Key Terms: Evidence for Evolution

KEY TERMS: EVIDENCE FOR EVOLUTION Standards - 6.A - The student is expected to: identify components of DNA, and describe how information for specifying the traits of an organism is carried in the DNA (R) 7.A - The student is expected to: analyze and evaluate how evidence of common ancestry among groups is provided by the fossil record, biogeography, and homologies, including anatomical, molecular, and developmental (R) KEY TERMS /DEFINITION Diagram KEY TERMS /DEFINITION Diagram Common Ancestor Fossil Record

Shared Decendants Information gathered over time by the collection of fossils

Cladogram Phylogeny

Picture Showing Evolutionary Study of Evolutionary Relationships Relationships

Continental Drift Biogeography

Movement of Continents Geographical Distribution of Species

Homologous Structure Bat Wing Vestigal Structure Appendix & SAME structure, different function Human Arm Structure we DON’T use anymore

Developmental Homology Analogous Structure

Embryology– study of organisms Same Function, Different Structure before birth

Embryology Molecular Homology

Comparisons between embryos Comparisons between DNA, RNA or (babies) protein

Vertebrate

Organisms with a vertebral column (backbone) KEY TERMS: MECHANISMS OF EVOLUTION & NATURAL SELECTION Standards - 7.C - The student is expected to: analyze and evaluate how natural selection produces change in populations, not individuals 7.D - The student is expected to: analyze and evaluate how the elements of natural selection, including inherited variation, the potential of a population to produce more offspring than can survive, and a finite supply of environmental resources, result in differential reproductive success 7.E - The student is expected to: analyze and evaluate the relationship of natural selection to adaptation and to the development of diversity in and among species (R) 7.F - The student is expected to: analyze and evaluate the effects of other evolutionary mechanisms, including genetic drift, gene flow, mutation, and recombination KEY TERMS /DEFINITION Diagram KEY TERMS /DEFINITION Diagram Charles Darwin Natural Selection

Father of Evolution/Natural Survival of the Best Adapted to Selection environment

Directional Selection Disruptive Selection

One extreme phenotype is favored Either extreme phenotype is instead of average phenotype favored, but NOT the average one

Stabilizing Selection Adaptation

Average phenotype is favored so Trait that makes you more “fit” (for much the extreme ones disappear your environment)

Adaptive Radiation Behavioral Adaptation

Occurs when an organism changes Things organisms do to survive quickly into many new forms

Differential Reproductive Success Finite Supply of Food

Organisms that are more “fit” Limited resources in environment reproduce more and increase their numbers within a population Genetic Drift Gene Flow

Random Changes in the number of Movement of Alleles (genes) into an Allele (gene) in a population or out of a population

Mutations Recombination

Change in Genetic Material (DNA) New genetic combinations made during crossing over (meiosis)

Allelic Frequency Gene Pool

How often an allele is seen-shows Types of genes in one reproductive genetic diversity group

Inherited Variation

Offspring do not look exactly like mom or dad because they have a unique set of genetic material KEY TERMS: HISTORY OF THE EARTH Standards - 7.B- The student is expected to: analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning any data of sudden appearance, stasis, and sequential nature of groups in the fossil record 7.G - The student is expected to: analyze and evaluate scientific explanations concerning the complexity of the cell 9.D - The student is expected to: analyze and evaluate the evidence regarding formation of simple organic molecules and their organization into long complex molecules having information such as the DNA molecule for self-replicating life. KEY TERMS /DEFINITION Diagram KEY TERMS /DEFINITION Diagram Cyanobacteria Primordial Soup Gets energy through photosynthesis; possibly 1st Theory stating organic molecules organism on earth; oxygenated came from the oceans to atmosphere eventually create living organisms Spontaneous Generation Endosymbiosis Mitochondria & Chloroplasts lived Theory that living organisms came without the cell and then went into from non-living materials a larger cell (making eukaryotic cells) Evolution Gradualism

Change over time Slow and Steady Change over time

Punctuated Equilibrium Convergent Evolution

Hurry up and wait Organisms evolve and become Rapid evolution followed by long more similar to each other periods of stability Divergent Evolution Stasis

Organisms evolve and become less No or Little Change within a species similar to each other, can lead to new species (speciation) Speciation

Making a new species