Exploration & Colonization Terms

EXPLORATION & COLONIZATION TERMS

COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE - widespread transfer of animals, plants, culture, slaves, diseases between the Eastern and Western hemispheres (Old World and New World).

NEW ENGLAND COLONIES - Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Connecticut, and Rhode Island. Economy based on shipbuilding, fishing, lumbering, small-scale subsistence farming, and eventually, manufacturing. Intolerant of other religions. The colonies prospered due to Puritans beliefs in hard work and thrift. Society based on religious standing.

PURITANS – Englishmen who believed the Anglican Church should purify or cleanse itself by abandoning its ritual and ceremony. Founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony

MAYFLOWER COMPACT- an agreement signed by the male passengers on the Mayflower to respect laws agreed upon for the general good of the colony.

DIRECT DEMOCRACY – Each member of the Puritan church could vote at town meetings and thereby participate directly in making the laws for that town. Practiced this form of government through TOWN MEETINGS.

ROGER WILLIAMS – religious dissenter founded the colony of Rhode Island to flee persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts

ANNE HUTCHINSON – religious dissenter founded the colony of Rhode Island to flee persecution by Puritans in Massachusetts

“GREAT AWAKENING” – a religious movement that swept both Europe and the colonies during the mid-1700s that developed the Protestant religions of Baptists and Methodists.

PRIVATE OWNERSHIP – The rightful possession of property

FREE ENTERPRISE – The freedom of private businesses to operate competitively for profit with minimal government regulation.

JAMESTOWN – the first permanent English settlement in North America founded in 1607

VA. HOUSE OF BURGESSES – the name of Virginia’s lawmaking body, since independence from Great Britain. It was the first elected assembly in the New World. Established by the 1640’s and still functions today as the GENERAL ASSEMBLY.

INDENTURED SERVANTS – people who agreed to work for a master for a fixed period of time in order to pay for passage to the New World

SLAVES – after indentured servants, provided the labor force for the plantations in the Southern colonies. First slaves come to Va. In 1619.

CASH CROPS – TRI – Tobacco, Rice and Indigo grown in the Southern colonies on the eastern coastal lowlands on plantations for export to Europe.

VA. CAVALIERS – English nobility, who received large land grants in eastern Virginia from the King of England

SOUTHERN COLONIES – Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Georgia. Economy based on cash crops like tobacco, rice, and indigo. Society based on family status and ownership of land. Maintained closer ties to England and allegiance

MIDDLE COLONIES – New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware. Economy based on shipbuilding, small-scale farming, and trading. English, Dutch and German-speaking immigrants settled the region. Home to many religions- Quakers in Penn., Huguenots and Jews in New York and Presbyterians in NJ.

TRIANGLE TRADE - Trade among three ports or regions. Americas, Africa, and Europe. Rum / slaves / sugar

MIDDLE PASSAGE - the cruel and inhuman transportation of African slaves by ship from Africa to the New World

VA. COMPANY OF LONDON - Business venture that paid for the Jamestown settlement.