEILKNP=JP"HA?PNK?QPEKJS=OOAAJ=O=RANUEILKNP=JP IKNP=HEPU B=?PKN >U KB NAOLKJ@AJPO =J@ =O EILKNP=JP >U SDEHA KJHU KB ATLANPO OQNRAUA@N=PA@EP=OEJOECJEł?=JP!AOLEPAPDA?HA=NEILKNP=J?A=PPNE>QPA@PKPDANEOGKBLKSANHEJAO KJHUKBPDAOQNRAUA@LNKPA?PA@=NA=NALNAOAJP=PERAOO=E@PDAUD=@=HNA=@UEILHAIAJPA@O=BAPU IA=OQNAOHOK OQ?DIA=OQNAONAH=PA@KJHUPKOEJCHALUHKJOKNHEJAO SDEHAKBPDAAHA?PNE?EPU JAPSKNG=NA?KJOE@ANA@?KILHAPAHUQJLNK?AOOA@&J=@@EPEKJ KNNAOLKJ@AJPOOP=PA@PDAUD=@ JARAND=@=JU?KJP=?PSEPD=PN=JOIEOOEKJOUOPAIJKLAN=PKN>ABKNA!+2 "#/""0(62HPEI=PAHU EJPANAOPEJ?KJ?NAPA>EN@LNKPA?PEKJLNKFA?POS=ODECDĠ PKRANUDECDĠ

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15 3ULRULWLVDWLRQRISURWHFWLRQPHDVXUHV

4.1 Need for prioritisation &PEO?HA=NPD=PO=BAPUIA=OQNAO=NAQNCAJPHUJAA@A@%KSARAN OEJ?AłJ=J?E=H=J@DQI=JNAOKQN?AO =NA HEIEPA@ PDA ?DKE?A KB EILHAIAJP=PEKJ HK?=PEKJ IQOP >A LNEKNEPEOA@ &P EO JKP BA=OE>HA PK S=EP BKN OPQ@EAO >A?=QOAPDAU=NAHAJCPDU=J@?KOPHU*APDK@KHKCE?=HHU EPEOJKPOEILHAPK=OOAOOIKNP=HEPU N=PAOKJLKSANHEJAO SDE?DEONAŃA?PA@EJPDADECDLANOKJJAH?KOPOKN?KOPOBKNKPDANLNK?A@QNAOĠAC ?=IAN=OUOPAIO &JPDAKJAUA=N$ANI=JOPQ@U>U'²!& ("AP=HĠ BKNAT=ILHA PA=IO?=NNEA@ KQPOA=N?DNQJOARANUPSK@=UO@QNEJCPDA>EN@IECN=PEKJLANEK@O =J@ARANUłRA@=UOKPDANSEOA1DQO IKNAPD=JEJOLA?PEKJOSANAJA?AOO=NU#QNPDANIKNA IAPDK@KHKCE?=HANNKNOSANA=PPAILPA@PK >AGALPPK=J=>OKHQPAIEJEIQI1KPDEOAJ@ OETATLANEIAJPOKJPDAOA=N?DN=PAĠļ%KSIQ?D@KK> OANRANOKRANHKKG =J@?=IAN=>=OA@ATLANEIAJPOKJPDA?HA=N=J?AN=PAĠļ%KSI=JU?=N?=OOAO =NANAIKRA@>UO?=RAJCANO SANA?=NNEA@KQP&J=@@EPEKJ >EN@OLA?EAO ŃECDP@ENA?PEKJO=J@ŃECDP >AD=REKQNSANANA?KN@A@?KILNADAJOERAHU OKPD=P=JAH=>KN=PA@=P=I=PNETEOJKS=R=EH=>HAPD=PEO ?KILHATPKEJPANLNAP #KNPDEONA=OKJ EJ?D=LPANO=J@ SALNAOAJPOEILHAIAPDK@OKBLNEKNEPEO=PEKJ OAL=N=PA@=? ?KN@EJCPK?KHHEOEKJ=J@AHA?PNK?QPEKJ1DAU?=J>A=LLHEA@=P=JUOL=PE=HHARAH=HKJCPDA!=JQ>A=J@ CQ=N=JPAAN=LE@=?PEKJ=C=EJOP=LNK>HAIPD=PD=OOKB=N>AAJDECDHUQJ@ANAOPEI=PA@

4.2 Collision 1DANA=NA=IEJEIQIKB GIKBATEOPEJCPN=JOIEOOEKJ=J@@EOPNE>QPEKJKRANDA=@AHA?PNE?HEJAOEJ PDA!=JQ>AOPQ@U=NA=Ġ GI &PEO=JPE?EL=PA@PD=PPN=JOIEOOEKJ=J@@EOPNE>QPEKJQLCN=@AOSEHH >ANAMQENA@EJPDA?KIEJCUA=NOPKBQHłHPDAAJANCU@AI=J@EJPDEOOPN=PACE?=NA=1DEOLNKFA?PA@CNKSPD EJPN=JOIEOOEKJ=J@@EOPNE>QPEKJHEJAOSKQH@EJAREP=>HUHA=@PKDECDAN>EN@?KHHEOEKJNEOGO&PEOEILKNP=JP PKJKPAPD=P?KHHEOEKJO?=JK??QNAMQ=HHUSEPDPN=JOIEOOEKJ=J@@EOPNE>QPEKJHEJAO =J@ARAJK??=OEKJ=HHU SEPDPAHALDKJAHEJAOĠ=HPDKQCDIQ?DHAOOBNAMQAJPHU =OPDAU=NAQOQ=HHUIKNAREOE>HA In order to prioritise the collision risk of birds with overhead electric lines along the Danube, we used $&0@=P==R=EH=>HABKNPDAOPQ@U=NA=/ERANO ?=J=HO SAPH=J@OĠH=GAO I=NODAO NAOANRKENO AP? =J@ ?K=OP=HS=PANOPD=PKRANH=UPDAOPQ@U=NA=SANAOAHA?PA@BNKIPDA KNEJA)=J@ KRANRA?PKN@=P=OAP ĠDPPLOġH=J@?KLANJE?QOAQHK?=HNEL=NE=JVKJAONEL=NE=JVKJAO@AHEJA=PEKJ 4EPDEJPDA+=PQN=JAP SKNG PDA0LA?E=H-NKPA?PA@NA=O?KILNEOAPDAIKOPR=HQ=>HA=NA=OBKN>EN@O=HKJCPDA!=JQ>A1DAOA areas are documented as being the most important breeding, migration, feeding and resting areas for birds (https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/data/natura-9 #KNPDAJKJ"2?KQJPNEAOĠAC 0AN>E= PD=P=NAJKPUAPL=NPKBPDA+=PQN=JAPSKNG PDA&ILKNP=JP EN@NA=JAPSKNGD=O>AAJ ?KJOE@ANA@PK>APDA>AOP=R=EH=>HA@=P=OKQN?AKJPDEOPKLE? -KSANHEJAOPD=POL=JS=PAN>K@EAOLHQO=IAPNAN=@EQO=J@KN=NAHK?=PA@EJ0-+=PQN= OEPAONALNAOAJPPDADECDAOPLNEKNEPUBKNPDAEILHAIAJP=PEKJKBPDALNKPA?PEKJIA=OQNAO=C=EJOP?KHHEOEKJ Ġ#"//"/ =OA@KJPDAHEPAN=PQNA=J@LN=?PE?=HłAH@ATLANEAJ?ASA?H=OOEłA@BKQNNEOG?H=OOAO SEPDNAC=N@PK?KHHEOEKJġ

1. Waterbodies in Natura 2000 - SPAs:,RANDA=@AHA?PNE?HEJAO?NKOOEJCS=PAN>K@EAO=J@KN=@F= ?AJP=NA=OĠIAPNAN=@EQO EJ0-O3ANUDECDLKPAJPE=HNEOGKB?KHHEOEKJBKNDECD IA@EQI=J@ HKSRKHP=CALKSANHEJAOEJPDA=NA= 2. NATURA 2000 - SPAs further than 100 m from waterbodies: Overhead electric lines in SPAs, >QPJKP?NKOOEJCS=PAN>K@EAOKN=@F=?AJP=NA=OĠIAPNAN=@EQO %ECDLKPAJPE=HNEOGKB?KHHEOEKJ BKN DECD =J@ IA@EQIRKHP=CA LKSAN HEJAO EJ PDA =NA= #KN HKSRKHP=CA HEJAO PDA NEOG EO OEPQ= PEKJ@ALAJ@AJP 3. Waterbodies outside of SPAs:,RANDA=@AHA?PNE?HEJAO?NKOOEJCS=PAN>K@EAO=J@KN=@F=?AJP =NA=OĠIAPNAN=@EQO KQPOE@AKB0-O%ECDLKPAJPE=HNEOGKB?KHHEOEKJBKNDECD IA@EQI=J@ HKSRKHP=CALKSANHEJAOEJPDA=NA=

16 4. Outside NATURA 2000 - SPAs: Overhead electric lines outside of SPAs and not crossing water >K@EAOKN=@F=?AJP=NA=OĠIAPNAN=@EQO #KNDECD=J@IA@EQIRKHP=CALKSANHEJAO PDANEOGEO OEPQ=PEKJ@ALAJ@AJP SDEHA=HKSNEOGEO?KJOE@ANA@BKNHKSRKHP=CAHEJAO

Risk of collision Prioritisation of conservation measures High-voltage Medium-voltage Low-voltage power lines power lines power lines

Waterbodies Very High Very High Very High in SPAs

SPAs further Situation- than 100 m High High dependent Worthiness from waterbodies of Protection Waterbodies High High High outside of SPAs

Situation- Situation- Outside SPAs Low dependent dependent

Fig. 5: Matrix for the prioritisation of conservation measures against collision on overhead lines. On the one hand, a distinction must be made between NATURA 2000 sites and Non-NAT- URA 2000 sites (Worthiness of Protection), and on the other hand the risk of collision is taken into consideration.

Interpretation guide for the matrix:

Very High Risk: An immediate need for action exists!

High Risk: An immediate need for action exists! Only “very high” risk power lines have to be secured with even greater priority.

Situation-dependent: The security measures must be implemented in the medium term. They are to be weighed up according to local distributions and concentrations of birds, resources for implementation etc.

Low Risk: The security measures must be implemented in the long term

17 ??KN@EJCPKPDALNEKNEPEO=PEKJ?NEPANE= PDAļJAA@BKN=?PEKJ mined (maps: A. Dorosencu). 4,520 km of power lines pose a situation-dependent risk (37%). For 44% of power lines (5,263 km) a low risk bird collision w Fig. 6: According to these criteria for prioritisation, there are 2,347 km of power lines in the categories “very high risk” an I=LEOLNAOAJPA@BKNA=?DL=NPJAN?KQJPNU=HKJCPDA!=JQ>A?KQ NOAĠ#EC d “high risk” (19%). as pre-deter-

18 Fig. 7: Need for action map for Germany

Fig. 8: Need for action map for Austria

19 Fig. 9: Need for action map for Slovakia

Fig. 10: Need for action map for Hungary

20 Fig. 11: Need for action map for Croatia

Fig. 12: Need for action map for Serbia

21 Fig. 13: Need for action map for Bulgaria

Fig. 14: Need for action map for Romania

22 4.3. Electrocution For the prioritisation of the protection measures against electrocution on overhead lines three aspects SANAP=GAJEJPK?KJOE@AN=PEKJġ#ENOP L=NPE?QH=NHUR=HQ=>HA>EN@O=J?PQ=NEAOSEPD=DECDJQI>ANKBN=NA OLA?EAO ODKQH@>ACERAJLNABANAJ?A0A?KJ@ OLA?E=H=PPAJPEKJODKQH@>ACERAJPKDECDNEOGD=>EP=PO J@PDEN@ L=NPE?QH=NHUNEOGULKSANHEJAOODKQH@>A@ABQOA@łNOP#=?A@SEPDHEIEPA@łJ=J?E=H=J@DQI=J NAOKQN?AO PDEO=LLNK=?DEOOQLLKOA@PKI=TEIEOAPDALKOEPERAEIL=?PKJ>EN@?KJOANR=PEKJ@@EPEKJ =HHU DECDRKHP=CAHEJAOKBG3KNIKNA=NA?H=OOEłA@=OD=NIHAOOEJPANIOKBAHA?PNK?QPEKJ&JPDAOA ?KJOPNQ?PEKJO PDAEJOQH=PKNOA?PEKJO=NAOKHKJCPD=P>EN@O?=JD=N@HUKRAN?KIAPDAI#KNPDEONA=OKJ JKIA=OQNAOJAA@PK>AQJ@ANP=GAJ=C=EJOPAHA?PNK?QPEKJEJOQ?DLKSANHEJAO KJHU=C=EJOP?KHHEOEKJ 4EPD NAC=N@ PK PDA =NA=O SKNPDU KB LNKPA?PEKJ SA D=RA @EOPEJCQEODA@ >APSAAJ +=PQN= =J@ JKJ+=PQN= 1DEO I=GAO OAJOA >A?=QOA PDA IKOP EILKNP=JP >EN@ =NA=O =HKJC PDA !=JQ>A =NA EJPACN=PA@EJPDA+=PQN=JAPSKNG+=PEKJ=HL=NGO J=PQNAL=NGO >EKOLDANANAOANRAO=J@J=PQNA NAOANRAO=NA=HHL=NPKBPDA+=PQN=LNKPA?PA@=NA=JAPSKNG=J@?KNNAOLKJ@EJCHU=HOK?KJOPEPQPAPDA IKOPEILKNP=JP>EN@IECN=PEKJ NAOPEJC=J@>NAA@EJC=NA=O&J0AN>E= =O=JKJ"2?KQJPNU PDAJAPSKNG KB&ILKNP=JP EN@NA=OEOP=GAJEJPK?KJOE@AN=PEKJ As far as habitats are concerned, numerous studies show that the risk of electrocution is greater in KLAJ?KQJPNUOE@APD=JEJBKNAOPOĠAC!"*"/!7%&"3 1DEOEOJKPOQNLNEOEJC>A?=QOAEJKLAJ ?KQJPNUOE@AAHA?PNE?EPULUHKJO=NAKBPAJPDAKJHULAN?DAO=R=EH=>HA1DEOB=?PD=O>AAJP=GAJEJPK=? ?KQJPEJKQNLNEKNEPUI=PNET SEPDSKK@H=J@PDANABKNA>AEJCLH=?A@EJ=HKSANNEOG?=PACKNU OB=N=OAOPEI=PEJCIKNP=HEPUNEOGEO?KJ?ANJA@ SABK?QOA@I=EJHUKJPDAR=HQ=>HA=J@HKJCOP=J@EJC ATLANEAJ?AEJ0HKR=GE=Ġļ-NKFA?P)&#""JANCU =J@PDA=OOAOOIAJPOKB=L=JAHKBATLANPO,JPDEO>= OEO SA?H=OOEłA@AHA?PNK?QPEKJNEOGEJPKPDNAA?H=OOAO&HHQOPN=PERAAT=ILHAO?=J>ABKQJ@EJLLAJ@ET

High risk:4A?H=OOEBUIAP=H?NKOO=NILUHKJO EJL=NPE?QH=N =J@CAJAN=HHU=HH?KILHAT?KJOPNQ?PEKJO =J@LUHKJOSEPD?KI>EJ=PEKJOKBATLKOA@FQILANSENAHK?=PEKJO IKOPHUSDAJ=>KRAPDA?KJOKHA =O DECDNEOG Medium risk:4A?H=OOEBU=HHGEJ@OKB@EOPNE>QPEKJLKSANHEJA?KJOKHAOSEPD=RANPE?=HLKOEPEKJKBPDA OQLLKNPEJOQH=PKNO @EOPNE>QPEKJPN=JOBKNIANO=J@DKNEVKJP=HOSEP?D@EO?KJJA?PKNO=OIA@EQINEOG Low risk:4A?H=OOEBU=HHGEJ@OKB@EOPNE>QPEKJLKSANHEJA?KJOKHAOSEPD=DKNEVKJP=HKND=JCEJCLKOEPEKJ of the support insulators, special constructions with console shapes that prevent birds from perching KJPDA?KJOPNQ?PEKJ KN?KJłCQN=PEKJOKBOQLLKNPEJOQH=PKNO=J@ATLKOA@FQILANSENAOPD=P=HHKS>EN@ EJ@ERE@Q=HOPKLAN?DO=BAHU=OHKSNEOG

Risk of electrocution Prioritisation of conservation measures High Medium Low

Open countryside Very High Very High High in SPAs

Situation- Situation- Woodland in SPAs High Worthiness dependent dependent of protection Open countryside Situation- High High outside of SPAs dependent

Woodland outside Situation- Situation- Low of SPAs dependent dependent

Fig. 15: Matrix for the prioritisation of conservation measures against electrocution on overhead lines.

23 Interpretation guide for the matrix:

Very High Risk: An immediate need for action exists!

High Risk: An immediate need for action exists! Only “very high” risk power lines have to be secured with even greater priority.

Low Risk: The security measures must be implemented in the long term

Fig. 16: Installations of bird diverters reduce the risk of collision by up to 79% - 91%. Pi- lot actions within DANUBE FREE SKY found positive response in media and public. (photo: G. Frank/DANUBEPARKS)

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27 Fig. 17: A wide range of bird diverters are available on the market to reduce bird collision with overhead power lines. Afterglow effects make them visible even during the night. © Clydes- dale Ltd and Lucia Deutschová Raptor

All bird diverters presented provide a visual stimulus that helps birds to avoid collisions with power HEJAO$QE@AHEJAOBKNPDAEJOP=HH=PEKJKB>EN@@ERANPANO=NA=R=EH=>HAĠAC3!"#++ 1DAENI=TEIQI ABBA?PEO=?DEARA@EBPDAU=NAEJOP=HHA@ARANUIAPNAO

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28 Fig. 18: Recommended placement method (10-metre intervals on alternating wires) for high effectiveness in reducing risk of bird collision with overhead electric lines.

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29 5.2.4. Habitat modifications to minimise risk of collision %=>EP=PIK@Eł?=PEKJEO=JAJRENKJIAJP=HI=J=CAIAJPEJEPE=PERAPD=P?KQH@>AQOA@EJ?ANP=EJ?EN?QI OP=J?AOPKNA@Q?A?KHHEOEKJNEOGO1DANA=NAPSKH=J@IK@Eł?=PEKJKLPEKJOPD=P?=J>A?KJOE@ANA@ġ

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%KSARAN D=>EP=PIK@Eł?=PEKJI=UJKP=HS=UO>ABA=OE>HA1DANA?KQH@>AHAC=H A?KJKIE?KN?KJOAN R=PEKJ=NCQIAJPO=C=EJOPOQ?DIK@Eł?=PEKJ#KNAT=ILHA EPI=UJKP>A@AOEN=>HAPKIK@EBUD=>EP=PEJ =NA=OSEPDN=NA OAJOEPERAKNOECJEł?=JPJ=PERAD=>EP=PO

5.3. Technical solutions against electrocution L=NPBNKIPDALKOOE>EHEPUKB=>OP=EJEJC?KILHAPAHUBNKI?KJOPNQ?PEJC=LKSANHEJA =O=HNA=@U@EO?QOOA@ EJ PDABKHHKSEJCIA=OQNAO?=J>AP=GAJPKLNKPA?P>EN@O=C=EJOPAHA?PNK?QPEKJ1DAOAIA=OQNAO =NAHEOPA@EJOAMQAJ?A=??KN@EJCPKPDAENJ=PQNA?KJOANR=PEKJR=HQA EAIA=OQNAOIAJPEKJA@łNOP=NA PK>ACERAJLNEKNEPUSDAJARANLKOOE>HA

5.3.1. Underground cabling 2J@ANCNKQJ@?=>HEJCEOPDAQHPEI=PAIAPDK@KB?DKE?A =OEP?KILHAPAHU=J@LANI=JAJPHUAT?HQ@AO>KPD AHA?PNK?QPEKJ=J@?KHHEOEKJ%KSARAN PDEOLNKPA?PERAIA=OQNAEOATLAJOERA=J@@EBł?QHPPKEILHAIAJPEJ NK?GUPANN=EJ1DAAOPEI=PA@?KOPEO=>KQPPDKQO=J@"QNKLANGEHKIAPNABKN=G3LKSANHEJAĠ* $¹HEO LANO?KII +ARANPDAHAOO EJPDAEJPANAOPKB=LANI=JAJPOKHQPEKJ QJ@ANCNKQJ@?=>HEJCODKQH@ =HS=UO>A?KJOE@ANA@=J@EILHAIAJPA@=O=I=PPANKBLNEKNEPU

5.3.2. Primary surface solutions 4AQJ@ANOP=J@PDAOAOKHQPEKJOPK>APDKOAPD=PLNKRE@AHKJCPANI=J@=HIKOPLAN?AJPLNKPA?PEKJ &JLN=?PE?A EPD=O>AAJODKSJPD=PPDAOALNKPA?PERAłPPEJCO@KJKPEJ?NA=OAPDAI=EJPAJ=J?ASKNG NAMQENA@>UPDAOUOPAIKLAN=PKN0Q?DOKHQPEKJO?=JAEPDAN>AĠ =PP=?DA@PKPDALKSAN?=>HAEPOAHBKN Ġ PKPDALKHA?KJOPNQ?PEKJ &JPDAł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Ġ3!"#++ BNKISDE?DSAMQKPAPDABKHHKSEJCIEJEIQI@EIAJOEKJO=J@NA?KIIAJ@=PEKJOġ 4DAJARANLKOOE>HA LUHKJ?KJOPNQ?PEKJOSEPDOQOLAJOEKJĠD=JCEJC EJOQH=PKNO=NAPK>A?=NNEA@KQP&J KN@ANPK=RKE@Ġ= ?KJ@Q?PKNA=NPD?KJP=?PO LAN?DAOBKN>EN@OKJA=NPDA@L=NPOIQOP>A=PHA=OPI =S=UBNKI=?PERAL=NPOPD=P=NAJKPLNKPA?PA@=C=EJOP@ENA?P?KJP=?P1DEOIEJEIQI@EOP=J?A=HOK=L LHEAOPKLAN?DAOKJ=?PERAL=NPONAC=N@EJCA=NPDA@L=NPO&JPDA?=OAKBA=NPDA@LAN?DAOBKN>EN@O>AHKS =?PERAL=NPOJKPLNKPA?PA@=C=EJOP@ENA?P?KJP=?P =J=@@EPEKJ=HRANPE?=H@EOP=J?AKBIIQOP>AI=EJ P=EJA@ĠEAIEJPKP=H &JKN@ANPK=RKE@Ġ> ?KJ@Q?PKN?KJ@Q?PKN?KJP=?PO PDADKNEVKJP=H@EOP=J?A IQOP>AJKPHAOOPD=JIBKN>EN@LAN?DAO>APSAAJPDA?KJ@Q?PKNOĠKJKRANDA=@HEJAO>APSAAJ L=NPOJKPLNKPA?PA@=C=EJOP@ENA?P?KJP=?P

30 5.3.3. Secondary surface solutions 0A?KJ@=NUOKHQPEKJO@EBBANBNKILNEI=NUOKHQPEKJOEJPD=PPDAUNAMQENAEJ?NA=OA@I=EJPAJ=J?A=J@=NA JKPLAN?AJPO=BA =PHA=OPKRANPEIA#KNAT=ILHA ATPNAIASA=PDAN?KJ@EPEKJOKNI=PANE=HB=PECQA ?=JI=GAPDAR=HRAOEJRKHRA@QJQO=>HA=J@=OOAI>HUANNKNO?=JJARAN>A?KILHAPAHUNQHA@KQP%KS ARAN LNKPA?PERAIA=OQNAOOQ?D=O>EN@LNKPA?PEKJDKK@O=NA=CKK@IA=JOKBI=GEJCLUHKJOO=BA>U NAPNKłPPEJC &JLNEJ?ELHA PDAO=IAO=BAPU@EOP=J?AOIQOP>AK>OANRA@=OSEPDLNEI=NUIA=OQNAOĠ?B 1DEO means that there must be no potential perch below the bird protection cover in a vertical distance of I %KSARAN >EN@LNKPA?PEKJDKK@OKB=PHA=OPIEJHAJCPD=NANAMQENA@Ġ=OIPQNJA@KQPPK>APKK ODKNPEJOKIA?=OAOĢ4 ÌDIAN + 2 LANO?KII =J@PDAUIQOP>A=PP=?DA@PKPDAOQLLKNPEJ OQH=PKNOKJIA@EQIRKHP=CAHEJAO #EJ=HHU ?KILHAPAJAOOKBPDAOA?QNEPUIA=OQNAOIQOP=HOK>AAJOQNA@#KNAT=ILHA EPEOJKPAJKQCDPK EJOP=HH>EN@LNKPA?PEKJDKK@OKJHUKJ=LKSANHEJA=??KIL=JUEJC=N=EHS=ULKSANHEJA1DAQLLAN?=JPE HARANPQ>AIQOP=HOK>AOA?QNA@=C=EJOPAHA?PNK?QPEKJKB>EN@OĠEBPDEOEOJKP=HNA=@UCQ=N=JPAA@>UEPO ?KJOPNQ?PEKJ ACSEPD=HKJCNK@EJOQH=PKN It is not possible to list all the options in this position paper, but it should be kept in mind that such IA=OQNAO ?=J >A DECDHU ?KILHAT EN@ LNKPA?PEKJ DKK@O DKOAO ?UHEJ@ANO HKJC NK@ EJOQH=PKNO NEJC CNE@O AP?=NAQOA@BKNPDEOLQNLKOAĠKJAATPNAIAAT=ILHAEOPDAOA?QNEJCKB=?KILHATPN=JOBKNIAN 1DAOAIQOP>ALH=JJA@BKNA=?DEJ@ERE@Q=H?=OA=J@NAREASA@>U=JATLANP

5.3.4. Missing or unsuitable solutions &JLNEJ?ELHASA=OOQIAPD=P EJ=IK@ANJOK?EAPU PDAJACHECAJPGEHHEJCKB>EN@O=J@KPDAN=JEI=HOLA?EAO PDNKQCDDQI=JEJBN=OPNQ?PQNAEOJKHKJCAN=??ALP=>HA#KNPDEONA=OKJ PDANA=NA=HNA=@UHAC=HBN=IA SKNGO KN RKHQJP=NU =CNAAIAJPO >APSAAJ KLAN=PKNO =J@ J=PQNA ?KJOANR=PEKJ KNC=JEO=PEKJO EJ I=JU ?KQJPNEAO,JHU=>OKHQPAHUO=BAOKHQPEKJOODKQH@>A?DKOAJEJJAS?KJOPNQ?PEKJO =J@NAPNKłPPEJCIQOP >A?=NNEA@KQP=PHA=OP=PļDKPOLKPOSEPDEJ=NA=OKJ=>HA=J@BA=OE>HALANEK@KBPEIAĠģUA=NO %KSARAN OKIAPEIAOSAHHEJPAJ@A@IA=OQNAO?=JLNKRAPK>AEJABBA?PERAKNARAJ?KQJPANLNK@Q?PERA Ġļ>=@AJCEJAANEJC 4A?=JJKP@A=HSEPD=HHARAJPQ=HEPEAODANA >QPSKQH@HEGAPKEHHQOPN=PAPDEOPKLE? SEPDPSKBNAMQAJPHUK??QNNEJCAT=ILHAO "T=ILHA?KJ?ANJOPDAJEI=H$Q=N@ =@AŃA?PKN>=OA@KJ=JAHA?PNKOP=PE?OUOPAI1DAIK@AKBKL AN=PEKJ =HECDPAHA?PNE?ODK?G EOJKPQJ?KJPNKRANOE=H4DEHAOKIA=QPDKNO@KJKPATLA?P=JUJAC=PERA ?KJOAMQAJ?AOBKNPDA>EN@O>K@U@QAPKPDA=LLHE?=PEKJKBPDAJEI=H$Q=N@BKN=JEI=HLDUOEKHKCE?=H NA=OKJOĠ&3&0 + 2$ANI=JUD=OJKP>AAJ=>HAPKNQHAKQPOA?KJ@=NUABBA?POKJPDAJANRKQO OUOPAIKB>EN@EJ@ERE@Q=HO&JKN@ANPK?H=NEBUPDEOPA?DJE?=H@EOLQPA =JATLANEIAJPSEHH>A?=NNEA@KQPEJ Ġ4 ÌDIAN LANO?KII 4A?=JJKPNA?KIIAJ@=LKPAJPE=HHU@=JCANKQO@AŃA?PKNQJPEHPDEO łJ=H?H=NEł?=PEKJD=O>AAJI=@A "T=ILHA?KJ?ANJOPA?DJE?=HHULNKRE@A@LAN?DAO/ALA=PA@HU OQLLKOA@HUIKNA=PPN=?PERA>EN@LAN?D AO=NA=PP=?DA@>UPDAKLAN=PKNOKJLUHKJDA=@O SDE?D=NAAEPDANJKP=??ALPA@>UPDA>EN@O=P=HH KN ?KJPEJQAPK>A=N=RANUDECDNAOE@Q=HNEOGKBAHA?PNK?QPEKJ%00 %¶/"+ "/$Ġ CERAJQIAN KQOAT=ILHAOSDANA?KJOPNQ?PEKJOKBPDEOPULA@E@JKP=?DEARAPDA@AOENA@ABBA?P&PODKQH@>AOP=PA@ ?HA=NHUDANAPD=POKHQPEKJOOQ?D=OPDAOA?=JKJHU>AQOA@EJ=JAIANCAJ?UOEPQ=PEKJKNEJ=@@EPEKJPK KPDANO =J@PD=PPDAU?=JJKPNALH=?AO=BAEJOQH=PEKJKN ARAJ>APPAN =LANI=JAJPHUO=BA?KJRANOEKJ &J?E@AJP=HHU PDAO=IAPDEJC?=J=HOKD=LLAJEJPDAKLLKOEPA?=OA EB=J=PPAILPEOI=@APKLNARAJP H=J@EJC>UOK?=HHA@OLEGA@AŃA?PKNO1DAH=PPAN=NAKBPAJECJKNA@>U>EN@O=J@AHA?PNK?QPEKJOPEHHK??QNO ĠOAAłCEJ ²%*"/%0

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35 (&00' */&+,3*Ġ ġ3=CAHQJB=HHA=J1AHABKJHAEPQJCAJ3KCAH@AN%AEI=PRKHJK LL (A=N 'ĠĢA@ ġ!Q?GO $AAOA=J@0S=JO,TBKN@2JERANOEPU-NAOO ,TBKN@ (2/17 " 0%,"*("/ 1* Ġ ġ 1DA )EJAI=JO =J@ =>HAI=JO D=J@>KKG PD "@EPEKJ *?$N=S%EHH &J? ),000/ 4&))1*//--Ġ ġ/AłJEJCAOPEI=PAOKB>EN@?KHHEOEKJ=J@AHA?PNK?QPEKJIKN P=HEPU=PLKSANHEJAOEJPDA2JEPA@0P=PAOhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0101565 */&+,3* -,$+1 !,/,ć"+ 2 +& %"/02& )"5"3 1/&#+,3 ,7$&"3& &/ 1,ĉ&Ù(' (&00Ġ= ġ*KJEPKNEJCPDA$NA=P4DEPA-AHE?=JĠ-AHA?=JQOKJK?N=PKHQO)EJJ=AQO >NAA@EJCLKLQH=PEKJQOEJC@NKJAOEJPDA!=JQ>A!AHP=Ġ/KI=JE= 0?EAJPEł?JJ=HOKBPDA !=JQ>A!AHP=&JOPEPQPAġ */&+,3* !,/,ć"+ 2 )"5"3 ++2 ' (&00Ġ> ġ+ASJAOPEJCOEPABKN!=H I=PE=J-AHE?=JĠ-AHA?=JQO?NEOLQO EJ=LKHUOLA?Eł??KHKJUKB=MQ=PE?>EN@OKJ1=Ĉ=QH)=GAĠ/KI=JE= 0?EAJPEł?JJ=HOKBPDA!=JQ>A!AHP=&JOPEPQPAġ *&(20('1*&(20(Ġ ġ EN@OKBPDA!=JQ>AR=HHAUEJ NK=PE=J=HE7=RK@=V=VJ=JOPRAJE N=@Q,OEFAGQ %72ġ *6"/0+ *&11"/*"&"// *&11"/*"&"/ $ !#,+0" $ '("+1Ġ ġ EK @ERANOEPUDKPOLKPOBKN?KJOANR=PEKJLNEKNEPEAO+=PQNAġ +"*"0%7&" (²3¦/0 7 %,0#" %,/31%7 1&%+6&$ *¯/, 7 *&(20(1 %*& )&1"/(& -,++&(00 *&7"/1(07 ¯Ġ ġ+=PQN=H=J@=JPDNKLKCAJE?EJŃQ AJ?AOKJPDALKLQH=PEKJOPNQ?PQNAKBSDEPAP=EHA@A=CHAOEJPDA =NL=PDE=J =OEJ=J@?AJPN=H"QNKLA' RE=J EKHġ +"41,+&Ġ ġ1DAIECN=PEKJA?KHKCUKB>EN@O?=@AIE?-NAOO )KJ@KJ LL -ÀNAV$=N?Ä='* !A3=QHP1 KPAHH=#0¹J?DAV7=L=P='Ġ ġ2OEJCNEOGLNA@E?PEKJIK@AHO =J@OLA?EAOOAJOEPEREPUI=LOBKNH=NCAO?=HAE@AJPEł?=PEKJKBEJBN=OPNQ?PQNANAH=PA@SEH@HEBALNKPA?PA@ =NA=Oġ1DA?=OAKB>EN@AHA?PNK?QPEKJ EKHKCE?=H KJOANR=PEKJ -/&+0"+%* ,"/"$ -ª/"0+''0*))&"''Ġ ġ/AREASKBPDA?KJŃE?P>A PSAAJIECN=PKNU>EN@O=J@AHA?PNE?EPULKSANCNE@OEJPDABNE?=J"QN=OE=JNACEKJ *0"41A?D JE?=H0ANEAO KJJ LL -/, 01/ ,!"$) +! 2!0 ,%2ĉ* %"0%*"!7%&"30 $ ,/&( $"&00)"/ 0 %,!,/ 3 &,+"0 2!1 (,"33 *&(20(1 +$67 -//$1 /,ě 3 0 %*&!1 * 0 %+"&!"/1 ĉÙ& +* 11&0 1,!,/,3" 12 (,3* 3 7&*$#/+(Ġ ġ 1DAłNOP?KILNADAJOERAAOPEI=PAKBSEJPANLKLQH=PEKJKBPDA4DEPAP=EHA@"=CHA%=HE=AAPQO=H>E?EHH= =HKJCPDA!=JQ>A?NK?ALD=HQOġ /EKQT 0 '-)0=R=N@ =J@$ANE?GĠ ġRE=JIKNP=HEPEAO@QAPKPN=JOIEOOEKJHEJA?KHHEOEKJOġ =NAREASKB?QNNAJPAOPEI=PAO=J@łAH@IAPDK@OSEPD=JAILD=OEOKJ=LLHE?=PEKJOPKPDA =J=@E=J AHA?PNE?JAPSKNGRE=J KJOANR=PEKJ=J@"?KHKCUĠ ġ 0+!,/ ! *Õ/ 2ċ+ ! & !*& , $ $%"/*+ * !2*&1/ %" * , ! *&%) Ġ ġ!KPDAPE?GOKB>EN@O=JEILKNP=JPIECN=PEKJDKPOLKPNAŃA?PPDAOA=OKJ=H@UJ=IE?O KB&TK@QONE?EJQO=PPDAIECN=PEKJEJEPE=PEKJOEPA?=OAOPQ@UEJPDA!=JQ>A!AHP=-)K0,+"Ġ ġ Ahttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089378. 0 ,11 /" )'/, "/0 =J@ ' ! 2/6 EN@@A=PDOBNKILKSANHEJAO=P!QJCAJAOO NEPEOD EN@Oġ 0"/$&,# */ %"0&) -"!/&+&- #"//"/*3-"+1"/&+&Ġ ġ"HA?PNK?QPEKJ=HPANOPDA @EOPNE>QPEKJ=J@@AJOEPUKB=PKLLNA@=PKN PDAA=CHAKSH Q>K>Q>K'LLHEA@"?KHġ 0,2)¦*"Ġ ġ KJOANR=PEKJġP=?PE?OBKN=?KJOP=JP?NEOEO0?EAJ?Aġ 01+Û&(0',3+,3&ÛĠĢA@O ġ%U@NKHKCUKBPDANERAN!=JQ>A-Q>HEODEJC%KQOA-NEPK@= N=PEOH=R= LL 0¶! " (- +!/"17("% #&0 %"/0 $"!",+( 0 %&(,/"1 0 %/²!"/( 02! #")!1Ġ ġ*APDK@AJOP=J@=N@OVQN"NB=OOQJC@AN NQPRÌCAH!AQPO?DH=J@O/=@KHBVAHH 0 1+)2*4")1-)+2+$Ġ ġ3KCAH(KHHEOEKJOKLBAN=J%K?DQJ@%Ì?DOPOL=JJQJCOBNAEHAEPQJCAJEJ

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37 'DQXEHZLGHLQYHQWRU\RISRZHUOLQHV $QQH[ DORQJWKH'DQXEHULYHU

Map 1 (Germany): Donaueschingen – Sigmaringen

38 Map 2 (Germany): Sigmaringen - Ehingen

Map 3 (Germany): Ulm

39 Map 4 (Germany): Leipheim – Tapfheim

Map 5 (Germany): Donauwörth – Neuburg – Ingolstadt

40 Map 6 (Germany): Ingolstadt – Saal an der Donau

Map 7 (Germany): Saal an der Donau - Regensburg – Straubing

41 Map 8 (Germany): Straubing - Vilshofen

Map 9 (Germany): Vilshofen - Passau

42 Map 10 (Germany/Austria): Passau – Linz - Mauthausen

Map 11 (Austria): Mauthausen – Pöchlarn

43 Map 12 (Austria): Pöchlarn – Krems

Map 13 (Austria): Krems – Klosterneuburg

44 Map 14 (Austria): Klosterneuburg – Wien – Orth an der Donau

Map 15 (Austria/Slovakia/Hungary): Orth an der Donau – Samorin – Dunakiliti

45 Map 16 (Slovakia/Hungary): Dunakiliti – Zlatná na Ostrove

Map 17 (Slovakia/Hungary): Zlatná na Ostrove – Tát

46 Map 18 (Slovakia/Hungary): Mužla – Budapest

Map 19 (Hungary): Budapest – Ercsi

47 Map 20 (Hungary): Ercsi - Dunaújváros

Map 21 (Hungary): Budapest – Paks

48 Map 22 (Hungary): Paks – Szekszárd

Map 23 (Hungary): Paks – Mohács

49 Map 24 (Hungary/Croatia/Serbia): Mohács – Apatin

Map 25 (Croatia/Serbia): Apatin – Dalj

50 Map 26 (Croatia/Serbia): Dalj – Vukovar - Celarevo

Map 27 (Serbia): Celarevo – Novi Sad

51 Map 28 (Serbia): Karlovci – Panèevo

Map 29 (Serbia): Panèevo – Belgrad – Smederevo

52 Map 30 (Serbia/Romania): Smederevo – Golubac

Map 31 (Serbia/Romania): Golubac – Donji Milanovac

53 Map 32 (Serbia/Romania): Donji Milanovac – Dobreta-Turnu Severin

Map 33 (Serbia/Romania/Bulgaria): Dobreta-Turnu Severin - Vinarovo

54 Map 34 (Bulgaria/Romani): Vinarovo - Lom

Map 35 (Bulgaria/Romania): Lom - Kozloduy

55 Map 36 (Bulgaria/Romania): Kozloduy - Ostrov

Map 37 (Bulgaria/Romania): Ostrov – Turnu Magurele

56 Map 38 (Bulgaria/Romania): Turnu Magurele – Svistov

Map 39 (Bulgaria/Romania): Ruse – Giurgiu – Gostinu

57 Map 40 (Bulgaria/Romania): Nova Cherna – Tutrakan – Popina

Map 41 (Bulgaria/Romania): Popina – Oltina

58 Map 42 (Romania): Oltina – Cernavoda

Map 43 (Romania): Cernavoda – Hârºova

59 Map 44 (Romania): Hârºova - Gropeni

Map 45 (Romania): Gropeni – Braila – Isaccea

60 Map 46 (Romania/Molodva/Ukraine): Galati – Isaccea

Map 47 (Romania/Ukraine): Tulcea – Sulina

61 Map 48 (Romania): Danube Delta southern part

62 (OHFWULFLW\S\ORQVDQGWKHLUULVNIRUELUGVUHODWHGWR $QQH[ HOHFWURFXWLRQ

Fig. 1: High Risk: Metal cross-arm pylon with a combination of support insulators and exposed jumper wire locations. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

63 Fig. 2: High risk: Corner pylon with a combination of support insulators and exposed jumper wire locations. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

64 Fig. 3: High risk: Electric pole with one exposed jumper wire above the console. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

65 Fig. 4: High risk: Electric pole with three exposed jumper wires above the console. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

66 Fig. 5: Medium risk: Electric pole with a vertical position of support insulators on console. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

67 Fig. 6: Medium risk: Electric pole with a pair of support insulators in vertical position on console. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

68 Fig. 7: Medium risk: Electric pole transformer with a combination of exposed jumper wires locations. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

69 Fig. 8: Medium risk: Power line switch disconnector. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

70 Fig. 9: Medium risk: Electric pole with hanging exposed jumper wires below the console. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

71 Fig. 10: Low risk: Electric pole with 45° angle of the arms. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

72 Fig. 11: Low risk: Double circuit electric pole with hanging insulators. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

73 Fig. 12: Low risk: Electric pole with hanging insulators. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

74 Fig. 13: Low risk: Double circuit electric pole with 45° angle of the arms. © Raptor Protection of Slovakia

75 /LVWRI6SHFLDO3URWHFWHG$UHDVIRU%LUGV $QQH[ 1DWXUD63$ DQG,PSRUWDQW%LUG$UHDV ,%$VLQWKHFDVHRI6HUELD ORFDWHGLQWKHSURMHFWDUHD

1.1 List of SPAs and their surface in the study area

% of SPA SPA SPA surface surface Country No. Site code Site name surface within study within name (ha) area (ha) study area (%)

1 Austria AT1202V00 March-Thaya-Auen 14832.76 700 5

2 Austria AT1204V00 Donau-Auen östlich von Wien 9100.06 9100 100

3 Austria AT1205000 Wachau - Jauerling 21110.56 16359 77

4 Austria AT1207000 Kamp- und Kremstal 24282.67 1800 7

5 Austria AT1211000 Wienerwald - Thermenregion 79812.84 2001 3

Sandboden und Praterter- 6 Austria AT1213V00 16019.79 1113 7 rasse

7 Austria AT1216V00 Tullnerfelder Donau-Auen 17763.56 17723 100

8 Austria AT1218V00 Machland Süd 1226.97 1227 100

9 Austria AT1219V00 Pielachtal 1025.57 303 30

Nationalpark Donau-Auen 10 Austria AT1301000 2258 2201 97 (Wiener Teil)

11 Austria AT1304000 Bisamberg (Wiener Teil) 340 167 49

12 Austria AT3112000 Oberes Donautal 924 925 100

13 Austria AT3114000 Traun-Donau-Auen 664 610 92

14 Bulgaria BG0000237 Ostrov Pozharevo 975.79 976 100

15 Bulgaria BG0000241 Srebarna 1448.22 1430 99

16 Bulgaria BG0002006 Ribarnitsi Orsoya 475.43 475 100

17 Bulgaria BG0002007 Ostrov Ibisha 399.32 399 100

18 Bulgaria BG0002008 Ostrov do Gorni Tsibar 218.43 218 100

19 Bulgaria BG0002009 Zlatiyata 43498.73 4553 10

20 Bulgaria BG0002017 Kompleks Belenski ostrovi 7009.77 7010 100

21 Bulgaria BG0002018 Ostrov Vardim 1167.55 1168 100

22 Bulgaria BG0002024 Ribarnitsi Mechka 2582.34 2582 100

23 Bulgaria BG0002025 Lomovete 33451.32 626 2

24 Bulgaria BG0002030 Kompleks Kalimok 9429.22 9428 100

25 Bulgaria BG0002031 Stenata 79.73 80 100

76 26 Bulgaria BG0002064 Garvansko blato 324.27 324 100

27 Bulgaria BG0002065 Blato Malak Preslavets 372.22 372 100

28 Bulgaria BG0002067 Ostrov Golya 414.56 415 100

29 Bulgaria BG0002074 Nikopolsko plato 22246.4 3648 16

30 Bulgaria BG0002083 Svishtovsko-Belenska nizina 5439.8 3630 67

31 Bulgaria BG0002091 Ostrov Lakat 1260.94 1261 100

32 Bulgaria BG0002104 Tsibarsko blato 909.76 910 100

33 &URDŀLD HR1000016 Podunavlje i donje Podravlje 66335.33 46586 70

Felsen und Hangwälder im 34 Germania DE7037471 Altmühl-, Naab-, Laber- und 4831.19 1308 27 Donautal

35 Germania DE7040402 Wälder im Donautal 1289 893 69

Donau zwischen Regensburg 36 Germania DE7040471 3276.43 3276 100 und Straubing

Felsen und Hangwälder im 37 Germania DE7132471 Altmühltal und Wellheimer 3610.89 4 0,12 Trockental

Donau zwischen Straubing 38 Germania DE7142471 6914.13 6910 100 und Vilshofen

39 Germania DE7229471 Riesalb mit Kesseltal 12068.95 443 4

Donauauen zwischen 40 Germania DE7231471 6995.12 6985 100 Lechmündung und Ingolstadt

41 Germania DE7243402 Isarmündung 2132 1994 94

Wiesenbrüterlebensraum 42 Germania DE7330471 3994.55 3185 80 Schwäbisches Donauried

43 Germania DE7427471 Schwäbisches Donaumoos 2592.66 1606 62

44 Germania DE7428471 Donauauen 8084.84 7744 96

45 Germania DE7527441 Donauried 4253.18 610 14

46 Germania DE7624441 Täler der Mittleren Flächenalb 5692.36 1202 21

Südwestalb und Oberes 47 Germania DE7820441 43030.98 8192 19 Donautal

Baggerseen Krauchenwies/ 48 Germania DE7921401 750.13 736 98 =LHOƓQJHQ

49 Germania DE8017441 Baar 37701.59 9712 26

50 Germania DE8018401 Höwenegg 20.74 21 100

51 Germania DE8116441 Wutach und Baaralb 14002.46 339 2

52 Romania ROSPA0001 Aliman - Adamclisi 18908.7 423 2

53 Romania ROSPA0002 Allah Bair - Capidava 11715.7 7623 65

54 Romania ROSPA0005 %DOWD0LFÅD%UÅLOHL 25802 25702 100

77 55 Romania ROSPA0007 Balta Vederoasa 2139.6 1807 84

56 Romania ROSPA0009 %HľWHSH0DKPXGLD 3654.2 3187 87

57 Romania ROSPA0011 %ODKQLŀD 44003.3 24698 56

58 Romania ROSPA0012 %UDŀXO%RUFHD 13299.2 13196 99

59 Romania ROSPA0013 &DODIDW&LXSHUFHQL'XQÅUH 29379.3 18049 61

60 Romania ROSPA0017 &DQDUDOHOHGHOD+¤UľRYD 7304.8 7234 100

61 Romania ROSPA0021 &LRFÅQHľWL'XQÅUH 801.2 801 100

62 Romania ROSPA0023 &RQŴXHQŀD-LX'XQÅUH 19530.2 7459 38

63 Romania ROSPA0024 &RQŴXHQŀD2OW'XQÅUH 20483.8 12517 61

&XUVXO'XQÅULL%D]LDľ 64 Romania ROSPA0026 10331 10326 100 3RUŀLOHGH)LHU

'HOWD'XQÅULLľL&RPSOH[XO 65 Romania ROSPA0031 508302.3 488570 96 Razim - Sinoie

66 Romania ROSPA0032 Deniz Tepe 1896.6 425 22

67 Romania ROSPA0038 'XQÅUH2OWHQLŀD 5927.8 5880 100

68 Romania ROSPA0039 'XQÅUH2VWURDYH 16243.8 16235 100

69 Romania ROSPA0040 'XQÅUHD9HFKH%UDŀXO0ÅFLQ 19011.8 16040 84

70 Romania ROSPA0046 Gruia - Gârla Mare 2963.9 2918 98

71 Romania ROSPA0051 ,H]HUXO&ÅOÅUDľL 5008.7 1938 39

72 Romania ROSPA0052 Lacul Beibugeac 469 469 100

73 Romania ROSPA0053 Lacul Bugeac 1385.4 1384 100

74 Romania ROSPA0054 /DFXO'XQÅUHQL 1269.7 1269 100

75 Romania ROSPA0056 Lacul Oltina 3309.9 2185 66

76 Romania ROSPA0060 /DFXULOH7DľDXO&RUEX 2734 199 7

77 Romania ROSPA0073 0ÅFLQ1LFXOLŀHO 67308.8 4580 7

78 Romania ROSPA0074 Maglavit 3642.5 3641 100

79 Romania ROSPA0076 0DUHD1HDJUÅ 149143.9 53553 36

80 Romania ROSPA0080 0XQŀLL$OPÅMXOXL/RFYHL 117770.7 46521 40

81 Romania ROSPA0090 Ostrovu Lung - Gostinu 2544 2543 100

82 Romania ROSPA0091 3ÅGXUHD%DEDGDJ 57912 1423 2

83 Romania ROSPA0102 Suhaia 4516 3516 78

84 Romania ROSPA0108 9HGHD'XQÅUH 22404.2 17525 78

%HUWHľWLLGH6XV*XUD,DOR- 85 Romania ROSPA0111 6864.6 1 0,02 PLŀHL

86 Romania ROSPA0120 .RJÅOQLFHDQX*XUD,DORPLŀHL 7087.6 2204 31

87 Romania ROSPA0121 /DFXO%UDWHľ 15878.9 3185 20

78 88 Romania ROSPA0135 1LVLSXULOHGHOD'ÅEXOHQL 11009.2 9130 83

89 Romania ROSPA0136 2OWHQLŀD8OPHQL 12405 9382 76

90 Slovacia SKCHVU004 Dolné Pohronie 229.32 78 34

91 Slovacia SKCHVU005 'ROQ«3RYDĻLH 31195.5 567 2

92 Slovacia SKCHVU007 Dunajské luhy 16511.58 17572 100

93 Slovacia SKCHVU016 Záhorské Pomoravie 31072.92 98 0,32

94 Slovacia SKCHVU029 6\VýRYVN«SROLD 1772.94 297 17

95 Ungaria HUDD10003 Gemenc 19641.18 17279 88

96 Ungaria HUDD10004 Béda-Karapancsa 8722.01 7715 88

Börzsöny és Visegrá- 97 Ungaria HUDI10002 49556.83 12405 25 di-hegység

98 Ungaria HUDI10003 Gerecse 29597.89 2510 8

99 Ungaria HUDI10006 Tatai Öreg-tó 2623.98 556 21

100 Ungaria HUFH10004 Mosoni-sík 13096.43 78 1

101 Ungaria HUFH30004 Szigetköz 17183.02 11938 69

)HOVĎNLVNXQV£JLV]LNHVSXV]- 102 Ungaria HUKN10001 15776.02 1096 7 ták és turjánvidék

Kiskunsági szikes tavak és az 103 Ungaria HUKN10002 35722.19 174 0,49 ĎUMHJLWXUM£QYLG«N

Total SPA 1,095,581 36%

1 Serbia Karadjordjevo 48494.8 4734.9 98

2 Serbia Usce Save u Dunav 98098.9 8993.6 92

3 Serbia Gornje Podunavlje 22606.7 17799.7 79

4 Serbia Koviljski rit 95942.1 9556.4 100

5 Serbia Fruska gora 49205.3 3053 6

6 Serbia Mala Vrbica 19142.8 1914.2 100

7 Serbia Djerdap 77163.5 38892.3 50

8 Serbia Labudovo okno 64886.9 6488.6 100

9 Serbia Dunavski lesni odsek 53043.8 5304.3 100

Total IBA Serbia 96737.6 52%