Applied Exercise Physology

PEMES 3153 Exercise Physiology Study Guide Test 3

Chapter 9. Principles of Exercise Training 1. Be able to define muscular strength, muscular endurance and muscular power, aerobic power, anaerobic power. 2. Understand the following basic principles of training: individuality, specificity, reversibility progressive overload, and variation or periodization. Understand how these principles are used to develop training programs. 3. Know the fundamentals (Table 9.2) of training for strength, hypertrophy, power and muscular endurance. 4. Be able to differentiate between concentric, eccentric and static contractions. 5. Understand the difference between contractions using free weights and variable resistance. 6. Know the fundamentals listed in In Review, p. 219. 7. Know the purpose of core training. 8. Understand the general characteristics of Anaerobic and Aerobic power training programs and the contribution of the 3 energy systems to performances of different durations (Table 9.3).

Chapter 10. Adaptations to Resistance Training 1. Understand the three primary mechanisms of muscular strength increases via neural mechanisms (synchronization and recruitment of motor units; rate coding,; autogenic inhibition). 2. Understand the two mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy (fiber hypertrophy and fiver hyperplasia) and know which mechanism predominates. 3. Know the effect of immobilization and cessation of training on skeletal muscle. 4. Know whether fiber type alterations occur with training and to what degree fiber type alterations occur. 5. Know the basic mechanisms of acute muscle soreness and DOMS. 6. Know the two causes of exercise-associated muscle cramps.

Chapter 11. Adaptations to Aerobic and Anaerobic Training 1. Understand the effects of chronic endurance exercise training on the following: heart size, stroke volume, heart rate and heart rate recovery, cardiac output blood flow, blood pressure, blood volume, VO2, VO2max, pulmonary ventilation, a-v O2 diff, capillary supply, mitochondrial function, oxidative enzymes lactate threshold, RER 3. Understand the two potential limitations to endurance performance (utilization, delivery). 4. Understand how each of the following can affect the response to aerobic training, anaerobic training and muscular training: current level of conditioning, heredity, age, gender, and specificity of training. 5. Understand the effects of chronic anaerobic training on the ATP-PCr system and the glycolytic system.

Chapter 12. Exercise in Hot and Cold Environments: Thermoregulation (Interactive Physiology – Fluids & Electrolytes - Water Homeostasis) 1. Know the 4 methods (be able to define) for heat dissipation and which are more important during rest and during exercise. 2. Know the relationship between oxygen consumption, heat production and core temp. 3. Understand the effect of air temperature and humidity on heat regulation/heat loss of the body. 4. Know how dehydration specifically affects performance. 5. Know how the cardiovascular system adjusts to compensate for hyperthermia. 6. Know the specific recommendations for and appropriate make-up of fluids for replacing carbohydrates and electrolytes during exercise in the heat. Know the typical content of common sport drinks like Gatorade. (Also Chapter 14) 7. Know why sodium is normally added to sports drinks.(also Chapter 14) 8. Know the mechanisms of heat illness. 9. Know how heat acclimatization improves performance in the heat