Dimensional Analysis of the Dynamics of Professional Relationship in Financial Organizations

Announcements DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE DYNAMICS OF PROFESSIONAL RELATIONSHIP IN FINANCIAL ORGANIZATIONS Muscalu Alina Gabriela Psychologist PhD Student , University of Bucharest, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, ROMANIA

Organizational culture is considered to be a system of beliefs and values that develop in the organization and guides the behaviour of its members, thus encouraging them most times, strive to achieve organizational objectives. Culture is thus more than the sum of components. It is the result of interaction with the elements themselves, with minds, souls, personality of organizations, and the external environment. Culture can be defined as being organization's personality, thus influencing the dynamics of organizations (McNamara, 1997). The communication style is defined as a whole the distinctive of characteristics to a person in the communication process. Communication style is referring to all particularities of manifestations owned by a person in communication process, bearing the stamp of their personality, temperament, culture and social environment. Communication style sustains environmental influences and is manifested as a pattern for assessment of an organization. At the organizational level, the pressure exercised by the work's task is a major factor of installation and specific behavioural reactions of professional stress; it's also affecting how interpersonal relationships and consequently the communication style. Therefore, we made a research about the influence of generic stress and stress perceive to communication style in financial and banking organizations. The research was done 33 subjects - employees of Romanian’s financial banking institutions. In this research we have used a range of research methods: documentation method, investigations method using Questionnaire SC (Analysis of Communication Style) - built by S. Marcus, a Romanian psychologist with important contributions, especially studying the empathic phenomenon; using Cope Questionnaire and Scale PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) - these samples being calibrated on the Romanian population. Also, we used systemic observation and statistical analyses methods. The conclusions that we have reached allow us to highlight a succession of the features of objectification in banking - financial field, of the variables considered in our research. Our research revealed a specific typology between style of communication - professional stress and perceive stress. Keywords : communication style, generic stress, perceive stress, organizational psychology

WHICH IS THE MOST EFFECTIVE METHOD THAT EMPLOYERS USE TO DEAL WITH JOB STRESS IN THE WORKPLACE? Fragouli Evangelia, Assistant Professor, Aarhus University, Business School & Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, DENMARK Every circumstance may cause stress. When stress exceeds the limits it may become pathological (Sonato, 1993) causing many negative consequences .This research paper aims to study stress in work environment and in particular how to tackle human stress by the form of the workplace. It is composed of two parts. The first part lists the causes and effects of stress at work, both physically and psychologically, then addresses how to tackle it. The second part consists of a brief empirical survey carried out in order to think about the most effective ways of dealing with stress work . The three most used methods by larger businesses-enterprises dealing with stress are the “Increased employee autonomy”, “Assigning work within employees’ capabilities “and “Flexible work schedules”. As for the effectiveness of these methods, which is the target of this research, it is indicated that for small and medium scale the most effective method is “Assigning work within employees’ capabilities” method and for the larger scale the best is “Increased employee autonomy” method. They are two effective methods because they target the causes responsible for work- related stress and make employees feel better and more useful, and they improve their performance. The study also proposes that methods, such as, “Humor seminars”, “Stress training programs and assigning experts to provide psychological support” that aren’t used at all, It would be useful those businesses to come to knowledge about their existence and their effectiveness and implement them.

THE INFLUENCE OF UNEMPLOYMENT ON INDIVIDUAL’S PSYCHOLOGY AND COPYING METHODS Fragouli Evangelia, Assistant Professor, Aarhus University, Business School & Social Sciences, Department of Psychology, DENMARK

The negative impact of unemployment on psychological health has a long research history. Arguably one of the most damaging, and certainly one of the most commonly reported, of all the psychological consequences of unemployment is a loss of self-esteem (Sheeran & Abraham, 1994; Waters, 2000; Winefield, Tiggemann, & Winefield, 1992). Among others, Amundson and Borgen (1987) and Amundson (1994) have characterized unemployment as an experience that leads to self-doubt and an internal struggle with confidence. But unemployment has many other negative influences on individuals´ psychology that affects performance and well being. Unemployment has been so far the subject of much research, especially in the repercussions to the psychology of an individual. Through a literature review on this subject, we tried to find the extent to which unemployment affects the psychological stability of individuals, especially nowadays due to the economic crisis, focusing our attention on different groups of people who, in our opinion, are mostly influenced nowadays, such as college graduates or people of advanced age. We will attempt to offer conclusive evidence of the theoretical background, providing clues that are the result of a small survey conducted through the distribution of a questionnaire. Additionally, drawing from coping literature, the study presents coping resources and coping behaviors highlighting the importance of considering a range of factors that could impact on the psychological well being

LOOKING AT WHAT ONE BELIEVES: INVESTIGATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EYE MOVEMENTS AND IMPLICIT ASSOCIATIONS Maria Laura Mele 1 and Prof.Stefano Federici2 1Sapienza University of Rome,Rome2 Department of Human Science and Education, University of Perugia, Perugia, ITALY Introduction and Aim: The Implicit Association Test (IAT) is a paradigm based on categorization tasks measuring outcomes causally produced by psychological differences in the strength of association between two concepts and a bipolar attribute. Our work aims to investigate the relationship between ocular responses and implicit associations, and in particular, whether eye behaviour can be considered predictive of implicit measures. Method:The eye movements occurring during an IAT on hidden ethnic biases of 30 Caucasian participants were recorded by the open-source ITU Gaze Tracker eye-tracking system and then compared to the IAT indices. Results: Both total times of fixations and total number of fixations emerged together as significant predictors of IAT scores (average response time for each trial = 961,8 ms; average time of fixation on each area of interest = 24,8 ms). The analysis carried out on number of fixations showed that subjects seem to implicitly search for the association according to their psychological attributes. Conclusion: Eye-tracking methodology seems to be a promising approach to analyse the implicit components involved in visual exploration and could be adaptable to different research contexts, such as the investigation of the implicit processes involved in human–technology interaction and the analysis of user experience.

PSYCHOTHERAPY FOR HIV INFECTED PEOPLE: A DIFFERENT APPROACH Dr. Michele Battuello, Rome University, Sapienza Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Rome, ITALY INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND: HIV is often related to psychological distress. Psychological approaches are important but they only give support, enhancing the relationships of the patients. Often these relationships are dysfunctional too. HYPOTHESIS: A brief-psychotherapy focused on major objective of each, but with the main general common objective to enhance the psychological individual independence and to promote a self- maturation. OBJECTIVE/S: understanding dysfunctional dynamics realized in the past, to promote individual independence with the objective of focusing the valid relationships and change dysfunctional ones. DESIGN: a brief group psychotherapy, supportive but mostly expressive. METHOD: a small group 3 male, 1 female: were chosen for group psychotherapy after 2-3 individual meetings. 16 psychotherapy meetings, weekly, length 1 hour 40-45. RESULTS: first patients worked on their dysfunctional affective part, that was pre-hiv. In a second time they worked promoting their possibility of independence to find their lost self esteem. in the last time they focused to improve their relationships where possible but mostly to think that they can go out from their closed world created after HIV diagnosis. CONCLUSION: quality of life of HIV patients can be focused on changing their dysfunctional parts, first enhancing the process of independence and individual esteem of persons.

PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT OF DELIRIUM OF ELDERLY PATIENTS ON A SHARED CARE WARD ¹.Dr Tania Tzigianni, Dr Richard ST5 in Old Age Psychiatry Leeds and York Partnerships NHS Foundation Trust ²,Leeds, UK Background: Delirium is a clinical syndrome described by disturbed consciousness, cognitive function or perception. It is characterized by an acute onset and a fluctuating course and is associated with poor outcomes. Standards: Delirium can be diagnosed by using the Confusion Assessment Method algorithm (CAM). According to NICE guidelines a short trial of haloperidol or olanzapine should be used for pts with delirium. Method: We audited all the inpatients on the care of the elderly wards (87 in total). We identified the patients with Delirium using CAM. Results:  25% of inpatients had Delirium. Of those, 32% received treatment with an antipsychotic.  3/7 patients were treated with Haloperidol, 1/7 patients with Olanxapine, 1/7 patients with quetiapine, 1/7 with Risperidone and 1/7 with a combination of Haloperidol and Olanzapine.  6% of patients had treatment with an antipsychotic for more than 7 days. Conclusion and Recommendations:  Delirium is mostly managed by non-pharmacological interventions  First line Pharmacological Intervention should be Haloperidol or Olanzapine.  Once initiated, the drug’s continuation should be reviewed at 7 days  The medication should be used at the lowest possible effective dose  Guidelines should be easily accessible

THEORY OF MIND AND PEER ACCEPTANCE / REJECTION AMONG YOUNG PAKISTANI CHILDREN Nafeesa Sireer¹, Dr. Gill Waters², ¹Lecturer, Department of Behavioral Sciences, Fatima Jinnah Women University, The Mall, Rawalpindi, PAKISTAN ²Division of Psychology, School of Social and International Studies University of Bradford, Bradford, UK Introduction & Aim Theory of mind (ToM) development or the ability to attribute mental states to self and others has been a prominent area of investigation in cognitive developmental psychology for last two decades. However, the cultural variations in ToM development are yet not very clear.The present study was designed to investigate the development of ToM in young Pakistani children and also to explore its association with peer ralationships in terms of peer acceptance rejection. Method Sixty children within the age range of 5-8 years were selected from public schools of Islamabad. The particiants were tested on four ToM tasks inncluding appearance reality, desire, emotions and deception tasks. Two different approaches were used to assess peer acceptance rejection; a social perspective (sociometric status) and a more subjective perspective (perceived acceptance rejection). Results The findings of the research indicated that 5-6 years old performed worst than chance on ToM tasks and the performance of 7-8 years old was almost on chance. The performance on desire task was highest in both groups followed by appearance reality, emotions and deception tasks respectively. No significant correlation was found in ToM and sociometric status or perceived peer acceptance rejection. Conclusion A significant delay in the development of ToM has been observed in Pakistani children. The study highlights the need to explore the cultural and familial contexts of ToM development.

PSYCHIATRIC WARDS OCCUPANCY LEVEL AND AGGRESSION Manouchehr Pak,¹Prof.Babak Motamedi² ¹Psychology and management Faculty, ² Faculty of Nursing, Islamic Azad University Dehaghan Branch, IRAN,

VIOLENT INCIDENTS WITHIN PSYCHIATRIC FACILITIES Babak Motamedi, Professor, Faculty of Nursing, Islamic Azad University Dehaghan Branch, Dehaghan, IRAN, OBJECTIVE: This study examined the frequency and types of violent behaviors in acute psychiatric inpatient settings and investigate the possible complex interaction between ward staffing, patient mix, and violence. METHODS: Data were gathered prospectively in two acute psychiatric units in two general hospitals and two units in a psychiatric hospital in Isfahan, Iran. Staff recorded violent incidents by using Morrison's hierarchy of aggressive and violent behavior. They also completed weekly reports of Ward Activity Index ( patient mix), and Staff Level Index were developed by the researcher. RESULTS: A total of 429 violent incidents were recorded over a three-month period. 50 percent of the incidents were serious. Seventy-eight percent were directed toward nursing staff. Complex relationships between staffing, patient mix, and violence were found. Relative risk increased with more nursing staff, more non nursing staff on planned leave, more patients known to instigate violence, a greater number of disoriented patients, more patients detained compulsorily, and more use of seclusion. The relative risk decreased with more young staff, more nursing staff with unplanned absenteeism, more admissions, and more patients with substance abuse or physical illness. CONCLUSIONS: Violent incidents within psychiatric facilities were frequent and serious, with great significance for occupational health.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH DRUG-RELATED PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS AND SUICIDE ATTEMPTS AMONG ILLICIT DRUG USERS IN TAIWAN Prof. Liang-Jen Wang 1,2, Shu-Chuan Chiang 3, Lien-Wen Su 4, Shih-Ku Lin 4, Chih-Ken Chen 1,2 1Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Keelung, TAIWAN; 2Chang Gung University School of Medicine, Taoyuan, TAIWAN; 3Taoyuan Psychiatric Center, Taoyuan, TAIWAN 4The Taipei City Hospital, Songde Branch, Taipei, TAIWAN Introduction & Aims: Illicit drug use and associated mental illness have emerged as important public health issues worldwide. The aims of this cross-sectional study were to investigate lifetime frequency and the associated factors of drug-related psychiatric disorders and suicide attempts among illicit drug users in Taiwan. Methods: The illicit drug users were consecutively recruited from a detention center and two psychiatric hospitals in Northern Taiwan. Eligible participants were interviewed for socio-demographic information, drug-using patterns, and lifetime drug-related psychiatric disorders using the Chinese version of the Diagnostic Interview for Genetic Studies. Results: Among 197 participants, 17.3%, 16.8% and 14.2% had a drug-induced psychotic disorder (DIP), a drug-induced mood disorder (DIM) and a history of suicide attempts, respectively. Continuous use of methamphetamine and joblessness were associated with DIP and DIM, accordingly. Poly-substance use was collectively correlated with DIP and DIM. Female gender and having a diagnosis of any mood disorder were predictors of suicide. Discussion: These results provide useful clues for detecting drug-related psychiatric disorders and suicide among illicit drug users. Early detection of illicit drug use with its associated high social and medical risks might provide clinicians with an opportunity to intervene and reduce the morbidity and mortality.

SEXUAL AGGRESSION AND INTENTIONAL DYNAMICS: DEVIANT AND NON-DEVIANT SEXUAL SELF-REGULATION FROM THE FIRST-PERSON STANCE Prof.Patrice Renaud , PhD,Kevin Nolet, PhD candidate,Mathieu Goyette, PhD candid. Dominique Trottier, PhD candidate, Sylvain Chartier, PhD, J.-L. Rouleau, PhD, CANADA

Child molesters (n=13) and sexually non-deviant subjects (n=29) were immersed with virtual characters depicting relevant sexual features while their sexual arousal and gaze behaviour were assessed to characterize their sexual preferences and intentional dynamics. Sexual arousal was measured using circumferential penile plethysmography (PPG). Gaze behaviour dynamics was derived from average gaze radial angular deviation (GRAD) and GRAD coefficient of variation (GRADCV). Results show distinct sexual arousal profiles according to sexual preferences and point towards the existence of specific gaze behaviour dynamics guided by sexual intentions. Theoretical interpretations are based on the ecological psychology of J.J. Gibson and the integrated theory of sexual offending. Theoretical underpinnings coming from these approaches are advocated as being especially well suited to explain how virtual reality can help probing into child molesters’ phenomenology as lived from the first-person stance. This research is part of a larger project developed at the Forensic psychiatry applications of virtual reality laboratory of the Institut Philippe- Pinel de Montréal and whose aim is to put forward new and more interactive ways to assess and treat psychopathologies of violent behaviours.

THE EFFECT OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA ON SPATIAL COGNITION IN ADULTS: A POSSIBLE EFFECT OF GENDER? Supriya Syal 1, Jonathan Ipser1, Nicole Phillips1, Susan Malcolm-Smith2, Kevin G. F. Thomas2, Jack van der Honk1,3 and Dan J. Stein1 1 Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA 2Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, SOUTH AFRICA 3Department of Psychology, Utrecht University, NETHERLANDS BACKGROUND: Although animal evidence indicates that early life trauma results in pervasive hippocampal deficits underlying spatial and cognitive impairment, neurocognitive data from adult humans with early childhood adversity are lacking. METHODS: We administered 4 tests of visuo-spatial ability from the Cambridge Neuorpsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) to adults with a history of childhood trauma (measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire) and a matched sample of healthy controls (n of trauma/control = 27/28) . RESULTS: We observed a significant effect of trauma history on spatial/pattern learning. These effects did not appear to be mediated by adverse adult experiences and were gender-specific, with prior adversity improving performance in men but worsening performance in women. LIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample and inherent risk of recall bias associated with the use of a self-report assessment of childhood trauma should be considered as possible limitations of this study. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that early adversity can lead to specific and pervasive deficits in adult neurocognitive function.

THE INFLUENCE OF PARENT’S COMMUNICATION STYLE ON CHILDREN ALTER’S PERCEPTION Prof.R. UREA, Lecturer , Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences Special Education Department, Bucharest University, ROMANIA Section: Family Research & Family Therapy It is well known that the family has an enormous role in children psychological development. The dynamic of social changes in Romanian society determines differential consequences in the family functions. The recent studies in the field are focus more and more on the way the family members communicate one with each other, and how the personal style of communication determine specific social criteria for evaluating Alter. We have made an investigation that has had the aim to reveal the impact of the parent’s social communication style on the way Alter’s is perceived. The research was done on 60 families on 84 children, aged 9-11 years old. In this research we have used a range of research methods: Questionnaire SC (Analysis of Communication Style) - built by S. Marcus, a Romanian psychologist with important contributions, especially studying the empathic phenomenon, The Alter’s perception test, developed in 2001 by R. Urea for Romanian preadolescents, The Social Perception for Affiliations Group Questionnaire developed in 2001 by R. Urea for Romanian preadolescents The conclusions that came through allow us to see the influences of the different communication style on the way the Alter is perceived.Key words: communication style, Alter social perception, family, preadolescent

NARCISSISM AND RELATIONSHIPS ON SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES. THE EXAMPLE OF FACEBOOK Alexia Kalogeropoulou¹ ,Pr. Athena Chatzouli² ¹PhD candidate, University of Athens, Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Athens, Greece ²University of Athens, Department of Communication & Media, Department of Psychology Το διαδίκτυο επηρέασε σημαντικά κάθε πτυχή της κοινωνικής ζωής, δίνοντας πρωτόγνωρες δυνατότητες επικοινωνίας και πληροφόρησης. Αναπόφευκτα επηρέασε και τις ανθρώπινες σχέσεις, ιδίως με την ανάπτυξη και εξέλιξη των ιστότοπων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης. Δεν είναι τυχαίο ότι το Facebook, ο πιο διαδεδομένος ιστότοπος κοινωνικής δικτύωσης, μετρά εκατομμύρια χρήστες σε όλο τον κόσμο, που διαρκώς αυξάνονται. Παρά το γεγονός ότι η εξάπλωση του Facebook εμπλούτισε σε σημαντικό βαθμό τις διαπροσωπικές σχέσεις, υποβάθμισε στον ίδιο βαθμό τα επίπεδα οικειότητας αλλά και τη μοναδικότητα των σχέσεων. Συγκεκριμένα, οι σχέσεις που διαμορφώνονται μέσω των ιστότοπων κοινωνικής δικτύωσης στερούνται πραγματικής οικειότητας, καθώς περιορίζονται, ως επί το πλείστον, σε μια ταχεία γνωριμία, η οποία παραμένει στα πρώτα στάδια αυτοαποκάλυψης, χωρίς κοινά βιώματα, χωρίς αμοιβαίες σταδιακές εκμυστηρεύσεις. Στην ανάπτυξη του συγκεκριμένου τύπου σχέσεων συμβάλλει σημαντικά ο τύπος επικοινωνίας που προωθούν οι ιστότοποι κοινωνικής δικτύωσης που καταλήγει στις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις στην ναρκισσιστική αυτοαποκάλυψη με γνώμονα τον εντυπωσιασμό και την ανάγκη αυτοπροβολής.

. FAMILIES OF YOUTHS EXPERIENCING ANCESTRAL SPIRITUAL POSSESSION: IMPLICATIONS FOR PARENT CHILD RELATIONSHIPS Khumoetsile Modutla Lecturer Psychology Department, University of South Africa, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA Ancestral spiritual possession is a common occurrence within the African culture. Ancestral spirits are viewed as part of everyday life experiences. Interestingly, this possession is not only limited to adults, children and youth groups are equally affected. Youth ancestral possession forms the basis of this paper. This paper critically examines the influence of ancestral spirits to the broader understanding of the developmental agenda of family (re)construction and rehabilitation. Case examples have been used to highlight key issues pertinent in this paper. Furthermore, these case studies are used to highlight the importance of openness to other forms of knowledge, cultural competence and understanding of other related social factors. Close examination of family experiences reveals that those affected by youth ancestral possessions are faced with a challenge of dealing with the impact thereof on parent child relationships and related parenting practices. The conclusion covers a discussion of the implications for parenting strategies. Key terms: : families, youth, ancestral spiritual possession, parent-child relationships

PARENTAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROL HURTS UNIVERSITY STUDENTS EMOTIONALLY WHEN RELATIONSHIPS WITH PARENTS ARE SELF- DEFINING Prof.Qian WANG¹, Prof.Yan LI² ¹Department of Psychology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ²Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, USA

MENTAL HEALTH OF NURSING STUDENTS Prof.Netshandama VO¹, Kutame AP², Maluleke M ³ ¹Director, ²Depart. Professional Studies, ³Depart of Advanced Nursing, University of Venda, Poplokwane, SOUTH AFRICA

Background: The University of Venda’s student enrolment mostly comprises students from low income households with poor university entrance preparation. The majority of students are the first generation of their families and communities to enter higher education. Being from poor socioeconomic backgrounds, they are likely to suffer chronic stress related to their poverty, and many of them have lived through stressful experiences due to a variety of HIV/AIDS related difficulties. All these stressors can compromise their mental health, which can result in poor academic achievement. Objective: To explore and describe the registered nursing students’ experiences of their mental health. Design: A qualitative design was used. A purposive sampling method was used to select participants. Population consisted of 221 nursing students who registered for a four year degree. 168 participated in naïve sketches and 48 from the 168 participated in the focus group interviews. The collected data was analyzed using Teschs’ method of open coding. Results: Findings revealed that some nursing students are subjected to psychological stressors, social stressors, environmental stressors and academic stressors. Conclusion: Finally, the mental health of nursing students has identified part of the reason for the students’ poor performance. A study be conducted on the kind of support do students need for them to successfully complete their studies. Key words: Mental Health; Academic success

COUNSELLING UNDERPERFORMING STUDENTS: WHAT STUDENTS NEED Prof.Netshandama VO¹, Kutame AP², Maluleke M³ ¹Director, ²Depart. Professional Studies, ³Depart of Advanced Nursing, University of Venda, Poplokwane, SOUTH AFRICA

Universities in rural communities establish ways to improve throughput rate of students focusing on what resources are lacking without assisting students towards academic success. Students admitted come from mainly rural schools and find themselves overwhelmed by university life. A situational analysis, involving a single case study at a rural university was performed to determine the needs of students for them to succeed academically. Data was collected from participants through focus group interviews. We established that there are several students support programmes for new and old students in the institution; mental health support is not accommodated within the available student support programmes of the institution; and that students need a programme that includes emotional and learning support and so lead to their academic development. This paper concluded by providing some recommendations for the development of the comprehensive counseling programme to assist students to succeed academically. Keywords: rural community, throughput rate, counseling, underperforming, emotional support, rural university.

BIG FIVE PERSONALITY TRAITS ASSOCIATED WITH HIGH-SCHOOL STUDENTS' CREATIVITY O. DĂU-GAŞPAR Psychologist ,University of Bucharest, ROMANIA The research was aimed to identify personality factors and traits that are associated with different levels and forms of creativity of high-school students, in order to develop a differentiated non-specific creativity stimulation program that could be applied within the formal educational system. Creativity was assessed with the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking, both figurative and verbal forms, while personality traits were assessed using the Big Five model approach offered by IPIP-NEO Personality Inventory. The statistical procedure used was the Pearson correlation test. The results highlight the strong link between creativity and several personality traits included within the openness to experience factor, traits that could be exploited in order to achieve the educational goal of the modern society, namely to shape the creative personality of the students.

INTERVENTION IN CHILD WITH BEHAVIOR AND ADJUSTMENT PROBLEMS IN SCHOOL: A CASE STUDY. E. Palaiodimou , Psychologist, Special Primary School of Lechena Ilias, GREECE

Introduction: This study individual case is a boy, 6 years old, who had behavioral problems and adjustment to school. During the examination, had ADHD behaviors, difficulty in defining-cooperation, resistance, aggression. Aspects of family and school environment (parent illness, not ancillary parental behaviors, unfavorable school climate, teacher attitudes) were associated with difficulties. Applied program of personal support of the child, parent counseling and intervention in school. The individual's support was conducted in weekly sessions. The techniques used were paigniokentrikes, consultative, supportive and cognitive-behavioral types (games, painting, fairy tale, warm emotional approach, accepting, confidential anticipation, utility division, support, reward, collect points, win prizes for achieving targets). Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention program and utility methods related to children with similar difficulties. Method: Systematic observation and recording of the clinical picture of the child. Results: The clinical picture is gradually improving and one year later there had been significant. In particular, adapted to the school environment, invest in the learning process did not present motor hyperactivity, kept the attention of his concentration had improved to the synergasimotita, delimitation, social skills and emotional organization. Conclusion: The holistic approach, consultative, supportive-behavior type may benefit children with behavioral problems, school adjustment, combined with emotional support-aided delineation as to highlight important.

SOCIAL REPRESENTATIONS AND PREJUDICE OF THE TEACHERS FOR THE “GOOD” AND THE “BAD” PUPIL IN THE CLASSROOM. Joanna Stamatina Panagiotakopoulou, PANTEIO University of Athens, PhD candidate University of Cassino, ITALY

The aim of this research was to study the effect "Guidance Social Domination» (SDO) and the "self" 2vathmias education teachers to represent "good", "bad" student with all aspects of these concepts. The survey involved 160 secondary school teachers and active retirees of both sexes, aged 21 - 70 years. We used a) social demographic questionnaires, b) in the questionnaire "social dominance orientation» (SDO) of Sidanius and Pratto (1999), with 16 questions and scales 7vathmies Likert, c) the questionnaire bias of Fiske and Cuddy (2002) with 12 adjectives and bias 7vathmies scales Likert, d) in the questionnaire "self" and the Scharz Rubel - Lifschitz (2009) with 21 questions and self 7vathmies scale Likert. The analysis of responses was the statistical package SPSS 18 for correlations for producing "social dominance orientation" of the teacher and the degree of "self" by using the Pearson's R and one-way ANOVA. Conclusion was that men teachers are more strict with their "bad" students than women (4,035, p <0,046), confirming the research of Schwartz and Rubel (2005) showed that in countries with less gender equality, less wealthy and autonomous as Greece, the gender differences are relatively small. Teachers with a high degree of "social dominance orientation» SDO was associated initially (-0,205, p <0,01) with the warmth of "bad" student while the "traditional" teacher was associated positively with the "warmth" of the "good student" ( 0,217 p <0,01) and the "ability" of the "good" student. (0,229 p <0,01). The tradition (tradition) may contain the sense that the person in order to avoid "threats" to the environment is to remain in status quo mentality. According to the study of Schwarz and Rubel - Lifschitz delivery is associated with lower social equality of the sexes (which is true in Greece). Also, teachers have a high degree of "self" as "universal» (universalism) approach and the good and bad students so when students have "warmth" toward them. The universality of values includes understanding, appreciation, tolerance, protection. This universality is associated with higher social equality of the sexes (not valid in Greece). Schwarz & Rubel Lifschitz (2004).

REDUCTION SOCIAL INEQUALITY AND THE INTOLERANCE GROWTH THE BRAZILIAN CASE Prof.João Angelo Fantini, Dept. Psychology, Federal University of São Carlos, BRAZIL

One of my principal interests is the way the recent arrival of consumers from the poorest strata of the Brazilian population fighting for space in malls and airports and the wave of objections against migrants, particularly on social networks during the last presidential election brought up to the media and intellectual circles, debates about the belief in the Brazilian "cordiality" related to the ethnic and social differences. Right now, it is possible to notice retaliations, on the internet, against migrants and the strata of the population with low education and less economic resources who were considered to be blamed of Mrs.Russef election. The question concerning the existence or not of "veiled" racism in Brazil seems to be connected to questions about recognition, violence, ethics and justice which can operate in other issues like gender and identity, particularly about homophobia, violence among urban groups and the attempts of individuals and groups claiming rules through violence. These issues will be considered from the psychological, social and cultural applications of psychoanalytic theory.

FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS’ CONSULTATION FREQUENCY DECREASE IN OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENTS Petsas D ., Rizavas I., Thomaidou M., Manthou V., Korompili K., Lazaridi S., Diakoumopoulou An., Tsopelas C., Parashakis K. Psychiatric Hospital of Attica - Dafni, GREECE Εισαγωγή : στα πλαίσια της εξωνοσοκομειακής παρακολούθησης των ψυχικά ασθενών ατόμων, η τακτική επαφή μεταξύ θεράποντος και θεραπευόμενου αποτελεί αναμφισβήτητη ανάγκη Σκοπός : να εντοπίσουμε τους λόγους για τους οποίους ασθενείς των Εξωτερικών Ιατρείων επιλέγουν (συχνά σε συμφωνία και με το θεράποντα) αραιότερες αντί συχνότερες συναντήσεις. Υλικό – Μέθοδος : σε 100 ασθενείς που παρακολουθούνται στα Εξωτερικά Ιατρεία του Ψ.Ν.Α. Δαφνί και για τους οποίους έχει επιλεγεί η τακτική της τρίμηνης συνταγογράφησης και αντίστοιχης χρονικά εξέτασης, ετέθη σχετικό ερώτημα όσον αφορά στο βασικό λόγο της επιλογής αυτής της διαδικασίας αντί της μηνιαίας εξέτασης. Δόθηκαν επιλογές, αλλά οι ασθενείς είχαν το δικαίωμα αναφοράς και άλλου λόγου πλην των προταθέντων. Αποτελέσματα : 45 ασθενείς ανέφεραν ως βασικό λόγο τη δυσκολία πρόσβασης (με την έννοια της απόστασης από την περιοχή κατοικίας τους), 27 τη μεγάλη διάρκεια αναμονής κατά την ημέρα της εξέτασης, 15 την αδυναμία της υπηρεσίας να παράσχει τη δυνατότητα μηνιαίων επισκέψεων, 8 το οικονομικό κόστος της εξέτασης, ενώ 5 ασθενείς απλά θεώρησαν ικανοποιητικό το χρονικό διάστημα της ανά τρίμηνο εξέτασης. Δεν αναφέρθηκε άλλος λόγος. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε η περιγραφική μέθοδος. Συμπεράσματα : η περιορισμένη ανάπτυξη της Πρωτοβάθμιας φροντίδας και των αντίστοιχων δομών, σε συνδυασμό με τη μη πρακτική εφαρμογή της Τομεοποίησης ευοδώνουν καταστάσεις, που με τη σειρά τους ωθούν τους ασθενείς (αλλά συχνά και τους ψυχιάτρους) σε μεγιστοποίηση του χρόνου μεταξύ δύο επισκέψεων, στοιχείο που εγκυμονεί κινδύνους όσον αφορά στην ποιότητα των παρεχόμενων υπηρεσιών, άρα και στην πορεία της υγείας των ασθενών και κατ’ επέκταση στη συχνότητα των υποτροπών και των επανανοσηλειών

CAUSES EXPANDING THE DURATION OF HOSPITALIZATION IN A PSYCHIATRIC CLINIC Petsas D., Staikos C., Panagiotidis S., Diakoumopoulou An., Rizavas I., Tsopelas C., Thomaidou M., Parashakis K. Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni, GREECE Εισαγωγή : θεωρείται αυτονόητο - αλλά στην πράξη φαίνεται να μην τηρείται - ότι η διάρκεια νοσηλείας ενός ψυχικά ασθενούς σε ψυχιατρική κλινική θα πρέπει να περιορίζεται στο απολύτως απαραίτητο χρονικό διάστημα, αποφεύγοντας αδικαιολόγητες χρονικές υπερβάσεις. Σκοπός : να γίνει μία καταγραφή των αιτίων που οδηγούν σε παράταση της νοσηλείας, πέραν της ημερομηνίας που θέτει ο θεράπων ψυχίατρος Υλικό – Μέθοδος : καταγράφηκε η εμφάνιση του ΄΄φαινομένου΄΄ της παράτασης νοσηλείας και τα αίτια αυτής σε ένα σύνολο 200 νοσηλειών, που έγιναν στο 4ο Ψ.Τ.Ε. του Ψ.Ν.Α. Δαφνί από 1-10-2011 ως και 31-12-2011 σε ασθενείς που έπασχαν από σχιζοφρένεια ή σχιζοσυναισθηματική διαταραχή. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε η περιγραφική μέθοδος. Αποτελέσματα : στις 119 από τις 200 νοσηλείες (ποσοστό 59,5%) υπήρξε ουσιαστικά παράταση αυτής, σε 62 από αυτές (52,1%) λόγω αντιδράσεων – αντιστάσεων των συγγενών, σε 11 (9,24%) λόγω έλλειψης συγγενικού υποστηρικτικού περιβάλλοντος και ταυτόχρονης απουσίας επιθυμίας διαμονής σε ξενώνα/οικοτροφείο, σε 24 (20,17%) λόγω προώθησης διαδικασιών μεταφοράς σε εξωνοσοκομειακή δομή, σε 14 (11,77%) λόγω ύπαρξης συνοδών παθολογικών προβλημάτων και σε 8 (6,72%) λόγω καθυστέρησης στη διενέργεια και τη λήψη αποτελεσμάτων κάποιων εργαστηριακών και κυρίως απεικονιστικών εξετάσεων. Συμπεράσματα : η παράταση της νοσηλείας ενός ψυχιατρικού ασθενούς οδηγεί σε αύξηση του αριθμού των νοσηλευομένων μιας κλινικής με πολύπλευρες αρνητικές συνέπειες πάνω απ’ όλα σε θεραπευτικό, αλλά , επίσης, και σε λειτουργικό, διοικητικό και λογιστικό επίπεδο. Τα ανωτέρω δεδομένα καθιστούν αναγκαίο το σχεδιασμό, τη συστηματική υλοποίηση, την οργανωμένη αντιμετώπιση και το σημαντικό περιορισμό εκάστου εκ των παραγόντων που οδηγούν σε πρακτικά αδικαιολόγητη επιμήκυνση της διάρκειας νοσηλείας ενός ψυχικά ασθενούς.

INVOLUNTARY HOSPITALIZATION OF PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS IN PRIVATE HOSPITALS Petsas D., Diakoumopoulou An., Tsopelas C., Rizavas I., Athanasiou C., Staikos C., Thomaidou M., Parashakis K. Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni, GREECE Εισαγωγή : η νομιμότητα, το νομότυπο ή το παράνομο της πραγματοποίησης ακούσιας νοσηλείας σε ιδιωτική ψυχιατρική κλινική αποτελεί αντικείμενο αντιθετικών απόψεων και προσεγγίσεων Σκοπός : να καταγραφεί η ύπαρξη ή μη ύπαρξη περιπτώσεων ακούσιας ψυχιατρικής νοσηλείας σε ιδιωτική κλινική κατόπιν σχετικής εισαγγελικής εντολής και να τεθούν προβληματισμοί Υλικό – Μέθοδος : πραγματοποιήθηκε έλεγχος στα αρχεία του 4ου Ψυχιατρικού Τμήματος Εισαγωγών του Ψυχιατρικού Νοσοκομείου Αττικής – Δαφνί. και ο οποίος αφορούσε σε ενδεχόμενη μεταφορά ακούσια νοσηλευόμενου ψυχικά ασθενούς σε ιδιωτική κλινική από 1-1-2007 ως και 31- 12-2011. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε η περιγραφική μέθοδος. Αποτελέσματα : σε σύνολο 987 νοσηλειών, με τις ακούσιες να προσεγγίζουν τον αριθμό των 513 (ποσοστό 51,98%) κατεγράφησαν 65 μεταφορές ακούσια νοσηλευόμενων ασθενών σε ιδιωτική ψυχιατρική κλινική κατόπιν σχετικής μετατροπής της εισαγγελικής εντολής (ποσοστό 12,67%), ήτοι 6 το 2007, 10 το 2008, 17 το 2009, 15 το 2010 και 17 το 2011. Συμπεράσματα : η πραγματοποίηση της ακούσιας ψυχιατρικής νοσηλείας σε ιδιωτική ψυχιατρική κλινική αποτελεί για το νομό Αττικής μια υπαρκτή διαδικασία, συχνά επιθυμία των οικείων και άλλοτε ελάχιστη έκφραση διατήρησης της βούλησης και της ελευθερίας του ίδιου του ασθενούς. Το γεγονός ότι το ίδιο δεν ισχύει για άλλα μέρη της ελληνικής επικράτειας (π.χ. νομός Θεσσαλονίκης) αποτελεί προφανή έκφραση καταστρατήγησης του πρώτου άρθρου του ελληνικού Συντάγματος, βάσει του οποίου όλοι οι πολίτες είναι ίσοι απέναντι στο νόμο. Απαιτείται συντονισμός των εμπλεκόμενων θεσμικών φορέων για την άρση αυτού του φαινομένου και την κοινή αντιμετώπιση με βάση αντικειμενικά κριτήρια και με στόχο την καλύτερη υποστήριξη του ψυχικά πάσχοντος ασθενούς.

PSYCHIATRIC VALORIFICATION OF LEGISLATION RELATED TO INVOLUNTARY HOSPITALIZATION Petsas D., Panagiotidis E., Tsopelas C., Rizavas I., Athanasiou C., Diakoumopoulou An., Staikos C., Parashakis K. Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni, GREECE Εισαγωγή : σύμφωνα με το άρθρο 98 του Ν.2071/92 σε περιπτώσεις ακούσιας νοσηλείας ΄΄τα αναγκαία περιοριστικά μέτρα δεν επιτρέπεται να αποκλείουν απαραίτητα για τη θεραπεία μέσα, όπως οι άδειες, οι οργανωμένες έξοδοι, η διαμονή σε χώρους που εποπτεύονται από τα κλειστά ιδρύματα΄΄. Σκοπός : να εξεταστεί ο βαθμός στον οποίο αξιοποιούνται από τους ψυχιάτρους τα περιθώρια που αφήνει το ανωτέρω άρθρο Υλικό – Μέθοδος : σε 100 ακούσια νοσηλευόμενους (από 1-10-2010 ως και 31-12-2011)ασθενείς του 4 ου Ψ.Τ.Ε. του Ψ.Ν.Α. Δαφνί καταγράφηκε το χρονικό διάστημα μετά την έναρξη της νοσηλείας και μετά από το οποίο δόθηκε στον ακούσια νοσηλευόμενο ασθενή το δικαίωμα εξόδου ή άδειας. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε η περιγραφική μέθοδος. Αποτελέσματα : σε 42 νοσηλευόμενους δικαίωμα εξόδου δόθηκε από την πρώτη εβδομάδα νοσηλείας, σε 37 από τη δεύτερη εβδομάδα και σε 21 από την Τρίτη εβδομάδα νοσηλείας. Άδεια χορηγήθηκε σε 32 από τους 100 νοσηλευόμενους, στις 25 από αυτές τις περιπτώσεις επρόκειτο για τριήμερη άδεια το Σαβατοκύριακο προ της εβδομάδας χορήγησης εξιτηρίου. Συμπεράσματα : όταν ο νομικός ορθολογισμός ενώνεται με την απαλλαγμένη από προκαταλήψεις του παρελθόντος, σύγχρονη ψυχιατρική ολιστική πρακτική, προκύπτει ένα επιστημονικό έργο, που προστατεύει ουσιαστικά τα δικαιώματα, αλλά και την υγεία του ψυχικά ασθενούς πολίτη. Αυτό το – ίσως αυτονόητο για πολλούς – δεδομένο αποκτά ιδιαίτερη αξία, όταν συγκριθεί με ποικίλες άλλες περιπτώσεις (ακόμη και άλλων άρθρων του ίδιου νόμου) στις οποίες το εκεί αναφερόμενο ως ΄΄αυτονόητο΄΄ μετατρέπεται σε ΄΄ανέφικτο΄΄.

FORENSIC PATIENTS’ PRESENCE STATUS IN PSYCHIATRIC DEPARTMENTS : FROM HOSPITALIZATION TO IMPRISONMENT Petsas D., Tsopelas C., Rizavas I., Diakoumopoulou An., Athanasiou C., Panagiotidis E., Staikos C., Parashakis K. Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni, GREECE Εισαγωγή : η τήρηση από τους ψυχιάτρους των όσων προβλέπονται για ασθενείς που υπάγονται στο άρθρο 69 του Π.Κ. και οι οποίοι ΄΄φυλάσσονται΄΄ σε ψυχιατρικές κλινικές, θα σήμαινε τον περιορισμό των ασθενών αυτών αυστηρώς εντός της κλινικής για χρόνια ολόκληρα ή και ισοβίως Σκοπός : να δούμε τον τρόπο με τον οποίο χειρίζονται οι ψυχίατροι το δίλλημα που προκύπτει ανάμεσα στα όσα προβλέπονται (ή καλύτερα δεν προβλέπονται) από την κείμενη νομοθεσία και την πασιφανή ανάγκη για εξόδους του ασθενή από την κλινική Υλικό – Μέθοδος : καταγράψαμε τη στάση που τηρήθηκε από τους ψυχιάτρους του 4ου Ψυχιατρικού Τμήματος Εισαγωγών σε σχέση με 16 ασθενείς του άρθρου 69, που νοσηλεύτηκαν από το 2002 ως το 2011 στο συγκεκριμένο Τμήμα Αποτελέσματα : στα πλαίσια του ωραρίου που επιτρεπόταν και στους υπόλοιπους ασθενείς, το σύνολο των ψυχιάτρων του Τμήματος επέτρεπαν την καθημερινή έξοδο και των 16 ασθενών, που για διαφορετικά ο καθένας διαστήματα τα τελευταία 9 έτη παρευρίσκονταν υπό καθεστώς ΄΄φύλαξης΄΄ στο 4ο Ψ.Τ.Ε. Συμπεράσματα : είναι προφανές πως είναι αδύνατος, απάνθρωπος και επικίνδυνος ο πολυετής περιορισμός του οποιουδήποτε, πολύ δε περισσότερο ενός ψυχικά ασθενούς εντός τεσσάρων τειχών. Απαιτούνται θεσμικές παρεμβάσεις που θα αντικαταστήσουν τις θαρραλέες, αλλά παράνομες (και άρα επικίνδυνες για τους ίδιους) πρωτοβουλίες των ψυχιάτρων.

THE PRESENCE OF A SUPERVISOR IN RESIDENTIAL – REHABILITATION UNITS Petsas D., Manthou V., Gorgoli D., Diakoumopoulou An., Korompili K., Tsopelas C., Petsa M., Parashakis K. Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni, GREECE

Εισαγωγή : η παρουσία και ο ρόλος του επόπτη σε οικοτροφεία και ξενώνες ψυχοκοινωνικής αποκατάστασης είναι εξαιρετικής σημασίας και συμβάλει στην προστασία , αλλά και την πολύπλευρη υποστήριξη των μελών της Πολυκλαδικής Θεραπευτικής Ομάδας και του έργου της. Σκοπός : να καταγραφεί ο βαθμός παρουσίας επόπτη σε εξωνοσοκομειακές στεγαστικές δομές (τόσο σε ΝΠΔΔ, όσο και σε ΝΠΙΔ) Υλικό – Μέθοδος : σε 30 δομές του Δημοσίου και 30 ΑΜΚΕ (Αστικές Μη Κερδοσκοπικές Εταιρείες), οι οποίες φιλοξενούν πρώην νοσηλευόμενους Ψυχιατρικών Νοσοκομείων, κατεγράφη η ύπαρξη ή η μη ύπαρξη επόπτη. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε η περιγραφική μέθοδος. Αποτελέσματα : καμία δομή του Δημοσίου (ΝΠΔΔ) δεν είχε επόπτη, ενώ το αντίθετο κατεγράφη σε 19 από τις 30 ιδιωτικές δομές (ΝΠΙΔ – ποσοστό 63,33%). Συμπεράσματα : παρά το γεγονός ότι και στις ΑΜΚΕ και στα ΝΠΔΔ η χρηματοδότηση είναι κρατική και οι επιμέρους παράμετροι, στις οποίες θα πρέπει να στηρίζεται το επιστημονικό έργο αυτών των δομών ταυτίζονται, σημαντικά θέματα, όπως η παρουσία ή μη επόπτη στη δομή αντιμετωπίζονται με διαφορετικό τρόπο. Θα πρέπει να προβληματίσει η συνολικά σε σημαντικό ποσοστό μη τήρηση αυτής της κομβικής παραμέτρου λειτουργίας των δομών, η παντελής απουσία της από τις κρατικές δομές, αλλά και η μεγάλη διαφορά στη στάση που παρατηρείται μεταξύ ΝΠΔΔ και ΝΠΙΔ, διαφορά που πιθανώς να υφίσταται και σε άλλες παραμέτρους με ανάλογα ή αντιστρόφως ανάλογα αποτελέσματα.

BREAST CANCER PREVENTION IN PSYCHOTIC WOMEN Petsas D., Diakoumopoulou An., Korompili K., Manthou V., Gorgoli D., Tsopelas C., Petsa M., Parashakis K. Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni, GREECE Εισαγωγή : η μεγάλη συχνότητα εμφάνισης καρκίνου του μαστού διεθνώς, αλλά και η υψηλή θνησιμότητα που παρατηρείται και στη χώρα μας, αποτελούν ιατρικές καταστάσεις για τις οποίες και οι γυναίκες που πάσχουν από ψύχωση οφείλουν να λαμβάνουν προληπτικά μέτρα. Σκοπός : να γίνει μια αρχική καταγραφή του ποσοστού των ψυχωτικών γυναικών που υποβάλλονται σε μαστογραφία, καθώς και η στάση τους απέναντι στην προληπτική αυτή διαδικασία Υλικό – Μέθοδος : χορηγήθηκε σχετικό, σύντομο ερωτηματολόγιο σε 64 γυναίκες, 40 – 60 ετών, που πάσχουν από σχιζοφρένεια ή σχιζοσυναισθηματική διαταραχή και νοσηλεύτηκαν στο 4ο Ψυχιατρικό Τμήμα Εισαγωγών από 1-1-2009 ως και 31-12-2011. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε η περιγραφική μέθοδος. Αποτελέσματα : το 48,43% γνώριζε για ποιο λόγο πρέπει να υποβληθεί μια γυναίκα σε μαστογραφία, το 59,38% δε γνώριζε από ποια ηλικία και το 50% δε γνώριζε πόσο συχνά πρέπει να υποβληθεί μια γυναίκα σε μαστογραφία, το 43,76% είχε υποβληθεί στην εξέταση, αλλά από αυτές το 87,5% μόνο μία φορά και το υπόλοιπο 12,5% δύο φορές. Συμπεράσματα : με δεδομένο ότι η πρόωρη διάγνωση και θεραπεία του καρκίνου του μαστού αποτελεί τον πιο σημαντικό παράγοντα αύξησης των πιθανοτήτων επιβίωσης και σε συνδυασμό με τα πιθανολογούμενα (αν και μη καταγεγραμμένα) πολύ χαμηλά ποσοστά προληπτικού ελέγχου στο γενικό πληθυσμό, που στις γυναίκες που πάσχουν από ψύχωση φαίνεται να είναι ακόμη χαμηλότερα, επιβάλλεται η ανάληψη πρωτοβουλιών από τους θεράποντες ψυχιάτρους με στόχο την ενθάρρυνση των ψυχωτικών γυναικών προς την κατεύθυνση της διενέργειας μαστογραφίας σε ετήσια βάση, το αργότερο από την ηλικία των 40 ετών.

PSYCHOSIS AND CERVICAL CANCER EARLY DIAGNOSIS Petsas D., Gorgoli D., Diakoumopoulou An., Korompili K., Manthou V., Tsopelas C., Petsa M., Parashakis K. Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni, Greece Εισαγωγή : η πρώιμη διάγνωση του καρκίνου τραχήλου της μήτρας και ακόμη περισσότερο ο έγκαιρος εντοπισμός του Ιού Ανθρωπίνων Θηλωμάτων (Human Papilloma Virus ή HPV) μέσω της τακτικής διενέργειας τεστ - ΠΑΠ, μπορεί να περιορίσει τη θνησιμότητα του καρκίνου του τραχήλου της μήτρας περισσότερο από 80%. Σκοπός : να γίνει μια αρχική καταγραφή των βασικών γνώσεων και της συχνότητας συμμετοχής των ψυχωτικών γυναικών στον προληπτικό έλεγχο μέσω του τεστ – ΠΑΠ. Υλικό – Μέθοδος : χορηγήθηκε σχετικό, σύντομο ερωτηματολόγιο σε 92 γυναίκες, 20 – 65 ετών, που πάσχουν από σχιζοφρένεια ή σχιζοσυναισθηματική διαταραχή και νοσηλεύτηκαν στο 4ο Ψυχιατρικό Τμήμα Εισαγωγών από 1-1-2009 ως και 31-12-2011. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε η περιγραφική μέθοδος. Αποτελέσματα : το 44,57% γνώριζε για ποιο λόγο πρέπει να υποβληθεί μια γυναίκα σε test – ΠΑΠ, το 77,17% δε γνώριζε από πότε και το 52,17% πόσο συχνά πρέπει να υποβληθεί μια γυναίκα σε test – ΠΑΠ, το 56,52% έχει υποβληθεί σε τεστ – ΠΑΠ, αλλά το 44,23% εξ αυτών ή το 25% επί του συνόλου έχει υποβληθεί μία και μοναδική φορά, με το 66,3% να μη μπορεί να συγκεκριμενοποιήσει το λόγο της μη διενέργειας. Συμπεράσματα : ο κίνδυνος εμφάνισης καρκίνου του τραχήλου της μήτρας σε γυναίκες που πάσχουν από ψύχωση αυξάνεται σημαντικά, λόγω της περιορισμένης συμμετοχής τους στον απαιτούμενο προληπτικό έλεγχο. Δεδομένη πρέπει να θεωρείται η ύπαρξη της ψυχικής διαταραχής, ως παράγων που επηρεάζει σημαντικά αυτή την στάση. Απαιτείται ιδιαίτερη προσοχή μεταξύ των επαγγελματιών (ψυχικής) υγείας με στόχο τον περιορισμό αυτού του απειλητικού για τη ζωή φαινομένου, η δε παραπομπή στο γυναικολόγο θα πρέπει να αποτελεί μέρος του γενικότερου ιατρικού έργου, που οφείλει να επιτελεί ο ψυχίατρος.

CONTRACEPTION AND SCHIZOPHRENIA Petsas D., Korompili K., Manthou V., Gorgoli D., Diakoumopoulou An., Tsopelas C., Petsa M., Parashakis K. Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni – Dafni, GREECE Εισαγωγή : η ψυχωτική γυναίκα δεν αποκλείεται από την τεκνοποίηση, όταν αυτή είναι αποτέλεσμα προγραμματισμού. Η ακούσια και απρόβλεπτη κύηση, όμως, εμπεριέχει πολλαπλούς και πολυποίκιλους κινδύνους. Σκοπός : να εντοπιστεί η παρουσία ή η απουσία κινδύνου μη προγραμματισμένης εγκυμοσύνης σε γυναίκες που πάσχουν από ψύχωση Υλικό – Μέθοδος : κατεγράφη η τήρηση κάποιας μεθόδου αντισύλληψης για το έτος που προηγήθηκε της νοσηλείας και αφορούσε 50 γυναίκες, ηλικίας 20 – 40 ετών, που νοσηλεύτηκαν στο 4ο Ψυχιατρικό Τμήμα Εισαγωγών από 1-10-2010 ως και 31-12-2011, με διάγνωση σχιζοφρένεια ή σχιζοσυναισθηματική διαταραχή (διάρκεια νόσου άνω του ενός έτους) και οι οποίες εξέφρασαν απουσία επιθυμίας κύησης για την ελεγχόμενη περίοδο. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε η περιγραφική μέθοδος. Αποτελέσματα : 27 από τις 50 γυναίκες (ποσοστό 54%) ανέφεραν ότι έχουν ενεργό σεξουαλική ζωή. Μόνο 4 από τις 27 γυναίκες (14,81%) ανέφεραν τήρηση κάποιας μεθόδου αντισύλληψης (αντρικό προφυλακτικό και στις 4 περιπτώσεις), ενώ άλλες 8 από αυτές (29,63%) θεώρησαν ότι η αντισύλληψη αφορά στον άντρα και παραδέχτηκαν περιστασιακή τήρηση. Καμία άλλη αντισυλληπτική μέθοδος δεν κατεγράφη. Συμπεράσματα : οι γυναίκες που πάσχουν από ψύχωση εμφανίζουν αυξημένο κίνδυνο μη συναινετικού σεξ, παράδοξης σεξουαλικής συμπεριφοράς, αλλά και μειωμένης επίγνωσης του ενδεχομένου εγκυμοσύνης και των συνεπειών αυτής. Απαιτείται να δοθεί ιδιαίτερη προσοχή στο ζήτημα της ενημέρωσης τόσο από το θεράποντα ψυχίατρο, όσο και από το γυναικολόγο τον οποίο θα πρέπει αυτές οι γυναίκες να προτρέπονται να επισκέπτονται σε τακτική βάση.

FAMILY IN FRONT OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS Helen Tsachagea ¹, Clementine Karageorgiou² ¹Clinical Psychologist- Psychotherapist, Department of Neurology General Hospital'' G. Gennimatas'', Athens, Greece ²Neurologist, Director Department of Neurology General Hospital'' G. Gennimatas'', Athens, Greece In recent years investigated mental disorders who have family members of people with Multiple Sclerosis. The emotional reactions of relatives is intense and varied depending on the type and stage of evolution of the patient. Particular shows the reactions of relatives of individuals with recent with no apparent symptoms with visible symptoms It highlights the factors that contribute to positive family adjustment. Discussed the interactions between family members affected with interpersonal relationships for their husbands, children of patients and parents of adult patients. Proposed ways of addressing the stress experienced by relatives that the MS can affect as little as possible the course of their lives. Presented a positive adjustment of the family such as open communication, restriction of social isolation and psychological support for both patients and their relatives.

A GREEK TRANSLATION OF THE PATHOLOGICAL NARCISSISM INVENTORY: FACTOR STRUCTURE AND PSYCHOMETRIC PROPERTIES. P. Karakoula 1, S. Triliva2, I. Tsaousis3 1 Doctorate Candidate in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, GREECE. 2 Associate Professor in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, GREECE 3 Assistant Professor in Psychometrics, Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, GREECE.

Introduction and aim: The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Greek version of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI). The PNI assesses seven dimensions of pathological narcissism spanning problems associated with narcissistic grandiosity (Entitlement Rage, Exploitativeness, Grandiose Fantasy, Self-sacrificing Self-enhancement) and narcissistic vulnerability (Contingent Self-esteem, Hiding the Self, Devaluing). Method: The original version of the PNI was translated from English to Greek and administered to 283 college students. In order to investigate its factor structure in the Greek sample, confirmatory factor analysis was used. Three models were evaluated: a. the initial seven-factor first order model, b. a second order model with two higher order latent factors (Grandiosity, Vulnerability) and c. a variation of model (b) where Entitlement Rage served as an indicator of Vulnerability instead of Grandiosity. Results: The results showed better model fit for the seven-factor structure. Regarding the second order models, goodness-of-fit indices showed better fit for the model with Entitlement Rage as an indicator of Grandiosity and not Vulnerability. Reliability coefficients were within the acceptable standards for all subscales. Discussion: Theoretical issues resulting from the comparisons of the two second order models, emphasizing narcissistic rage, are discussed. Acknowledgement: This research has been co-financed by the European Union (European Social Fund – ESF) and Greek national funds through the Operational Program "Education and Lifelong Learning" of the National Strategic Reference Framework (NSRF) - Research Funding Program: Heracleitus II. Investing in knowledge society through the European Social Fund.

MENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH IN A CHANGING SOUTH AFRICA: A CHALLENGE TO HEALTH PROFESSIONALS IN VHEMBE DISTRICT OF LIMPOPO PROVINCE Prof.Netshandama VO¹, Kutame AP², Maluleke M³¹Director, ²Depart. Professional Studies, ³Depart of Advanced Nursing, University of Venda, Poplokwane, SOUTH AFRICA Mental health is inextricably linked to human rights issues. The stigma, discrimination and human rights violations that individuals and families affected by mental disorders suffer are intense and pervasive. At present the information about mental health matters is ill organized. Its collection is irregular, its quality mediocre and its use sporadic and often misleading (WHO, 2011). South Africa is changing in terms of Technology, Politically, Socially and Impact of HIV/AIDS. Despite this evidence, mental health is a neglected and an under-researched area of public health. Aim: The overall aim of this study was to provide an account of the current status regarding mental health research in vhembe district of Limpopo Province. Design. A qualitative study was followed. A purposive sampling was done to select participants. Participants consisted of 50 health professionals of Vhembe district. A naïve sketch was used to collect data. Data was analysed using a computer system called atlas ti. Results: the findings revealed that most health professionals did not receive formal training in research methodology . Few who received formal training, they did not had an opportunity to conduct research. Some participants indicated the lack of financial support to be a challenge, some revealed the lack of support from supervisors while few indicated to have conducted research but they are stuck with the findings they do not know what to do with the findings. Conclusion: The key challenges faced by the health professionals are lack of funds, lack of trained staff, lack of support and lack of time. Recommendations: A central planning unit should be established to ensure that regional mental health research issues are addressed. Key words: mental health; mental health research

COMMUNITY MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES OF THE ZOMBΙA DISTRICT IN MALAWI –VIEWS OF GUARDIANS. N. Tshotsho ¹,Prof. B.M.Kachingwe² ¹Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Fort Hare, SOUTH AFRICA ²Department of Nursing Sciences, University of Fort Hare, SOUTH AFRICA

Introduction and Aim: This was a study to influence the review processes of policies for the community mental health services in Malawi. Although such services existed, the views of the guardians as users of the services were unknown. In this study their views were explored. Method: A qualitative phenomenological research design was used to answer the research question on how the guardians view the community mental health services. A purposive sampling method was used to select the participants. 15 guardians of discharged patients were targeted for the study. Unstructured individual interviews were conducted until saturation of data. Atlas.ti software was used for Data analysis. Results: Barriers to the effectiveness of the services are: inaccessibility of services due to inconsistent appointment dates by nurses; shortage of medications; poor infrastructure; lack of public transport; poverty, cultural beliefs and practices, poor supervision and lack of psycho-education. Benefits of effective community mental health services are as follows: users are able to access services near their homes with an additional benefit of compliance to medication; improvement of mental health status and the ability of users to sustain themselves. Conclusion The results might serve as evidence base for reviewing the mental health care policies of the country.

THE MORE FREQUENT SYMPTOMS OF CLUSTER B PERSONALITY DISORDER IN IRANIAN GIRLS’ WITH THICK MAKE UP: A CASE CONTROL STUDY Aisan Ghaemian Oskouei , Salman Abdi Psychology PhD student at Brunel University ,London , UK Background: The majority of young girls’ thick make up, is a cultural issue that in some societies is considered as normal. However, this issue is considered as abnormal in Iran. This study was carried out in order to comparison based on cluster B personality disorder with make up features namely, thick and normal. Method: In a case control study 336 single girls were identified through some English institutions of Tabriz ( Iran). They were located in one of two groups: 1- thick make up (N=112), 2- without make up (N=224). This classification of participants were selected by their answers about how much of their time was devoted to make up and friends who make assessment of severity about their make up. The symptoms of cluster B personality disorder were assessed by Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory III (MCMI-III). Independent t-test was used to compare the symptoms of cluster B personality disorder in tow groups. Results: Girls with thick make up have reported more frequently tend to be beauty queen (P<0.05). The mean score of symptoms belonging to all cluster B personality disorder in thick make up girls was higher than normal ones (P<0.01). Conclusion: Girls suffering from cluster B personality disorder, tend to be much more pretty with thick make up. The cultural studies would be needed to explain relationship between cluster B personality problems and thick make up.

FUNCTION OF THE SYMPTOM: REFLECTIONS FROM THE CLINICAL WORK Prof.Eva Maria Migliavacca Institute of Psychology of the University of São Paulo, Chair of the Department of Clinical Psychology, BRASIL. The author takes the psychoanalytical concept of symptom as a possible expression of a mental context. She suggests that the symptoms may have contemporary features, but the latent conflicts are invariant, according to Bion’s concept. She considers that the attachment to the so called contemporary affections may confuse the perception of the latent content. The problem of the psychotherapist is to go far beyond the appearances and reach the unconscious mental dynamic, which is the true source of pain. That may release the patient from the domain of compulsion to repetition. The author uses mythical-literary metaphors as illustration of the clinical investigation of the function of the symptom.

EFFECTS OF MENTAL ILLNESS ON RELATIONS WITHIN FAMILY AND RELATIVES Magadla Nomaphelo ,senior Lecturer, University of Fort Hare, East London, S. AFRICA

The purpose for conducting the study was to explore and describe the relationship of families, friends and relatives with their mental health care user (MHCUs). This was a descriptive quantitative study based on convenience sampling. The instrument for data collection was a structured questionnaire designed by the researchers. Ethical considerations were taken care of by getting clearance from the university, permission from the Provincial research unit as well as from the MHCUs or guardians. The research was explained to the MHCUs; its objectives and how it would be conducted.To uphold their dignity, they were reassured about the fact that they would be given respect, privacy and confidentiality. Those who were willing to participate in the research signed an informed consent.Data were collected by use of a questionnaire. Data were analysed using the Statistical Programme for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results were displayed in graphs and tables. Responses revolved around feeling a burden, lack of skills to deal with the MHCUs. Other respondents stated that the MHCUs cause some labelling as well as stigmatisation towards the family. Families felt that they were cursed. Community leaders should mobilize support for MHCUs and their families to avoid them running from burden.

EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMAS AND SCHEMA MODES ON PERSONALITY DISORDERS Dimitrios G. Lyrakos ¹, Arnound Arntz² Department of Clinical Psychology , Maastricht University / Elpis Care¹, Maastricht University², GREECE

One of the most significant theories relating to the way in which human beings cope with emotion and trauma is schema theory. According to Young (1999), early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are characterized by unconditional feelings and beliefs in relation to self-identity and the environment. Based on the Schema theory, Schema modes (SM) on the other hand are describing how we react (copying responses) and our emotional state in any given situation. Hey tend to be triggered by an event, that we are oversensitive. So in essence, a schema mode represents "those schemas, coping responses, or healthy behaviors that are currently active for an individual". The present study investigates possible correlations (positive and negative) between EMS and SM in association with the various personality disorders (PD) based on the DSV-IVTR categorization and diagnostic criteria. The participants were of the present study are 683 participants, both male and female, between the ages of 18 and 60, both inpatients in various private and public psychiatric institutions in Greece and outpatients from various open day centers and private practices in Greece. Specifically the Personality Disorders included in the present study are, Paranoid PD (106 participants), Schizotypical PD (50 participants), Antisocial PD (202 participants), Borderline PD (242 participants), Histrionic PD (26 participants), Narcissistic PD (38 participants) Avoidant PD (10 participants) and Dependant PD (9 participants). There has been found different associations between the personality disorders and EMS and SM. The instruments used were the Young Schema Inventory 3rd Version in order to find the EMS’s for the participants, the second version of the Schema Mode Inventory for the Modes of each participant, and the Greek version of the Personality Assessment Inventory, for diagnostic purposes.

OLDNESS AND PSYCHOTHERAPY Prof. Eva Maria Migliavacca Institute of Psychology of the University of São Paulo, Chair of the Department of Clinical Psychology, BRAZIL The author proposes a clinical reflection on psychoanalytical psychotherapy for old aged people. She considers that, above all, psychoanalytical psychotherapy works through the process of reparation. Reparation, a psychoanalytical kleinian concept, can be thought of as reconstitution of the psychic tissue and revisal of the relationship of the individual to himself. Such a process can provide the reconciliation with one’s own reality. Even being a precious process in any psychotherapy, it might become vital for old aged people. The author presents two examples in order to illustrate different developments.

NEW FORMS OF EMPLOYMENT, INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS AND GUIDANCE. THE IMPORTANCE OF COUNSELING IN THE CHOICES THE LEARNER - TRAINEES IN THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC POLICY E.Valkanos¹, G.Mardas², N.Mardas³ Assistant Professor, Lecturer, political Scientist, University of Macedonia - Department of Education and Social Policy, GREECE Κατά τους κλασσικούς οικονομολόγους, στο καθεστώς της μορφής της πλήρους απασχόλησης επιτυγχάνεται η οικονομική ισορροπία, δηλαδή η εξίσωση της προσφοράς και της ζήτησης των αγαθών, ενώ κατά τον νεοκλασσικό J.M. Kaynes αυτή η ισορροπία μπορεί να επιτευχθεί και στη μορφή της μη πλήρους απασχόλησης (υποαπασχόλησης), κατά την οποία έχουμε χαμηλό επίπεδο δαπανών για την επένδυση και κατανάλωση, πράγμα, βέβαια, που συνεπάγεται την ανεπάρκια ζήτησης και επομένως την αύξηση της ανεργίας. Βελτίωση, όμως, του συντελεστή «ανεργία», προκύπτει, σύμφωνα με σχετική έρευνα, με την εκπόνηση και εφαρμογή εκπαιδευτικών προγραμμάτων και σχετικής επαγγελματικής κατάρτισης, με την καλύτερη οργάνωση και διοίκηση των γραφείων απασχόλησης, καθώς και με την παρέμβαση της Συμβουλευτικής κατεύθυνσης, ως προς την απασχόληση και τον επαγγελματικό προσανατολισμό στα σχολεία, καθώς και με την απελευθέρωση των κλειστών επαγγελμάτων. Ο όρος «εκπαιδευτικός επαγγελματικός προσανατολισμός» είναι ο θεσμός εκείνος, που με τη βοήθεια της εφαρμοσμένης ψυχολογίας, η οποία μελετά και το άτομο και το επάγγελμα, προσπαθεί να διευκολύνει τον ενδιαφερόμενο να επιλέξει την αρμόζουσα σε αυτόν σπουδή, και μέσω αυτής να βρει τη διέξοδο προς το κατάλληλο επάγγελμα, το οποίο να ανταποκρίνεται στις ανάγκες, τις κλίσεις, τις δεξιότητες και την προσωπικότητά του, και έτσι τελικά να επιτύχει ο ενδιαφερόμενος να αναπτύξει, κατ’αρχήν, τις δυνατότητες προσαρμογής του, τόσο στο εκπαιδευτικό όσο και στο κοινωνικό και εργασιακό περιβάλλον του, μέσα στο συνεχώς μεταβαλλόμενο χώρο της απασχόλησης και των εργασιακών σχέσεων. Η από δεκαετίας υποβόσκουσα παγκοσμιοποιημένη κοινωνική και οικονομική κρίση, που οι οδυνηρές συνέπειές της εμφανίσθησαν, το έτος 2010, στην Ελλάδα και στην Ευρωπαϊκή Ένωση, επέφερε, μεταξύ των άλλων, την κατάρρευση του κεκτημένου πλαισίου των εργασιακών σχέσεων, υπογραμμίζει την άμεση αναγκαιότητα εφαρμογής ενός συστήματος Συμβουλευτικής στον επαγγελματικό προσανατολισμό, που θα λαμβάνει υπ’όψη του τις δυνατότητες της αγοράς εργασίας, της δυναμικής των επαγγελμάτων και της προοπτικής της τεχνολογίας. Ήδη, δείχνει, επίσης, η έρευνα, ότι τα σύγχρονα σχετικά προγράμματα μελέτης αγοράς εργασίας οφείλουν να εστιάζονται στις νέες μορφές απασχόλησης: πολλαπλή, υπερωριακή, εκ περιτροπής, ετεροαπασχόλησης, εταιρικής συμφωνίας, εταιρικής απασχόλησης, επιχειρησιακής σύμβασης, προσωρινής απασχόλησης και εργασιακής εφεδρείας. Λέξεις-κλειδιά: Απασχόληση, επάγγελμα, επαγγελματικός προσανατολισμός, συμβουλευτική, εκπαίδευση, κατάρτιση.

ΕΙΜΑΣΤΕ ΘΝΗΤΟΙ ΚΑΛΛΙΤΣΑΣ ΓΙΑΝΝΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ- ΤΣΙΑΚΑ Επίτ. διευθύντριας Παν/μίου Αθηνών Φιλολόγου- ιστορικού-ποιήtria Ο θάνατος είναι τραγικό γεγονός. Βυθίζει σε θλίψη, προκαλεί αβάσταχτο πόνο και συχνά δημιουργεί οικονομικά προβλήματα στην οικογένεια. Το παιδί δέχεται το κτύπημα του πεπρωμένου με υπομονή και θαυμαστή καρτερία και παρά την ανασφάλεια που το συγκλονίζει ξεπερνάει τις δυσκολίες πιο εύκολα από τους ενήλικους της οικογένειας πολλές φορές. ΄Εχει ηρεμία και αξιοπρέπεια που αφίνουν κατάπληκτο το περιβάλλον που σ΄ένα; βαθμό μεταδίδονται και παρηγορούν τους δυστυχισμένους γονείς του. Κυριαρχικό στοιχείο είναι η πίστη του ότι ο θάνατος δεν είναι γεγονός αμετάκλητο ανεπανόρθωτο και τελειωτικό. ΄Όταν φτάσει στην εφηβεία θα συνειδητοποιήσει την έννοια του θνητού και του θανάτου. Γι΄ αυτό δεν πρέπει να μάς παραξενεύει το παιδί των 10 ετών που παίζει, επιφανειακά αμέριμνο, την επόμενη κιόλας μέρα της κηδείας της γιαγιάς του, ή ακόμα και του πατέρα του. Δεν είναι ούτε άκαρδο ούτε αναίσθητο, όπως κάποιος θα μπορούσε να το κακοχαρακτηρίσει.. Πέρα από την θεωρητική τοποθέτηση του θέματος η ζωή δημιουργεί συγκεκριμένα ερωτήματα και προβλήματα γύρω από τον θάνατο. Τι λέμε στο παιδί για τον θάνατο.Θα πάει το παιδί στην κηδεία. Δύο είναι τα συναισθήματα που το .συγκλονίζουν. . Είναι συνηθισμένο να έχει το παιδί ευχηθεί μια ή πολλές φορές το θάνατο του γονιού του. Τέτοιες σκέψεις γεννιούνται στο παιδικό μυαλό, είτε αυθόρμητα σαν παιχνίδια της φαντασίας, είτε σε στιγμές οργής, ιδιαίτερα ύστερα από αυστηρή τιμωρία. ΄Οσο πιο ανώριμο είναι το παιδί τόσο μεγαλύτερη ενοχή αισθάνεται.. Ο φόβος του είναι μεγάλος. Φοβάται μήπως χάσει και τον άλλον γονιό του ή μήπως πεθάνει το ίδιο ή το αδελφάκι του.Είναι; λάθος να αρνηθούμε ότι είμαστε θνητοί. . Στις δύσκολες, τις τραγικές ώρες της ζωής επιστρατεύει ο γονιός ότι δυνάμεις έχει, όλη του την αυτοσυγκράτηση, χωρίς όμως να κρύβει τα αισθήματά του και δίνει στο παιδί όλη του την αγάπη. Με λόγια και έργα δείχνει την πίστη του στο αύριο, στο μέλλον, στην συνέχεια των γενεών, στην διαιώνιση του ανθρώπου

CHALLENGES OF THE FOSTER CARE SYSTEM. ΑΝΑΔΟΧΗ ΚΑΙ ΣΥΧΡΟΝΕΣ ΠΡΟΚΛΗΣΕΙΣ Karkani Anastasia¹ , Theodoropoulou Maria², ¹clinical psychologist doctorant Universite Paris8, The center for supporting motherhood, Athens, Greece ² Roots research centre, Athens, Greece Η παρούσα διερεύνηση εστιάζει στην ανάλυση της δυναμικής των ανάδοχων οικογενειών. Σκοπός της εργασίας είναι η ανάδειξη της λειτουργίας του συστήματος της ανάδοχης τόσο στη χώρας μας αλλά περιέχει αναφορές κλινικών μελετών που αφορούν σε άλλα κοινωνικά συστήματα. Η συγκριτική μελέτη των προγραμμάτων αναδοχής αποκαλύπτει τόσο τα ελλείμματα του κάθε συστήματος όσο και των δυσκολιών που παρατηρούνται στις ανθρώπινες μονάδες που εμπλέκονται στο σύστημα . Εξετάζονται παράλληλα τόσο η ψυχολογική παράμετρος όσο και η πραγματική δυνατότητα εφαρμοσμένων πρακτικών των συστημάτων αναδοχής στη χώρα μας η αλλού.

MOLECULAR APPROACHES IN THE POSTGENOMIC ERA FOR SCREENING, DIAGNOSIS AND PERSONALISED TREATMENT WITH MOLECULAR TARGETING OF NEUROPSYCHIATRIC DISEASES INCLUDING REGENERATIVE MEDICINE USING STEM CELLS (iPSCs) AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY FOR REPAIRING NEURON DAMAGE CAUSED BY NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES. John N Giannios, BSc,PgCertTM,PgDiplTM,MSc,M/D Prof, Translational Medicine Practitioner, President of the Hellenic and International Society of Molecular and Genomic Medicine and Research, Athens, Greece The aim of genomic medicine is to customize on a personalized basis the proper treatment guided by molecular targeting for eradicating the underlying causes of neuropsychiatric diseases instead of only suppressing their symptoms. Thus, we must use pharmacogenomics in the daily medical practice against neuropsychiatric disorders. Furthermore with molecular screening ,we are capable to diagnose these diseases in their early stages preventing their progressive onset. For this,we can use genomic technology for exploring all the alterations in the coding genes of the genome which composes only the 2% of the human DNA. Furthermore, we must analyze all the non-coding genes in the epigenome that comprises the remaining 98% of the human DNA examining their interplay with the coding genes of the genome,and its subsequent role in the neuropsychiatric disorders intervening therapeutically by downregulating overexpressed genes which precipitate these disorders or activating silenced genes for repairing neurodegenerative damages due to epigenetic mechanisms, such as methylation of CpG islands.Emphasis will be given to the repair of damaged neurons due to neurodegerative diseases such as Alzheimer with the use of autologous induced pluripotent stem cells which exert no immunogenicity. Finally,the facilitation of gene or antisense therapies which may act synergistically with conventional treatment requires nanobiotechnologic approaches for achieving with surgical precision molecular targeting circumventing biological milieu interactions leading to efficient personalized therapeutic approaches against neuropsychiatric diseases in the postgenomic era.

STRESS AND BURNOUT Bakomitrou Florentia, Clinical Psychologist, Psychotherapist in General Hospital of Nikea- Piraeus, Msc, Phd Candidate Collaborator with the University of Athens, , Greece

Ο όρος Επαγγελματική Εξουθένωση εμφανίστηκε 1η φορά στη βιβλιογραφία το 1974 (Freudenberger). Το φαινόμενο της Επαγγελματικής Εξουθένωσης είναι το αποτέλεσμα χρόνιου συσσωρευμένου στρες που κατακλύζει τον εργαζόμενο, ο οποίος νιώθει ότι τα ψυχικά του αποθέματα δεν επαρκούν για να αντεπεξέλθει στην πίεση του εργασιακού χώρου. Τα συμπτώματα της Επαγγελματικής Εξουθένωσης εμφανίζονται σε οργανικό, συναισθηματικό, γνωστικό επίπεδο, καθώς και σε επίπεδο συμπεριφοράς. Σύμφωνα με τις Maslach και Jackson (1986), οι 3 κυριότεροι παράγοντες που διακρίνουν την επαγγελματική εξουθένωση είναι η συναισθηματική εξάντληση, η αποπροσωποποίηση και η έλλειψη προσωπικών επιτευγμάτων. Αυτοί οι 3 παράγοντες εμφανίζονται διαδοχικά, καθώς ο βαθμός εξουθένωσης αυξάνεται στον εργαζόμενο. Όσον αφορά στη συχνότητα εμφάνισής της επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης από μελέτες που έγιναν διεθνώς, φαίνεται να παρουσιάζεται ιδιαιτέρως συχνά μεταξύ των επαγγελμάτων υγείας. Οι παράγοντες που συνδέονται με την ανάπτυξη της επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης είναι τα χαρακτηριστικά της προσωπικότητας, οι στάσεις των ατόμων, οι εργασιακές συγκρούσεις, τα χαρακτηριστικά των δομών και η εργασιακή ικανοποίηση. Επομένως η επαγγελματική εξουθένωση δε θεωρείται «ατομικό» πρόβλημα, αλλά πρόβλημα που δημιουργείται εντός του εργασιακού περιβάλλοντος του ατόμου. Όταν ο εργασιακός χώρος δεν αναγνωρίζει την ανθρώπινη διάσταση της εργασίας, τότε αυξάνεται σημαντικά ο κίνδυνος της επαγγελματικής εξουθένωσης με τεράστιο κόστος, γεγονός που καθιστά ιδιαιτέρως σημαντική την εφαρμογή προγραμμάτων παρέμβασης με σκοπό τη Διαχείριση του Άγχους (Stress Management) ιδιαιτέρως στις ομάδες επαγγελματιών υγείας.

CLINICAL RESULTS OF A.P.PA.C Epidemiology and Social Psychiatry from 2009-2013 Dr. J. Kouros¹, Marinela Malaj ² , Valeria Koudoumogiannaki ², A.P.P.A.C. Association of Psychology & Psychiatry for Adults & Children ¹ Psychiatrist – Child Psychologist (University of Athens, University of Paris) A.P.P.A.C. Director, “Hygia” Hospital of Athens, E.F.T.A., E.P.A. Member ²A.P.P.A.C Psychologists

Introduction -Aim: A.P.P.A.C. through years has conducted several researches in order to enlarge on the knowledge associated with Mental Health. Our aim was to examine the results of the MMPI tests that our patients had and correlate them with parameters related to the current state of psychiatric diseases and their social impacts, such as suicide risk, which we expected to be increased. A sample of 111 patients has been studied during past 3 years. Results: The average age of the patients is 32 years old, 70,63% male and 37 % female. 57% of them has University education, 26 % has high school education.79% of the patients are not married, 16% are married and 7,6% are widower. Psychiatric diseases results: The most common psychiatric disease is schizophrenia with 22%. On the second place are anxiety disorders with 20% of the patients. 19% of them has depression, 15% passive-aggressive disorder, 7% hysteria, 5% of them has emotionally unstable personality and 5% are into normal levels. Suicide Risk: 48% of the patients has no suicide risk, for the 26% of them there is a possibility of committing suicide, 22% has high suicide risk and 4% even higher risk. Conclusion: The majority that has come for therapy to our association were diagnosed with schizophrenia. Also male sex, higher education and family status seem to be factors for the current state of psychiatric diseases of A.P.P.A.C patients.

LECTURES

CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN COMMUNITY BASED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION. Dr Edward Theologis, Prof Malcolm Hopwood Brain Disorders Program, University of Melbourne Department of Psychiatry. Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA

Background: The Community Brain Disorders Assessment and Treatment Service (CBDATS) is a multidisciplinary team servicing a population of 4.6 million in Victoria Australia. It provides secondary consultation and case management for patients with comorbid brain impairment and psychiatric illness, with most patients having additional clinical, psychosocial and service-related complexities. This study was conducted to look at clinical outcomes in this complex patient group for which very little evidence exists in the literature. Method: Demographic, clinical and HoNOS outcome data were collected over a 3 year period and analyzed statistically for 229 patients who met service entry criteria. Results: We were able to demonstrate a small but statistically significant improvement in total HoNOS scores between admission and discharge (17.1 to 14.2; p<0.001) and additional improvement in some HoNOS subscores for patients who received psychotropic advice in addition to general community based care. Conclusion: The study suggests that community based management is effective in complex patients with brain impairment and psychiatric or behavioural disorder and that HoNOS is a useful data collection tool in demonstrating this effectiveness. Further research may examine in more detail the role of specific interventions and subjective quality of life implications in this complex population of patients.

THE INCREASINGLY DANGEROUS AMERICAN PSYCHE: Research findings into the deterioration of the mental health of Americans post 9/11 Prof. Charles Frost Department of Social Work, Middle Tennessee State University, USA

America has consistently engaged in contradictory behaviour since its earliest developmental stages right up to the present. It has a national holiday celebrating Columbus, despite the fact that he was a mass murderer. It built into its Declaration of Independence that all men are created equal, at the same time that it legalized slavery . It proudly proclaims that all of its citizens are eligible to due process, even though it herded thousands into concentration camps during World War Two and more recently authorized the assassination of an American citizen living out of the country as they labelled him dangerous. Although this type of contradictory behaviour is far from new, it has escalated substantially since the World Trade Centers came horrifically crashing down on September 11, 2001, exacerbating existing tensions in the American Psyche. Researching the impact of 9/11 for the past decade, and most recently examining the Tea Party (2009), the Coffee Party (2010), and the Occupy Wall Street protests (2011), certain themes emerge indicating that steps need to be taken before America becomes so dangerous that it may begin a new era of national and international deterioration. Research findings will be presented along with recommendations based on those findings.

THE MAKING OF A PSYCHOTHERAPIST: REFLECTIONS ON TRAINING PRACTICES IN A SOUTH AFRICAN UNIVERSITY B. Semenya ,Lecturer & Clinical Psychologist Department of Psychology; University of South Africa, Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA

The development and suitability of the self of a practitioner of psychotherapy in facilitating change in a therapeutic context remains a critical topic in current day discourses on psychotherapeutic practice in psychology. Existing body of evidence in psychological research shows that psychotherapy is informed by a systematic body of knowledge acquired largely in the process of training and education. Despite the contributions that have been made by constructivist orientations to reconceptualise the therapeutic use of self, emphasis of many training programs remains largely placed on traditional didactic education and training practices in developing the psychotherapists’ approach and armamentarium. In this paper, I explore the challenges and opportunities of a constructivist positioning in terms of curriculum design and the implications that this has on training practices within the context of a clinical psychology masters program in an institution of higher learning in South Africa. I also employ Michel Foucault’s notion of ‘technologies of the self’ to provide a useful way of thinking about the interchanges and multiple engagements between trainers and trainees and to show how the context of training can be optimally transformed into an ethical choreography and crafting of the self of the developing therapist.

Interactive Lecture: AD/HD

STUDENTS WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER (AD/HD) Maria Dereka , Teacher in special education, 5th Primary School in P. Faliro, Athens, Greece

AD/HD is a condition to describe children and adults whose level of inattention, impulsiveness and/or hyperactive behavior is such to interfere with their daily functioning. The extent to which the condition can affect the life of a child and his family can be great. So, the main characteristics of this disorder are a significant level of inattention, impulsiveness and hyperactivity. It is very important to make clear that there are three types of children that belong to the described disorder. There are children who show more characteristics of inattention than hyperactivity-impulsiveness. The AD/HD Inattentive – type shows a greater amount of inattention and has greater difficulty with memory and with perceptual – motor speed than their Hyperactive-impulsive counterparts. They are cognitively slower, more prone to daydreaming and more socially withdrawn. In the second type belong the children who have more characteristics of Hyperactivity –impulsiveness, and in the third type belong the children who have both kinds of problem. In Britain the proportion of children with the disorder is about 5% and it is generally agreed that the condition is much more common in boys than in girls (ratios 6:1 to 3:1) Sometimes, as parents or as teachers confuse a very lively child with a child with the described disorder. We use to call him/her as hyperactive. One main difference concerns the child’s ability and level of control of his motor movement according to the social situation. In the following presentation, we are going to refer the signs and symptoms of AD/HD, the causes of it, and ways of coping at school and home.

Interactive Lecture ECONOMIC CRISIS AND MENTAL HEALTH: SYSTEMIC ANSWERS IN A SYSTEMIC DEAD-END Freris G.¹ Spirou Stella² Child Psychiatrist, D / Director of ‘’ESY’’ ¹Mental Health Center, SWTIRIA, Athens, Greece ²Psychologist, Mitilini, Greece

Κατά τον Π.Ο.Υ. η ψυχική υγεία είναι συνυφασμένη με την ικανότητα του ατόμου να δημιουργεί κοινωνικούς δεσμούς, να αντιμετωπίζει αντιξοότητες της καθημερινότητας και να μπορεί να επενδύει στο μέλλον. Η αύξηση της ανεργίας, ο φόβος της απόλυσης από την εργασία, η δυσμενής μεταβολή των εργασιακών σχέσεων και η μείωση του εισοδήματος συνδέονται άμεσα με την οικονομική κρίση και την ψυχική υγεία. Γίνεται μια ανασκόπηση των οικονομικών κρίσεων παγκοσμίως τις τελευταίες δεκαετίες και των επιπτώσεων τους 1 ον) στην ψυχική υγεία (άγχος, κατάθλιψη, κατάχρηση ουσιών, αυτοκτονία, αντικοινωνική συμπεριφορά, διακοπή ψυχιατρικής παρακολούθησης), και 2ον) στη σωματική υγεία (α. αύξηση θνησιμότητας λόγω καρδιαγγειακά νοσήματα, ηπατική νόσου, αυτοκτονίες, ανθρωποκτονίες, β. οργανικές βλάβες παιδιών, υποσιτισμό και βρεφική θνησιμότητα). Η οικονομική κρίση, με όρους συστημικής θεώρησης, «προσπαθεί» μέσα από ομοιοστατικούς μηχανισμούς και προκαλέσει αναστρέψιμες διαδικασίες με στόχο την επαναφορά σε μια πρότερη προβληματική, προβλέψιμη, παθογενή κατάσταση. Η Φυσική όμως των διαδικασιών μακρά της ισορροπίας και οι συνέπειές της (αυτοοργάνωση, δομές έκλυσης, μη αναστρεψιμότητα) αναγόμενες στις κοινωνικές επιστήμες (οργάνωση νέων κοινωνικών ισορροπιών και κοινωνικής συνοχής μέσα από την οικονομική κρίση), δυνητικά μπορούν να ανατρέψουν την αναμενόμενη πρόβλεψη μιας αρνητικής εξέλιξης, οποιασδήποτε οικονομικής κρίσης: νέες δομές θα αναπτυχθούν, νέα συστήματα θα αυτοοργανωθούν, και το μέλλον όχι μόνο δεν θα είναι προκαθορισμένο, προβλέψιμο, παγκοσμοποιημένο, αλλά η συμπεριφορά σε ατομικό επίπεδο θα αποτελεί πάντα καθοριστικό παράγοντα της εξέλιξης του ανθρώπινου είδους.

SYMPOSIUM

Symposium : SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND SLEEP DISORDERS

.AUDITORY LANGUAGE PERFORMANCE IN SLEEP-DEPRIVED NATIVE ENGLISH AND NON-NATIVE ENGLISH SPEAKERS Prof. June J. Pilcher¹, Kristen Jennings ¹Alumni Distinguished Professor, Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA

Introduction and Aim Disrupted sleep is a stressful condition that has negative effects on performance. The purpose of the current study was to examine how sleep deprivation affects dual-task auditory performance in native and non-native English speakers. Methods Participants included 29 native English speakers (20 males, 9 females) and 33 non-native English speakers (22 males, 11 females). All participants completed the Clemson Audio Task four times during one night of sleep deprivation (6:30-10:30pm, 11-3am, 3:30-7:30am and 8-12pm). They listened to four audio passages and summarized the 3 main points while responding to specific keywords. The task took 25 minutes to complete. Results: A 2-way ANOVA comparing the native to non-native English speakers found no differences in performance. Repeated-measures ANOVA on the combined group (N=62) found a significant decrease in performance on summarizing the 3 main points across the night. Repeated-measures ANOVAs showed significant decreases in the number of keywords correctly identified but no significant change in the number of false alarms. DiscussionThese findings suggest that non-native English speakers are not differentially affected by sleep deprivation on a dual-processing auditory task. However, all participants performed worse on summarizing the main points and in identifying keywords.

CONTROLLED ATTENTION AND SELF-REGULATION IN SLEEP DEPRIVATION CONDITIONS June J. Pilcher, Ph.D., Holly A Geldhauser, J. Adam Beeco, and Tracy A. Lindquist Department of Psychology, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA Introduction and Aim Sleep deprivation negatively affects some performance skills. The purpose of the current study was to examine how the effects of sleep deprivation can be explained through models of attention and self-regulation. Methods Participants included 26 sleep-deprived students (14 males, 12 females) and 23 non-sleep deprived students (8 males, 15 females). All participants completed 5 short tasks requiring motor or cognitive processing (two-hand tapping, math processing, code substitution, grammatical reasoning, memory search) 5 times during one night of sleep deprivation and two days of non-sleep deprivation, respectively. The tasks took approximately 8 minutes to complete. Results MANOVAs comparing the first half of the night to the second half of the night in the sleep deprivation study found a significant decrease in two- hand tapping and in memory search. MANOVAs comparing the first day to the second day of the non-sleep deprivation study found a significant improvement in grammatical reasoning. Discussion These findings support previous research showing mixed results on performance under sleep deprivation conditions. The ability of an individual to muster the necessary attention and to regulate the use of attention could be an underlying mechanism that will help explain the effects of sleep deprivation.

THE CAPRICIOUS RELATIONSHIP SHARED BY SLEEP DISORDERS AND DEPRESSION: SEARCHING FOR CAUSAL PRIMACY Pennie S. Seibert, PhD1,2 Christian G. Zimmerman, MD1 Fred P. Grimsley, RSPGT CRT1 ¹Physician Research Services at Saint Alphonsus Regional Medical Center,²Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA Introduction: Depression is pervasive throughout the world and is often associated with sleep disorders (SDs). Both disorders compromise cognition, emotional well-being, and general health. The extent of these relationships has not been clearly ascertained because of significant rates of under or inadequate diagnoses along with a multitude of intervening variables associated with disease symptomatology. Investigations are further constrained by difficulty in acquiring valid data from people whose diagnoses have included complete nocturnal polysomnography (NP) and multiple sleep latency tests (MSLT). Method: We constructed an 111-item questionnaire to use in conjunction with NPS, MSLT, the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and medical chart reviews of people referred for evaluation of SDs. Results: We analyzed data from 620 people diagnosed with SDs (280 female, 340 males). Of these, 353 had a history of depression. Analyses of the depression versus no depression groups revealed numerous differences. For example, people with depression had higher rates of BMI, ESS total, time to fall asleep, stage 1 sleep, and spent less time in REM. The depression group was also more likely to have: choking sensations, breathing with mouth open, arm/leg jerks, sleep talking, difficulty waking, grinding teeth, nightmares, screaming awakenings, bizarre dreams, awakening feeling paralyzed, difficulty concentrating, memory problems, stress, anxiety, irritability, headaches, ADD/ADHD, diabetes, and to be diagnosed with abnormal sleep architecture and primary snoring. Discussion: SD’s and depression are associated with prolific health problems. We hope identification of the complex relationship shared by these disorders will contribute to facilitating prevention, early diagnosis, and effective treatment modalities.

SYMPOSIUM : THE HEALTHY BODIES AND HEALTHY MINDS PROGRAM: EMPOWERING CHILDREN TO MAKE CHANGES Chair: Prof. H. V.Bateman Prof. Helen Vrailas Bateman¹, Sloane Previdi², Dylan Orlandy, & Allison Steward , The Development and Community Research Group (DCRG) ¹Associate Professor and Chair, Department of Psychology, University of the South Sewanee, U.S.A ²Department of Psychology, University of the South Sewanee, U.S.A The incidents of childhood obesity are increasing at an alarming rate in many industrialized and developing societies. Childhood obesity has been found to have a detrimental effect on many aspects of children’s development. Such negative effects include the alarming increase of various physical ailments such as diabetes, heart disease, skeletal problems, and asthma. In terms of social, emotional, and cognitive development, children who are obese are less likely to be socially accepted, are more likely to be bullied, more likely to suffer from low self-esteem, and less likely to excel academically. The Healthy Bodies and Healthy Minds Program (HB&HM) was created with the goal of battling childhood obesity by providing school-age children with: a) information about proper nutrition, b) tools with which they can make healthier food choices, c) an increased awareness of the importance of exercise for sustaining good health. This year HB&HM added a new component to our existing program in which school-age children are given the tools to change their favorite family recipes to healthier versions. Preliminary data suggest that the new program component is very sucessful and that children rapidly develop expertise in this area by using the tools that HB&HM has given them Symposium

THE THERAPEUTIC USE OF PHOTOGRAPHY IN MENTAL HEALTH TREATMENT. Prof. Vaughn DeCoster, Sevena Lewis, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, USA Introduction & Aim. Photography has a history as an emotionally powerful means of expressing human experiences. Since the 1970s, mental health professionals recognized the potential of this medium as a therapeutic tool. This study provides translational research to inform mental health providers by systematically identifying and ranking “best-practices” for all forms of therapeutic uses of photography. Methods. Researchers did a comprehensive literature review, analyzing intervention protocols and rating scientific evaluations using the Methodological Quality Rating Scale (MQRS). Results. Initial searches identified 1,185 articles in scholarly peer-reviewed journals. Further analysis focused on therapeutic intent reduced the potential articles to 217, eliminating redundancy and review-only publications produced a final list of 104. Researchers classified articles into three categories: photo art-therapy, therapeutic photography, and phototherapy. Scholarship in these areas focused mostly on “provider- directed” interventions and less on “client-directed” therapeutic experiences, offering single-subject case studies as opposed to experimental designs. Discussion. The literature conveys the strength of photographic-interventions, yet the predominance of qualitative outcome studies limits the empirical evidence to support broader usage in mental health professions. Nonetheless, qualitative evaluations are fitting for an emerging intervention, leaving tremendous opportunities for scholar-clinicians to advance the scientific rigor for the therapeutic use of photography.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF CONFLICT IN THE TALES OF MYSTIC POEMS OF ATTAR NEYSHABURI'S THE CONFERENCE OF THE BIRDS BASED ON THEMATIC APPRECIATION TEST (TAT)) Somayeh Khosravi Khorashad¹ , Azadeh Abbasikangevari¹, Reza Yavarian² ¹M.A Islamic Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, IRAN ² Azad University, Faculty of Languages, Department of English, IRAN

One of the greatest mystical poems in the world is The Conference of the Birds by the Iranian author and poet that about whose life very little is known. This study psychologically analyzes 191 tales from The Conference of the Birds on the basis of Thematic Appreciation Test (TAT) and with analytical-descriptive methods. Understanding Attar and the structure of different kinds of conflict in The Conference of the Birds according to TAT are the objectives which will have a new attitude towards humanitarian approach in psychology. The tales are psychologically analyzed in two aspects of content and form. Exposition and affiliation were of the most distinguished needs. Among the most prominent of the pressures one can mention the affliction and uncongenial environment. The statistics gained from needs and pressures indicate that the stages of mysticism meaningfully result in deduction of different kinds of conflicts. Interaction of needs and pressures leads to the self-recognition theme. Eventually, Attar's humanitarian approach to life is presented.

NARRATIVE DRAWING AS A WAY OF EXPLORING CHILDREN’S EXPRESSION OF EMOTIONAL (DIS) CONNECTEDNESS. C. de Beer , Lecturer K. Modutla Psychology Department University of South Africa,Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA

The purpose of this study was to explore children’s emotional (dis)connectedness through narrative drawing. There is minimal research that presents children’s unique voices and perspectives. The aim of this study was to capture the participant’s different experiences from their perspectives. Social constructivism is the research paradigm on which this study was grounded as it provided a context were children were regarded as being the experts of their own experiences. The themes of eight participants, boys and girls from diverse cultural backgrounds between the age of 6 and 12 years, were explored. The emphasis was on their narratives in relation to their drawings, which were explored through a process of narrative inquiry. Thematic Content Analysis was used to interpret the overall themes. The most prominent themes in relation to emotional (dis)connectedness were loss, belonging, rejection, loneliness, social isolation, emotional deprivation, emotional distance, emotional closeness, and interpersonal connection through play. The findings of this study indicated that the combination of narratives and drawings were a valuable tool in acquiring richer and more descriptive narratives of children’s in relation to emotional (dis)connectedness. The children’s authentic voices that were captured in this study will be a valuable contribution to the existing body of literature. Key terms: Children, Emerging themes, Emotional Connectedness, Emotional Disconnectedness, Expression, Narrative drawing, Social Constructivism.

DRAMATIC STORYTELLING (PLAY) AS A THERAPEUTIC TOOL WITH TRAUMATISED CHILDREN IN A SAFE HOUSE C. de Beer , W. Solloman, Lecturer K. Modutla Psychology Department University of South Africa,Pretoria, SOUTH AFRICA Dramatic storytelling, in the form of a play, was used as a therapeutic intervention to assist traumatised boys in their process of healing. The boys were placed in a safe house, as they came from different African countries and most of them were estranged from family members. The play was written to provide a safe context for them where they could confront painful past memories. The authors and a caregiver at the placement wrote the play based on the stories told by the caregivers and children. The authors will share their reflections on the playwriting process. It appeared as though the play was relevant to the children’s previous experiences, and the characters attributes positively resonated with them. The play assisted the children in discovering their own identity. Even though the play provoked past memories, it was found to be a less intimidating therapeutic tool. Through this therapeutic process the children discovered that they had a role and place of belonging, as they had an opportunity to participate in the play. Through the play their stories could be heard. The ending of the play was one of hope and new beginnings. Key terms: Boys, Dramatic Storytelling, Identity, New beginnings, Painful Past memories, Reflections, Traumatic experiences, Therapeutic Tool, Voice, Play

CULTURALLY RESPONSIVE MENTAL HEALTH EDUCATION AND INTERVENTION IN GUATEMALA Lucia Neander¹, Director Thomas Grauman² ¹Psychology Honours Student, Mount Allison University, Sackville New Brunswick, CANADA and Tula Foundation Volunteer, GUATEMALA ²Executive Director Columbia Centre Society, Community Mental Health Services, Nanaimo British Columbia and Pueblo Partisans, GUATEMALA

The Guatemalan health care system is reflective of the dominant sectors of society and therefore not responsive to diversity (ethnic, economic, social and religious). Programs, which incorporate cultural responsiveness and collectivism to promote mental health, are vital for success. Furthermore, programs need to address the local context and social network to support sustainability and human resource development. The education of Nurses and other health professionals should incorporate culturally responsive knowledge and tools for stress management and suicide prevention. Our presentation includes an overview of research conducted to develop culturally responsive educational knowledge and tools for stress management and suicide prevention.. Results of focus group and individual open ended questionnaires completed by health professionals, health science students and seminarians provide the evidence for the development of workshops and tools for health professionals. Examples of the culturally responsive workshops created for mental health promotion , stress management and suicide prevention will be included in the presentation.

Symposium ADHD-Autism Updates ASSESSMENT OF EXECUTIVE FUNCTION AND VISUAL MEMORY IN DRUG-NAÏVE CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION-DEFICIT DISORDER Roheila Seyed Tabaii ¹, Mehdi Tehranidust², ¹psychologist, ²Professor, Teheran IRAN

Introduction and aim: In the two subgroups of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), CT (Combined Type) and PI (Permanently Inattentive) , different cognitive functions have been proved to be seen. Although Studies have shown that children with ADHD have deficits in Executive Function (EF) and Visual Memory, no studies have been done on PI subtype, known as Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). Because of the different cognitive functions of PI and CT children, the aim of this study was to assess Executive Function and Visual Memory in ADD children. Methods: We compared neuropsychological performance of 20 children aged 6-11 years with ADD with 20 normal children without ADD. Neuropsychological performance was assessed with test taken from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB). Results: ADD patients had no impairment on PRM, SRM, DMS, SWM, IED, SSP, compared to normal children.But had difficulties on SOC and PAL tests. Discussion: ADD patients had no impairment on visual evaluating tests (PRM, SRM, DMS) except for PAL, which shows that ADD patients do not have visual memory problems. The difficulties on PAL test may be because of the diffects on the new learning in these patients. ADD patients had no impairment on visual executive function evaluating tests (SWM, IED, SSP), but had difficulties on planning (SOC). Key Words: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, Attention Deficit Disorder, Executive Function, Visual Memory

PRENATAL RISK FACTORS IN ADHD CHILDREN: A CASE-CONTROL STUDY Aisan Ghaemian Oskouei, Salman Abdi Psychology PhD student at Brunel University ,London, UK Background: In spite of the high prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), etiologic studies have not yet identified the cause of ADHD. This survey was carried out through investigating factors which influence the risk of maternal ADHD. Methods: In the case-control study of 164 ADHD children referred to child and adolescent psychiatric clinic of Tabriz ( Iran) University of Medical Sciences with 166 normal children through cluster random sampling, were selected. These groups were matched for age. Diagnostic criteria for ADHD according to DSM-IV-IR were done by clinical psychiatric interview and parents rating scale form. In order to exclude other mental disorders and choose healthy group, the clinical diagnostic interview was applied based on K-SADS. Both groups namely, case and control groups which may affect mental ADHD were compared. The findings were analyzed based on statistical T- test, Fisher exact test and logistic regression. Results: There were not significantly differences through the mean age of mothers of ADHD children during pregnancy with control group .Also, the frequency of pregnancy botulism and accidents were not significantly different between the two groups. Furthermore, during pregnancy, ADHD children’s mothers were more reported to have frequent exposure to alcohol, (5Vr 4) and psychiatric disorder (27Vr 2) than the control group. These mentioned factors were significant prenatal predictors to ADHD in children. Conclusion: According to this preliminary- study, it maybe concluded that the exposure to alcohol and maternal psychiatric disorder are contributing risk factors behind ADHD.

CRIMINAL AUTISTIC PSYCHOPATHY Prof.M.Fitzgerald, Dept.of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, IRELAND This paper will examine Criminal Autistic Psychopathy. The vast majority of persons with autism and Asperger’s syndrome are highly ethical. A tiny minority who end up in prison or in criminal activities not leading to prison have major empathy and interpersonal difficulties. These can lead to fatal acts of aggression. This paper focuses on differential diagnosis, neuropsychology, neurochemistry, and neuroimagers studies of this very serious and important condition even though it is rare.

Schizophrenia and Autism – Overlap and Difference Prof.M.Fitzgerald, Dept.of Psychiatry, Trinity College, Dublin, IRELAND Objectives: This paper aims to examine the overlap and differences between Schizophrenia and Autistic conditions which were seen in the past as separate categories. Method: This paper will include clinical features, developmental histories, genetic findings, brain findings and treatment approaches. Results: Results will show considerable overlap including Bleuler’s four key symptoms of Schizophrenia, as well as language, social interactions, non-verbal deficits, genetic overlaps, some overlap in neuro-imaging and treatment. Unique features also occur in the clinical area – more bizarre delusions in Schizophrenia and less severe theory of mind difficulties in schizophrenia, neuro-imaging differences, age of onset differences, common and different aetiologies will also be discussed.

Symposium ADOLESCENCE

IDENTITY FORMATION OF ADOLESCENTS IN RELATION WITH THEIR SELF ESTEEM AND THE PSYCHODYNAMICS DIMENSIONS OF THEIR FAMILY Ch. Pischos, Psychologist - Family Psychotherapist, "Sinaisthisi", Psychological Centre, Athens, GREECE. The theory of James Marcia for four types of identity takes on the teen, gives a strong direction for the type of the future adult. In this diverse evolutionary stage, the adolescent self-esteem comes not only from personal experience and self-image, but also from the judgments and attitudes towards other tou.Taftochrona, the influence of family environment at this critical views from all age phase, is undeniable. The parent-adolescent relationships are largely determined by psychological factors that differentiate the psychological climate of the family. The purpose of this research is to investigate through a sample of 102 adolescents (16-17 years), that these two important factors, self-esteem and psychodynamic dimensions of the family, related to the emergence of teenager, as defined by James Marcia. H method used was the collective administration of questionnaires at the department level with voluntary participation of students, anonymously. The results showed that self-esteem and psychodynamic dimensions of family influence adolescent interpersonal identity and ideologically, through a variety of emerging expressions.

ADOLESCENT SUICIDAL IDEATION: A COMPARITIVE STUDY OF PSYCHOSOCIAL VARIABLES IN A SAMPLE OF SOUTH AFRICAN ADOLESCENTS Mr E.D. du Plessis¹, Dr H.S. van den Berg Department of Psychiatry¹, Department of Psychology², University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, SOUTH AFRICA The lives of adolescents have drastically changed during the twenty first century and they need to cope with complex stressors. The use of effective coping strategies plays an important role in determining the health and wellbeing of adolescents. This study investigated the nature of stressors, as well as coping strategies utilized by a group of South African adolescents.

A cross-sectional design including a correlational design was used. A random, stratified sample of 1033 secondary school learners was gathered from urban and rural schools. Questionnaires used in this study included: the Reynolds’s Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire, the Life Stressors and Social Resources Inventory, Youth Form, the Coping Orientations to the Problems Experienced Questionnaire. Results indicate that the participants, as a whole, experience similar stressors, with the exception of a few and use dysfunctional coping more frequently. Comparing White, Black and Mixed Race participants, a significant difference were found in their level of suicidal ideation (White X 23.84, SD 32.04; Black X 35.12, SD 39.39; Mixed Race X 47.85, SD 47.12). Significant differences were found with regard to financial stressors (>Black group) and relationship stressors (>Black group). Black participants reported more frequent use of dysfunctional coping strategies (such as denial and mental disengagement) (1% significance level).

FATHER ABSENCE AND DIPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS IN ADOLESCENT GIRLS FROM A UK COHORT Iryna Culpin, Prof. R. Araya, Dr. C. Joinson, R. Melotti, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, UK Introduction:Previous studies suggest a link between childhood family structure and risk of depression in adolescence, but few have prospectively examined the effects of father absence on occurrence of depressive symptoms. Aims:To examine whether girls from father absent homes are at higher risk of developing depressive symptoms at age 14 years. Method:The study sample comprised 4,334 girls from the UK-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children who had data on father absence occurring from birth to age 10 years, levels of depressive symptoms, and prospectively measured confounders relating to socio-economic disadvantage, maternal characteristics and marital conflict in early and middle childhood. The association between father absence and depressive symptoms was examined by fitting binary logistic regression models. Results:Father absence in early childhood (0 – 5 years) was independently associated with increased risks of depressive symptoms at 14 years after adjusting for confounding factors. Conversely, father absence in middle childhood (5 – 10 years) was not associated with depressive symptoms in adolescent girls aged 14 years. Discussion Early exposure to father absence is associated with increased levels of depressive symptoms in mid-adolescence, independent of adverse socioeconomic and familial circumstances preceding family dissolution. Family-based early prevention and intervention programmes could target young girls at risk.

SYMPOSIUM: CONFRONTING DIFFERENT SITUATIONS IN EVERYDAY CLINICAL PRACTICE (GREEK SESSIONS)

ROUND TABLE 1 OPEN CALL IN THE BIGEST PSYCHIATRIC HOSPITAL IN GREECE 1. Risks and problems the psychiatrist is facing during an open call Petsas Dimitrios, Psychiatrist, Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni,Greece 2. The importance of the work and role of the psychiatric nurse in the Emergency Department Rizavas Ioannis - Psychiatric Nurse, Emergency Department, Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni, Greece 3. Ethical rules and considerations – prerequisites of normal psychiatric open call functioning Tsopelas Christos - Psychiatrist, Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni, Greece

Οι απαραίτητες προϋποθέσεις ανταπόκρισης στις απαιτήσεις του προγράμματος ανοικτής εφημερίας στο Ψυχιατρικό Νοσοκομείο Αττικής – Δαφνί, δεν περιορίζονται στην επίγνωση και μόνο του θεωρητικού σκέλους της Ψυχιατρικής επιστήμης. Σε κάθε εφημερία εμφανίζονται πολυποίκιλοι κίνδυνοι και προβλήματα. Απαιτείται υψηλή προσαρμοστικότητα, ικανότητα επίλυσης προβλημάτων, αλλά και συνεχής εγρήγορση. Ιδιαίτερα αυτή επιβάλλεται λόγω των βαρύτατων περιστατικών που διακομίζονται στο Ψ.Ν.Α. Δαφνί, με συχνά βαρύτατη παραγωγικού τύπου συμπτωματολογία και συνοδό ψυχοκινητική διέγερση, αλλά και λόγω βίαιων εκδηλώσεων παρορμητικού τύπου σε άτομα χωρίς προφανή επιθετικότητα. Η γενικότερη συμμετοχή και στάση των συγγενικών προσώπων στην όλη διαδικασία ή από την άλλη η απουσία τους, η ανυπαρξία πληροφοριών για εξετάζοντα που διακομίζεται από αστυνομικούς, που με τη σειρά τους δε γνωρίζουν τίποτα για το περιστατικό, η μεταφορά από το ΕΚΑΒ ή από συγγενείς, ατόμων που δε χρήζουν ακούσιας νοσηλείας, αλλά εγκαταλείπονται στο εφημερείο, η επιβολή τηλεφωνικά από τον εισαγγελέα, ακούσιας εξέταση ΄΄προσαχθέντος΄΄ ατόμου από την Αστυνομία, με την απειλή της σύλληψης του ψυχιάτρου σε περίπτωση άρνησης εξέτασης, η διακομιδή στο Ψ.Ν.Α., με βαρύτατη παθολογικού ή χειρουργικού τύπου εικόνα, ατόμων με ψυχιατρικό ιστορικό μόνο και μόνο γιατί είναι ψυχικά ασθενείς, είναι κάποια από τα θέματα που θα συζητηθούν. Σε ένα τέτοιο πλαίσιο καταλυτικός είναι ο ρόλος του νοσηλευτικού προσωπικού, που αναλαμβάνει ένα εξαιρετικά σημαντικό μέρος του συνολικά επωμιζόμενου ψυχικού και σωματικού φόρτου, σε κάποιες περιπτώσεις (π.χ. προστατευτικός κλινοστατισμός) ακόμη και του μεγαλύτερου. Ο στόχος της επιτυχούς διαχείρισης των καταστάσεων δε μπορεί να επιτευχθεί εκτός πλαισίου τήρησης των κανόνων δεοντολογίας, κάτι που πρέπει να αφορά το σύνολο των εμπλεκόμενων σε θέματα – και όχι μόνο των επαγγελματιών - ψυχικής υγείας

ROUND TABLE 2 THE IMPORTANCE OF CARDIOLOGY FACTOR IN THE COURSE AND OUTCOME OF PSYCHIATRIC DISEASE 1. Cardiovascular risk in chronic psychiatric patients Petsa Iulia - Irina, Cardiologist, Intensive Care Unit General Hospital ΄΄G. Gennimatas΄΄, Greece 2. Depression and anxiety as factors of heart disease manifestation and/or deterioration Petsas Dimitrios, Psychiatrist, Psychiatric Hospital of Attica - Dafni 3. Psychocardiology and rehabilitation programs in post-infarct patients Diakoumopoulou Anastasia - Resident in Psychiatry, Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni, Greece

Οι ασθενείς πού πάσχουν από ψύχωση έχουν εμφανώς και αποδεδειγμένα, βάσει κλινικών μελετών, αυξημένο κίνδυνο θανάτου από καρδιαγγειακό νόσημα. Η χρήση των άτυπων αντιψυχωτικών μείωσε αισθητά τον κίνδυνο εμφάνισης των γνωστών ανεπιθύμητων ενεργειών των κλασικών αντιψυχωτικών, όμως συνδέθηκε με πρόκληση μεταβολικού συνδρόμου, σακχαρώδους διαβήτη και δυσλιπιδαιμίας, που αποτελούν βασικούς παράγοντες πρόκλησης στεφανιαίας νόσου. Σε συνδυασμό με τη μειωμένη αυτοφροντίδα, την κακή διατροφή, τον περιορισμό της άσκησης και τη μεγάλη κατανάλωση καπνού προκύπτει ένα προφίλ, που δικαιολογεί τη μείωση του μέσου όρου ζωής κατά 15 – 25 χρόνια σε σχέση με το γενικό πληθυσμό. Αλλά και στο επίπεδο των καταθλιπτικών - αγχωδών εκδηλώσεων, έχει καταστεί σαφές ότι υπάρχει ανάλογη συσχέτιση, καθώς στα άτομα αυτά υπάρχει αυξημένος κίνδυνος εμφάνισης καρδιακής νόσου, αλλά και αντίστροφα, άτομα που εμφανίζουν καρδιακή νόσο ή καρδιακό επεισόδιο εμφανίζουν αντιδραστικά – και ίσως όχι μόνο - εκ των υστέρων συμπτώματα άγχους και κατάθλιψης. Η συνεχής ανατροφοδότηση αυτού του ατέρμονου κύκλου καθιστά λιγότερο ή περισσότερο, αλλά σίγουρα δυσμενή την πρόγνωση. Διεθνώς εφαρμόζονται προγράμματα αποκατάστασης και ψυχοκαρδιολογίας με στόχο τον περιορισμό των επιμέρους παραγόντων κινδύνου. Στη στρογγυλή τράπεζα γίνεται περιγραφή ενός τέτοιου προγράμματος, που λειτούργησε πιλοτικά και το οποίο περιελάμβανε, μεταξύ άλλων, καρδιοεκπαίδευση, ατομικές συνεδρίες με ψυχίατρο και ψυχολόγο, ομαδική θεραπεία σε group καρδιοπαθών, ενημέρωση των οικογενειών και οικογενειακές συνεδρίες.

ROUND TABLE 3 UNPLEASANT ANNOUNCEMENTS MADE BY THE PHYSICIAN TO THE PATIENTS AND / OR THEIR RELATIVES

1. The announcement of life threatening disease by the doctor Petsas Dimitrios, Psychiatrist - Consultant B, Psychiatric Hospital of Attica – Dafni, GREECE 2. Communication between doctor and hospitalized patients’ relatives in Intensive Care Unit Petsa Iulia - Irina, Cardiologist, Intensive Care Unit General Hospital ΄΄G. Gennimatas΄΄, GREECE 3. Brain death and transplant - meeting point of medicine, bioethics and legislation Tsopelas Christos - Psychiatrist, Psychiatric Hospital of Attica - Dafni , GREECE Ο νοσοκομειακός χώρος ενσαρκώνει το πλαίσιο εντός του οποίου λαμβάνουν χώρα σημαντικές ανακοινώσεις προς ασθενείς ή/και τους συγγενείς τους και οι οποίες συχνά, δυστυχώς, αφορούν σε βαρύτατα νοσήματα, που επιφέρουν σημαντικό βαθμό αναπηρίας, είναι άλλοτε λιγότερο ή περισσότερο απειλητικά για τη ζωή ή αφορούν στον ίδιο το θάνατο. Τα ποσοτικά και ποιοτικά χαρακτηριστικά του τρόπου ανακοίνωσης του δυσάρεστου νέου επηρεάζουν σε σημαντικό βαθμό τις αντιδράσεις αυτών, που δέχονται την πληροφόρηση. Ο απόλυτος σεβασμός είναι στοιχείο, που εκφράζεται μέσα και από την τήρηση συγκεκριμένων κανόνων. Ανάλογα με την περίπτωση, συχνά προκύπτουν έντονα διλλήματα, στα οποία καλούνται να δώσουν απάντηση κάποτε οι συγγενείς, άλλες φορές ο ίδιος ο ασθενής και όχι σπάνια ο ίδιος ο θεράπων. Στις Μονάδες Εντατικής Θεραπείας τα διλλήματα και τα συναισθήματα μεγενθύνονται και διακινούνται κατά τρόπο δυναμικό. Σπάνια επαγγελματίες υγείας είναι εκπαιδευμένοι στην αντιμετώπιση τέτοιων καταστάσεων, σχεδόν ποτέ οι συγγενείς του νοσηλευόμενου δεν έχουν προετοιμαστεί για αυτό που καλούνται να αντιμετωπίσουν. Η ειλικρινής και καλή επικοινωνία ανάμεσα στο προσωπικό και τους συγγενείς δεν περιορίζεται στη στυγνή και στεγνή παροχή και λήψη πληροφοριών. Γιατί πρόκειται για μια επικοινωνία - σχέση καθοριστικής σημασίας. Παρά, όμως, το γενικότερο κλίμα, η μεγάλη πλειοψηφία των ασθενών της ΜΕΘ επιβιώνει. Στην αντίθετη περίπτωση, ιδιαίτερα όταν τίθεται η διάγνωση του εγκεφαλικού θανάτου και ταυτόχρονα το ζήτημα της ενδεχόμενης δωρεάς οργάνων για μεταμόσχευση, δοκιμάζονται οι ψυχικές αντοχές όλων και κυρίως των συγγενών. Τις στιγμές αυτές το ιατρικό προσωπικό καλείται να επιβεβαιώσει κατά τον πλέον επιστημονικό τρόπο και πέραν πάσης αμφιβολίας τη διάγνωση αυτή και οι συγγενείς να επιλέξουν υπό το βάρος υπέρτατης συναισθηματικής φόρτισης. Εγείρονται, επίσης, ζητήματα (βιο)ηθικής (με συχνά αντικρουόμενες απόψεις), αλλά και θέματα αυστηρής τήρησης νομικών διαδικασιών.

IMPLICIT AND EXPLICIT ATTITUDES OF PROFESSIONAL CAREGIVERS TOWARD SEXUALITY OF DISABLED USERS Fabio Meloni ¹,Prof. Stefano Federici² ¹Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, ITALY ²Department of Human Science and Education, University of Perugia, ITALY Introduction and Aim. Although many Western countries show a growing interest in the inclusion of the issue of sexuality in the training on disability for professional caregivers, many of the practitioners neglect the issue or devalue themselves as incompetent or revealing the prevalence of strong prejudice. Between 2009 and 2010 authors were granted by the Italian Umbria Region a research-intervention project on sexuality and disability in order to reduce the social and cultural barriers that hinder the sex lives of disabled people. Method. One hundred subjects were involved in the project and experimental data were collected from 80 subjects. Participants answered questionnaires to detect both explicit attitudes and stereotypes, and three versions of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) to detect implicit attitudes on sexuality and disability. Results. The IAT’s findings confirm the hypothesis of a discrepancy between implicit and explicit attitudes, showing a greater practitioners’ implicit prejudice to the expression of sexuality of disabled people. Conclusions. The research confirms what has been found in previous studies—the need for greater attention in the training of professional caregivers toward the sexuality of people with disabilities.

COGNITIVE CONSTRAINTS UNDERLYING MODELS OF DISABILITY: A NEW PARADIGM IN DISABILITY STUDY Pr. Stefano Federici 1, Fabio Meloni2 ¹ Department of Human Science and Education, University of Perugia, ITALY ² Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, ITALY Introduction and aim: Studies on the models of disability have been conducted almost exclusively within a sociological perspective. The authors have carried out studies aimed at verifying whether the disability models are attributable not only to contextual variables but also to universal and species-specific human cognitive constraints. The purpose is the implementation of three paradigms in order to investigate three experimental objectives: (i) the strength of the implicit association built on two disability models, the medical and the social; (ii) how much of a particular disability model believed by an individual is related to environment; (iii) the functioning of the cognitive mechanism related to the medical model. Method: Development of a logical design of a research paradigm on disability study. Results: Three experimental paradigms are analytically presented aiming at: (i) identifying which of the two models can be traced to implicit associations characterized by the greater predictive power with respect to beliefs on disability; (ii) checking the assumptions about the non- contextual features of disability models; (iii) investigating the mental architecture of cognitive processes underlying the models of disability. Conclusion: The authors wish the three paradigms to be subjected to experimental examination by the scientific community.

BETWEEN INCLUSION AND INTEGRATION OF DISABLED STUDENTS AMONG ITALIAN SCHOOLS Fabio Meloni ¹,Prof. Stefano Federici² ¹Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, ITALY ²Department of Human Science and Education, University of Perugia, ITALY Introduction and Aim. Based on the ten-year (2001-2010) report data by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research, the authors provide an analysis of the inclusion and integration processes of disabled students in the state and non-state Italian compulsory schools. The data, not yet officially published by the Ministry, were granted to the authors after their submission of a formal request to study and conduct scientific research. Method. Frequencies and correlational analyses were conducted. Results. From 1989 to 1999 the number of disabled people enrolled in Italian schools increased by 10,988 units. In the following decade (1999- 2010), the increase was 67,433 units. In 2010, from a total of 200,462 disabled students, 92% attend state schools, while only 8% attended other schools. Students with disabilities in both state and non-state schools are in greater numbers in the primary state school. Conclusions. Despite the long history of school integration that characterizes Italian legislation, which dates back to 1971, the inclusion process is still far from being considered as a complete disability integration. In addition, the number of female students with disabilities is markedly lower than that of males, showing females to be the most disadvantaged.

EARLY CHILDHOOD (ROUND TABLES A+B) :

ROUND TABLE A: PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL IMPLICATIONS a) BROWSING BOOKS IN PUBLIC OR IN PRIVATE. Representations of reading and the book as an object in education. Sidiropoulou Maria Phd Cand. Social Anthropology, University of the Aegean,Greece Reading as learning, cultural activity or entertainment is at the heart of the concept of literacy. Reading is a widespread and complex phenomenon, a mental act. Studies of this phenomenon have produced various theories in interdisciplinary spectrum. But is reading enjoyable? How do we behave when we read? Do we always read when we hold a book? Do readers have rights? And can a book cause different “readings”? Questions like those exploring certain perceptions and attitudes in the context of education. b) SAME SEX COUPLES: Α NEW FAMILY FORM" Melpomeni Schiza1 ,Dimitra Veroniki2 , Ioanna Kioussi2 ,Asimina Giannakopoulou2 1ΜSc Education,Research Fellow Early childhood Dpt. Technological Educational Institution, (TEI) of Athens, 2Teachers of Early childhood Education, GREECE In recent years homo sexual relationships are increasingly gaining acceptance and marriage has become more inclusive in many places, extending to same sex couples. Questions like if same sex marriage should be legalized and if same sex couples should be allowed to adopt are nowadays common. Although people's attitudes have changed and social acceptance has grown, many continue to express disdain for same sex parents, saying that homo sexuality is reason enough to keep someone away from a child. This research has been done to find out what Greek and Spanish parents think about same sex couples and their rights. Specifically, eighty parents, whose children attended kindergarten in Athens and twenty six Spanish, whose children attended kindergarten in Barcelona, accepted to complete a questionnaire of close and open-ended questions. We assumed that same sex-relationships would be less acceptable by parents from Greece. Results indicated that the sample of parents from Spain admitted that same sex parenting through adoption is becoming a reality. On the contrary, homosexuality is still stigmatized in Greece. The majority of parents believe that sexual orientation is in itself a criterion that negatively affects the quality of parenting. c) DISCUTION ABOUT WEANNING M.Nanouri, F. Nanouri ,3 S. Dimitriadi 1,3 MEd Education, 1Teacher of Early childhood Education, 2MEd Psychology3Lecturer at Department of Early Childhood Education (ECE), TEI of Athens, GREECE In nowadays weaning and all issues provided by its healthy or not stop of this procedure became inspirational source of many creators. Aronofskis’ “Black swan”, Almodovars’ “Todo para mia madre”, but also in literature “The brest” of Philip Roth, comment the issue of weaning. American poet Minerva Neiditz referres at Melanie Kleins’ work who observes that: “Little children envy their mothers breasts, they imagine they can get into them, and separate them of their good meaning. If Kleins’ words are trough not man y of us would raze such savages…!” In infants’ imagination breasts meaning separates in that which feeds (offers joy and satisfaction) and the other which denies nutrition. The last one in corporation with death instinct creates infants’ stress of elimination. The object (breast) is separated in good one and bad one. It is confirmed that at the end of a psychoanalytical procedure, past situations of desintrication such as weaning take place (Klein, 1950). Purpose of this study is studying the meaning and the importance of weaning. Its causality is defined within the observation of Spyros, a baby boy (45 days of life) and his relation reactions with his mother and the observer as well. There are comments about Spyros’ developmental stages in relation with the procedure of weaning in different times of his day (bath, feeding, sleeping, playing, etc). Key words: weaning, breast, depressive position. d)SPECIAL EDUCATION IN GREECE - POSSIBILITIES AND LIMITATIONS E. Mousena1, Prof. T. Sidiropoulou2 and A. Poulakida3 1. Preschool Advisor, Scientific collaborator A-TEI of Athens, GREECE 2. Assistant Professor of Psychopedagogics, Early childhood Dept. Technological Educational Institution (TEI) of Athens, GREECE 3. MEd Education, Research Fellow, Early Childhood Education (E.C.E.) Dept., TEI of Athens, GREECE

The international community, in its commitment to education for all, supports the creation of a school that operates on the principle of equivalence and effectiveness against the rights and needs of all children, regardless of sex, physical or mental ability, ethnicity and socio - economic level, with the ultimate aim of social integration and cohesion. The development of special education in Greece in recent decades is marked by the beginning of the transition from the margins of society to the heart of social and cultural life, by the professional development of special educators in parallel with the trend of integration of children with peculiarities in the general education and by the strengthening of the educational and supportive role of the family. Especially the current law for special education, Law 3699/2008, defined a framework for the bodies and the way they work together on how to integrate children with special features in respective educational contexts. However, despite the improvement in the quality of special education and the opportunities provided, serious problems and glitches have been marked by entities and specialists. The discussion of these and the submission of proposals can contribute to the dialogue between the scientific community and relevant bodies and lead to overcoming them significantly.

ROUND TABLE B:EDUCATIONAL PROJECT: MULTIFUNCTIONAL AND EVERY-DAY COMMUNICATION

a) CREATIVE WRITING: SYNTHETIC MAGES, NARRATIVE AND EXPRESSION Sidiropoulou Maria, Polyvaka Evangelia Phd Cand. Social Anthropology, University of the Aegean Med Education, Philosophy and Education, Aristoteleio University of Thessaloniki, GREECE Stories create different images to each reader, depending on his or her background. Stories are images. But images, in a way, are stories too. In this context, contemporary theoretical discussion about the importance of visual literacy is involved. Τhis paper attempts to connect artistic images and Creative Writing to explore the prospects of this combination in the classroom. The material that used for this purpose were collages. By designing a plan on writing with an emphasis on image, a wide range of possibilities in terms of creativity seems to open. b) THE SENSE OF THE “EGO” AND FINE ARTS IN THE CURRICULUM OF PRE-SCHOOL EDUCATION Constantina Tsaoula, lecturer, Technological Educational Institute of Athens Maria Dandouli, Elpida Zapartidou, Irini Kouzini, Graduates of the Pre-school Education Department of the Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Athens, GREECE The development and fortification of the “ego” takes place in the first years of life and therefore comprises a key theme of pre-school education theory and praxis. Fine arts, on the other hand, have penetrated the curricula of all educational levels as a favourite lieu realized with a range of techniques and actions. Our survey focuses on the organization, realization and recording of a series of artistic actions on portraiture, according to the principles of the various streams in art through the ages. The actions were accomplished over a period of several months with four-year children within the curriculum of three pre-school education/ nursery schools. c) METACOGNITIVE SKILLS OF FUTURE EDUCATORS T. Sidiropoulou, Assistant Professor of Psychopedagogics, Early childhood Dept.Technological Educational Institution (TEI) of Athens M. Sinani, Teachers of Early childhood Education, GREECE E. Nomikou, Teachers of Early childhood Education, GREECE E. Polyvaka, Med Education, Philosophy and Education, Aristoteleio University of Thessaloniki, GREECE

The concept of metacognition is related to awareness of the various processes involved in thinking. Understanding the phenomenon of metacognition appears in everyday cognitive processes involving the individual. Taking for granted the importance of metacognition in the e-portfolio for students, this study reveals the process of metacognition. Metacognition leads to: the evaluation, revision or deletion of tasks, objectives, strategies and discovering behavioral effects of metacognitive experiences. The importance of planning of metacognitive strategies monitoring the advancement of knowledge and regard to their use to control cognitive activities and ensure achievement of the cognitive objective.This paper attempts an investigation about the personal files of e-portfolio of students to determine if they develop metacognitive skills. More specifically clarifies the meaning of metacognition, what are the motives that lead the student to the process of reflection which is interrelated with the concept of collaborative learning. Keywords: metacognition, metacognitive strategies, skills, e-portfolio, reflection, collaborative learning. d)PHOTOGRAPHY AS A MEAN OF CAPTURING THE CHILD’S ACTIVITY FROM FUTURE EDUCATORS. Zerva, Maria (1,3), Moussena, Eleni (2), Mega, Anastasia (3,4 ), Makrogika, Evaggelia-Maria (4 ) 1. Special Technical Stuff (ETP) Early Childhood Dept. TEI of Athens, MSc., GREECE 2. PhD Education Policy, Scientific Collaborator Early Childhood Dept. TEI of Athens GREECE 3. Research Fellow Teacher of Early Childhood Education, GREECE 4. Teacher of Early Childhood Education, GREECE

In contemporary pedagogy, the method of observation consists one of the main ways for the systematic collection of material, on the children’s behavior. Observing and recording the child’s behavior towards materials, children of the same age and adults, ensures the collection of information, which is analyzed and evaluated in order to plan and implement the educational actions that will correspond not only to the needs of every child but also its personality. During the course of the Department of Early Childhood Education of the TEI-A, particularly in the context of the subject "Systematic observation of infants and toddlers" (3rd semester), students in order to understand the basic principles of the method of observation are getting familiar with procedures for recording the behavior of young children. As part of this lab course, there was organized a few minutes exercise with photocopied photographs in order to introduce students to the method of observation. Our aim was to use the photographs as a means not only of practice but also of expression of future educators. Our material were the 17 posters, created by an equal number of student groups that consisted of a total of 40 students. After “reading” the posters we recorded 657 different words / verbs, which were categorized according to their contents into five groups – categories which were: act-action, sentiment, thinking - cognition - perception, interaction and an additional category with verbs. Through the above practice students had the opportunity to cooperate in small groups in a pleasant and creative way. In a short time they recorded a significant amount of words / verbs that related to various situations. So they practiced their observation skills, got familiar with this method and put forward their findings by writing and presenting them to the rest of the group. This practice in particular has been held with a limited number of students and a proposal would be that it should be extended to a larger group of future educators attending other semesters of the Department or even to groups of active preschool teachers.

POSTERS GROUP A STRESS : HOW DOES THE BODY REACT TO STRESS? - HOW TO MANAGE OUR STRESS. Dr.Maria.D.Sinanidou School and Clinical Psychologist, Psychotherapist-GREECE

When we feel stressed, our body’s muscles become tense. This muscle tension can increase our pain and fatigue and may further limit our abilities, which can make us feel helpless. This can cause us to become depressed. A cycle of stress, pain, fatigue, limited/lost abilities and depression may develop. If we understand our reaction and learn how to manage stress, we can help break that cycle. Some of our body’s reactions to stress are easy to predict. When we feel stress, our body quickly releases chemicals into our bloodstream. This sets into motion a series of physical changes called the “fight or flight” response. These changes include: faster heartbeat; increased breathing rate; higher blood pressure; and increased muscle tension. These physical changes help our body prepare for stressful events by increasing strength hand energy. When we handle stress in a positive way, our body restores itself and repairs any damage caused by the stress. At times, we may feel unable to deal with chronic stress in a healthy way. As a result, stress related tension builds up, and with no outlet, takes its toll on our body over time. This toll can take many forms – we may experience headaches or fatigue, while someone else may have an upset stomach or a disease flare. Our emotional reaction to stress is harder to predict than our physical reaction. Emotional reactions vary, depending on the situation, our thoughts and the person. They may include feelings of anger, fear, anxiety, helplessness, loss of control, annoyance or frustration. A small amount of stress can actually help us perform our best, such as during an exam, an athletic event or performance. With too much stress, however, we may make a lot of mistakes and may function poorly. People respond in different ways to events and situations. We may like to be busy and have lots of activity, or we may prefer a slow pace with less activity. What we find relaxing may be stressful to someone else. The key to managing stress is to make it work for us instead of against us. A complete program for managing our stress has six parts: Learn our body’s signals of stress, Learn to identify what causes our stress, Learn changes us can make to help reduce stress, Learn how to manage what we can’t change, Learn how to reduce the effects of stress on our body, Maintain a lifestyle that can build our resistance to stress.

THE ABA PROGRAM COMPANION, ORGANIZING QUALITY Dr.Maria.D.Sinanidou School and Clinical Psychologist, Psychotherapist-GREECE

Children with autism have fundamental and pervasive differences in their readiness and ability to learn. While the non autistic, developmentally delayed child will need special assistance to learn, the autistic child must first "learn to learn." While other programs also in corporate approaches to behavioural change, ABA is characterized by techniques that are focused on the acquisition of skills and that create a successful learning environment. The approach is geared to the individual child through a careful, ongoing, and objectively measured assessment of the child's abilities, needs, interests, and progress. ABA and related structured educational interventions have been shown to be effective for many children with autism and may have a better outcome than other interventions. However, treatment effectiveness is based on many factors, some general and some more specific; thus, careful and comprehensive assessment is key in making informed decisions about program choice. ABA has many years of documented success for autism intervention. Interventions are most effective when they are implemented for many hours a day and/or in a variety of environments that are common to the child's daily experiences, and intensity is usually related to the best outcome. Early intervention is key. Certain developmental skills must be learned during critical periods of neural maturation and before the development of interfering behaviours and prolonged parental grieving. The implementation of educational interventions in specific ABA-type programs is significantly more effective in terms of long-term outcome when treatment begins as early as possible. All programs require parental support to varying degrees. Although some ABA programs are "in-home" (usually by parental choice) all parents need to familiarize themselves with treatment principles and work toward generalizing and reinforcing behaviours and skills at home.

HYPONATREMIA IN PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIC DISORDERS – SHOULD PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT BE BLAME FOR IT ? P. Wozniak , MD , Psychiatrist¹, M. Oledzka-Oreziak, MD² T.Rusinowicz, MD³ A.K.Wardyn, Professor ,Prof. J.Wciórka ¹1st Clinic of Psychiatry,Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, POLAND ²Department of Internal Disease and Family Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, POLAND ³Department of Internal Disease and Family Medicine Medical University of Warsaw, POLAND Head of the Department of Internal Disease and Family Medicine Medical University of Warsaw, POLAND , Professor1st Clinic of PsychiatryHead of the Institute of Psychiatry and Neurology, Warsaw, POLAND

Introduction: Hyponatremia can be a potentially dangerous medical comorbidity in chronic psychiatric patients. Schizophrenic patients often have abnormalities in water balance, including SIADH and polidypsia. Aim:To estimate the risk of hyponatraemia on admission to psychiatric hospital in patients diagnosed with schizophrenic disorders (F2x acc. to ICD-10) during pharmacological treatment. Method:Prospective case-control study in the period of 2007-2011 in tertiary psychiatric hospital. Medical evaluation of hyponatremia was performed, patients with serious somatic diseases were excluded . Antydopaminergic drug dose were expressed as risperidone equivalents. Results:Study group: 54 patients with plasma sodium <135 mmol/l on admission. Control group: 50 patients with normonatraemia matched by sex, age and diagnosis. Plasma sodium levels were in range of 117-134,9 mmol/l (median 133 mmol/l), mostly mild hyponatremia was observed (81%); hyponatremia was: euvolemic in 88%, hypovolemic in 10% and hypervolemic in 2%. Significant difference was observed in the use of carbamazepine (20% vs 4%) and strong antypsychotics (48% vs 38%). No signicant differences were noted in the use of I and II generation of antipsychotics between groups. Discusion: Euvolemic hypoosmolar hyponatremia on admission should be ascribed to psychotropic drug- induced syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH).

LATE LIFE DEPRESSION AND MEMORY Dr.John Podd, Melanie Holdaway, & Stephen Hill School of Psychology, Massey University, Palmerston North, NEW ZEALAND

Depression can be accompanied by cognitive difficulties, such as poor memory functioning. We examined the relationship between age (70-79 versus 20-29 year olds), depression and three types of memory important for everyday functioning: short-term (STM), working (WM), and prospective (PM) memory. The Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) was given with a word recall task (STM), a reading span and a letter-number sequencing task (WM), and the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (time- and event-based PM). There was little or no association between depression scores and the types of memory investigated. Some small effects were observed when visual processing speed (VPS) and IQ were included as moderating factors. In particular, older, higher depression score adults with higher VPS outperformed those with lower VPS scores, and for younger participants on the PM task, those with high depression and high IQ scores outperformed those with low depression and high IQ scores. Our failure to find any clear depression-memory links is consistent with extant research. Mixed findings in the literature are probably some function of poor construct definition and a high degree of variability in both depression and memory measurement scales, with scales for both constructs sometimes sharing only 30-40% of the variance.

NEOPLASMATIC DISEASE OF THE PARENT AND DISORDERS OF THEADOLESCENT: CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS (IN ENGLISH) J.Kouros, Karkani, Nt. Kotta APPAC., GREECE This paper studies and describes the coincidence of two crises in the family system. Thus of the parent suffering from neoplasmatic disease and puberty. We study the stages of the disease, beginning from the diagnosis up to the end yet, we focus mainly to the psychological condition of the patient so as of the rest of the family. This study perceives the parent suffering from cancer as a symptom, where entropy is expressed among the family members. The expression of entropy will lead the family dynamic to tremendous changes. The patient experiences contradictory feelings anger and fear, incapacity and despair. Yet dominant feeling is that of depression. At the same time, puberty as a developmental stage pushes the young person through dramatic changes and intense need to create his or her identity. While growing up the adolescent seeks and doubts the meaning of life and his existence by experiencing conflictual mood swings like fear and power, euphoria and melancholia. Thus the two crises in the family system coincide. The common point of the suffering parent and the young person is the depressive episodes. When the loss of the parent finally occurs the adolescent has to gain the bet and get out through bereavement unscathed and effectively. For this paper it is inevitable that all these procedures will happen in an organized therapeutic context either that of family, group, private sessions, so that he can keep up walking in life.

GRANDFATHER, GRANDMOTHER, AND CHILD: THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATION FOR ELDERLY PEOPLE (IN ENGLISH) ¹J.Kouros, G. Freris, D.Kotta ¹President and Scientific Director of A.P.P.A.C ²Child Psychiatrist, D / Director of ‘’ESY’’ ²Mental Health Center, SWTIRIA, Athens, GREECE Discussed the special role of grandparents within the family and particularly their role in the development of personality and the psyche of their grandchildren. It discusses the supportive and advisory role until the the newly organized family and the limits should be placed so that interventions and interventions to be smooth and not lead to a rupture of relations of the family of the couple. It emphasizes the complementary and indirect powers toward their grandchildren and not to substitute parental authority to children. Analyzed their ability to be more "close" to the children and the presentation standards through telling stories to grandchildren who can identify. It also discusses differences in the role of grandparents and the risks posed by their common coexistence. The emphasis on the dynamics that develop within the extended family and analyze the possible relationships and models can be developed. The relationship grandfather - grandmother and child is bidirectional. Not only will receive a grand love, affection and communication, and emotional support older people to lie awake and feel "needed" and useful. Improves their power, mental balance, although the fatigue and exhaustion comes quickly: Grandchildren work "antidepressants" and "improvement" in the normal cognitive decline of aging.

INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE OF TREATED OBSESSIVE AND COMPULSIVE DISORDER IN TAIWAN: A POPULATION-BASED STUDY Prof.Sheng-Hsiang Lin1,2, Li-Chung Huang3, Kuen-Jer Tsai1, 1Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, 2Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Cheng Kung University Hospital, 3Department of Psychiatry, Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chia-Yi, TAIWAN Introduction:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a debilitating anxiety disorder associated declined function. This study aimed to estimate trends in the incidence and prevalence of OCD in Taiwan. Methods:We used Claims data of Bureau of National Health Insurance (NHI) of Taiwan from 2000 to 2009. The NHI provided a database of 1,000,000 random participants for study. The study participants who had at least one service claim for either ambulatory or in-patient treatment with a principal diagnosis of OCD were identified. Rates were directly age- and gender-adjusted to the 2005 Taiwan population distribution. Results:A total of 2430 incidence cases and 39136 prevalence cases occurred during 2000-2009. The estimated mean annual incidence was 29.6 per 105 inhabitants (95% CI 28.7-30.4). The cumulative prevalence increased from 262.3 to 676.3 per 105 inhabitants from 2000 to 2009. Incidence and prevalence increased with age growing, peaking at age 18-24 years in male and 35-44 years in female. The male/female ratios ranged from 0.72 to 1.72 for incidence and 0.78 to 2.27 for prevalence in different age groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that the incidence and prevalence of OCD was slightly higher among males in the 11-24 age group and among females in the 35-64 age group in Taiwan.

EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS IN BINGE EATING: PRELIMINARY DATA Fátima Gameiro¹, Prof.Victoria Perea Bartolomé² & Prof.Valentina Ladera Fernandez² ¹ Psychology Faculty, Universidty Lisabona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, PORTUGAL, ² Psychology Faculty., Universidad de Salamanca, SPAIN The executive functions (EF) are mental processes by which deliberately resolve internal and external problems. According previous studies, the deficits plays an important role in the development and maintenance of binge eating disorder.The aim of this study was to compare the executive functions of obese Portuguese individuals with/without binge eating disorder (BED), with normal weight individuals. Method: In this study participated 114 adults (38 obese individuals with BED (OB), 38 obese individuals without BED (O) and 38 normal weight individuals (N). All individuals were assessed using the following instruments: MMSE, EAT-26, BES, SCL-90-R; FAB; IB; ILB; IWQOL-Lite, Action fluency, CTT, Stroop and WCST. Results: Obesity is related with general income frontal, planning and sequencing and cognitive flexibility; BED is related to the maintenance of response and distraction; and the combination of obesity with BED is related with conceptualization and abstraction, capacity of inhibitory control, ability to solve problems and verbal fluency. These results suggest the training of FE can represent an important dimension to consider in the prevention and treatment of obesity.

AGE EFFECTS ON EXECUTIVE FUNCTIONS: PRELIMINARY DATA Beatriz Roza¹, Prof.Victoria Perea Bartolomé² & Prof.Valentina Ladera Fernandez² ¹ Psychology Faculty, Universidty Lisabona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, PORTUGAL, ² Psychology Faculty., Universidad de Salamanca, SPAIN Executive functions refer to a set of control processes that monitor goal-directed behavior. It is a multidimensional construct that is related to inhibition of irrelevant information and automatic responses, cognitive flexibility, planning, updating tasks demands and working memory. The aim of this study was to examine the age effects on executive functions in Portuguese adults. Two hundred and forty one healthy normal adults (71 males and 171 females), between 18 to 88 years of age, with different educational level participated in the study. None of the subjects presented cognitive impairment. Several neuropsychological tests of executive functions were administered (Stroop, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Trail Making Test, Set Test, Action Fluency and Tower of London). Results indicated that performance on inhibition, cognitive flexibility, planning and action fluency tests declined with age. However, aging did not affect the verbal fluency. It was found a main effect of educational level for all of the executive measures used. These results provide evidence that executive functions are affect by age and support the frontal aging hypothesis.

PSYCHOSOCIAL INTERVENTION PROGRAMMES FOR CHILDREN OF MENTALLY ILL PARENTS I .Gotsiou Social Worker – M.Sc. “Social Psychiatry” Student, GREECE Municipality of Neapolis – Sykies, Thessaloniki, GREECE Programme of Postgraduate Studies “Social Psychiatry”, Medical School, Democritus University of Trace, Alexandroupolis , GREECE Εισαγωγή: Σημαντικές μελέτες συγκλίνουν στην επιβεβλημένη ανάγκη παρέμβασης σε παιδιά που έχουν ψυχικά πάσχοντες γονείς. Σκοπός: Παρουσίαση των προγραμμάτων ψυχοκοινωνικής παρέμβασης σε παιδιά γονέων με ψυχικές διαταραχές. Μέθοδος: Ανασκόπηση 20 δημοσιευμένων άρθρων, μέσω περιήγησης στο Pubmed, από το 2002 έως το 2010. Αποτελέσματα: 1) «Family Talk Intervention»: Παρέμβαση με στόχο την πρόληψη διαταραχών στα παιδιά γονέων που νοσούν, μέσω της ενίσχυσης της ανθεκτικότητά τους πριν από την κρίση, ώστε να ενισχυθούν οι προστατευτικοί παράγοντες στη ζωή τους. 2) «Let’s Talk about the Children»: Πρόγραμμα βραχείας ψυχοεκπαιδευτικής παρέμβασης στους γονείς μέσω συζήτησης εστιασμένης στο παιδί, βασισμένο στο πώς οι ίδιοι μπορούν να στηρίξουν τα παιδιά τους και να ασκήσουν τον γονεϊκό τους ρόλο, παρά τη νόσο τους. 3) Θεραπευτική παρέμβαση των Clark et al, επικεντρωμένη στη γνωστική αναδόμηση, στις διαπροσωπικές δεξιότητες επίλυσης των προβλημάτων τους και στην επικοινωνία των μελών της οικογένειας, όταν οι γονείς πάσχουν. 4) «STAR*D Child» (Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression): Πρόγραμμα επικεντρωμένο στη συσχέτιση της επιτυχημένης θεραπείας της μητέρας διάρκειας 1 έτους, με τη βελτίωση των ψυχικών διαταραχών και συμπτωμάτων των παιδιών της. Συμπέρασμα: Το όφελος από τα προγράμματα παρεμβάσεων είναι αξιοσημείωτο, τόσο στην εκδήλωση και εξέλιξη της ψυχοπαθολογίας των απογόνων, όσο και στην σημαντική μείωσή της, όταν υπάρχει αξιόλογη ύφεση στην ψυχοπαθολογία των γονέων.

CHILDREN CARING THEIR MENTALLY ILL PARENTS: THE IMPACT ON “YOUNG CARER I .Gotsiou Social Worker – M.Sc. “Social Psychiatry” Student, GREECE Municipality of Neapolis – Sykies, Thessaloniki, GREECE Programme of Postgraduate Studies “Social Psychiatry”, Medical School, Democritus University of Trace, Alexandroupolis , GREECE

Εισαγωγή: Τα τελευταία χρόνια μεγάλος αριθμός ερευνών έχει εστιάσει στη φροντίδα ψυχικά πασχόντων γονέων από τα παιδιά τους, καθώς έχει συσχετισθεί με αυξανόμενο άγχος και συναισθηματική δυσφορία στα παιδιά αυτά. Σκοπός: Η διερεύνηση των ψυχοκοινωνικών επιπτώσεων στο παιδί που αναλαμβάνει τη φροντίδα του ψυχικά πάσχοντα γονέα του, όταν οι ρόλοι γονέα και παιδιού αντιστρέφονται Μέθοδος: Ανασκόπηση δημοσιευμένων άρθρων και σχετικών κειμένων από έντυπη και κυρίως ηλεκτρονική βιβλιογραφία μέσω περιήγησης στο διαδικτυακό ιστότοπο του Pubmed. Αποτελέσματα: Ο όρος «νέος φροντιστής» (young carer) είναι αποτέλεσμα της αυξανόμενης επίγνωσης των μη κατάλληλων ρόλων, που ορισμένα παιδιά αναλαμβάνουν. Τα παιδιά που επιφορτίζονται με την ευθύνη της φροντίδας των ψυχικά πασχόντων γονέων τους επιβαρύνονται από διάφορες σκοπιές. Η Dunn σε μια αναδρομική μελέτη καταλήγει σε 5 θεματικούς άξονες: Παραμέληση – Κακοποίηση, Απομόνωση, Ενοχές και Αφοσίωση, Κοινωνική Υποστήριξη, Επαφή με Ψυχιατρικές Υπηρεσίες. Ωστόσο, ορισμένα παιδιά εισπράττουν και σημαντικά οφέλη από το ρόλο τους, αν αυτός λειτουργήσει ως πηγή αισθήματος επάρκειας, αυτοπεποίθησης και ωριμότητας. Συμπέρασμα: Τα ευρήματα πολλών ερευνών καταδεικνύουν ότι η φροντίδα των γονέων με ψυχικές διαταραχές από τα παιδιά τους, μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε σημαντικές ανεπάρκειες στην ψυχοκοινωνική και εκπαιδευτική τους ανάπτυξη και τονίζουν την ανάγκη για υποστήριξη της οικογένειας, με στόχο τη μείωση των αρνητικών επιπτώσεων στη ζωή του παιδιού.

IMPROVING POST-COMBAT READJUSTMENT USING A CLIENT-DIRECTED PHOTOGRAPHIC ACTIVITY. Prof. Vaughn DeCoster, Sevena Lewis, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, USA Introduction & Aim. The rise in the number of military veterans, young and old, seeking services has overwhelmed an unprepared U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, resulting in significant delays and gaps in mental health services. As in other areas of health, there are alternative pathways to healing and successful readjustment to post-war realities. This pilot project adapted a reminiscent phototherapy activity to produce a photographic depiction of the veteran’s readjustment to life after combat. Researchers systematically tested the activity’s psychosocial effects throughout and afterwards. Methods. Participants were assigned a team, comprised of undergraduate social work and photography students supervised by a licensed clinician, to identify the veteran’s experiences to express, images that capture these elements and a visual framework/structure. The teams sketched concepts, worked with pictures/images to capture experiential elements, crafted drafts, incorporated feedback and produced the final photographic art expression. Results. Six veterans participated, three with recent combat experiences and three from the Vietnam-era. Teams recorded observations and standardized measures. Despite recalling traumatic experiences, findings showed that participants responded positively with improvements in general wellbeing, quality of life (QOL) and PTSD symptomatology (PCL-M). Discussion. This participant-directed photographic activity demonstrates therapeutic potential as an alternative way to express and psychologically accommodate the war experience.

VERBAL FUNCTIONS AND LANGUAGE SKILLS IN MALE PSYCHOPATHS José Brites , Valentina ladera & Maria Perea Bartolomé Faculty of Psychology,University of Salamanca, PORTUGAL The aim of this study is to assess verbal functions and language skills in male psychopaths both detained in prisons and in freedom. In this study 90 individuals participated voluntarily, and not only inmates, with an average age of 38.19 (SD = 7.67), with no neurological and / or neuropsychological changes. They were divided into four groups: psychopaths (n = 13), psychopathic prisoners (n = 13), non psychopathic prisoners (n = 25) and normal controls (n = 39). In general, our results indicate no difference between psychopaths and non psychopaths, which reveals that verbal functions and language skills are very similar. The profile drawn in our research reveals verbal functions and language skills showing that both psychopaths and non psychopaths are capable of (i) correctly identifying the letters, processing the sound and selecting the most appropriate form of writing, (ii) most of them are able to match written words in the presence of phonetic distracters, and (iii) correctly identifying a sequence of letters that don’t form words, (iv) all are skillful when they have to pronounce words accurately departing from their written form and are wise enough as to pronounce correctly, in the distracter homophone pairs, sequences of sounds departing from sequences of letters, (v) as well as sequences of unfamiliar letters, and (vi) to make a decision based on the sound, and not in the visual form of words. Keywords: Psychopathy,

SPECIFIC AND DIFFERENTIATED EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTION FOR CHILDREN WITH DYSLEXIA FROM THE BASICS PORTUGUESE SCHOOLS ¹De Sousa Lopes, ² Prof. M. Vieira ¹Assistant professor in Educational Sciences Dept Portucalense University (Portugal) and Special Education specialist , PORTUGAL ²Teacher and Special Education specialist,Assistant professor in the Portucalense University and clinical practice ,Portugal, Secondary School of Senhora da Hora and clinical practice ,PORTUGAL

The investigation discovered the existence of a phonological deficit, common to dyslexic children, and proposes effective interventions based upon essential elements. The purpose of this work is to understand the existence of intervention programs that are adequate to the developmental status of the dyslexic children from the basics Portuguese schools. Data were obtained through enquires and both quantitative and qualitative methodologies were combined. Information was collected from teachers performing the intervention to children diagnosed with dyslexia, in all public and private basic schools from the county of Matosinhos. Results indicate that the elements upon which the intervention on the children in study are based are not the ones necessary; they suggest that the models employed on that differentiated intervention are globally outdated and also that most of the teachers, responsible for the reeducation of these children are uncertain of the work they perform with them. However, results significantly indicate the existence of a cooperative work between school and family. Results were analyzed in light of the most recent and consensual literature on this subject and we conclude with suggestions ranging from precocious intervention, the formation of teachers and the communication between teams leading the investigation on models of phonological processing

QUALITY OF LIFE AS A GOAL FOR THE CARE OF PSYCHIATRIC MENTALLY ILL Maria Chania RN MSc, PhD (cahd), Head of Department of Nursing Service General Hospital Sparta, GREECE Μαρία Χανιά Νοσηλεύτρια MSc, PhD(cahd), Προϊσταμένη Τομέα Νοσηλευτικής Υπηρεσίας Γ.Ν. Σπάρτης ΕΙΣΑΓΩΓΗ Η ΠΖ είναι δύσκολο να καθοριστεί με ακρίβεια καθώς υπάρχουν ποικίλες απόψεις για τη σημασία του όρου Η ΠΖ στο χώρο των κοινωνικών επιστημών, ορίζεται και αξιολογείται με τη χρήση κατάλληλων δεικτών ΣΤΟΧΟΣ Της παρούσας μελέτης είναι η σφαιρική φροντίδα των χρονίως ψυχικά πασχόντων και των οικογενειών τους, η αντιμετώπιση του στίγματος, καθώς και η βελτίωση της ποιότητας ζωής και της συνολικής κατάστασης της υγείας του πάσχοντος ΑΠΟΤΕΛΕΣΜΑΤΑ. Το κλείσιμο των ψυχιατρείων έφερε πολλές εκατοντάδες ψυχικά πασχόντων στην κοινότητα και στις οικογένειές τους, και ως εκ τούτου, ήταν αναγκαίο να αναπτυχθούν νέα πλαίσια ψυχικής φροντίδας. Η νέα τάξη πραγμάτων ταυτίστηκε με τη στροφή της Ψυχιατρικής προς την Κοινωνική-Κοινοτική Ψυχιατρική, στο πλαίσιο της οποίας η ΠΖ των ψυχικά πασχόντων απέκτησε σταδιακά πολύ σημαντική θέση. Η ΠΖ ως έννοια που απορρέει από την ανθρωποκεντρική ψυχιατρική φροντίδα, αναφέρεται στη δυνατότητα που δίδεται στο πάσχον άτομο να καταγράψει με έναν έγκυρο και συστηματοποιημένο τρόπο την προσωπική του άποψη και την υποκειμενική του εκτίμηση σχετικά με ότι αφορά τη ζωή του, το βίωμα της νόσου από την οποία πάσχει και τη θεραπεία στην οποία υποβάλλεται. ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑΤΑ. Η ποιότητα ζωής είναι έννοια που αφορά σε όλες τις νοσολογικές κατηγορίες ασθενών, καθώς και σε όλους όσοι επωμίζονται την φροντίδα των πασχόντων.

ARE DELIRIUM TREMENS AND ALCOHOL-RELATED SEIZURES IN INPATIENTS ADMITTED FOR ALCOHOL DETOXIFICATION RELATED TO DAILY ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION AND BREATH ALCOHOL CONTENT AT ADMISSION? Kundi Pardeep Singh, Staff Grade Psychiatrist, University Hospital Aintree, Liverpool, UK

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to investigate whether daily alcohol consumption and Breath Alcohol Content (BrAC) affect the incidence of Delirium Tremens and Alcohol-related seizures in patients admitted for alcohol detoxification. Methodology: The study comprised of a cross-sectional survey in which data was collected from 100 consecutive inpatients admitted for alcohol detoxification in the unit in 2010. Data was collected from the clinical records of the patients and we looked at demographics, daily alcohol consumption, Breath Alcohol Content at admission and current episodes and past history of delirium tremens and alcohol-related fits. Results: We noticed that 14 patients experienced Delirium Tremens and 10 patients experienced alcohol-related fits during their current admission whilst 56 patients had a past history of Delirium Tremens and 40 had a past history of alcohol-related fits. 2 patients experienced both Delirium Tremens and fits. All these patients had a daily consumption of alcohol higher than 30 units of alcohol. 86% (12/14) of the patients who developed Delirium Tremens and 90% (9/10) of patients who had alcohol-related fits had a Breath Alcohol Content of more than 1.00 at admission. Conclusion: Daily alcohol usage and Breath Alcohol Content at admission could be related to a risk of developing Delirium Tremens and Alcohol- related fits during the detoxification process. This can aid in identifying high risk patients and help reduce their morbidity. ADOLESCENT OUTCOMES OF THE BETTER BEGINNINGS, BETTER FUTURES PROJECT: A COMMUNITY-BASED PREVENTION PROJECT FOR YOUNG CHILDREN Prof. Ray Peters, Dept. of Psychology, Queen’s University of Kingston, USA

Better Beginnings, Better Futures (BBBF) is a large-scale, longitudinal research-demonstration project designed to reduce children’s problems, promote healthy child development, and enhance family and community environments in three economically disadvantaged communities in the province of Ontario, Canada. The initial intervention was implemented from 1993 to 1997, and focused on families with children from 4 to 8 years of age.. All3 projects provided a wide range of programs, including before- and after-school activities, school meals, educational assistance, and several programs that focused on families, and the community The present study examined the long-term outcomes of project participation, 15 years after the start of the intervention, when the individuals who had participated in the intervention were 18 to 19 years of age. A wide range of measures was administered to 401 youth and parents who had participated in BBBF, and a control sample of 225 adolescents from two communities matched to the intervention communities in terms of ethnic and socioeconomic background. BBBF youth, compared to youth from matched communities, had higher grades, required less special education, and had committed fewer property offenses. Economic analyses indicated that every project $1.00 invested returned $2.50 in government savings. Policy implications are discussed.

GROUP B GESTALT PSYCHOTHERAPY AS PHILOSOPHY Mariola Paruzel-Czachura ,University of Silesia, Institute of Psychology & Institute of Philosophy, POLAND Psychotherapy and philosophy are nowadays usually seen as different disciplines. The presented study is an attempt to broaden understanding psychotherapy as philosophy. Analyzing the original texts from Gestalt psychotherapy (Perls, Hefferline, Goodman, 1965; Perls, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1992; Naranio, 1970, 1993; Polster&Polster, 1974; Smith, 1977; Zinker, 1991) and philosophical works (Korzybski, 1921; Smuts, 1926; Kierkegaard, 1939; Husserl, 1975; Jaspers, 1990; Buber, 1992; Tillich, 1994; Sartre, 1998; Lévinas, 2002; Heidegger, 2007), the author attempts to answer whether Gestalt psychotherapy can be perceived as philosophy, which is defined in ancient way as the combination of theory and practice (Hadot, 2000, 2003). The author sets the hypothesis of existence a strong relationship between psychotherapy and philosophy, and tries to show that Gestalt psychotherapy is in fact a philosophy, mainly because of its philosophical basis and practice. The awareness of above problem can probably help psychotherapists in creating their own identity not only as practitioners, but also as the real philosophers. The results can be discussed by representatives of other trends in psychotherapy, who can deliberate on the general understanding of every type of psychotherapy as philosophy.

CLINICAL OUTCOMES IN COMMUNITY BASED NEUROPSYCHIATRIC REHABILITATION. Dr Edward Theologis, Prof Malcolm Hopwood Brain Disorders Program, University of Melbourne Department of Psychiatry. Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, AUSTRALIA

Background: The Community Brain Disorders Assessment and Treatment Service (CBDATS) is a multidisciplinary team servicing a population of 4.6 million in Victoria Australia. It provides secondary consultation and case management for patients with comorbid brain impairment and psychiatric illness, with most patients having additional clinical, psychosocial and service-related complexities. This study was conducted to look at clinical outcomes in this complex patient group for which very little evidence exists in the literature. Method: Demographic, clinical and HoNOS outcome data were collected over a 3 year period and analyzed statistically for 229 patients who met service entry criteria. Results: We were able to demonstrate a small but statistically significant improvement in total HoNOS scores between admission and discharge (17.1 to 14.2; p<0.001) and additional improvement in some HoNOS subscores for patients who received psychotropic advice in addition to general community based care. Conclusion: The study suggests that community based management is effective in complex patients with brain impairment and psychiatric or behavioural disorder and that HoNOS is a useful data collection tool in demonstrating this effectiveness. Further research may examine in more detail the role of specific interventions and subjective quality of life implications in this complex population of patients.

FROM INVOLUNTARY ADMISSION TO DAY CARE HOSPITAL TRACING COMPLIANCE, IMPROVEMENTS AND SIDE EFFECTS Dr Kaludjerovic Sanja psychiatry and neurology, postgraduate neuropschology, hospital Clinic dr laza lazarevic Belgrade, SERBIA.

Introduction involuntary commitment is a legal process through which an individual with Symptoms of severe mental illness is court ordered into treatment in a hospital. Involuntary admission of general psychiattric patients is one of the most contested topics in mental healthcare. in schizophrenia its estimated that up to 50%of out patients and 20% of in patients are not compliant with prescribed medicaments After hospital treatment some patients continue their treatment in our Day care center, compliance is strongly related to attitutudes to treatment and to insight Method We compared involuntary admitted hospitalized patients 60,dg as F20.0 sch paranoid which continued treatment in day care center/ 60 patients were recruited, all of them consented to perform scales inorder to assess level of psychopathology, compliance and as well as to measure side effects of antipsychotic therapy. Scales used in our trial are Panss positive symptoms subscale MARS medication adherence rating scale SAS simpson Angus scale for side effects. Scales are performed on the date of admission and also used 8 weeks after/ in order to compare the levels between 2 measurements used studnet t test was utilisated. Results There is a statistically significant difference between compliance,psychopathology and side effects levels in patinents who continued their treatment inDAY CARE CENTER mean Panss positive subscale at the baseline 35,6 and after 8 weeks 16,7 Simpson Angus scale at the baseline 9,6 and after 8 weeks 4,8 and MARS medication adherence scale at the baseline 4,3 and after 8 weeks 8,6 conclusion therapy in day care hospital is a pragmatic method improving compliance with drug treatment in psychotic patients Overall levels of psychopathology and side effects may also be improved.

ARE SEXIST LANGUAGE ASSUMPTIONS EMPIRICALLY GROUNDED? A PRIMING TEST OF SEXIST LANGUAGE HYPOTHESES Marin Javier ,Pérez, Miguel A. ,Ortiz, Francisco Javier ,Conesa Raquel,Marcos Lucía University of Murcia, Department of Psicología Básica y Metodología, SPAIN Sexist language refers to some uses of language that are supposed to discriminate women negatively in their social and professional image and are the basis for some proposals to change language use to avoid such negative discrimination. In this study we try to test empirically some of those suppositions about the role of grammatical gender of Spanish words with a specifically designed task. Participants had to identify the sex of two line drawings of human silhouettes and decide if it was the same or different. In the presentation it was superimposed over the figures a prime word. Primes were words that are stated as in some anti-sexist language style manuals. For example, the word “estudiante” (the Spanish for student, a neutral gendered word following the Spanish grammar) is supposed as to refer only male students in these manuals. We have tested if prime effects associated with this kind of words are the same as explicit masculine gender words as “profesor” (he-teacher). Data do not confirm sexist hypothesis and give support to the grammar-view that prognosticates no sex-bias for words with neutral gender morphology. A complete examination of gender effects in substantives is presented with similar outcomes

PARENTAL PSYCHOLOGICAL CONTROL HURTS UNIVERSITY STUDENTS EMOTIONALLY WHEN RELATIONSHIPS WITH PARENTS ARE SELF- DEFINING Prof.Qian WANG¹, Prof.Yan LI² ¹Department of Psychology, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China ²Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, USA Introduction & Aim Given normative individuation during young adulthood, parental psychological control (e.g., inducing guilt in offspring to manipulate them to comply with parental wishes) may not be influential on university students. Yet, there may be individual differences. This study tests among Chinese and Americans the hypothesis that a negative association between parental psychological control and emotional adjustment is evident only when young adults regard relationships with parents as self-defining. Method One hundred and thirteen Hong Kong Chinese (43 males, 70 females; mean age=20.57 years) and 163 American university students (45 males, 118 females; mean age=20.26 years) participated. They reported on parental psychological control (e.g., “My parents tell me that I should feel guilty when I do not do as well in school as they expect me to.”), their tendency to regard relationships with parents as self-defining (e.g., “My relationships with my parents are an important part of who I am.”), and emotional adjustment indicated by a composite of life satisfaction, self- esteem, and depression. All measures were internally reliable, αs>.82. Results In predicting emotional adjustment, there revealed significant interactions between parental psychological control and Chinese/American students’ tendency to regard relationships with parents as self-defining, βs=-.21/-.18, ts(112/162)=-2.51/-2.25, ps<.05. When this tendency was high (one SD above the mean), psychological control was negatively related to emotional adjustment, βs=-.36/-.40, ts(112/162)=-3.08/-3.67, ps<.01; when this tendency was low (one SD below the mean), psychological control was unrelated to emotional adjustment, βs=.01/-.14, ts(112/162)=.04/-1.59, ns. Conclusion Regarding relationships with parents as self-defining may render Chinese and American university students emotionally vulnerable to parental psychological control.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH: POST DIAGNOSTIC - AVAILABLE AUTISM HEALTH SERVICES Aglaia Vourda Postgraduate student University of the Peloponnese , Dept of Educational and Social Policy, MA in Institutions and Health Policies, GREECE Εισαγωγή: Ποιά είναι η μετά διαγνωστική πολιτική υγείας που μπορεί να ακολουθείται για τον αυτισμό σε παιδιά/ εφήβους ηλικίας 6 έως 18 χρονών στα πλαίσια της θεραπείας και κοινωνικής επανένταξης; Σκοπός : Παρουσιάζονται ερωτήματα προς ανάλυση υπό το πρίσμα της πρόσβασης στις υπηρεσίες υγείας (μετά-διαγνωστική φάση) , κριτήρια επιλογής κέντρου παρέμβασης και τρόπου χρηματοδότησης των κέντρων από διάφορες πηγές. Προσεγγίζεται από δύο πλευρές: την πλευρά των γονιών που συναντούν τον αυτισμό και πως ανταπεξέρχονται στις απαιτήσεις θεραπείας των παιδιών τους και από την άλλη πλευρά, τα ιδιωτικά και δημόσια κέντρα παρέμβασης αυτισμού που στοχεύουν στην ικανοποίηση των αναγκών ατόμων με αναπηρία. Μέθοδος: Ποιοτική έρευνα , τρείς ημιδομημένες προσωπικές συνεντεύξεις, δύο από μητέρες παιδιών με αυτισμό και μία από ιδιοκτήτριες ιδιωτικού κέντρου παρέμβασης με την τεχνική της χιονόμπαλας. Συμπεράσματα: Η έρευνα έδειξε ότι οι ερωτώμενες μητέρες λαμβάνουν ασάφεια σχετικά την πληροφόρηση της πάθησης και του τρόπου θεραπείας, ότι υπάρχει τόσο μεγάλη ζήτηση για φροντίδα και θεραπεία για τον αυτισμό που οι δημόσιες δομές αδυνατούν να ικανοποιήσουν όλες τις ανάγκες ριψοκινδυνεύοντας σε τελικό στάδιο την ποιότητα αφού τα δεδομένα έδειξαν ότι υπάρχει έλλειψη εξειδίκευσης και στοχοποίησης των θεραπευτικών μονάδων και τέλος έδειξε την αλληλεξάρτηση που έχει το ιδιωτικό κέντρο παρέμβασης στον αυτισμό με τις δημόσιες δομές εξ αίτιας των αδυναμιών των δεύτερων και των οικονομικών συνεργασιών με τα ασφαλιστικά ταμεία.

STIGMA AND MENTAL DISORDER - PSYCHOSOCIAL PERSPECTIVES. Dr.Maria.D.Sinanidou School and Clinical Psychologist, Psychotherapist-GREECE Stigmatisation is the process wherein one condition or aspect of an individual is attributionally linked to some pervasive dimension of the target person's identity. It is the negative effect of a label or the process of establishing deviant identities. The first and last words on stigma belong to people with mental disorders. Western societies have always linked ideas of morality and virtue with health and reason and early Christian societies tainted madness with images of the demonic, the perverse, the promiscuous and the sinful. Knowledge of these associations is necessary to under stand the origins and perpetuation of psychiatric stigma. In addition to personal, historical and psychiatric perspectives, other disciplines have added to current concepts. There is no agreed instrument to measure stigma, but measuring public opinion about mental disorders is central to understanding and reducing it. Public opinion surveys ide ntify levels of awareness, belief systems, fears and stereotypes of these disorders but they can be criticised for underestimating antipathy, as those un affected or disinterested may refuse to participate in a survey and many give socially desirable responses. There is a compelling argument that psychiatrists should extend existing psychoeducational programmes into the broader context of public education. But education needs to be something more than psychiatric training for the lay public. People with mental illness (who have a greater than average knowledge of mental disorder) tend to be more negative to others who are ill. All studies quoted in this paper strengthen the argument that the measures of success in treating psychiatric patients should extend beyond dopamine receptor occupancy and should include quality of life indices, markers of physical and psychological well-being and wider social contexts. Others take the arguments even further, and see this as a civil and human rights issue, advocating a disability inclusion model .

ΜARITAL/FAMILY DYSFUNCTION AND DEPRESSION - A BIOPSY CHOSOCIAL APPROACH Dr.Maria.D.Sinanidou School and Clinical Psychologist, Psychotherapist-GREECE Interpersonal stress is not only a precursor to depression, but marital/family dysfunction during the acute phase of a depressive episode is common and often leads to difficulties in multiple family domains. Communication, problem solving and role functioning are particular areas of family life that are disrupted. There is significant fa mily burden with financial worries, a sense of social isolation, loss of status, chronic tension and fears of recurrence. Problematic family functioning during the acute episode is not only distress sing for the family but also has an impact on the course of the depression. Patients who are depressed and have marital distress show slower responsiveness to treatment. Poor family functioning has a negative impact on both short- and long-term recovery from depression . However, the depression may last for a shorter period of time in those families who are able to improve their family functioning A number of self-reported and interview-based family assessment instruments have been developed and described. Many of these family assessment tools were designed for research purposes. They are standardized and provide numerical summaries of various aspects of family functioning that can then be more systematically analyzed. Some may be adapted for clinical use. Self- report scales, which are cost effective to administer, provide information on how family members evaluate their own functioning. Some general principles may be useful to consider when meeting with families of patients with depression. Meet with all available/interested family members. One never knows which family member is most involved in the care of the patient and most in need and open to outside support. It is important to be supportive and non judge mental. Many families have had the experience of being blamed for their loved one's depression, thus making them defensive and less likely to join in a collaborative effort to deal with ongoing problems. A thorough assessment of the family is important. A comprehensive, biopsychosocial approach, which combines a judicious use of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy and family intervention, may not only provide a good likelihood of positive response to acute and maintenance treatment of depression, but can also help patients and families cope with those depressive symptoms that may persist in spite of optimal treatment.

PROGRAMS FOR CHILDREN WITH AUTISM AND PDD Dr.Maria.D.Sinanidou, School and Clinical Psychologist, Psychotherapist, Athens, GREECE No other psychiatric diagnosis has more profound negative implications than autism. On the surface, autism impacts social, emotional, behavioural, and academic functioning. However, autism is pervasive in ways less immediately observable, and, as a result, children with autism require developmental and educational interventions that are different in both form and intensity from those required by children with other special needs. Assessing general intellectual and developmental functioning and the presence of comorbid disorders is a first step in identifying appropriate interventions. The best known school-based educational program is treatment and education of autistic and communication handicapped children (TEACCH). This, and similar programs, use "structured teaching" and create a learning environment to fit the "culture of autism."TEACCH classrooms organize the physical environment; develop schedules and work systems; make clear expectations; use primarily visual cues; and reduce dependence on prompting, encouraging self-maintenance and goal-directed behaviour. "Floor time" is a developmental approach that focuses on building emotional reciprocity, and, while following the child's lead, shapes behaviour and communication. Child psychiatrist and Clinical psychologist are in a unique position to provide support and education to parents of children with autism. Parents are faced not only with this potentially devastating diagnosis but also very real frustrations in finding treatment and in identifying specific behavioural and educational interventions. Being able to explain why children with autism need special interventions will go far in helping parents knowledgeably advocate for their child.

STROKE, EPILEPTIC CRISIS AND DEMENTIA TO ELDERLY J.Kouros President and Scientific Director of A.P.P.A.C Αναφερόμαστε στην εμπειρία 20 χρόνων (1986-2006) από ασθενείς με ΑΕΕ (που παρακολουθήθηκαν ως ασθενείς ταμείου) και τις περιπτώσεις εξ αυτών που παρουσίασαν εξελικτικά άνοια αγγειακού τύπου ή μικτού τύπου με Alzheimer. Συνολικά πρόκειται για 300 περιστατικά που παρακολουθήθηκαν άνω της 6ετίας από του 1ου ΑΕΕ και εξ αυτών το 30% εμφάνισε στην πορεία άνοια αγγειακού ή μικτού τύπου και το 50% επιληπτικές κρίσεις. Η θεραπεία με αγγειοδραστικά φάρμακα (Nootrop, Loftyl κλπ) όταν ακολουθήθηκε συστηματικά φαίνεται να συντήρησε ικανοποιητικά τους ασθενείς, παράλληλα με τις κατά περίπτωση άλλες θεραπείες (αντικαταθλιπτικά, αναλγητικά, αντιυπερτασικά, γαστροπροστατευτικά, βιταμινούχα, αντιερπητικά, αντιπαρκινσονικά κλπ). Σε αρκετές περιπτώσεις (50%) που δεν ακολουθήθηκαν συστηματικά οι θεραπείες υπήρξαν υποτροπές και επιπρόσθετα ΑΕΕ με αποτέλεσμα να ανευρίσκεται στις C/T η γνωστή εικόνα των πολλαπλών εμφραγμάτων και πάντα λίγες ή συστηματικά επιληπτικές κρίσεις που απαιτούν αντιεπιληπτική φαρμακοθεραπεία. Τα αίτια της μη συστηματικής θεραπείας συνήθως ήταν: α) δυσκολία αναγραφής από ταμειακούς γιατρούς β) αδιαθεσίες και ανυπαρξία οικογένειας ή συμπαράστασης όταν υπήρχε γ) ασυνεννοησία αλλοδαπών κυρίως οικιακών βοηθών δ) εμφάνιση δυστροπίας λόγω εγκαθιστάμενης άνοιας. Η αγγειακή άνοια εμφανιζόταν «κατά ώσεις» σε σχέση με επόμενα ΠΙΕ ή ΑΕΕ που συχνότατα είχαν σχέση με προβλήματα με την Αρτηριακή πίεση και αμέλεια ιατρικής παρακολούθησης. Οι αφασικές - απραξικές και κινητικές διαταραχές φαίνονταν να αποτελούν τα ουσιαστικά συμπτώματα της Άνοιας παράλληλα με την απώλεια μνήμης που συνήθως είναι το κύριο σύμπτωμα στη νόσο Alzheimer αλλά «κρύβεται» από τους αγγειακούς ασθενείς όταν διατηρούν τις συνήθειες της καθημερινότητας και διαφύγει της προσοχής του απροειδοποίητου επισκέπτη. Οι παρασιτικές δραστηριότητες ή παραπραξίες, προδίδουν τον Ανοϊκό ασθενή και βέβαια το μεγάλο διαγνωστικό πρόβλημα της κατάθλιψης (50%) πρέπει πάντα να αναζητείται επίμονα γιατί με ενίοτε ισχυρές δόσεις αντικαταθλιπτικών δραστηριοποιούνται οι καταθλιπτικοί ασθενείς παρ’ ότι εμφανίζουν και κάποιο βαθμό αρχόμενης Άνοιας (αγγειακού ή μικτού τύπου).

GRANDFATHER, GRANDMOTHER, AND CHILD: THE IMPORTANCE OF RELATION FOR ELDERLY (IN GREEK) ¹J.Kouros, I.Freris, D. Kotta, Th. Charisi , Valeria Koudoumogiannaki ¹President and Scientific Director of A.P.P.A.C ²Child Psychiatrist, D / Director of ‘’ESY’’ ²Mental Health Center, SWTIRIA, Athens, GREECE Η εργασία αυτή παρουσιάζει τον ιδιαίτερο ρόλο του παππού και της γιαγιάς μέσα στην οικογένεια και συγκεκριμένα το ρόλο τους στην ανάπτυξη της προσωπικότητας και του ψυχισμού των εγγονιών τους. Αναλύθηκε ο υποστηρικτικός και συμβουλευτικός τους ρόλος ώσπου να οργανωθεί η νεοσύστατη οικογένεια καθώς και τα όρια που επιβάλλεται να τεθούν προκειμένου οι επεμβάσεις και παρεμβάσεις τους να είναι ομαλές και να μην οδηγήσουν σε ρήξη των σχέσεων της οικογένειας του ζευγαριού. Τονίζεται η συμπληρωματική και έμμεση εξουσία τους απέναντι στα εγγόνια και όχι η υποκατάσταση της γονεϊκής εξουσίας στα παιδιά. Αναλύεται η ικανότητά τους να βρίσκονται πιο «κοντά» στα παιδιά καθώς και η παρουσίαση προτύπων μέσα από την αφήγηση ιστοριών και παραμυθιών με τα οποία τα εγγόνια μπορούν να ταυτιστούν. Επίσης συζητούνται οι αποκλίσεις στο ρόλο του παππού και της γιαγιάς και οι κίνδυνοι που ελλοχεύουν από την κοινή τους συμβίωση. Δίδεται έμφαση στη δυναμική που αναπτύσσεται μέσα στην εκτεταμένη οικογένεια και αναλύονται οι πιθανές σχέσεις και μοντέλα που μπορεί να αναπτυχθούν. Η σχέση παππού – γιαγιάς και παιδιών είναι αμφίδρομη. Όχι μόνο τα εγγόνια γίνονται αποδέκτες αγάπης, στοργής και επικοινωνίας, αλλά και οι ηλικιωμένοι υποστηρίζονται συναισθηματικά ώστε να βρίσκονται σε εγρήγορση και να αισθάνονται «απαραίτητοι» και χρήσιμοι. Βελτιώνεται η διάθεσή τους, ψυχικά ισορροπούν, παρόλο που η κούραση και η εξάντληση έρχεται πιο γρήγορα: Τα εγγόνια λειτουργούν «αντικαταθλιπτικά» και «βελτιωτικά» στις φυσιολογικές νοητικές εκπτώσεις της ηλικίας.

“NEOPLASMATIC DISEASE OF THE PARENT AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS OF ADOLESCENCE: CLINICAL OBSERVATIONS AND THERAPEUTIC INTERVENTIONS” KARKANI, A, KOTTA, D., KOUROS, J. (Greece) Association of Psychology & Psychiatry for Adults & Children This paper studies and describes the coincidence of two crises in the family system. Thus of the parent suffering from neoplasmatic disease and puberty. We study the stages of the disease, beginning from the diagnosis up to the end yet, we focus mainly to the psychological condition of the patient so as of the rest of the family. This study perceives the parent suffering from cancer as a symptom, where entropy is expressed among the family members. The expression of entropy will lead the family dynamic to tremendous changes. The patient experiences contradictory feelings anger and fear, incapacity and despair. Yet dominant feeling is that of depression. At the same time, puberty as a developmental stage pushes the young person through dramatic changes and intense need to create his or her identity. While growing up the adolescent seeks and doubts the meaning of life and his existence by experiencing conflictual mood swings like fear and power, euphoria and melancholia. Thus the two crises in the family system coincide. The common point of the suffering parent and the young person is the depressive episodes. When the loss of the parent finally occurs the adolescent has to gain the bet and get out through bereavement unscathed and effectively. For this paper it is inevitable that all these procedures will happen in an organized therapeutic context either that of family, group, private sessions, so that he can keep up walking in life.

EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE, SOCIAL COMPETENCE IN ADOLESCENTS WITH MOBILITY DISABILITIES WITHIN A STRESS-RESILIENCE MODEL Eva Karaffová, Psychology of personality, Institute of Psychology, Academy of Sciences, Brno, CZECH REPUBLIC. To examine the influences from life stress and the hypothesized protective variables of social competence, emotional intelligence on quality of life in adolescents with mobility disabilities within a stress–resilience model. Variables were assessed with questionnaires completed by 89 adolescents with a mobility disability and healthy individuals (aged 11–15 years). Data was collected with The Child and Youth Resilience Measure, Trait EI Questionnaire and Tromso Social Intelligence Scale. The results confirmed the significant relationship of emotional intelligence with social intelligence as well as variability depending on the health state of adolescents and gender differences of emotional and social intelligence in both samples of students. The observed preferences of looking for understanding and emotional support by adolescent girls indicate the influence of gender on the selection of a certain type of resilience resources. Meaning and contribution of this study is seen in the identification of running and successful strategies and resources of resilience can show the ways how to improve the quality of life and the feeling of personal contentment in situations that are strenuous for a man. Next is to understand the needs of adolescents with disabilities and provide them promptings how to improve therapeutic work.

SEX DIFFERENCES IN ASKING FOR COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOLOGICAL SUPPORT FROM A SCIENTIFIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION - THERAPEUTIC CENTER (A.P.P.A.C.). J. KOUROS¹, A. KARKANI², D. KOTTA³ ¹ Psychiatrist, Child Psychologist A.E.P. Member, E.F.T.A. Member Association of Psychology & Psychiatry for Adults & Children- Athens, Greece “Hygeia” Hospital- Athens, Greece ² Family Therapist E.F.T.A. Association of Psychology & Psychiatry for Adults & Children- Athens, Greece “Lyrakos” Psychiatric Clinic- Athens, Greece ³² Family Therapist E.F.T.A. Association of Psychology & Psychiatry for Adults & Children- Athens, Greece In the present study, the reasons why people ask for psychological support according to their sex is being investigated. Data was obtained from the Association of Psychology & Psychiatry for Adults & Children (A.P.P.A.C.) from January 2002 until December 2006. The sample size was N=100, aged from 22 years to 65 years. Results indicated that there were population differences (62 women and 38 men) and statistically significant differences were found in the primary therapeutic goal of clients as well as their therapeutic course, according to their sex. More specifically, results indicated that women tend to seek counselling mostly for themselves and secondary for a family member: women aged 25-35 want to deal with personal problems, women aged 35-45 seek for counselling (mostly relationship-based), while women aged 45-65 mainly wish to resolve problems with their children. On the other hand, men aged 30-50 years usually require counselling when their symptoms seem to disable them to successfully function in their workplace. Men over 50 years old ask for counselling in order to resolve a problem concerning their children. These men usually end their sessions when symptoms become less severe, while women are found to be more consistent towards therapy. Finally, as far as their socioeconomic status is concerned research results indicated that men of high socioeconomic status do not easily accept that they need counselling, while women of high socioeconomic status are more receptive towards counselling. References Bebbington, P. (1987). Marital Status and Depression. Acta Psychiatr Scand, 75, 640-650 Camara, E.G.(1991). A Psychiatry out-patient Consultation Liaison Clinic Experience at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation. Psychosomatics, 32 (3), 304-308 Langsley. D.G. (1985) Community Psychiatry. In: Comprehensive textbook of Psychiatry IV, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1878-1999.

THE DEGREE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL DISTRESS ON HEART FAILURE PATIENTS P.Heras, M. Noni, M. Hera Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Nafplio, Nafplio, Greece PURPOSE: The diagnosis and treatment of heart failure (hf) may be associated with increased psychological distress and can subsequently increase the risk of developing a range of negative health outcomes. Despite this, remarkably little is known about the degree of psychological distress experienced by hf patients. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 31 patients with hf and 126 patients with other myocardiac diagnoses completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI/BSI-18) and the Problem Common Checklist (PCL) during outpatient registration. Socio-demographic characteristics were collected from patients' clinical files. RESULTS: A higher percentage of hf reported elevated distress across each subscale of the BSI and BSI-18 when compared to those diagnosed with other myocardiac diagnoses as a group. The most notable difference was established on the depression subscale, with 29.1% of hf patients reporting elevated depression compared to 19.2% of other myocardiac diagnoses. In addition, a significant difference was found in the percentage of males endorsing high depression levels when compared to females (35% vs 23.4%, p<0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Despite the small number of patients examined in our study, hf patients demonstrated elevated levels of psychological distress in comparison to those diagnosed with other myocardiac diagnoses.

THE PREVALENCE OF TYPE D PERSONALITY AMONG MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION SURVIVORS P.Heras, M. Noni, M.Hera Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Nafplio, Nafplio, Greece PURPOSE: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of Type D personality among myocardial infraction (mi) survivors and to obtain insight into its effects on health status, impact of mi, and health care utilization. METHODS: We selected 46 patients diagnosed with mi between 2004 and 2011. We have asked them to complete a questionnaire including Type D Personality Scale (DS14), Impact of MI Questionnaire (IOMI), and SF-36 and 80% responded (n=37). RESULTS: 22% of survivors were classified as Type D. They reported a clinically and statistically significant worse general health (57.9 vs 75.4), social functioning (73.2 vs 89.1), mental health (62 vs 81), more emotional role limitations (67.2 vs 89.1), and less vitality (54.6 vs 73) than non- Type D patients. Additionally, they reported a statistically and clinically relevant higher impact of mi on body changes, negative self-evaluation, negative outlook on life, life interferences, and health worry. No differences were found in health care utilization. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provided insight into the role of Type D personality on health status and impact of mi among mi survivors 1-10 years after diagnosis. The Type D scale has proven to be a useful screening tool in mi survivors to identify subgroups at risk for impaired health status and impact of mi.

ARE SEXIST LANGUAGE ASSUMPTIONS EMPIRICALLY GROUNDED? A PRIMING TEST OF SEXIST LANGUAGE HYPOTHESES Marin, Javier ,Pérez, Miguel A. ,Ortiz, Francisco Javier Conesa, Raquel Marcos, Lucía University of Murcia, Department of Psicología Básica y Metodología, Spain

Sexist language refers to some uses of language that are supposed to discriminate women negatively in their social and professional image and are the basis for some proposals to change language use to avoid such negative discrimination. In this study we try to test empirically some of those suppositions about the role of grammatical gender of Spanish words with a specifically designed task. Participants had to identify the sex of two line drawings of human silhouettes and decide if it was the same or different. In the presentation it was superimposed over the figures a prime word. Primes were words that are stated as in some anti-sexist language style manuals. For example, the word “estudiante” (the Spanish for student, a neutral gendered word following the Spanish grammar) is supposed as to refer only male students in these manuals. We have tested if prime effects associated with this kind of words are the same as explicit masculine gender words as “profesor” (he-teacher). Data do not confirm sexist hypothesis and give support to the grammar-view that prognosticates no sex-bias for words with neutral gender morphology. A complete examination of gender effects in substantives is presented with similar outcomes