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Europrise SCIENCE UPDATE Issued on every Monday - The Companion to the EUROPRISE NEWS (issued on every Friday) - Sources: NCBI (NLM/NIH) – MIS (Medical Intelligence Solutions) - Scope: S&T information of interest to any organisation involved in HIV/AIDS PREVENTION RESEARCH AND INNOVATION – i.e. research re science, technology, strategies and policies - Distribution: free Search Term : “HIV” Selection ratio: +/- 65/100 -

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EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE N° 10-17

INCLUDING SELECTED TITLES FROM RECENT ( BANFF, ETC.) CONFERENCES

26 April 2010

WEEK 10-17

Main Headings

Microbicides...... 17 Diagnosis...... 18 Epidemiology...... 23 Health economics...... 36 Immunology...... 38 Pathology...... 54 Recommendations & Policies...... 64 Therapy, others...... 70 Vaccines, clinical...... 71 Vaccines, research...... 72 Virology...... 74 Selected from Recent Conferences (Source: MIS)...... 81

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------Free for Distribution to any interested reader - EUROPRISE contact: [email protected] Searching within this issue use EDIT / SEARCH function of MS Word Accuracy of information depends on reliability of sources The Europrise members do not necessarily share the opinions expressed in the reported items EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

CONTENTS

To go to item please click on page number in this table To go to PubMed click on link below the abstract When you have a subscription to the concerned source you can also access the complete article from PubMed by clicking on source in the window Please check with your library for copyright compliance in so doing Microbicides...... 17 Acceptability and Adherence of a Candidate Microbicide Gel Among High-Risk Women in Africa and India ...... 17 Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Topical Microbicide Formulations in the Pigtailed Macaque: Product Distribution and Transport ...... 17 Diagnosis...... 17 Use of the Rapid HIV Test in the Newborn and Cord Blood ...... 17 Easier Said Than Done: HIV Screening in Pediatric Primary Care ...... 18 Patterns of HIV Testing in Adolescent Couples ...... 18 Implementation of Opt-Out Oral Rapid HIV Screening in the Pediatric Emergency Department in an Urban Area With High Prevalence of HIV Infection ...... 19 SPiral Isothermal DNA Replication (SPIDR): A Novel Method for Nucleic Acid Amplification and Role in Rapid Infectious Disease Diagnostics ...... 19 An Integrated, Self-Contained Microfluidic Cassette for Isolation, Amplification, and Detection of Nucleic Acids ...... 19 Need for Point-of-Care HIV Molecular Diagnostic Technologies in Resource-Limited Settings. Proceedings From the Workshop "Novel Technologies in Rapid HIV-1 Viral Detection" ...... 20 Highly Variable Use of Diagnostic Methods for Sexually Transmitted Infections - Results of a Nationwide Survey, Germany 2005 ...... 20 The Role of HIV-DNA Testing in Clinical Practice ...... 21 Need for Point-of-Care HIV Molecular Diagnostic Technologies in Resource-Limited Settings. Proceedings From the Workshop "Novel Technologies in Rapid HIV-1 Viral Detection" ...... 21 A Simple Fluorescence Based Assay for Quantification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Particle Release ...... 22 Epidemiology...... 23 HIV Risk Behavior in Treatment-Seeking Opioid-Dependent Youth: Results From a NIDA Clinical Trials Network Multisite Study ...... 23 [Epidemiology of HIV. Update] ...... 23 Sexual Behavior and Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among University Students in Sao Paulo, Brazil ...... 24

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Prevalence and Pattern of Disclosure of HIV Status in HIV-Infected Children in Ghana ...... 25 Practice of Feeding Premasticated Food to Infants Among HIV-Infected Mothers .... 25 Trends in Pediatric HIV Hospitalizations ...... 25 PRBC Transfusion and Infection Risk: What Have We Learned From Hepatitis and HIV, and What Might the Future Hold? ...... 25 Love, Trust and Condom Use in Serious Teen Relationships ...... 26 Change Over Time in the HIV/AIDS Risk Perceptions of South African Youth ...... 26 Sugar Daddies Syndrome: Elderly Sexual Behaviour and Implications for the Spread of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria ...... 26 Community HIV Prevalence and Parity Progression ...... 26 Environmental Change, Risky Sexual Behavior, and the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: Exploring Linkages Through Livelihoods in Rural Haiti ...... 26 Using Population Policies and Non-Governmental Organizations to Explain HIV/AIDS Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa ...... 27 Perceptions of Risk and Sexual Behavior Change Following Adult Male Circumcision in Urban Swaziland ...... 27 Gender, Family, and HIV/AIDS in Lesotho ...... 27 Risky Sexual Behavior, Substance Abuse and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Street Adolescents in India ...... 27 Community Factors Shaping the Sexual Behavior of Married Males in 8 African Countries ...... 28 Nepali College Students' Susceptibility to HIV ...... 28 Condom Use Negotiation and Practice Among Married Women in Vietnam ...... 28 In Search of the Holy Grail: Improving Assessments of Sexual Activity in Population Surveys Through Collecting Biomarkers ...... 28 Non Use of Condoms by Men in Marital Unions in Cameroon ...... 28 Global Trends in AIDS Mortality ...... 29 Sexual Concurrency in Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe: The Role of Gender, Economic Status, and Migration ...... 29 Transactional Sex and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Women in Uganda . 29 Frequency of HIV Type 2 Infections Among Blood Donor Population From India: a 10-Year Experience ...... 29 Next Steps for Ukraine Abolition of HIV Registries, Implementation of Routine Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Expansion of Services ...... 30 Impact of Injecting Drug Use on Mortality in Danish HIV-Infected Patients: a Nation- Wide Population-Based Cohort Study ...... 30

Pregnancy and HIV Infection in Young Women in North Carolina ...... 31 Sexual and Drug Use Risk Behaviors of Long-Haul Truck Drivers and Their Commercial Sex Contacts in New Mexico ...... 32 The Situation of Romanian HIV-Positive Adolescents: Results From the First National Representative Survey ...... 32 Sex Frequency and Sex Planning Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Bangkok, Thailand: Implications for Pre- and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis Against HIV Infection ...... 33 Recording of Maternal Deaths in an East African University Hospital ...... 34 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Behavior Among Female Substance Abusers34 HIV Transmission Risk Through Anal Intercourse: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Implications for HIV Prevention ...... 35 Impulsive SUI Epidemic Model for HIV/AIDS With Chronological Age and Infection Age ...... 36 Health economics...... 36 Patient Costs of Accessing Collaborative Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Interventions in Ethiopia ...... 36 HIV-Related Deaths and Economic Shocks: Does Survivors' Consumption Recover Over Time in Kwazulu-Natal? ...... 37 Health Financing in Brazil, Russia and India: What Role Does the International Community Play? ...... 37 Immunology...... 38 A Novel Polymorphism in ABCB1 Gene, CYP2B6*6 and Sex Predict Single-Dose Efavirenz Population Pharmacokinetics in Ugandans ...... 38 Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Patients With Chronic HIV Infection ...... 38 Caveolin-1 Modulates HIV-1 Envelope Induced Bystander Apoptosis Through Gp41 ...... 39 Protein Kinase A Phosphorylation Activates Vpr-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Infection ...... 40 Live Cell Co-Imaging of the Genomic RNAs and Gag Proteins of Two Lentiviruses . 40 HIV-1 Nef Associates With P22-Phox, a Component of the NADPH Oxidase Protein Complex ...... 41 First-Year Lymphocyte T CD4+ Response to Antiretroviral Therapy According to the HIV Type in the IeDEA West Africa Collaboration ...... 41 Induction of Systemic HIV-1-Specific Cellular Immune Responses by Oral Exposure in the Uninfected Partner of Discordant Couples ...... 42 CXCR4 in Clinical Hematology ...... 43

Abundant Expression of HIV Target Cells and C-Type Lectin Receptors in the Foreskin Tissue of Young Kenyan Men ...... 44 FoxP3 Overexpression and CD1a(+) and CD3(+) Depletion in Anal Tissue As Possible Mechanisms for Increased Risk of Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Carcinoma in HIV Infection ...... 44 Innate Inhibitory Activity of Amniotic Fluid Against HIV-1: A Potential Role in Prevention of In Utero Transmission ...... 45 Defining Immune Abnormalities and Their Consequences in the HIV Exposed but Uninfected Child ...... 45 Determinants of the Interpersonal Variation in Treatment Response to Anti-HlV Nucleoside Analogs ...... 46 Establishment of Hematologic and Immunologic Reference Values for Healthy Tanzanian Children in the Kilimanjaro Region ...... 46 Sevi, A Natural Enhancer of Hiv Infection, As A Novel Target to Prevent Hiv Transmission ...... 46 The Role of Ferritin Heavy Chain and Opiates in Neuroaids: A Systematic in Vivo Analysis of A Novel Cxcr4 Regulator Within the Human Cortex ...... 47 The Hiv Glycoprotein Gp120 Impairs Fast Axonal Transport by A Mechanism Involving Activation of Selected Phosphotransferases ...... 47 Genital Secretions From Hiv Infected Women Exhibit Decreased Activity Against Hsv-2 ...... 47 Cocaine Use Predicts Lack of Virologic Control Based on A Rapid Screening Tool for Adherence and Active Substance Abuse in An Outpatient Hiv Clinic ...... 47 Monocyte Dysregulation Is Induced by Nef Exosome Endocytosis ...... 48 EBV, Lymphoma-Risk and the Potential Role of HIV-Infection for IBD Patients Undergoing Immunosuppression ...... 48 Modularity in Protein Interaction Network Hubs Predicts Viral Host-Pathogen Interactions ...... 48 Comparative Host-Pathogen Interactome Mapping for HIV and HTLV Retroviruses: Unraveling New Therapeutic Opportunities for Retroviral Associated Diseases ...... 48 Functional Insights From Protein-Protein and Genetic Interaction Maps ...... 49 Neoepitope Antibodies to Monitor Proteolytic Networks ...... 49 Generation of a Family-Specific Phage Library of Llama Single Chain Antibody Fragments That Neutralize HIV-1 ...... 49 Prognostic Value of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell-Associated HIV-1 DNA for Virological Outcome in Asymptomatic HIV-1 Chronic Infection ...... 50 CCR2 Plays a Critical Role in Dendritic Cell Maturation: Possible Role of CCL2 and NF-{Kappa}B ...... 51 Mhc Haplotype M3 Is Associated With Early Control of SHIVsbg Infection in Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaques ...... 51 ------5 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

HIV+ Elite Controllers Have Low HIV-Specific T-Cell Activation Yet Maintain Strong, Polyfunctional T-Cell Responses ...... 52 Kinetics of Interaction of HIV Fusion Protein (Gp41) With Lipid Membranes Studied by Real-Time AFM Imaging ...... 53 Antibodies: Beyond Neutralization ...... 53 Inhibition of DC-SIGN-Mediated Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signalling in Breast Milk Macrophages ...... 53 Pathology...... 54 Sporothrix Schenckii Meningitis in AIDS During Immune Reconstitution Syndrome54 Incidence of Tuberculosis in People Living With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Saudi Arabia ...... 55 The Association Between Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and HIV Acquisition Among Women in Zimbabwe ...... 55 HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities ...... 56 Tuberculosis Rates Among HIV-Infected Persons in New York City, 2001-2005 ...... 57 HIV-Associated Lymphoma ...... 57 Higher Mortality in HIV-2/HTLV-1 Co-Infected Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, Compared to HIV-2-Positive HTLV-1-Negative Patients ...... 57 Global Health Lessons From HIV and Hepatitis Co-Infection in China ...... 58 Colonization With Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents in Brooklyn, NY ...... 58 HIV Subtype A Is Associated With Poorer Neuropsychological Performance Compared to Subtype D in ART-Naïve Ugandan Children ...... 59 Morbidities of Late Preterm Infants Born From 1993-2007 in a Tertiary Care Center .59 Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction in HIV-Infected Patients in France, Relative to the General Population ...... 59 [Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Renal Diseases in HIV Infected Patients. Recommendations of the Spanish AIDS Study Group/National AIDS Plan.] ...... 60 Seroprevalence Of Common Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections In Hiv-Positive Adults ...... 60 Beta-Chemokine Production by Neural and Glial Progenitor Cells Is Enhanced by HIV-1 Tat: Effects on Microglial Migration ...... 61 Memantine for AIDS Dementia Complex: Open-Label Report of ACTG 301 ...... 62 HIV-1 and Kidney Cells: Better Understanding of Viral Interaction ...... 62

Septicaemia in a Population-Based HIV Clinical Cohort in Rural Uganda, 1996-2007: Incidence, Aetiology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy ...... 63 Recommendations & Policies...... 64 Impact of Introducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing, Treatment and Care in a Tuberculosis Clinic in Rural Kenya ...... 64 Doubts Remain, Risks Persist: HIV Prevention Knowledge and HIV Testing Among Drug Users in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil ...... 65 Senegalese Religious Leaders' Perceptions of HIV/AIDS and Implications for Challenging Stigma and Discrimination ...... 65 Meanings of Sex, Concepts of Risk and Sexual Practices Among Migrant Coal Miners in Quang Ninh, Vietnam ...... 66 Assessment of Safety and Toxicity Following Maternal Antiretroviral Exposure in Infants Born to HIV-1-Infected Women Enrolled in Antiretroviral Treatment Protocols in Diverse Areas of the World. Six Month Results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study 5190/Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 1054 ...... 66 Relative Efficacy of an HIV Prevention Intervention Among Diverse High-Risk Youth in San Diego, California ...... 67 Pediatricians' Attitudes and Counseling Practices Regarding Neonatal Male Circumcisions ...... 67 Men's Labor Migration and Women's Informal Communication on HIV/AIDS in Mozambique ...... 67 Women Who Know: The Relationship Between Risk and HIV Testing ...... 67 Circumcision, Information, and HIV Prevention ...... 68 Best Practices in Global STI/HIV Prevention ...... 68 HIV/AIDS in the Slums Of Nairobi: The Capacity of the Private Health Sector to Respond to the High Disease Burden ...... 68 The Context of Condom Use Among Young Adults in the Philippines: Implications for HIV Risk Prevention ...... 68 Addressing Comprehensive Knowledge As a Strategy to Mitigate HIV Related Risk Behavior Among Young Men in India ...... 68 Media Exposure on Condom Use Among Adolescents Age 12 - 19 in Ghana: Application of the TPB Model ...... 69 Formative Work Towards Utilization of Networks to Build Upon Existing Hiv Prevention Programs for High Risk Men in India ...... 69 Information and Communication: a Library's Local Response to HIV/AIDS in Zambia ...... 69 Findings in Humanized-Mouse Model Suggest Benefit of Further Studies in HIV Pre- Exposure Prophylaxis ...... 70 Therapy, others...... 70 ------7 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

Associations With Virologic Treatment Failure in Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa ...... 70 Is It Time to Treat HIV Elite Controllers With Combined Antiretroviral Therapy? ...... 71 Vaccines, clinical...... 71 Heterologous Prime-Boost HIV-1 Vaccination Regimens in Pre-Clinical and Clinical Trials ...... 71 Vaccines, research...... 72 Antibody-Mediated Protection Against Mucosal SHIV Challenge of Macaques Immunized With Alphavirus Replicon Particles and Boosted With Trimeric Envelope Glycoprotein in MF59 Adjuvant ...... 72 Selection of a Rare Neutralization-Resistant Variant Following Passive Transfer of Convalescent Immune Plasma in EIAV-Challenged SCID Horses ...... 73 Increased Sensitivity of HIV Variants Selected by Attachment Inhibitors to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies ...... 73 Virology...... 74 Mannose-Rich Glycosylation Patterns on HIV-1 Subtype C Gp120 and Sensitivity to the Lectins, Griffithsin, Cyanovirin-N and Scytovirin ...... 74 Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance Associated Mutations and HIV-1 Subtypes in New HIV-1 Diagnoses, U.S.-2006 ...... 75 Simultaneous Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Drug Resistant Minority Genotypes by a Multiplex Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay ...... 75 HIV Classification Using Coalescent Theory ...... 76 Characterization and Frequency of a Newly Identified HIV-1 BF1 Intersubtype Circulating Recombinant Form in Sao Paulo, Brazil ...... 76 [The Results of a Study of HIV-1 Resistance in the Area of Yamal and the Comparison of the Frequency of Mutations With Different Score Values] ...... 77 HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Individuals Maintaining High Viral Load As Potential Targets for the "Test-and-Treat" Approach to Reduce HIV Transmission ...... 78 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Protease Codon 36 Polymorphisms and the Differential Development of Resistance to Nelfinavir, Lopinavir and Atazanavir in Different HIV-1 Subtypes ...... 79 The HIV-1 Matrix Protein P17 Activates the Transcription Factors C-Myc and CREB in Human B Cells ...... 79 HIV-1 Subtype C Transmission Network: The Phylogenetic Reconstruction Strongly Supports the Epidemiological Data ...... 80 [Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 With R5 Tropism Among HIV-1 Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients in Spain.] ...... 80 [The Results of a Study of HIV-1 Resistance in the Area of Yamal and the Comparison of the Frequency of Mutations With Different Score Values] ...... 81

Selected from Recent Conferences (Source: MIS)...... 81 Microbicides ...... 81 Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Gel-Formulated Saquinavir As Vaginal Microbicide: Anti- HIV-1 Activity and Phar-Maceutical Availability in Biorelevant Media...... 81 Diagnosis ...... 82 The Roche CAP/CTM V2.0 and the Abbott ReaITime HIV-1 Assays Perform Equally for Quantification of Viral Load in HIV-1 B and Non-B Subtypes...... 82 Epidemiology ...... 82 Trends in HIV-1 Epidemic Among MSM in Israel...... 82 Mother to Child Transmission of Hiv Infected Pregnant Women From 2000 to 2007 in Catalonia (Spain): the Nenexp Project...... 82 Health economics ...... 82 Raltegravir - Could a Lower Dose Improve Access for People With HIV in Developing Countries? ...... 82 Immunology ...... 83 Discordant Immunodominant Patterns of HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells Defined by Cytokine Production or Proliferative Capacity in HIV Elite Controllers...... 83 Discordant Immunodominant Patterns of HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells Defined by Cytokine Production or Proliferative Capacity in HIV Elite Controllers...... 83 CTL-Escape Nef Variants Influence CCR5 Down-Regulation and HIV Superinfection Susceptibility ...... 83 Genetic Testing for HLA-B*5701 in HIV-Infected Patients: Candidates for Abacavir Therapy...... 83 Investigating Pro-and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Patients With Advanced HIV-1 Infection, Characterised by the Presence of Opportunistic Infections...... 84 Susceptibility of Cells From the Female Upper Reproductive Tract to Infection by Transmitted/Founder HIV-1...... 84 Secretion of MHC Class I Chain-Related Protein A in Chronic HIV-1 Infection Leads to Impaired Control of HIV-1 Replication...... 84 How Does Neutralization Breadth Develop in HIV Infection?...... 84 Regulatory T Cells Control HIV Replication in Activated T Cells Through Contact-Dependent and Independent Pathways...... 85 A Large-Scale Analysis of Immunoglobulin Sequences Derived From Plasmablasts/Plasma Cells in Acute HIV-1 Infection Subjects...... 85 Myeloid Dendritic Cells During the Chronic Stage of HIV Infection Upregulate LPS-Responsive Genes...... 85 The Cross-Reactive Capacity of HIV-Specific CTLs Towards HIV Variant Antigens Is Dependent on Their Cognate Peptides...... 85 Combined Blockade of the PD-1 and IL-10 Pathways Synergistically Enhance HIV-Specific CD4 T Cell Functions...... 85 IL-16 DCs Loaded With Complement-Opsonised HIV Efficiently Induce Expansion of Naive CD8+T Cells...... 86 FCGR Genetics in HIV Disease...... 86 Changes in Host Microrna Expression in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Following HIV-1 Infection...... 86 Integrative Genomic Analysis of HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Reveal That BATF Is a Key Regulator of T Cell Exhaustion...... 86 HIV-1 Neutralization in Primary Cells Is Less Efficient When Infection Is Mediated by Cell-Cell Interaction...... 87 Differential NK Cell Subset Involvement in ADCC or Respond to MHC Class 1 Negative Target Cells...... 87 Prevalence of Vaccine-Preventable Infections Among Hiv-Infected Children in the Uk and Ireland Over 12 Years, 1996-2007...... 87 Interleukin (IL)-21, but Not IL-2, Induces Antiviral Activity and Costimulatory Molecules in CD8 T Cells Without Promoting HIV Replication...... 87 Maintaining CD28 Expression Prevents Replicative Senescence in Human CD 8 T Cells...... 87 ------9 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

Impact of GB Virus C (Hepatitis G Virus) in HIV-1 Pathogenesis...... 88 Host Determinants of HIV-1 Control in African Americans...... 88 APOBEC3G Expression Is Induced in Highly HIV Susceptible CD4+CCR6+T Cells by CCR6 Ligands...... 88 A Chinese Rhesus Macaque Model for Testing "Live" Microbicides...... 88 Phenotypical and Functional Studies of CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells and NK Cells in Patients With Primary HIV-1 Infection Treated With Interleukin-2...... 89 Low Levels of Varicella-Specific Antibodies in Treated Hiv-Infected Children Results From Failure to Reactivate Anti-Vzv Memory Responses, Rather Than Lower Initial Responses Or Accelerated Antibody Loss...... 89 Human NK Inhibitory Receptor KIR3DL1 Recognition of Conserved Regions of HLA-B...... 89 Innate Sensing of HIV-Infected Cells...... 89 Mathematical Models of Persistent Infections...... 90 Differences in the Frameshift-Regulating P1-Site in Treatment-Naive and PIresistant HIV Isolates ...... 90 The Role of Adapter Protein-1 in MHC-I Trafficking in Antigen Presenting Cells...... 90 Multiparametric Flow Analysis of HIV-Specific CD8 T-Cell Mediated Virus Inhibition...... 90 MHC Haplotype M3 Is Associated With Early Control of SHIVsbg Infection in Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaques...... 90 Characterization of A4ß7 Integrin Expression on Cervical T Lymphocytes...... 91 SIVmac251infection of Rhesus Macaques Destroys Secondary Lymphoid Tissue Architecture and Depletes Naïve T Cell Populations...... 91 Early Selection for Escape Mutation in an SIV Nef Epitope Following Adoptive Transfer of Virus- Specific CD8+ Tcell Clones During Acute Infection...... 91 Protective Effects of Monomeric and Dimeric Forms of the 2G12 Neutralizing Antibody Against HIV-1 Infection in a Modified Humanized Mouse Model...... 91 Setting Up Multiple Barricades Along the HIV Infection Pathway-Learning From Genetic Pathway Profile of HIV Resistant Sexworkers...... 92 Evaluation of Solid Matrix Transport Device (SampleTanker®) for Transport of Plasma Between Clinical Sites for HIV-1 Resistance and Antibody Testing...... 92 HLA-B35-Cw4 Increases Both Vertical HIV Transmission and Progression...... 92 Recognition of Cryptic Epitopes Is a Ubiquitous Feature of AIDS Virus Infection...... 92 Differences in HIV Entry and Trafficking in Primary Lymphocytes Versus Epithelial Cell Line Models: Implications for the Assessment of HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies...... 92 Estimating HIV Stoichiometries...... 93 Cd8 T Cell Responses to a Novel, Highly Conserved HLA-A*0201(A2) Epitope in HIV Gag...... 93 The Role of NK/DC Cross-Talk in HIV Pathogenesis...... 93 An Investigation into the Role of a CD4 Polymorphism in Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection in an African Female Sex Worker Cohort...... 93 Loss of Polyclonal Memory B-Cells During Chronic HIV Infection Is Driven by FOX03a-and TRAIL- Mediated Apoptosis and Is Rescued by IL-2...... 93 Role of IL-7 and Type I IFN in Immune Activation of T Cells in HIV Infection...... 94 Antigen Processing Influences HIV-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Immunodominance...... 94 Molecular Architecture of Trimeric SIV and HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins...... 94 Extensive HLA-Driven Viral Diversity Following a Narrow-Source HIV-1 Outbreak in Rural China ...... 94 Receptors and Pathways Utilized by Dendritic Cells for Antigen Presentation of Free and Complement Opsonized HIV...... 95 Antibody VRC01: To Be or Not To Be Like CD4...... 95 A Multiparametric FACS Assay to Assess HIV-1 Tropism on T Cell Subsets...... 95 Vaccinating Hiv-Positive Children in the West Midlands...... 95 Diversity of the CD8+T Cell Repertoire Responding to an Immunodominant Epitope Does Not Depend on the Context of Infection...... 95 Co-Localization of Antigen Processing and Receptor Binding Sites in HIV Gp120: A Mechanism to Explain the Difficulty in Eliciting Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies...... 96 Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, Virus Strategies and Sterilising Immunity...... 96 CD4+ T Cell Mediated B Cell Activation in Response to Inactivated HIV-1 Is Highly Correlated With the Level of HIV-1 Viremia...... 96

T Regulatory Cells in HIV-2 Infections Are Significantly Lower Than HIV-1 and Positively Correlate With Immune Activation and Viral Loads...... 96 Gut-Homing Potential of and Th17 Profiles of HIV-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-Cells in HIV- Infected Subjects With Slow Disease Progression...... 97 HIV Controller CD4+ T Cells Respond to Minimal Amounts of Gag Antigen Due to High TCR Avidity...... 97 Early Genital Tract Compartmentalization During Acute SIV Infection...... 97 Synergistic Effect of Bacterial LPS and HIV Virions on Memory B Cell Death...... 97 Prevalent HLA Class I Allele Combinations Result in a Lack of HIV-1-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses and Higher Viral Set Point...... 98 HIV-1 Control After Treatment Interruption Is Associated to Low Levels of HIV-1 DNA...... 98 Elite Controllers Recognize A Novel Subdominant Epitope in HIV Gag P24...... 98 Regulation of IRF-1 Expression and Responsiveness to IFN-Gamma in Kenyan Women Resistant to HIV-1 Infection Involves NF-KappaB Binding and Epigenetic Controls Via HDAC2 Recruitment ...... 98 Comprehensive Analysis of Frequency and Phenotvpe of T Regulatory Cells in HIV Infection: CD39 Expression on FoxP3+T Regulatory Cells in HIV Infection Correlates With Disease Progression...... 99 Dynamics of CTL Epitope Escape and Reversion in an African Subtype C Cohort...... 99 Synthesis of Novel CADA Analog Prodrugs Designed As Down- Modulators of the CD4 Receptor ...... 99 Memory Phenotypes of Polyfunctional HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses...... 99 Vaginal Langerhans Cells Resist Genomic Integration of HIV-1 but Transmit Endocytosed Virions to Susceptible Target Cells...... 100 Exploring HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer Stability...... 100 Induction of PD-1 Ligands on Primary Human Macrophages by HIV-1 Virions...... 100 Patient Specific Transcriptional Profiling of Early Acute HIV-1 Infection...... 100 Nonpathogenic Natural SIV Infection...... 101 Identification and Characterization of Early Founder Populations in Rhesus Macaques Vaginally Infected With SIVmac251...... 101 Rapid Degranulation of NK Cells Following Activation by HIV-Specific Antibodies...... 101 Immunological and Viral Evolution on Failing Dual Boosted Protease Inhibitor Regimen in HIV-1- Infected Salvage Patients...... 101 Prediction of Neutralization Breadth by a HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody...... 101 A Systems Biology Approach for Immune Monitoring in HIV Resistant Sex Workers From Nairobi, Kenya...... 102 Mucosal Immune Responses to HIV Infection...... 102 Analysis of HIV-1 Gag Epitopes of Two HLA Class I Alleles Associated With Different Outcomes of HIV-1 Infection in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort...... 102 Influence of HLA-G Polymorphisms on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Hepatitis C Virus Co-Infection in Brazilian Patients...... 102 The Presence of Neutralizing and Non-Neutralizing Anti-HIV Antibodies Inhibits the Mobility of the Virus in Cervical Mucus...... 103 Regulatory T Cells and Immune Activation in the Rectal Mucosa of HIV+ Subjects...... 103 Rapid Progression of Disease in HIV-2 Related to HLA-B15 Genotype...... 103 Performance Evaluation of Two Multiplex Technologies for the Measurement of Serum Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals...... 103 Spread of HIV Through T Cell Virological Synapses Enhances Multiplicity of Infection...... 103 Does Increased Expression of HLA-C Allow Better Control of HIV-1 Viral Load?...... 104 Exploring Antibody Recognition of the V3 Region on HIV-1...... 104 Multiple, Distinct Regulatory T Cell Populations Control Peripheral Blood and Liver Immunity to Human Hepatitis C Virus Infections...... 104 CTL Responses to HIV-1 During Acute and Chronic Infection...... 104 Soluble IL-7Ra (CD127) Decreases IL-7 Activity and Is Increased in HIV Infection...... 105 Unravelling CD4 T Cell Dysfunction During Chronic Infection...... 105 NK/DC Crosstalk and Regulation of Adaptive Immunity...... 105 Damaged Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Tissue Macrophage Dysfunction Underlie Microbial Translocation in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections...... 105

Altered Sema4D Expression During HIV-1 Infection Is Associated With Decreased HIV-Specific T Cell Responses...... 106 Significant Impairment in Innate Immune Cells Recruitment by Chronic Untreated Antibodies to Mediate ADCC...... 106 Association of HLA-DRB1*0101 Exon 2 Mutations With HIV Progression...... 106 Neutralization of HIV-1 by Breast Milk in a Fc ? Receptor Expressing Cell Line...... 106 Type I Interferon Increases the Sensitivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes to CD95/Fas-Mediated Apoptosis...... 106 Absent Correlation Between Cross-Reactive HIV-1 Specific Neutralizing Activity in Serum and the Clinical Course of HIV-1 Infection...... 107 Immunodominant HIV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses Are Common to Blood and Rectal Mucosa, and Gag-Specific Mucosal Responses Dominate in HIV Controllers...... 107 Recently Transmitted HIV and the Early Neutralizing Antibody Response...... 107 Role of PI3K and Autophagy in Virus-Stimulated IFN-a Production by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells...... 107 Viral Regulation of a TLR/RLR-Independent Program of Host Cell Recognition of HIV Infection108 Investigation of the Sensitivity of Acute-Phase HIV-1 Isolates to Type I Interferons...... 108 HIV-1 Infection Sensitizes CD4+ T Cells to Cell Death Induced by TNF-Alpha...... 108 B Cells Diversify the HIV Env Genes and Promote Anti-Env Immunity...... 108 Concurrent Up-Regulation of Activation/Maturation Receptors and IFN-a by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Response to HSV and HIV...... 108 Induction and Maintenance of Systemic IL10 in Chronic LCMV Infection...... 109 Identification of an IL-7 Responsive CD4+ Lymphoid Tissue Inducer Cell From Adult Human Blood ...... 109 Higher Peripheral Treg Frequencies and T Cell Activation but Lower Absolute Treg Numbers in HIV-1 Chronic Progressors Compared to Elite Controllers...... 109 HLA-B*5701 in HIV Infected Patients: Relevance for Abacavir Hypersensitivity...... 109 HLA Allelic Distribution in HIV-1 Monoinfected Patients and HIV-1/HCV Coinfected Patients in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil...... 109 The Antiviral Factor APOBEC3G Improves CTL Recognition of HIV-Infected T Cells: Linking Intrinsic and Adaptive Immune Responses...... 110 Bioinformatical Analvsis of Epitope Repertoire of HLA Class I Alleles Associated With Different Outcomes of HIV-1 Infection...... 110 Natural Killer Cell Function and Disease Progression in Portuguese Patients With HIV - an Immunogenetic Perspective...... 110 Loss of TRAF1 From Ag-Specific T Cells During Persistent Viral Infection Leads to Desensitization of the 4-1BB Signaling Pathway...... 110 Contribution of Siglec-1 to HIV-1 Infection of Macrophages...... 111 Isolation of Cross-Clade HIV-Neutralizing Human Antibodies From Memory B Cell Repertoires Using Short Term Culture and High-Throuehput Primarv Neutralization Screens...... 111 An Analysis of Genital Tract Derived HIV From Heterosexual Transmission Pairs...... 111 HLA Class I Associations With Viral Variation Predicts a New HIV RT-Specific T-Cell Epitope in a Single-Source HIV-1 Outbreak in Rural China...... 111 IL-2 Induces Perforin Mediated Cytotoxicity in CD4 Cells Via STAT5 Signaling...... 112 Adaptation of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein to Humoral Immunity at a Population Level...... 112 Reduced Replication Capacity of Recombinant Viruses Encoding Acute/Early HIV-1 Gag- Protease Sequences From Individuals Expressing Protective HLA Class I Alleles...... 112 Temporal Analysis of SlVmac239 Infection and Evolution in 12 Cynomolgous Macaques...... 112 Altered NK Cell Differentiation of CD56bright/CD16-NK Cells With Down-Regulation of CCR7 Is Associated With Increased Viral Load in HIV-1 Infection...... 113 Evidence That GC1qR and DC-SIGN Associate on the Surface of Immature Dendritic Cells.....113 PD-1 Is Upregulated on Natural Killer Cells in Chronic HIV-1 Infection...... 113 Comprehensive Analysis of Escape Mutation From HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells Restricted by Asian Allele HLA-B*5401...... 113 HIV-1 Up-Regulates Type 1 Long-Interspersed Nuclear Elements Retrotransposition by Vif and Vpr...... 114 Viral Load in HIV+ Partner Associates With Exposed Uninfected Partners' Capacity to Neutralize HIV-1 in Vitro...... 114

Development of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Heterologous HIV Viruses Is Common and Correlated With Viral Evolution to Escape Neutralizing Antibodies...... 114 HLA-B*57 and -B*58 Fail to Control HIV Clade AE in Thailand...... 114 Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on Mucosal T-Cells in HIV Infection...... 115 Influence of HLA-Bw4 Alleles Protective for HIV on NK Cell Polyfunctional Potential...... 115 Pathogenic SIVmac251 Infection Induces a Striking Acute-Phase Systemic Cytokine Response Similar to That Observed in Acute HIV-1 Infection...... 115 Genetic Determinants of HIV-1 Infection and Progression to AIDS: Indian Experience...... 115 Systemic Cytokine Levels Correlate With Disease Outcome in Chronic HIV Infection...... 116 Immunoregulatory Properties of HLA-G in HIV-1 Infection...... 116 HLA B *08 FLK T Cell Clones From Chronic HIV Infection With the Same T Cell Receptor Have Unique Polyfunctional Cytokine Profiles...... 116 CD4 Naïve Phenotype T Cells Are Recruited into the Proliferating T Cell Pool Mainly As a Homeostatic Response to HIV Induced CD4 T Cell Depletion...... 116 Analysis of T-Cell Subsets by the FluoroSpot Assay...... 117 HIV Disease Progression in Early Infection Varies by Infecting HIV-1 Subtype in Sub Saharan Africa...... 117 Yeast-Elicited Cross-Reactive Antibodies to HIV Env Glycans Recognize Monomeric Gp120 but Bind Trimeric Env Poorly...... 117 Differential MHC Class I Allele Expression in Distinct Lymphocyte Subsets...... 117 HIV-1 Replication Activates CD4+T Cells With Specificities for Persistent Herpes Viruses...... 118 Pathology ...... 118 Fungal Infections in Hiv Infected Patients...... 118 Increased Cholesteryl Ester in HDL Along With Increased Triglyceride in HDL and LDL of HIV Patients Suggests That a Defect in Reverse Cholesterol Transport Contributes to HIV Dyslipedemia...... 118 Recommendations & Policies ...... 118 Review of the Revisions to the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Antiretroviral Treatment...... 118 Vaccines, clinical ...... 119 Screening for Help: CD4 T Cells in the Step Trial...... 119 HIV-1 Subtype Distribution in HIV-1 Positive Volunteers Prior and During the Phase III Prime- Boost HIV-1 Vaccine Trial in Thailand (RV144)...... 119 RV 144 Update: Vaccination With ALVAC and AIDSVAX to Prevent HIV-1 Infection in Thai Adults ...... 119 Serological Immunity to Adenovirus Serotype 5 Is Not Associated With Risk of HIV Infection....120 Immunogenicity of the Thai Phase III (RV144) HIV Vaccine Regimen...... 120 Increased HIV-Specific Immunity in HIV-Infected Individuals Vaccinated With a DNA Prime, RAd5 Boost Regimen...... 120 Population Epitope Maps of the Step and HVTN 054 HIV Vaccine Trials Reveal Vaccine-Induced Epitope Hotspots...... 120 Induction of Viral Inhibition in Clinical HIV Vaccine Trials of Diverse Immunogens...... 121 Comparison of T Cell Responses Elicited Bv CD40L Adjuvanted ALVAC Prime-Boost and DNA Prime-ALVAC Boost HIV-1 Vaccine Regimen...... 121 Vaccines, research ...... 121 Systemic Innate Immune Responses to a DNA/MVA Candidate HIV Vaccine...... 121 Glucopyranosyl Lipid A (GLA), a Synthetic TLR4 Vaccine Adjuvant, Induces Potent Th1- Promoting Immune Responses...... 122 HIV Subtype A and B Vaccines Based on Envelope Quasispecies...... 122 Transient but Recurrent CD4+ T Cell Activation, Hexon-Specific T Cell Immunity and Neutralizing Antibody Responses After Ad5 Infection of Rhesus Macaques...... 122 Enhanced Expression of HIV Antigens and Improved Antigen Presentation After Infection With Replication Competent Attenuated Vaccinia Virus in Vitro...... 122 A DNA Vaccine Encoding Conserved HIV CD4 Epitopes Induces Broad and Polyfunctional Responses in BALB/c and HLA Class II-Transgenic Mice...... 123

Vaccine-Elicited Non-Neutralizing Envelope Antibodies in Sera and Mucosal Secretions Contribute to Protection Against SHIV89.6Pin Rhesus Macaques...... 123 GB Virus C Envelope Protein E2 Elicits Antibodies That React With a Conserved Antigen on HIV- 1 Particles and That Broadly Neutralize HIV-1 Infectivity...... 123 Prevention of Systemic Infection by a Multigenic Recombinant Protein Vaccine After Heterologous R5 Clade C SHIV Challenge: Correlates of Protection...... 123 Engineering the CD4+ T-Cell Response for Improved Immunity...... 124 Lentiviral Vector-Based Anti-HIV-1 Vaccination in Macaques Induces Strong T-Cell and Antibody Responses Post-Immunization, Significant Recall Responses Post-SIVmac251 Challenge and Controls Viral Replication During Setpoint and Chronic Phases...... 124 Future Directions in AIDS Vaccine Development...... 124 Electroporation of an HIV-1 DNA Vaccine Based on an Alphavirus Replicon Vector Has a Dose- Sparing Effect...... 124 Conserved Elements Vaccine for HIV-1 P24gag Is Immunogenic in Mice and Macaques...... 125 Enhanced Level and Quality of Memory T Cells Elicited by a Replicating Ad-HIVenv and -HIVtat Prime/Protein Boost Regimen Compared to Tat- or Env-Only Regimens...... 125 Vaccine Antigen Designs to Address HIV Variability...... 125 RAd Prime/RLCMV Boost Vaccination Induces Long-Lasting HIV-1 Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice...... 125 Cytotoxic Capacity of SIV-Specific-CD8+T Cells From SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques Measured Against Primary Autologous CD4+T Cells...... 126 Vaccine Design: Lessons From Acute HIV-1 Infection...... 126 GB Virus C Envelope Protein E2 Elicits Polyvalent Antibodies That Cross-React With HIV-1 Gp41 MPER (T-20) and Lipids...... 126 Cross-Reactive Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibody Responses During Acute / Early HIV Infection..126 Adjuvant Effect on the Induction of Glycan-Specific Antibodies Against HIV Env Using Single Yeast Glycoproteins...... 127 HIV Fragment Vaccine Induces Broader T Cell Response in Mice...... 127 The Antiviral Efficacy of HIV-Specific CD8+ Tcells to a Conserved Epitope Is Heavily Dependent on the Infecting HIV-1 Isolate...... 127 HIV/SIV Vaccine Efficacy Dependent on the Dose of SIVmac251 Challenge Exposure in Macaques...... 127 TSLP, a Promising New Mucosal Adjuvant for Intranasal Immunisation With Gp140...... 128 Innate and Adaptive Immune Correlates of Vaccine-Induced Control of Mucosal Transmission of SIV in Macaques...... 128 Deciphering HIV Epitope Production: Implications for Immunogen Design...... 128 Biochemical, Biophysical Characterization and Immunogenicity of HIV Envelopes Derived From Clade C Primary Early Isolates...... 128 AS01, an Adjuvant System Potentiating Vaccines Against Complex Pathogens...... 129 The Effect of Vaccine-Induced SIV-Specific Immune Response on Viral Acquisition and Replication...... 129 Oral Vaccination With Lipid Vehicle-Entrapped Multivalent HIV Peptides Enhances Specific Immune Responses...... 129 VSV Vectors Expressing Chimeric SIV Envelope Proteins Direct Antibody Response Against Gp41...... 129 Macaques Vaccinated With SlVmac239?Nef Delay Acquisition and Control Replication After Repeated Low Dose Heterologous SIV Challenge...... 129 Strong Protection Against SIVsmE660 Mucosal Challenge Conferred by a Novel, Heterologous, Prime-Boost Vaccine Regimen...... 130 HIV-Specific Antibodies Mediate Rapid Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Against Primary HIV-Infected CD4+ T Cells...... 130 HIV-1 Epidemic in India: Deciding the Decisive Lmmunogenetic Correlates for Designing Vaccine Strategies...... 130 Characterization of Neutralizing Quaternary Epitope Exposure on Soluble HIV-1 Env Constructs ...... 130 HIV-1 Peptides Expressed by Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Activate Natural Killer Cells Capable of Controlling HIV Infection in Dendritic Cells In Vitro...... 131 Induction of Distinct Clonotypes by Overlapping HLA-A2-Restricted HIV Gag-Epitopes May Contribute to Their Subdominant Status...... 131

Targeting HIV Peptides to HIV Patient Dendritic Cells Via CD40 Elicits Expansion of Multi-Epitope Polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+T Cells...... 131 Live Attenuated SIV: Characterising the Role of Vaccine Persistence in Protection...... 132 Complement As an Endogenous Adjuvant for Dendritic Cell-Mediated Induction of Retrovirus- Specific CTLs...... 132 Enhanced Mucosal and Systemic Humoral Responses Following Intranasal Immunization With HIV-1 Gp140 Combined With TLR-4 and Chitosan Adjuvants...... 132 Isolation of Cross-Clade HIV-Neutralizing Human Antibodies From Memory B Cell Repertoires Using Short Term Culture and High-Throughput Primary Neutralization Screens...... 132 A High Throughput Screen for Small Molecule Haptens Binding to an HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Yields Vaccine Leads...... 133 Comparison of Intravenous and Low-Dose Rectal SIVmac251 Challenge Models in the Setting of Adenovirus-Based Immunization...... 133 Recombinant Yellow Fever Vaccine Virus 17D Expressing SlVmac239 Gag Induces SIV-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses in Rhesus Macaques...... 133 HIV-1 Envelope-CD4 Receptor Complexes Elicit Broad T- and Bcell Immune Responses As Well As Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies in Rhesus Macaques...... 134 Ultra-Deep Sequencing During Acute HIV Infection Reveals the Earliest Adaptive Changes to Host Selection Pressures...... 134 Characterization of HIV Epitope-Specific CD8+ T Cell Clonal Repertoires After Vaccination.....134 Direct Comparison of Soluble Multimeric Forms of CD40L, CD27L, 4-1 BBL, and BAFF to IL-12 and IL-15 As HIV DNA Vaccine Adjuvants...... 135 Characterization of Simian Adenoviruses As the Base for a New Generation OfAdenovirus Vaccine Vectors...... 135 Design of Improved CD4bs Mimetics for HIV-1 Immunization...... 135 Immunosafety Assessment of CD4 MAB-Based Bifunctional HIV Entry Inhibitor (CD4-BFFI) Using In Vitro Immunoassays...... 135 Improved Immunogenicity Conferred by Activated but Not Resting Apoptotic Lymphocytes...... 135 Comparison of Antibody Responses Induced by a Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Upon Intramuscular, Pulmonary, and Vaginal Delivery...... 136 Novel VLPs Rapidly Induce High Titer Neutralizing Antibodies When Combined With DNA Vaccines in Rabbits...... 136 Comparative Analysis of Rare Adenovirus Serotypes and Their Effects on Human Dendritic Cells ...... 136 Antibodies Elicited by a Heterologous Glycoprotein Mediate a Broad Neutralization of HIV...... 136 Lessons Learned From Live Attenuated SIV...... 137 Targeting the Vaginal Mucosa With Human Papilloma Virus Psudovirions Delivering SIV DNA Vaccines...... 137 NSG-Hu Mice Generate HIV Specific Human Immune Responses After Gp96 Vaccination...... 137 Immune Activation of Human and Macaque Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Upon Infection by HIV and Single Cycle SIV Viruses Encoding TRAF- Mediated Activation Domains...... 137 Virology ...... 138 Molecular Epidemiology of the Transmission of HIV-1 Between Couples in the Central Area of Portugal...... 138 Study of the Mutations Associated to Integrase Inhibitor Resistance in Subtype B and Non-B Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1...... 138 Predictors of Immunological Failure Among Adult Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) at an HIV/AIDS Program in Uganda...... 138 Diversity of HIV-1 Subtype C Strains Isolated in Romania: a Phylogenetic Analysis...... 138 Resistance Levels in Patients Failing Initial PI or NNRTI Combination Therapy in Greece...... 139 S/GSK1349572, a Next Generation Integrase Inhibitor (INI), Has Potential for a High Genetic Barrier to Resistance Based on in Vitro Passage Study...... 139 The Role of HIV Recombination In Shaping the Current HIV Epidemic...... 139 Structure-Guided Approach for the Development of Molecular-Targeting Agents for AIDS Therapy ...... 140 Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Subtypes Circulating in Russia Based on Analysis of Pol Sequences in Plasma Samples Collected in 2007- 2009...... 140 Pyrosequencing of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase to Reveal Minority Populations of Resistant Virus Before Start of a NNRTI-Based Regimen...... 140 ------15 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

HIV-Infected Patients With Positive MT-2 Cultures May Need More Frequent Monitoring and/or HAART Initiation at Higher CD4 Counts...... 140 Detection of Predicted CXCR4-Using HIV-1 Variants in Longitudinally Obtained Paired Plasma and PBMC Samples Using 454-Sequencing...... 141 HIV-1 Integrase Mutation E157Q Has Low Impact on Integrase Inhibitor Resistance: a Case Report...... 141 HIV Drug Resistance in Children With Treatment Failure to First-Line Regimens in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam...... 141 Determinants of Virological Response to Raltegravir (RAL)-Containing Regimens and Prevalence of RAL-Resistance Associated Mutations at Failure in ARCA...... 141 Evaluation of Drug Resistance Among HIV-1 B, C and F Subtypes Drug-Treated Patients Followed in Central Italy...... 142 Characterisation of HIV-1 From Patients With Virological Failure to a Boosted Protease Inhibitor Regimen...... 142 Raltegravir Genetic Resistance Patterns in HIV-2 Infected Patients Failing Raltegravir-Containing Regimen...... 142 Severe Immune Suppression in Patients Exclusively Infected With HIV-1 R5 Variants Is Associated With a Higher Net Charge in Gp120 Variable Regions...... 142 Consecutive Increase of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance Rate in Poland...... 143 HIV-1 Tropism and Drug Resistance Mutations in Subtype C-Infected Patients From KwaZulu Natal...... 143 Primary Resistance to Maraviroc in a Large Set of V3 Sequences From Recent Seroconverters, Drug-Naïve, and Antiretroviral-Experienced HIV+ Patients...... 143 Polymorphisms in the Integrase Gene of Antiretroviral Therapy Naïve Patients Infected With HIV-1 Non-B Subtypes: The SnoB Study...... 143 Transmission of Drug Resistance, X4 Variants and Non-B Subtypes in a Large Cohort of HIV Recent Seroconverters in Spain...... 144 Phylogenetic Analysis of HIV-1 B and Non-B Subtypes in Newly Diagnosed Individuals in Ireland ...... 144 Declining Prevalence of HIV 1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Ireland 2004- 2008...... 144 Dynamic Escape of Pre-Existing Raltegravir-Resistant HIV-1 From Raltegravir Pressure...... 145 Resistance Mutations and HIV-1 Genetic Diversity Among Newly Diagnosed Patients in Two Different Geographical Areas of Spain...... 145 Trends, Along a Decade, of Antiretroviral Resistance in a Newly Diagnosed HIV-1 Cohort of From Galicia, Spain, Including Diverse Genetic Forms...... 145 Sudden Viral Load Increase As an Indicator of HIV-1 Superinfection in HAART-Naive HIV-Infected Patients...... 146 Emergence of Resistance to the New Drug Classes in an Italian National Database: 2007-2009 ...... 146 Faster HIV-1 Disease Progression Among Brazilian Recently Infected Individual Harboring CXCR4 Using Strains...... 146 Evaluation of Hiv-1 Genetic Diversity in Infected Mothers From Two Regions of Portugal Enrolled in A Study of Mother-To-Child Transmission...... 147 ARV Resistance in HIV-1 From Drug-Naive and Treated Patients in Bulgaria...... 147 Rega 8: An Improved Genotypic Interpretation System That Significantly Predicts HIV-Therapy Response for B and Non-B Subtypes...... 147 Prevalence of HIV-1 Subtypes and Drug Resistance Mutations in ResRIS, the National Drug Resistance Database of the Spanish AIDS Research Network...... 147 Identification of a New HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF44-DB) in Spain...... 148 HIV-1 Diversity Among Different Risk Groups in Bulgaria...... 148 Transmitted Drug Resistance in HIV-1 CRF06_Cpx Infected Patients in Estonia in 2008...... 148 Mutations at the C-Terminal Domain of RT in HIV-1+ Patients Failing Nevirapine or Efavirenz Do Not Display Strong Impact on Etravirine Susceptibility...... 148 Impact of Baseline HIV-1 Integrase Polymorphisms With Virological Outcome in Patients Starting a Raltegravir-Containing Regimen...... 149 Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1+ Non-B Subtypes in Spain - More Frequent and No Preferential Selection of K65R in Clade C Than in Other Subtypes...... 149 Decreasing Prevalence and 5-Year Incidence of Major NRTI-, NNRTI- and PI-Mutations in ART- Experienced HIV-Patients in Stockholm, Sweden...... 149

The Influence of PCR Amplification Variation on the Ability of Population-Based PCR to Detect Non-R5 HIV...... 150 Integrase Inhibitor Resistance-Associated Mutations Have No Impact on Performance of the Abbott ReaITime HIV-1 Assay...... 150 HIV Drug Resistance Patterns of Maternal HAART Cohorts to Prevent HIV Postnatal Mother-to- Child Transmission in Rwanda...... 150 Development of Resistance to the Natural HIV-1 Entry Virus Inhibitory Peptide (VIRIP)...... 150 Residual Activity of Raltegravir Despite Multiple N155H Pathway Resistance Mutations...... 151 Differences in Susceptibility to Darunavir and Etravirine Reported by Two Genotypic Interpretation Systems...... 151 Resistance Patterns in HIV+ Patients Failing Raltegravir Outside Clinical Trials - the Spanish Integrase Resistance (SINRES) Group...... 151 Resistance Mutations in the Viral Protease Alter the in Vitro Resistance Profiles of Bevirimat...151 Temporal Changes in HIV Drug Resistant Prevalences Across the World. Review...... 152

------Microbicides

Acceptability and Adherence of a Candidate Microbicide Gel Among High-Risk Women in Africa and India

GREENE E., Batona, G., Hallad, J., Johnson, S., Neema, S., and Tolley, E. E. Cult.Health Sex. 1 ,2010 AD - Family Health International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA ENG Vaginal microbicides currently under development are substances that may prevent the transmission of HIV. Qualitative, in-depth post-trial interview data from a Phase III clinical trial of 6% Cellulose Sulfate microbicide gel in two sites in Africa (Uganda and Benin) and two in India (Chennai and Bagalkot) were examined in order to better understand factors that influence microbicide acceptability and adherence in a clinical trial setting. Women found the gel relatively easy to use with partners with whom there were no expectations of fidelity, in situations where they had access to private space and at times when they were expecting to engage in sexual intercourse. Adherence to gel seemed significantly more difficult with primary partners due to decreased perceptions of risk, inconvenience or fear of partner disapproval. Findings suggest that women in a variety of settings may find a microbicide gel to be highly acceptable for its lubricant qualities and protective benefits but that adherence and consistent use may depend greatly on contextual and partner-related factors. These findings have important implications for future trial designs, predicting determinants of microbicide use and acceptability and marketing and educational efforts should a safe and efficacious microbicide be found Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20397080

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HIV/Microbicides

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Topical Microbicide Formulations in the Pigtailed Macaque: Product Distribution and Transport

PATTON D. ,Rancho Mirage, CA; USA, P-32 ,2010 Source: Conference (MIS) ------

Diagnosis

Use of the Rapid HIV Test in the Newborn and Cord Blood

MALAGA L., Rajbhandari, P., Purswani, J., Hagmann, S., Dunne, J., and Purswani, M. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2870.585 ,2010 Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY; Irvington High School, Irvington, NY Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Diagnosis

Easier Said Than Done: HIV Screening in Pediatric Primary Care

RELLOSA N., White, K., Fogel, B., Levy, C., and Freedman, A. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 1477.270 ,2010 Infectious Diseases, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; General Pediatrics, Nemours/A.I.duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE; General Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Infectious Diseases, Nemours/A.I.duPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Diagnosis

Patterns of HIV Testing in Adolescent Couples

WELLS C., Watnick, D., and Bauman, L. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2842.163 ,2010 Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA; Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Diagnosis

Implementation of Opt-Out Oral Rapid HIV Screening in the Pediatric Emergency Department in an Urban Area With High Prevalence of HIV Infection

BAGHDASSARIAN A., Walkoff, L., Khan, M., Kingsnorth, J., Sathe, N., Johnson, B., Chamberlain, J., Sill, A., Teach, S., and Rakhmanina, N. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 1494.462 ,2010 Pediatrics, The George Washington University, Washington, DC; Emergency Medicine, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Infectious Diseases, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC; Biostatistics and Informatics, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Diagnosis

SPiral Isothermal DNA Replication (SPIDR): A Novel Method for Nucleic Acid Amplification and Role in Rapid Infectious Disease Diagnostics

DHAMNE N., Ishwad, C., Mead, D., Ross, T., Wadowsky, R., and Vats, A. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2868.551 ,2010 Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA; Lucigen Corp, Middleton, WI; University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Diagnosis

An Integrated, Self-Contained Microfluidic Cassette for Isolation, Amplification, and Detection of Nucleic Acids

CHEN D., Mauk, M., Qiu, X., Liu, C., Kim, J., Ramprasad, S., Ongagna, S., Abrams, W. R., Malamud, D., Corstjens, P. L., and Bau, H. H. Biomed.Microdevices. 2010 AD - Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA ENG A self-contained, integrated, disposable, sample-to-answer, polycarbonate microfluidic cassette for nucleic acid-based detection of pathogens at the point of care was designed, constructed, and tested. The cassette comprises on-chip sample lysis, nucleic acid isolation, enzymatic amplification (polymerase chain reaction and, when needed, reverse transcription), amplicon labeling, and detection. On-chip pouches and valves facilitate fluid flow control. All the liquids and dry reagents needed for the various reactions are pre-stored in the cassette. The liquid reagents are stored in flexible pouches formed on the chip surface. ------19 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

Dry (RT-)PCR reagents are pre-stored in the thermal cycling, reaction chamber. The process operations include sample introduction; lysis of cells and viruses; solid-phase extraction, concentration, and purification of nucleic acids from the lysate; elution of the nucleic acids into a thermal cycling chamber and mixing with pre-stored (RT-)PCR dry reagents; thermal cycling; and detection. The PCR amplicons are labeled with digoxigenin and biotin and transmitted onto a lateral flow strip, where the target analytes bind to a test line consisting of immobilized avidin-D. The immobilized nucleic acids are labeled with up-converting phosphor (UCP) reporter particles. The operation of the cassette is automatically controlled by an analyzer that provides pouch and valve actuation with electrical motors and heating for the thermal cycling. The functionality of the device is demonstrated by detecting the presence of bacterial B.Cereus, viral armored RNA HIV, and HIV I virus in saliva samples. The cassette and actuator described here can be used to detect other diseases as well as the presence of bacterial and viral pathogens in the water supply and other fluids Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20401537

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HIV/Diagnosis

Need for Point-of-Care HIV Molecular Diagnostic Technologies in Resource-Limited Settings. Proceedings From the Workshop "Novel Technologies in Rapid HIV-1 Viral Detection"

J.Infect.Dis. 201 Suppl 1:S1-84., S1-84 ,2010 engLink : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20225953

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HIV/Diagnosis

Highly Variable Use of Diagnostic Methods for Sexually Transmitted Infections - Results of a Nationwide Survey, Germany 2005

GILSDORF A., Hofmann, A., Hamouda, O., and Bremer, V. BMC.Infect.Dis. 10 (1), 98 ,2010 ENG

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Sexual transmitted infections (STIs) have increased in Germany and other countries in Europe since the mid-nineties. To obtain a better picture of diagnostic methods used in STI testing institutions in Germany, we performed a nationwide survey amongst STI specialists in order to evaluate the quality of STI reports and provide recommendations to harmonize and possibly improve STI diagnostics in Germany. METHODS: We asked sentinel physicians and randomly chosen gynaecologists, urologists and dermato-venerologists, about the diagnostic methods used in 2005 to diagnose HIV, chlamydia (CT), gonorrhoea (GO) and syphilis (SY) in a national cross-sectional survey in

order to recognize potential problems and provide recommendations. RESULTS: A total of 739/2287 (32%) physicians participated. Of all participants, 80% offered tests for HIV, 84% for CT, 83% for GO and 83% for SY. Of all participants who performed HIV testing, 90% requested an antibody test, 3% a rapid test and 1% a nucleic acid amplification test (NAAT). For CT testing, NAAT was used in 33% and rapid tests in 34% of participants. GO resistance testing was performed by 31% of the participants. SY testing was performed in 98% by serology. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnostic methods for STI vary highly among the participants. Diagnostic guidelines should be reviewed and harmonised to ensure consistent use of the optimal STI diagnostic methods Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20403184

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HIV/Diagnosis

The Role of HIV-DNA Testing in Clinical Practice

D'ETTORRE G., Zaffiri, L., Ceccarelli, G., Mastroianni, C. M., and Vullo, V. New Microbiol. 33 (1), 1-11 ,2010 AD - Department of Tropical and Infectious Diseases, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Italy gabrielladettorre@uniroma1it eng HIV-1 RNA levels and CD4+T lymphocyte counts are currently the standard markers used in clinical practice for the management of HIV infection. Nowadays it is also possible to monitor the evolution of HIV infection by measuring HIV-DNA. This measurement is a useful new clinical marker mainly been used to date in experimental evaluations. HIV-DNA can be detected in lymphoid tissues and in PBMC even during powerful and prolonged antiretroviral therapy. Understanding the HIV-DNA marker, together with all the other standard markers used in clinical practice, is now essential in monitoring the progression of the infection. Furthermore, the measurement of the levels of HIV-DNA in different stages could indicate the spread of the infection reflecting the ability of antiretroviral therapy to purge reservoirs. This review highlights the importance of evaluating the HIV-DNA load which could provide an indirect estimate of the quantity of reservoirs. This is an important factor in establishing the progression of infection, sequencing therapy and predicting the failure of antiretroviral therapy at a early stage Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20402409

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HIV/Diagnosis

Need for Point-of-Care HIV Molecular Diagnostic Technologies in Resource-Limited Settings. Proceedings From the Workshop "Novel Technologies in Rapid HIV-1 Viral Detection"

J.Infect.Dis. 201 Suppl 1:S1-84., S1-84 ,2010 engLink : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20225953

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HIV/Diagnosis

A Simple Fluorescence Based Assay for Quantification of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Particle Release

HERMLE J., Anders, M., Heuser, A. M., and Mueller, B. BMC.Biotechnol. 10 (1), 32 ,2010 ENG ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The assembly and release of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) particles from infected cells represent attractive, but not yet exploited targets for antiretroviral therapy. The availability of simple methods to measure the efficiency of these replication steps in tissue culture would facilitate the identification of host factors essential for these processes as well as the screening for lead compounds acting as specific inhibitors of particle formation. We describe here the development of a rapid cell based assay for quantification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) particle assembly and/or release. RESULTS: Using a fluorescently labelled HIV-derivative, which carries an eYFP domain within the main viral structural protein Gag in the complete viral protein context, the release of virus like particles could be monitored by directly measuring the fluorescence intensity of the tissue culture supernatant. Intracellular Gag was quantitated in parallel by direct fluorescence analysis of cell lysates, allowing us to normalize for Gag expression efficiency. The assay was validated by comparison with p24 capsid ELISA measurements, a standard method for quantifying HIV-1 particles. Optimization of conditions allowed the robust detection of particle amounts corresponding to 25 ng p24/ml in medium by fluorescence spectroscopy. Further adaptation to a multi-well format rendered the assay suitable for medium or high throughput screening of siRNA libraries to identify host cell factors involved in late stages of HIV replication, as well as for random screening approaches to search for potential inhibitors of HIV-1 assembly or release. CONCLUSIONS: The fast and simple fluorescence based quantification of HIV particle release yielded reproducible results which were comparable to the well established ELISA measurements, while in addition allowing the parallel determination of intracellular Gag expression. The protocols described here can be used for screening of siRNA libraries or chemical compounds, respectively, for inhibition of HIV in a 96-well format Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20406458

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Epidemiology

HIV Risk Behavior in Treatment-Seeking Opioid-Dependent Youth: Results From a NIDA Clinical Trials Network Multisite Study

MEADE C. S., Weiss, R. D., Fitzmaurice, G. M., Poole, S. A., Subramaniam, G. A., Patkar, A. A., Connery, H. S., and Woody, G. E. J.Acquir.Immune.Defic.Syndr. 2010 AD - From the *Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; daggerDepartment of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School and McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA; double daggerDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania and Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, PA; and section signDivision of Clinical Neuroscience and Behavioral Research, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Bethesda, MD ENG OBJECTIVE:: To assess baseline rates of and changes in HIV drug and sexual risk behavior as a function of gender and treatment in opioid-dependent youth. METHODS:: One hundred fifty participants were randomly assigned to extended buprenorphine/naloxone therapy (BUP) for 12 weeks or detoxification for 2 weeks; all received drug counseling for 12 weeks. HIV risk was assessed at baseline and 4-week, 8-week, and 12-week follow-ups. Behavioral change was examined using generalized estimating equations. RESULTS:: Baseline rates of past-month HIV risk for females/males were 51%/45% for injection drug use (IDU) (ns), 77%/35% for injection risk (P < 0.001), 82%/74% for sexual activity (ns), 14%/24% for multiple partners (ns), and 68%/65% for unprotected intercourse (ns). IDU decreased over time (P < 0.001), with greater decreases in BUP versus detoxification (P < 0.001) and females versus males in BUP (P < 0.05). Injection risk did not change for persistent injectors. Sexual activity decreased in both genders and conditions (P < 0.01), but sexual risk did not. CONCLUSIONS:: Overall, IDU and sexual activity decreased markedly, particularly in BUP patients and females, but injection and sexual risk behaviors persisted. Although extended BUP seems to have favorable effects on HIV risk behavior in opioid-dependent youth, risk reduction counseling may be necessary to extend its benefits Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20393347

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HIV/Epidemiology

[Epidemiology of HIV. Update]

DORRUCCI M. Recenti Prog.Med. 101 (1), 12-15 ,2010 AD - Dipartimento di Malattie Infettive, Parassitarie e Immunomediate, Reparto di Epidemiologia, Istituto Superiore di Sanita, Roma mariadorrucci@issit ita

In this decade, the global prevalence of HIV-1 infection stabilized at 0.8% (range: 0.7-0.9%). However, important regional differences in trends and mode of transmission: Sub-Saharan Africa is the most affected by HIV. Since 2001, the number of people with HIV in Eastern Europe and Central Asia increased from 650,000 to 1,5 million in 2007. Overall trends were stable in Central and Western Europe. Heterosexual and homosexual transmission accounts for the largest proportion in these regions. Transmission among injecting drug users has decreased. Similar trends have been observed in Italy: in 2007, there were 1,679 new diagnoses, equivalent to an incidence of 6,0 per 100,000 population. Over the years there has been a progressive increase in the proportion of diagnoses among women and in the median age at diagnosis, as well as changes in the exposure categories (i.e. a decrease in the proportion of injecting drug users and an increase in infections attributed to homosexual and heterosexual contacts). The era of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) has resulted in a reduction of morbidity and mortality. Before the advent of cART in 1996, the main causes of morbidity and mortality in people with HIV were the opportunistic infections and malignancies AIDS associated Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20391681

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HIV/Epidemiology

Sexual Behavior and Knowledge of Sexually Transmitted Infections Among University Students in Sao Paulo, Brazil

CAETANO M. E., Linhares, I. M., Pinotti, J. A., Maggio da, Fonseca A., Wojitani, M. D., and Giraldo, P. C. Int.J.Gynaecol.Obstet. 2010 AD - Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Hospital das Clinicas, Sao Paulo, Brazil ENG OBJECTIVE: To investigate the sexual behavior and knowledge about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among undergraduate students in Sao Paulo, Brazil. METHODS: Self- reported questionnaires were used. RESULTS: Most of the 447 students in the study were single (97.3%), in their first year of university (87.7%), and the mean ages were 20.4years (males) and 19.8years (females). Vaginal intercourse was practiced by 69.7% of males and 48.4% of females, oral sex by 64.5% of males and 43.7% of females, and anal sex by 18.4% of males and 14.1% of females. Use of a condom during vaginal sex was practiced by 80.4% of males and 74.8% of females and during anal sex by 47.8% of males and 30.0% of females. Knowledge of transmission of STIs was greater than 90% for HIV, syphilis, genital herpes, and gonorrhea; 63%-76% for HPV and genital warts; 30%-34% for Trichomonas and only 16% for Chlamydia. Only 25%-34% knew that HIV was transmitted by breastfeeding; 56%-60% knew that HIV was transmitted by anal sex. CONCLUSION: Many students engage in high- risk sexual behavior with multiple partners and use condoms inconsistently. Knowledge of the acquisition and modes of sexual and vertical transmission of HIV are strikingly deficient

Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20394925

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HIV/Epidemiology

Prevalence and Pattern of Disclosure of HIV Status in HIV-Infected Children in Ghana

KALLEM S., Renner, L., Ghebremichael, M., and Paintsil, E. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2870.584 ,2010 Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana; Harvard University, Cambridge, MA Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Practice of Feeding Premasticated Food to Infants Among HIV- Infected Mothers

SALAMI O., Hafeez, S., Maldonado, M., Alvarado, M., Purswani, M., and Hagmann, S. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 443 ,2010 Department of Pediatrics, Albert-Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY; Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Albert-Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx-Lebanon Hospital Center, Bronx, NY Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Trends in Pediatric HIV Hospitalizations

RAUCH D. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2870.578A ,2010 Pediatrics, Mt. Sinai School of Medicine/Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, NY Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

PRBC Transfusion and Infection Risk: What Have We Learned From Hepatitis and HIV, and What Might the Future Hold?

KLEINMAN S., Caplan, M., and Carlo, W. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada ,2010

1) University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; 2) Northshore University Health System, Evanston, IL; 3) University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Love, Trust and Condom Use in Serious Teen Relationships

BAUMAN L., Watnick, D., and Silver, E. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2765.6 ,2010 Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Change Over Time in the HIV/AIDS Risk Perceptions of South African Youth

ANDERSON K. and Beutel, A. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 University of Oklahoma Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Sugar Daddies Syndrome: Elderly Sexual Behaviour and Implications for the Spread of HIV/AIDS in Nigeria

WAHAB E. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 Lagos State University Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Community HIV Prevalence and Parity Progression

DEROSE L. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 University of Maryland Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Environmental Change, Risky Sexual Behavior, and the HIV/AIDS Pandemic: Exploring Linkages Through Livelihoods in Rural Haiti

HUNTER L., Reid-Hresko, J., and Dickinson, T. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 University of Colorado, Boulder Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Using Population Policies and Non-Governmental Organizations to Explain HIV/AIDS Outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa

ROBINSON R. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 American University Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Perceptions of Risk and Sexual Behavior Change Following Adult Male Circumcision in Urban Swaziland

GRUND J. and Hennink, M. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 Emory University Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Gender, Family, and HIV/AIDS in Lesotho

HARRISON A., Short, S., Tuoane-Nkhasi, M., and Hlabana, T. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 1) Brown University; 2) Statistics South Africa Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Risky Sexual Behavior, Substance Abuse and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Street Adolescents in India

GHOSH A. and Ladusingh, L. ------28 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Community Factors Shaping the Sexual Behavior of Married Males in 8 African Countries

STEPHENSON R. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 Emory University Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Nepali College Students' Susceptibility to HIV

ADHIKARI R. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 Tribhuvan University, Nepal Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Condom Use Negotiation and Practice Among Married Women in Vietnam

MAI DO ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 Tulane University Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

In Search of the Holy Grail: Improving Assessments of Sexual Activity in Population Surveys Through Collecting Biomarkers

KULCZYCKI A. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 University of Alabama, Birmingham Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Non Use of Condoms by Men in Marital Unions in Cameroon

NKOMA M. ------30 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 Ministry of Economy, Cameroon Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Global Trends in AIDS Mortality

BONGAARTS J., Pelletier, F., and Gerland, P. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 1) Population Council; 2) United Nations Population Division Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Sexual Concurrency in Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe: The Role of Gender, Economic Status, and Migration

KLEIN HATTORI M., Braun, S., Chapman, H., Chuong, C., Morales, M., and Wagley, S. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 1) Brown University; 2) Columbia University School of Social Work Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Transactional Sex and Sexually Transmitted Infections Among Women in Uganda

NANKINGA O. and Kabagenyi, A. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 Makerere University Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Frequency of HIV Type 2 Infections Among Blood Donor Population From India: a 10-Year Experience

KANNANGAI R., Nair, S. C., Sridharan, G., Prasannakumar, S., and Daniel, D. Indian J.Med.Microbiol. 28 (2), 111-113 ,2010 AD - Department of Immunohaematology and Transfusion Medicine, Christian Medical College, Vellore - 632 004, India eng

PURPOSE: In India, HIV-2 epidemic is alongside with HIV-1. Blood banks are introducing nucleic acid testing (NAT) for screening. The limitation of NAT systems is the inability to detect HIV-2. MATERIALS AND METHOD: An analysis of HIV screening of a blood bank at a tertiary care center from 1998 to 2007 was carried out. RESULTS: A total of 175026 donors were screened by serological assays and 789 were reactive for HIV antibody. Only 478 (61%) were confirmed positive by Western blot/immunoblot. There were 465 (97.2%) donations positive for HIV-1, 6 (1.3%) for HIV-2 (monotypic infection) and 7 (1.5%) for HIV-1 and HIV- 2 (dual infection). CONCLUSION: We show the presence of HIV-2 infection among the blood donors and the need for incorporating HIV-2 detection also in the NAT systems Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20404454

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HIV/Epidemiology

Next Steps for Ukraine Abolition of HIV Registries, Implementation of Routine Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing and Expansion of Services

IZENBERG J. M. and Altice, F. L. Addiction. 105 (3), 569-570 ,2010 engLink : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20403006

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HIV/Epidemiology

Impact of Injecting Drug Use on Mortality in Danish HIV-Infected Patients: a Nation-Wide Population-Based Cohort Study

LARSEN M. V., Omland, L. H., Gerstoft, J., Larsen, C. S., Jensen, J., Obel, N., and Kronborg, G. Addiction. 105 (3), 529-535 ,2010 AD - Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen University Hospital, DK - 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark mvlarsen@dadlnetdk eng OBJECTIVES: To estimate the impact of injecting drug use (IDU) on mortality in HIV- infected patients in the highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) era. DESIGN: Population-based, nation-wide prospective cohort study in Denmark (the Danish HIV Cohort Study). METHODS: A total of 4578 HIV-infected patients were followed from 1 January 1997 or date of HIV diagnosis. We calculated mortality rates stratified on IDU. One-, 5- and 10-year survival probabilities were estimated by Kaplan-Meier methods, and Cox regression analyses were used to estimate mortality rate ratios (MRR). RESULTS: Of the patients, 484 (10.6%) were categorized as IDUs and 4094 (89.4%) as non-IDUs. IDUs were more likely to be women, Caucasian, hepatitis C virus (HCV) co-infected and younger at

baseline; 753 patients died during observation (206 IDUs and 547 non-IDUs). The estimated 10-year survival probabilities were 53.2% [95% confidence interval (CI): 48.1-58.3] in the IDU group and 82.1% (95% CI: 80.7-83.6) in the non-IDU group. IDU as route of HIV infection more than tripled the mortality in HIV-infected patients (MRR: 3.2; 95% CI: 2.7-3.8). Adjusting for potential confounders did not change this estimate substantially. The risk of HIV-related death was not increased in IDUs compared to non-IDUs (MRR 1.1; 95% CI 0.7- 1.7). CONCLUSIONS: Although Denmark's health care system is tax paid and antiretroviral therapy is provided free of charge, HIV-infected IDUs still suffer from substantially increased mortality in the HAART era. The increased risk of death seems to be non-HIV- related and is due probably to the well-known risk factors associated with intravenous drug abuse Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20402997

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HIV/Epidemiology

Pregnancy and HIV Infection in Young Women in North Carolina

TORRONE E. A., Wright, J., Leone, P. A., and Hightow-Weidman, L. B. Public Health Rep. 125 (1), 96-102 ,2010 AD - University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, CB# 7435, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA torrone@emailuncedu eng OBJECTIVES: We described young women in North Carolina (NC) who were pregnant at the time of diagnosis with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection to identify an at-risk population that could be targeted for increased HIV screening. We investigated the combined effect of partner counseling and referral services (PCRS) and comprehensive prenatal HIV screening. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective review of PCRS charts on young women newly diagnosed with HIV in NC between 2002 and 2005. We determined the prevalence of pregnancy in the study sample and conducted bivariate analyses to assess predictors of pregnancy at the time of HIV diagnosis, calculating prevalence ratios (PRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). We analyzed results of partner notification efforts, including timing and stage of diagnosis of HIV-positive partners. RESULTS: During the four-year period, 551 women aged 18-30 years were newly diagnosed with HIV; 30% were pregnant at the time of HIV diagnosis. Pregnant women were more likely to be Hispanic (PR=1.58, 95% CI 1.15, 2.17) and not report typical risk factors. Fourteen percent of pregnant women's partners had an undiagnosed infection compared with slightly more than 8% of nonpregnant women's partners (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Ethnic differences in co-diagnosis of pregnancy and HIV suggest that young Hispanic women may have differential access to and acceptance of routine HIV screening. Comprehensive prenatal screening combined with partner notification can be effective in reaching infected male partners who are undiagnosed Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20402201

HIV/Epidemiology

Sexual and Drug Use Risk Behaviors of Long-Haul Truck Drivers and Their Commercial Sex Contacts in New Mexico

MCCREE D. H., Cosgrove, S., Stratford, D., Valway, S., Keller, N., Vega-Hernandez, J., and Jenison, S. A. Public Health Rep. 125 (1), 52-60 ,2010 AD - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1600 Clifton Rd NE, MS E-37, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA zyr1@cdcgov eng OBJECTIVES: Long-haul truck drivers and their commercial sex contacts (CCs) have been associated with the spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the developing world. However, there is a paucity of information about the STI risk behaviors of these populations in the U.S. We conducted a qualitative phase of a two-phase study to gather information about STI-related risk behaviors in drivers and their CCs in New Mexico. METHODS: Between July and September 2004, we conducted face-to-face unstructured and semistructured qualitative interviews at trucking venues, health department facilities, and a community-based organization to solicit information on sexual behavior and condom and illicit drug use. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, reviewed for quality control, and then coded and analyzed for emerging themes using NVivo software. RESULTS: Thirty- three long-haul truck drivers and 15 CCs completed the interview. The truck drivers were mostly male and non-Hispanic white with a mean age of 41 years. The majority of the CCs were female, the largest percentage was Hispanic, and the mean age was 36 years. Data suggested risky sexual behavior and drug use (i.e., inconsistent condom use, illicit drug use including intravenous drug use, and the exchange of sex for drugs) that could facilitate STI/human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis virus transmission. Results also showed a low knowledge about STIs and lack of access to general health care for both populations. CONCLUSIONS: Additional studies are needed to further assess risk and inform the development of prevention interventions and methods to provide STI/HIV and other medical services to these populations Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20402196

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HIV/Epidemiology

The Situation of Romanian HIV-Positive Adolescents: Results From the First National Representative Survey

BUZDUCEA D., Lazar, F., and Mardare, E. I. AIDS Care. 1-8 ,2010 AD - Faculty of Sociology and Social Work, University of Bucharest, Romania ENG Young people are one of the groups most affected by HIV/AIDS worldwide. For over a decade after the fall of the Communism, Romania accounted for over 50% of the total ------34 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

pediatric cases in Europe (Buzducea & Lazar, 2008; Mardarescu, 2008) with an estimated 10,000 children infected in hospital settings (nosocomial) between 1986 and 1992. Although about 3000 of these children died of AIDS, many of them have survived almost 20 years. This paper presents the methodology and the results of the first representative research on adolescents living with HIV/AIDS registered with medical services in Romania (N=534 subjects) attending the nine Regional Centers for HIV/AIDS Surveillance (August-October 2006). The general objective of the research was to assess the situation of 15-19 year-old young people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) from Romania and the dynamics of their risk behaviors in respect to virus transmission (O'Leary, 2002). Based on the research findings, the implications for practice are discussed and specific interventions are recommended to better respond the needs of young PLWHA Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20401766

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HIV/Epidemiology

Sex Frequency and Sex Planning Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in Bangkok, Thailand: Implications for Pre- and Post- Exposure Prophylaxis Against HIV Infection

VAN GRIENSVEN F., Thienkrua, W., Sukwicha, W., Wimonsate, W., Chaikummao, S., Varangrat, A., and Mock, P. J.Int.AIDS Soc. 13 (1), 13 ,2010 ENG ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE: Daily HIV anti-retroviral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is being evaluated in clinical trials among men who have sex with men (MSM). However, daily PrEP may not be congruent with sexual exposure profiles of MSM. Here we investigate sex frequency and sex planning to identify and inform appropriate PrEP strategies for MSM. METHODS: We evaluated sex frequency and sex planning in a cohort HIV-negative MSM in Bangkok, Thailand. chi2 test was used to compare reports of sex on different weekdays; logistic regression was used to identify predictors of sex frequency and sex planning. RESULTS: Of 823 MSM (mean age 28.3 yrs) 86% reported sex on 2 days per week or less and 65% reported their last sex to have been planned. Sex on the weekend (~30%) was more often reported than sex on weekdays (~23%). In multivariate analysis, use of alcohol, erectile dysfunction drugs, group sex, sex with a foreigner, buying and selling sex and a history of HIV testing were associated with having sex on 3 days per week or more; age 22 to 29 years, not identifying as homosexual, receptive anal intercourse and not engaging in group sex were associated with unplanned sex. CONCLUSION: Intermittently dosed PrEP (as opposed to daily) may be a feasible HIV prevention strategy and should be considered for evaluation in clinical trials. Predictors of sex frequency and sex planning may help to identify those in need for daily PrEP and those who may not be able to take a timely pre-exposure dose Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20398261

HIV/Epidemiology

Recording of Maternal Deaths in an East African University Hospital

BERGSJO P., Vangen, S., Lie, R. T., Lyatuu, R., Lie-Nielsen, E., and Oneko, O. Acta Obstet.Gynecol.Scand. 2010 AD - Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology, Oslo, Norway ENG Abstract Objective. To trace all maternal deaths at a tertiary East African university hospital with a systematic registration of all births. Design. Descriptive study. Sample. One hundred and nineteen cases of maternal death which occurred in the period from 2000 to 2007 (including). Methods. Identification through the birth registry and separate manual tracing of all case records. Account of practical problems concerning identification of cases and analysis of time trends, mothers' domicile, occurrence by phase of pregnancy, birth and puerperium, and diagnoses. Results. There was considerable under-reporting of deaths in the medical birth registry. Twenty of 119 mothers died before 23 weeks' gestational age, most of them of unsafe abortion. Other prevalent direct causes of death were hemorrhage, eclampsia and other hypertensive complications. HIV/AIDS was primary cause in 20 cases. Conclusion. Even with relatively complete ascertainment of births, single hospital-based medical birth registries have limitations in studies of maternal deaths. They may identify risks among women who arrive for delivery at the hospital, but are not be well suited for estimation of total maternal mortality within the hospital walls. This would require additional data. Extending the birth registry monitoring system to all health institutions with obstetrical services in a region will give more reliable estimates to be followed over time and serve as a basis for regular auditing, to the benefit of mothers and their children Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20397762

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HIV/Epidemiology

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Risk Behavior Among Female Substance Abusers

RAMSEY S. E., Bell, K. M., and Engler, P. A. J.Addict.Dis. 29 (2), 192-199 ,2010 AD - The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA Susan_Ramsey@Brownedu eng HIV is an increasingly critical and costly health problem for American women. Substance use plays a major role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in women. There are several plausible explanations for the association between substance use and HIV risk behavior. Pregnant substance abusers are a population deserving special attention given the prevalence of risk behavior in this population and the added risk of perinatal transmission of HIV. Current guidelines for the screening and treatment of HIV among pregnant women and their infants are delineated. Substance abuse treatment has a limited impact on HIV risk ------36 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

behavior in female substance abusers. Similarly, traditional knowledge-based and skill-based HIV risk reduction interventions have modest efficacy in this population. Hence, there is a need to develop new interventions that directly target sex-related and drug-related HIV risk behavior among female substance abusers. Recent work suggests that the incorporation of motivational interviewing components into traditional HIV risk reduction interventions may be a promising new direction for the field Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20407976

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HIV/Epidemiology

HIV Transmission Risk Through Anal Intercourse: Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis and Implications for HIV Prevention

BAGGALEY R. F., White, R. G., and Boily, M. C. Int.J.Epidemiol. 2010 AD - Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, MRC Centre for Outbreak Analysis and Modelling, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK, Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease, Infectious Disease Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK and URESP, Centre de recherche FRSQ du CHA universitaire de Quebec, Quebec, Canada ENG BACKGROUND: The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infectiousness of anal intercourse (AI) has not been systematically reviewed, despite its role driving HIV epidemics among men who have sex with men (MSM) and its potential contribution to heterosexual spread. We assessed the per-act and per-partner HIV transmission risk from AI exposure for heterosexuals and MSM and its implications for HIV prevention. METHODS: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature on HIV-1 infectiousness through AI was conducted. PubMed was searched to September 2008. A binomial model explored the individual risk of HIV infection with and without highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). RESULTS: A total of 62 643 titles were searched; four publications reporting per- act and 12 reporting per-partner transmission estimates were included. Overall, random effects model summary estimates were 1.4% [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.2-2.5)] and 40.4% (95% CI 6.0-74.9) for per-act and per-partner unprotected receptive AI (URAI), respectively. There was no significant difference between per-act risks of URAI for heterosexuals and MSM. Per-partner unprotected insertive AI (UIAI) and combined URAI-UIAI risk were 21.7% (95% CI 0.2-43.3) and 39.9% (95% CI 22.5-57.4), respectively, with no available per-act estimates. Per-partner combined URAI-UIAI summary estimates, which adjusted for additional exposures other than AI with a 'main' partner [7.9% (95% CI 1.2-14.5)], were lower than crude (unadjusted) estimates [48.1% (95% CI 35.3-60.8)]. Our modelling demonstrated that it would require unreasonably low numbers of AI HIV exposures per partnership to reconcile the summary per-act and per-partner estimates, suggesting considerable variability

in AI infectiousness between and within partnerships over time. AI may substantially increase HIV transmission risk even if the infected partner is receiving HAART; however, predictions are highly sensitive to infectiousness assumptions based on viral load. CONCLUSIONS: Unprotected AI is a high-risk practice for HIV transmission, probably with substantial variation in infectiousness. The significant heterogeneity between infectiousness estimates means that pooled AI HIV transmission probabilities should be used with caution. Recent reported rises in AI among heterosexuals suggest a greater understanding of the role AI plays in heterosexual sex lives may be increasingly important for HIV prevention Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20406794

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HIV/Epidemiology

Impulsive SUI Epidemic Model for HIV/AIDS With Chronological Age and Infection Age

YAN P. J.Theor.Biol. 2010 AD - School of Science, Anhui Agricultural University, HeFei, 230036, PR China; College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046, PR China ENG This paper develops an impulsive SUI model of Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome(HIV/AIDS) epidemic for the first time to study the dynamic behavior of this model. The SUI model is described by impulsive partial differential equations. First, the well-posedness of the model is attained by the method of characteristic lines and iterative method. Secondly, the basic reproduction number R(0)(q, T) of the epidemic which depends on the impulsive HIV-finding period T and the HIV-finding proportion q is obtained by mathematical analysis. Our result shows that HIV/AIDS epidemic can be theoretically eradicated if we can have the suitable HIV-finding proportion q and the impulsive HIV-finding period T such that R(0)(q, T) < 1. We also conjecture that the infection-free periodic solution of the SUI model is unstable when R(0)(q, T) > 1 Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20406648

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Health economics

Patient Costs of Accessing Collaborative Tuberculosis and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Interventions in Ethiopia

VASSALL A., Seme, A., Compernolle, P., and Meheus, F. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. 14 (5), 604-610 ,2010

AD - Department of Development Policy and Practice, Royal Tropical Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands annavassall@lshtmacuk eng OBJECTIVE: To measure the patient costs of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (TB-HIV) services from hospital-based pilot sites for collaborative TB-HIV interventions in Ethiopia. METHODS: Costs of pre-treatment and treatment for a range of TB-HIV services provided as part of a collaborative TB-HIV programme in Ethiopia were estimated. RESULTS: Patient costs were found to be substantial compared to income levels. Pre-treatment costs were 35% of annual household income for TB patients (with no HIV), 33% for those with TB and HIV and 40% for those with HIV (with no TB). Pre-treatment direct costs were particularly significant. Patient costs during treatment for TB range between 49% and 71% of annual household income. Patient costs in the first year of antiretroviral treatment were 21% of annual household income. Costs fell as treatment progressed. CONCLUSION: Our results highlight the need to mitigate the economic impact on patients of treatment for TB and HIV/AIDS (acquired immune-deficiency syndrome) in low-income countries. Collaborative TB-HIV services may provide an opportunity to reduce pretreatment costs by providing an additional channel for the early diagnosis of HIV. Costs may be further reduced by ensuring that diagnostics are provided free of charge, providing social support at the start of treatment and bringing services closer to the patient Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20392354

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HIV/Health economics

HIV-Related Deaths and Economic Shocks: Does Survivors' Consumption Recover Over Time in Kwazulu-Natal?

GARBERO A. and Timaeus, I. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Health economics

Health Financing in Brazil, Russia and India: What Role Does the International Community Play?

SRIDHAR D. and Gomez, E. J. Health Policy Plan. 2010 AD - All Souls College, Oxford, UK and Rutgers University, New Jersey, USA ENG Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20400535

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Immunology

A Novel Polymorphism in ABCB1 Gene, CYP2B6*6 and Sex Predict Single-Dose Efavirenz Population Pharmacokinetics in Ugandans

MUKONZO J. K., Roshammar, D., Waako, P., Andersson, M., Fukasawa, T., Milani, L., Svensson, J. O., Ogwal-Okeng, J., Gustafsson, L. L., and Aklillu, E. Br.J.Clin.Pharmacol. 68 (5), 690-699 ,2009 AD - Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital-Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden eng AIMS: Efavirenz exhibits pharmacokinetic variability causing varied clinical response. The aim was to develop an integrated population pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic model and investigate the impact of genetic variations, sex, demographic and biochemical variables on single-dose efavirenz pharmacokinetics among Ugandan subjects, using NONMEM. METHODS: Efavirenz plasma concentrations (n = 402) from 121 healthy subjects were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography. Subjects were genotyped for 30 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), of which six were novel SNPs in CYP2B6, CYP3A5 and ABCB1. The efavirenz pharmacokinetics was described by a two-compartment model with zero- followed by first-order absorption. RESULTS: Apparent oral clearance (95% confidence interval) was 4 l h l(-1) (3.5, 4.5) in extensive metabolizers. In the final model, incorporating multiple covariates, statistical significance was found only for CYP2B6*6 and CYP2B6*11 on apparent oral clearance as well as ABCB1 (rs3842) on the relative bioavailability. Subjects homozygous for CYP2B6*6 (G516T, A785G) and *11 displayed 21 and 20% lower apparent oral clearance, respectively. Efavirenz relative bioavailability was 26% higher in subjects homozygous for ABCB1 (rs3842). The apparent peripheral volume of distribution was twofold higher in women compared with men. CONCLUSIONS: The model identified the four factors CYP2B6*6, CYP2B6*11, a novel variant allele in ABCB1 (rs3842) and sex as major predictors of efavirenz plasma exposure in a healthy Ugandan population after single-dose administration. Use of mixed-effects modelling allowed the analysis and integration of multiple pharmacogenetic and demographic covariates in a pharmacokinetic population model Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=19916993

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HIV/Immunology

Oxidant/Antioxidant Status in Patients With Chronic HIV Infection

COACCIOLI S., Crapa, G., Fantera, M., Del, Giorno R., Lavagna, A., Standoli, M. L., Frongillo, R., Biondi, R., and Puxeddu, A. Clin.Ter. 161 (1), 55-58 ,2010 AD - Dept of Internal Medicine, Perugia University School of Medicine, Didactic and Scientific District of Terni Santa Maria General Hospital, Italy scoaccioli@tinit eng The infection caused by HIV leads to an activation of the immune system, which involves local and systemic oxidative stress. In HIV-positive (HIV+) patients, oxidative damage is the result of HIV infection and its progression through the replication of the virus. We have examined 52 subjects: 26 HIV+ patients, and 26 healthy subjects (NC). Analysis of the parameters of the oxidant/antioxidant status (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), hydroperoxides (free radicals, PRO), thiols as thiolic capacity, TC) was carried out by means of the OXY-Absorbent test, the d-Rom test, and the -SHp test, respectively. Healthy subjects presented the following values: TAC (micromol/ml) 259.5+/-40.5; TC (micromol/l) 434.09+/- 18.31; PRO (mg/dl) 54.09+/-7.3; CD4+ cells (cells/ml) 850+/-333. Values of HIV+ patients were the following: TAC 218.73+/-18.55 (ns vs NC; TC 250.88+/-93.11 (p 0.001 vs NC); PRO 110.5+/- 23.61 (p 0.0005 vs NC); CD4+ cells 354+/-323.35 (p 0.0005 vs NC). The statistical analysis shows a direct correlation between TAC vs CD4+ cells; an indirect correlation between hydroperoxides vs CD4+ cells; not significant result between thiolic capacity vs CD4+ cells; finally, good correlations between TAC, hydroperoxides, and thiolic capacity vs HIV-RNA. The data obtained have proven that HIV+ patients present a condition of important oxidative stress. We may affi rm that this disease concurs with an increase of extreme stress; a condition in which the antioxidant defences are present, but are insufficient in neutralising the damaging actions of reactive species of oxygen, thus contributing to an acceleration in the natural history of HIV infections Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20393680

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HIV/Immunology

Caveolin-1 Modulates HIV-1 Envelope Induced Bystander Apoptosis Through Gp41

WANG X. M., Nadeau, P. E., Lo, Y. T., and Mergia, A. J.Virol. 2010 AD - Department of Infectious Disease and Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA ENG Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) envelope (Env) mediated bystander apoptosis is known to cause the progressive, severe, and irreversible loss of CD4+ T cells in HIV-1 infected patients. Env-induced bystander apoptosis has been shown to be gp41 dependent and related to the membrane hemifusion between envelope expressing cells and target cells. ------41 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

Caveolin-1 (Cav-1), the scaffold protein of a specific membrane lipid raft called caveolae, has been reported to interact with gp41. However, the underlying pathological or physiological meaning of this robust interaction remains unclear. In this report, we examine the interaction of cellular Cav-1 and HIV gp41 within the lipid rafts and show that Cav-1 modulates Env- induced bystander apoptosis through the interaction with gp41 in SupT1 cells and CD4+ T lymphocytes isolated from human peripheral blood. Cav-1 significantly suppressed Env- induced membrane hemifusion, caspase-3 activation and augmented Hsp70 upregulation. Moreover, a peptide containing the Cav-1 scaffold domain sequence markedly inhibited bystander apoptosis and apoptotic signal pathways. Our studies shed new light on the potential role of Cav-1 in limiting HIV pathogenesis and the development of a novel therapeutic strategy in treating HIV-1 infected patients Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20392844

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HIV/Immunology

Protein Kinase A Phosphorylation Activates Vpr-Induced Cell Cycle Arrest During Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Infection

BARNITZ R. A., Wan, F., Tripuraneni, V., Bolton, D. L., and Lenardo, M. J. J.Virol. 2010 AD - Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA ENG Infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) causes an inexorable depletion of CD4(+) T cells. The loss of these cells is particularly pronounced in the mucosal immune system during acute infection, and the data suggest that direct viral cytopathicity is a major factor. Cell cycle arrest caused by the HIV-1 accessory protein Vpr is strongly correlated with virus-induced cell death, and phosphorylation of Vpr serine 79 (S79) is required to activate G2,M cell cycle blockade. However, the kinase responsible for phosphorylating Vpr remains unknown. Our bioinformatic analyses revealed that S79 is part of a putative phosphorylation site recognized by Protein Kinase A (PKA). We show that PKA interacts with Vpr and directly phosphorylates S79. Inhibition of PKA activity during HIV-1 infection abrogates Vpr cell cycle arrest. These findings provide new insight into the signaling event that activates Vpr cell cycle arrest, ultimately leading to the death of infected T cells Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20392842

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HIV/Immunology

Live Cell Co-Imaging of the Genomic RNAs and Gag Proteins of Two Lentiviruses

KEMLER I., Meehan, A., and Poeschla, E. M. J.Virol. 2010 AD - Department of Molecular Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN ENG HIV-1 Gag and genomic RNA determinants required for encapsidation are well established but where and when encapsidation occurs in the cell is unknown. We constructed MS2 phage coat protein labeling systems to track spatial dynamics of primate and nonprimate lentiviral genomic RNAs (HIV-1, FIV) vis-a-vis their Gag proteins in live cells. Genomic RNAs of both lentiviral genera were observed to traffic into the cytoplasm and this was Rev-dependent. In transit, FIV Gag and genomic RNA accumulated independently of each other at the nuclear envelope and focal co-localizations of psi(+) genomic RNA and Gag were observed to extend outward from the cytoplasmic face. In contrast, although HIV-1 genomic RNA was detected at the nuclear envelope, HIV-1 Gag was not. For both lentiviruses, genomic RNAs were seen at the plasma membrane if and only if Gag was present and psi was intact. In addition, HIV- 1 and FIV genomes accumulated with Gag in late endosomal foci, again only psi- dependently. Thus, lentiviral genomic RNAs require specific Gag binding to accumulate at the plasma membrane, packaged genomes co-internalize with Gag into the endosomal pathway, and plasma membrane RNA incorporation by Gag does not trigger committed lentiviral particle egress from the cell. Based on the FIV results, we hypothesize that Gag- genome association may initiate at the nuclear envelope Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20392841

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HIV/Immunology

HIV-1 Nef Associates With P22-Phox, a Component of the NADPH Oxidase Protein Complex

SALMEN S., Colmenares, M., Peterson, D. L., Reyes, E., Rosales, J. D., and Berrueta, L. Cell Immunol. 2010 AD - Institute of Clinical Immunology, University of Los Andes, Merida, Venezuela ENG Altered neutrophil function may contribute to the development of AIDS during the course of HIV infection. It has been described that Nef, a regulatory protein from HIV, can modulate superoxide production in other cells, therefore altered superoxide production in neutrophils from HIV infected patients, could be secondary to a direct effect of Nef on components of the NADPH oxidase complex. In this work, we describe that Nef, was capable of increasing superoxide production in human neutrophils. Furthermore, a specific association between Nef and p22-phox, a membrane component of the NADPH oxidase complex, was found. We propose that this association may reflect a capability of Nef to modulate by direct association,

the enzymatic complex responsible for one of the most efficient innate defense mechanisms in phagocytes, contributing to the pathogenesis of the disease Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20392440

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HIV/Immunology

First-Year Lymphocyte T CD4+ Response to Antiretroviral Therapy According to the HIV Type in the IeDEA West Africa Collaboration

DRYLEWICZ J., Eholie, S., Maiga, M., Zannou, D. M., Sow, P. S., Ekouevi, D. K., Peterson, K., Bissagnene, E., Dabis, F., and Thiebaut, R. AIDS. 24 (7), 1043-1050 ,2010 AD - INSERM U897, France eng OBJECTIVE: To compare the lymphocyte T CD4+ (CD4) response to combinations of antiretroviral therapy (ART) in HIV-1, HIV-2 and dually positive patients in West Africa. DESIGN AND SETTING: Collaboration of 12 prospective cohorts of HIV-infected adults followed in Senegal (2), Gambia (1), Mali (2), Benin (1) and Cote d'Ivoire (6). Subjects: Nine thousand, four hundred and eighty-two patients infected by HIV-1 only, 270 by HIV-2 only and 321 dually positive, who initiated an ART. OUTCOME MEASURES: CD4 change over a 12-month period. RESULTS: Observed CD4 cell counts at treatment initiation were similar in the three groups [overall median 155, interquartile range (IQR) 68; 249 cells/microl). In HIV-1 patients, the most common ART regimen was two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) and one non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI; N = 7714) as well as for dually positive patients (N = 135). HIV-2 patients were most often treated with a protease inhibitor-based regimen (N = 193) but 45 of them were treated with an NNRTI-containing ART. In those treated with a NNRTI-containing regimen, the estimated mean CD4 change between 3 and 12 months was significantly lower in HIV-2 (-41 cells/microl per year) and dually positive patients (+12 cells/microl per year) compared to HIV-1 patients (+69 cells/microl per year, overall P value 0.01). The response in HIV-2 and dually positive patients treated by another regimen (triple NRTIs or protease inhibitor-containing ART) was not significantly different than the response obtained in HIV-1-only patients (all P values >0.30). CONCLUSION: An optimal CD4 response to ART in West Africa requires determining HIV type prior to initiation of antiretroviral drugs. NNRTIs are the mainstay of first-line ART in West Africa but are not adapted to the treatment of HIV-2 and dually positive patients Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20397306

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HIV/Immunology

Induction of Systemic HIV-1-Specific Cellular Immune Responses by Oral Exposure in the Uninfected Partner of Discordant Couples

PEREZ C. L., Hasselrot, K., Bratt, G., Broliden, K., and Karlsson, A. C. AIDS. 24 (7), 969-974 ,2010 AD - Department of Virology, Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, and Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Sweden eng OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have identified HIV-specific T-cell responses in HIV-exposed uninfected individuals (EUI). However, so far no study has investigated exposure through oral sex. Our aim was to investigate whether oral exposure is enough to induce a systemic HIV-specific T-cell response. DESIGN: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 25 EUI living with a HIV-positive partner. Sexual behavior was described by the EUI in self-reported questionnaires. All clinical data of the infected partners were well documented. METHODS: Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with five different HIV peptide pools and HIV-specific T-cell responses were detected using the interferon-[gamma] enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Multiple cytokine production was studied longitudinally using flow cytometry intracellular cytokine assay. RESULTS: The majority of the discordant couples reported having protected anal intercourse but unprotected oral sex. Three of the 23 tested EUI with evaluable results had HIV-Gag or Nef-specific T-cell responses. Two of the responders reported unprotected oral sex as the only route of exposure. The HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the Gag-responder showed production of multiple cytokines. The magnitude of the responses decreased over time when the level of exposure, determined by the viral load in the partner, declined. CONCLUSION: HIV exposure through oral sex is sufficient to induce systemic HIV-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell immune responses in some uninfected individuals. Further investigation is needed to determine whether these responses have any protective role against HIV infection, or are merely evidence of exposure Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20397304

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HIV/Immunology

CXCR4 in Clinical Hematology

CALANDRA G., Bridger, G., and Fricker, S. Curr.Top.Microbiol.Immunol. 2010 AD - Private Consultant, 50 Wyndham Hills, Cresco, PA, 18326, USA, calandra@sunlinknet ENG Pharmacological manipulation of CXCR4 has proven clinically useful for mobilization of stem and progenitor cells and in several preclinical models of disease. It is a key component in the localization of leukocytes and stem cells. For patients with multiple myeloma and non- Hodgkin's Lymphoma, treatment with plerixafor, an inhibitor of CXCL12 binding to CXCR4, plus G-CSF mobilizes stem cells for autologous transplantation to a greater degree than the treatment with G-CSF alone, and in some cases when patients could not be mobilized with ------45 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

cytokines, chemotherapy, or the combination. Stem cells from healthy donors mobilized with single agent plerixafor have been used for allogeneic transplantation in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) patients, although this is still in the early phase of clinical development. Plerixafor is also undergoing evaluation to mobilize tumor cells in patients with AML and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) to enhance the effectiveness of chemotherapy regimens. Plerixafor's effect on neutrophils may also restore circulating neutrophil counts to normal levels in patients with chronic neutropenias such as in WHIMs syndrome. Other areas where inhibition of CXCR4 may be useful based upon preclinical or clinical data include peripheral vascular disease, autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, pulmonary inflammation, and HIV Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20397073

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HIV/Immunology

Abundant Expression of HIV Target Cells and C-Type Lectin Receptors in the Foreskin Tissue of Young Kenyan Men

HIRBOD T., Bailey, R. C., Agot, K., Moses, S., Ndinya-Achola, J., Murugu, R., Andersson, J., Nilsson, J., and Broliden, K. Am.J.Pathol. 2010 AD - From the Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine,* Infectious Disease Unit, Solna, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; the Impact Research and Development Organization, Kisumu, Kenya; the Departments of Medical Microbiology, Community Health Sciences, and Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; the Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; and the Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ENG A biological explanation for the reduction in HIV-1 (HIV) acquisition after male circumcision may be that removal of the foreskin reduces the number of target cells for HIV. The expression of potential HIV target cells and C-type lectin receptors in foreskin tissue of men at risk of HIV infection were thus analyzed. Thirty-three foreskin tissue samples, stratified by Herpes simplex virus type 2 status, were obtained from a randomized, controlled trial conducted in Kenya. The samples were analyzed by confocal in situ imaging microscopy and mRNA quantification by quantitative RT-qPCR. The presence and location of T cells (CD3(+)CD4(+)), Langerhans cells (CD1a(+)Langerin/CD207(+)), macrophages (CD68(+) or CD14(+)), and submucosal dendritic cells (CD123(+)BDCA-2(+) or CD11c(+)DC-SIGN(+)) were defined. C-type lectin receptor expressing cells were detected in both the epithelium and submucosa, and distinct lymphoid aggregates densely populated with CD3(+)CD4(+) T cells were identified in the submucosa. Although the presence of lymphoid aggregates and mRNA expression of selected markers varied between study subjects, Herpes simplex virus type 2 serostatus was not the major determinant for the detected differences. The detection of abundant and superficially present potential HIV target cells and submucosal lymphoid aggregates in foreskin mucosa from a highly relevant HIV risk group demonstrate a possible anatomical explanation that may contribute to the protective effect of male circumcision on HIV transmission Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20395432

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HIV/Immunology

FoxP3 Overexpression and CD1a(+) and CD3(+) Depletion in Anal Tissue As Possible Mechanisms for Increased Risk of Human Papillomavirus-Related Anal Carcinoma in HIV Infection

YAGHOOBI M., Le, Gouvello S., Aloulou, N., Duprez-Dutreuil, C., Walker, F., and Sobhani, I. ------47 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

Colorectal Dis. 2010 AD - Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada ENG Abstract Aim: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a main risk factor for anal cancer. We analyzed local cellular and humoral immunity factors in the anal mucosa in an attempt to explain how HIV infection increases the risk of anal cancer in HPV-infected patients. Method: HIV-positive cases and matched HIV-negative controls with less than one recurrence of condylomas were included in a prospective study following treatment of the initial lesions. Patients were followed every 3 to 6 months for the development of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN3) and cancer for up to 60 months. Tissue CD1a(+), CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+) cells and mRNAs of selected cytokines and chemokines were quantified and compared in patients with or without AIN3 or cancer using morphometric or immunohistochemistric analysis and qRT-PCR. Results: Sixty six individuals (22 patients and 44 controls) were included. In case group, CD1a(+) and CD3(+) cell counts were significantly lower in biopsies from AIN3 and cancer specimens compared with those from AIN1-2 or normal biopsies (p< 0.0001). A CD1a(+) count of less than 10/mm was predictive of AIN3 and cancer (Odds ratio= 9.4, 95% CI: 5.4-18.3, p <0.0001). IL-8 and IL23 levels were significantly higher in cancer than in non-cancer tissues regardless of HIV status (p=0.02). FoxP3 expression was significantly higher in HIV-infected cases than in controls with AIN3/cancer (p< 0.04). Conclusion: Depletion of CD1a(+) and CD3(+) cells and over expression of FoxP3 in the anal mucosa appears likely to contribute to the risk of HPV-related anal cancer in HIV- infected patients. Furthermore, over expression of IL-8 and IL-23 in the anal mucosa might be responsible for the development of this cancer regardless of HIV status Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20394639

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HIV/Immunology

Innate Inhibitory Activity of Amniotic Fluid Against HIV-1: A Potential Role in Prevention of In Utero Transmission

FARZIN A., Ank, B., Boyer, P., Nielsen, K., and Bryson, Y. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 4413.447 ,2010 University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Defining Immune Abnormalities and Their Consequences in the HIV Exposed but Uninfected Child

REIKIE B., Adams, R., Cotton, M., Speert, D., de, Beer C., Fortuno, E., Esser, M., and Kollmann, T. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 442 ,2010 ------48 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Pathology, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa; Pediatrics, Tygerberg Hospital, Tygerberg, South Africa Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Determinants of the Interpersonal Variation in Treatment Response to Anti-HlV Nucleoside Analogs

PAINTSIL E., Dutschman, G., Rong, Hu, and Cheng, Y. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2870.580 ,2010 Pediatrics, Yale University, New Haven, CT; Pharmacology, Yale University, New Haven, CT Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Establishment of Hematologic and Immunologic Reference Values for Healthy Tanzanian Children in the Kilimanjaro Region

BUCHANAN A., Muro, F., Gratz, J., Crump, J., Musyoka, A., Sichangi, M., Morrissey, A., M'rimberia, J., Njau, B., Msuya, L., Bartlett, J., and Cunningham, C. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 1492.380 ,2010 Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of; Kilimanjaro Christian Medical College, Tumaini University, Moshi, Tanzania, United Republic of; Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Sevi, A Natural Enhancer of Hiv Infection, As A Novel Target to Prevent Hiv Transmission

TOUGER OLSEN J. and Dewhurst, S. ,Chicago, IL; USA, 141 ,2010 University of Rochester, Rochester NY Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

The Role of Ferritin Heavy Chain and Opiates in Neuroaids: A Systematic in Vivo Analysis of A Novel Cxcr4 Regulator Within the Human Cortex

PITCHER J., Shimizu, S., and Meucci, O. ,Chicago, IL; USA, 156 ,2010 Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

The Hiv Glycoprotein Gp120 Impairs Fast Axonal Transport by A Mechanism Involving Activation of Selected Phosphotransferases

BERTH S., Sarma, T., Morfini, G., and Brady, S. ,Chicago, IL; USA, 4 ,2010 University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Genital Secretions From Hiv Infected Women Exhibit Decreased Activity Against Hsv-2

MADAN R., Torres, M., Kim, M., Keller, M., and Herold, B. ,Washington, DC; USA, A-239 ,2010 Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Cocaine Use Predicts Lack of Virologic Control Based on A Rapid Screening Tool for Adherence and Active Substance Abuse in An Outpatient Hiv Clinic

DESRUISSEAU A., Stinnette, S., Kheshti, A., and Qian, H. ,Washington, DC; USA, A-133 ,2010 1) Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States; 2) Comprehensive Care Center (Vanderbilt University), Nashville,TN, United States Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Monocyte Dysregulation Is Induced by Nef Exosome Endocytosis

JOHNSON K., Bo-Huang, M., Ali, S., Roth, B., Shelton, M., Powell, M., and Bond, V. ,Washington, DC; USA, A-224 ,2010 Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

EBV, Lymphoma-Risk and the Potential Role of HIV-Infection for IBD Patients Undergoing Immunosuppression

WEINSTOCK D. ,Miami, FL; USA ,2010 Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Dana 510B, Boston, MA 02115, USA Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Modularity in Protein Interaction Network Hubs Predicts Viral Host- Pathogen Interactions

EVANS P., Dampier, W., Tozeren, A., and Ungar, L. ,Quebec; Canada, 119 ,2010 1) Genomics and Computational Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; 2) School of Biomedical Engineering, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Comparative Host-Pathogen Interactome Mapping for HIV and HTLV Retroviruses: Unraveling New Therapeutic Opportunities for Retroviral Associated Diseases

TWIZERE J., Simonis, N., Rual, J., Lemmens, I., Hirozane-Kishikawa, T., Dricot, A., Tong, Hao, Boxus, M., Dewulf, J., Legros, S., Klitgord, N., Martin, M., Smolyar, A., Willaert, J., Dequiedt, F., Navratil, V., Cusick, M., Burny, A., Hill, D., Tavernier, J., Vidal, M., and Kettmann, R. ,Quebec; Canada, 243 ,2010

1) Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology, Gembloux University (FUSAGx), 13 avenue Marechal Juin, 5030 Gembloux, Belgium; 2) Center for Cancer Systems Biology and Department of Cancer Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, 44 Binney Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA; 3) Laboratoire de Bioinformatique des Génomes et des Réseaux (BiGRe), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Campus Plaine, CP 263, Boulevard du Triomphe, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; 4) Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium; 5) Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Lyon, Université de Lyon, INRA, UMR754, and INSERM, U851, 21 avenue Tony Garnier, Lyon, 69007, France Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Functional Insights From Protein-Protein and Genetic Interaction Maps

KROGAN N. ,Quebec; Canada ,2010 Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology/California Institute for Quantitative Biomedical Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94158 Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Neoepitope Antibodies to Monitor Proteolytic Networks

KOERBER J., Sidhu, S., and Wells, J. ,Quebec; Canada, 237 ,2010 Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California - San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Immunology

Generation of a Family-Specific Phage Library of Llama Single Chain Antibody Fragments That Neutralize HIV-1

KOH W. W., Steffensen, S., Gonzalez, M., Hoorelbeke, B., Gorlani, A., Szynol, A., Forsman, A., asa-Chapman, M. M., de, Haard H., Verrips, T., and Weiss, R. A. J.Biol.Chem. 2010 AD - University College London, United Kingdom; ENG Recently we described llama antibodies fragments (VHH) that neutralize human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). These VHH were obtained after selective elution of

phages carrying an immune library raised against gp120 of HIV-1 subtype B/C CN54 with soluble CD4. We describe here a new, family-specific approach to obtain the largest possible diversity of related VHH that compete with soluble CD4 for binding to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. The creation of this family-specific library of homologous VHH has enabled us to isolate phages carrying similar nucleotide sequences as the parental VHH. These VHH displayed varying binding affinities and neutralisation phenotypes to a panel of different strains and subtypes of HIV-1. Sequence analysis of the homologues showed that the C- terminal 3 amino acids of the CDR3 loop were crucial in determining the specificity of these VHH for different subtype C HIV-1 strains. There was a correlation between affinity of VHH binding to gp120 of HIV-1 IIIB and breadth of neutralization of diverse HIV-1 envelopes. The family-specific approach has therefore allowed us to better understand the interaction of CD4 binding site antibodies with virus strain specificity, and has potential use for the bioengineering of antibodies and HIV-1 vaccine development Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20400507

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HIV/Immunology

Prognostic Value of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cell-Associated HIV-1 DNA for Virological Outcome in Asymptomatic HIV-1 Chronic Infection

RODRIGUEZ-SAINZ C., Ramos, R., Valor, L., Lopez, F., Santamaria, B., Hernandez, D. C., Cruz, J. S., Navarro, J., Modrego, J., Alecsandru, D., and Fernandez-Cruz, E. J.Clin.Virol. 2010 AD - Clinical Immunology Division, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Maranon, Microbiology Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain ENG BACKGROUND: Studies in primary HIV-1 infection and advanced HIV-1 disease have demonstrated that HIV-1 DNA associated with peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC HIV-1 DNA) has predictive value for disease progression. OBJECTIVES: To analyse in asymptomatic HIV-1 chronic infection the predictive value of PBMC HIV-1 DNA for virological failure. STUDY DESIGN: In 115 individuals who had previously participated in study STIR-2102, we retrospectively analysed the PBMC HIV-1 DNA by quantitative real- time PCR. Antiretroviral naive patients (baseline pre-ART) received 6 weeks of ART prior to randomisation (baseline post-ART). The predictive value of PBMC HIV-1 DNA, HIV-1 RNA in plasma and CD4(+) T cells, at baselines pre-ART and post-ART, was determined by Kaplan-Meier and Proportional Hazards Regression analyses. RESULTS: At baseline post- ART, 82% of patients showed suppression of HIV-1 RNA, however they maintained significant amounts of HIV-1 DNA (geometric mean: 690copies/10(6) PBMC). Pre-ART and post-ART levels of HIV-1 DNA and pre-ART levels of HIV-1 RNA showed predictive value (Log-Rank test: p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.003, respectively). In a multivariate model post-ART PBMC HIV-1 DNA was the stronger predictive variable (adjusted HR, 2.51 [95% CI, 1.33-4.73, p=0.004]) independently of HIV-1 RNA (HR 1.74 [95% CI, 1.16-2.61, p=0.007]).

CONCLUSIONS: PBMC HIV-1 DNA is an effective prognostic marker for virological outcome in individuals with asymptomatic HIV-1 chronic infection Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20399705

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HIV/Immunology

CCR2 Plays a Critical Role in Dendritic Cell Maturation: Possible Role of CCL2 and NF-{Kappa}B

JIMENEZ F., Quinones, M. P., Martinez, H. G., Estrada, C. A., Clark, K., Garavito, E., Ibarra, J., Melby, P. C., and Ahuja, S. S. J.Immunol. 2010 AD - Audie L Murphy Division, Veterans Administration Center for Research on AIDS and HIV-1 Infection, South Texas Veterans Health Care System ENG We postulated that CCR2-driven activation of the transcription factor NF-kappaB plays a critical role in dendritic cell (DC) maturation (e.g., migration, costimulation, and IL-12p70 production), necessary for the generation of protective immune responses against the intracellular pathogen Leishmania major. Supporting this notion, we found that CCR2, its ligand CCL2, and NF-kappaB were required for CCL19 production and adequate Langerhans cell (LC) migration both ex vivo and in vivo. Furthermore, a role for CCR2 in upregulating costimulatory molecules was indicated by the reduced expression of CD80, CD86, and CD40 in Ccr2(-/-) bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) compared with wild-type (WT) BMDCs. Four lines of evidence suggested that CCR2 plays a critical role in the induction of protective immunity against L. major by regulating IL-12p70 production and migration of DC populations such as LCs. First, compared with WT, Ccr2(-/-) lymph node cells, splenocytes, BMDCs, and LCs produced lower levels of IL-12p70 following stimulation with LPS/IFN-gamma or L. major. Second, a reduced number of LCs carried L. major from the skin to the draining lymph nodes in Ccr2(-/-) mice compared with WT mice. Third, early treatment with exogenous IL-12 reversed the susceptibility to L. major infection in Ccr2(-/-) mice. Finally, disruption of IL-12p70 in radioresistant cells, such as LCs, but not in BMDCs resulted in the inability to mount a fully protective immune response in bone marrow chimeric mice. Collectively, our data point to an important role for CCR2-driven activation of NF-kappaB in the regulation of DC/LC maturation processes that regulate protective immunity against intracellular pathogens Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20404272

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HIV/Immunology

Mhc Haplotype M3 Is Associated With Early Control of SHIVsbg Infection in Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaques

MEE E. T., Berry, N., Ham, C., Aubertin, A., Lines, J., Hall, J., Stebbings, R., Page, M., Almond, N., and Rose, N. J. Tissue Antigens. 2010 AD - Division of Retrovirology, National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Health Protection Agency, Hertfordshire, UK ENG ------55 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

The restricted major histocompatibilty complex of Mauritian cynomolgus macaques confers exceptional potential on this species in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccine development. However, knowledge of the effects of Mhc genetics on commonly used simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and simian/human immunodeficiency virus (SHIV) stocks is incomplete. We determined the effect of Mhc haplotypes on SHIVsbg replication kinetics in a cohort of 25 naive cynomolgus macaques. Haplotype M3 was associated with a 1.58log(10) reduction in viraemia at day 28 post infection (p.i.). Haplotype M6 was associated with elevated SHIVsbg viraemia at days 28 and 56. No significant effect of Mhc class II haplotypes on viral replication was observed. These data emphasise the importance of genetic characterisation of experimental macaques and advance our understanding of host genetic effects in SIV/SHIV models of HIV infection Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20403147

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HIV/Immunology

HIV+ Elite Controllers Have Low HIV-Specific T-Cell Activation Yet Maintain Strong, Polyfunctional T-Cell Responses

OWEN R. E., Heitman, J. W., Hirschkorn, D. F., Lanteri, M. C., Biswas, H. H., Martin, J. N., Krone, M. R., Deeks, S. G., and Norris, P. J. AIDS. 2010 AD - aBlood Systems Research Institute, USA bDepartments of Laboratory Medicine, USA cEpidemiology and Biostatistics, USA dMedicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA ENG OBJECTIVE:: HIV elite controllers are a unique group of rare individuals who maintain undetectable viral loads in the absence of antiretroviral therapy. We studied immune responses in these individuals to inform vaccine development, with the goal of identifying the immune correlates of protection from HIV. METHODS:: We compared markers of cellular activation, HIV-specific immune responses and regulatory T (Treg) cell frequencies in four groups of individuals: HIV-negative healthy controls, elite controllers (HIV RNA level <75 copies/ml), individuals on HAART and individuals with HIV RNA level more than 10 000 copies/ml (noncontrollers). RESULTS:: Elite controllers possessed significantly lower levels of activated HIV-specific CD8 T cells and of recently divided HIV-specific CD4 T cells than noncontrollers, whereas these differences were not seen in the respective cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell populations. Elite controllers also mounted a stronger and broader cytokine and chemokine response following HIV-specific stimulation than individuals on HAART and noncontrollers. Finally, we found that HAART-suppressed individuals had elevated Treg cell frequencies, whereas elite controllers and noncontrollers maintained normal percentages of Treg cells. CONCLUSION:: Elite controllers maintain high levels of HIV-specific immune responses with low levels of HIV-specific T-cell activation and do not have elevated Treg cell levels. Based on these data an ideal HIV vaccine would induce strong HIV-specific immune responses whereas minimizing HIV-specific T-cell activation

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HIV/Immunology

Kinetics of Interaction of HIV Fusion Protein (Gp41) With Lipid Membranes Studied by Real-Time AFM Imaging

BITLER A., Lev, N., Fridmann-Sirkis, Y., Blank, L., Cohen, S. R., and Shai, Y. Ultramicroscopy. 2010 AD - Department of Chemical Research Support, Israel ENG One of the most important steps in the process of viral infection is a fusion between cell membrane and virus, which is mediated by the viral envelope glycoprotein. The study of activity of the glycoprotein in the post-fusion state is important for understanding the progression of infection. Here we present a first real-time kinetic study of the activity of gp41 (the viral envelope glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus-HIV) and its two mutants in the post-fusion state with nanometer resolution by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Tracking the changes in the phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylcholine- phosphatidylserine (PC:PS) membrane integrity over one hour by a set of AFM images revealed differences in the interaction of the three types of protein with zwitterionic and negatively charged membranes. A quantitative analysis of the slow kinetics of hole formation in the negatively charged lipid bilayer is presented. Specifically, analysis of the rate of roughness change for the three types of proteins suggests that they exhibit different types of kinetic behavior Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20399563

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HIV/Immunology

Antibodies: Beyond Neutralization

VON BUBNOFF A. IAVI.Rep. 14 (1), 8-12 ,2010 engLink : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20349583

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HIV/Immunology

Inhibition of DC-SIGN-Mediated Transmission of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 by Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signalling in Breast Milk Macrophages

YAGI Y., Watanabe, E., Watari, E., Shinya, E., Satomi, M., Takeshita, T., and Takahashi, H. Immunology. 2010 AD - Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan ENG Summary The majority of cells in early/colostrum milk are breast milk macrophages (BrMMo) expressing dendritic cell (DC)-specific intercellular adhesion molecule 3 (ICAM3) grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), and the expression level of DC-SIGN on BrMMo will determine cell-to-cell human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmissibility. Thus, one of the strategies to prevent vertical transmission of HIV-1 through breast-feeding is to find a way to suppress DC-SIGN expression on BrMMo. As for the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in BrMMo, TLR3 was always seen in BrMMo but not in peripheral blood monocytes (PBMo). Also, the expression of TLR3 was slightly enhanced in BrMMo when the cells were treated with interleukin (IL)-4. Moreover, when TLR3 was stimulated with its specific ligand, the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) poly(I:C), DC-SIGN expression on BrMMo was reduced even in the IL-4-mediated enhanced state. Some reduction may be caused by type I interferons (IFNs), such as IFN-alpha/beta, secreted from BrMMo. Indeed, both IFNs, particularly IFN-beta, showed a strong capacity to suppress the enhancement of DC-SIGN expression on IL-4-treated BrMMo and such TLR3-mediated DC-SIGN suppression was partially abrogated by the addition of anti-IFN-alpha/beta-receptor-specific antibodies. As expected, DC-SIGN-mediated HIV-1 transmission to CD4-positive cells by BrMMo was inhibited by either poly(I:C) stimulation or by treatment with type I IFNs. These findings suggest a possible strategy for preventing mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 via breast-feeding through TLR3 signalling Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20406303

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Pathology

Sporothrix Schenckii Meningitis in AIDS During Immune Reconstitution Syndrome

GALHARDO M. C., Silva, M. T., Lima, M. A., Nunes, E. P., Schettini, L. E., de Freitas, R. F., de Almeida, Paes R., Neves, E. D., and do Valle, A. C. J.Neurol.Neurosurg.Psychiatry. 2010 AD - Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute (IPEC), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Avenida Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ENG

Sporotrichosis is a fungal disease usually restricted to the cutaneous and lymphatic systems. Visceral involvement is unusual. To date, only 21 cases of sporotrichosis meningitis have been reported, some of these associated with immunosuppression. According to the reported cases, difficulty establishing the correct diagnosis is almost the rule which, undoubtedly, is associated with a worse prognosis. In this report, two HIV infected patients are described who developed meningitis due to Sporothrix schenckii associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. This is the first report of sporotrichosis meningitis associated with immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome in AIDS patients Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20392979

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HIV/Pathology

Incidence of Tuberculosis in People Living With the Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Saudi Arabia

OMAIR M. A., Al-Ghamdi, A. A., and Alrajhi, A. A. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. 14 (5), 600-603 ,2010 AD - Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia eng OBJECTIVE: To identify the incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in people living with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) (PLWH) followed at an HIV referral and care facility. DESIGN: Observational longitudinal cohort. METHODS: Data were collected longitudinally as patients were admitted to the HIV programme and included demographics, TB diagnosis and treatment, CD4+ T lymphocyte count and TB treatment outcomes. The TB-free follow-up period of all patients was used to calculate TB incidence rates. RESULTS: Between 1997 and 2007, 217 new adult patients joined the HIV programme. TB was diagnosed in 16 patients (7.4%), all of whom had acquired immune-deficiency syndrome at the time of TB diagnosis. Seven developed extra-pulmonary disease (44%), six had pulmonary TB (37%), while three had both (19%). The TB incidence rate was 1354 per 100,000 person-years (py) among the HIV-infected cohort. The incidence rate of pulmonary TB was 762/100,000 py and for extra- pulmonary TB it was 592/100,000 py. Seven patients (44%) died despite early diagnosis and treatment for TB. CONCLUSION: Among PLWH in Saudi Arabia, TB incidence is 30 times higher than in the general population, with significant mortality despite early diagnosis, treatment and tertiary care support Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20392353

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HIV/Pathology

The Association Between Cervical Human Papillomavirus Infection and HIV Acquisition Among Women in Zimbabwe

AVERBACH S. H., Gravitt, P. E., Nowak, R. G., Celentano, D. D., Dunbar, M. S., Morrison, C. S., Grimes, B., and Padian, N. S. AIDS. 24 (7), 1035-1042 ,2010 AD - University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, California, USA eng BACKGROUND: The prevalence of human papillomavirus (HPV) is higher among HIV- positive women, but the prevalence of HPV prior to HIV acquisition has not been carefully evaluated. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated whether HPV infection is independently associated with heterosexual HIV acquisition in a cohort of Zimbabwean women. DESIGN: Case-control study nested within a large multicenter cohort study (HC-HIV). METHODS: Cases consisted of Zimbabwean women with incident HIV infection observed during follow- up (n = 145). HIV-uninfected controls were selected and matched to cases (n = 446). The prevalence of cervical HPV infections was compared at the visit prior to HIV infection in the cases and at the same follow-up visit in the matched controls. RESULTS: The odds of acquiring HIV were 2.4 times higher in women with prior cervical HPV infection after adjustment for behavioral and biologic risk factors. There was no statistically significant difference in the risk of HIV acquisition between women infected with high-risk vs. low-risk HPV types. Loss of detection of at least one HPV DNA type was significantly associated with HIV acquisition [odd ratio = 5.4 (95% confidence interval 2.9-9.9)] (P < .0001). Conclusion: Cervical HPV infection is associated with HIV acquisition among women residing in a region with a high prevalence of both infections. Further studies are required to evaluate whether the observed association is causal Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20397287

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HIV/Pathology

HIV-Associated Neurocognitive Disorder: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Opportunities

LINDL K. A., Marks, D. R., Kolson, D. L., and Jordan-Sciutto, K. L. J.Neuroimmune.Pharmacol. 2010 AD - Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, 240 S 40th St, Room 312 Levy Building, Philadelphia, PA, 19104-6030, USA ENG Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV) infection presently affects more that 40 million people worldwide, and is associated with central nervous system (CNS) disruption in at least 30% of infected individuals. The use of highly active antiretroviral therapy has lessened the incidence, but not the prevalence of mild impairment of higher cognitive and cortical functions (HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders) as well as substantially reduced a more severe form dementia (HIV-associated dementia). Furthermore, improving neurological ------60 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

outcomes will require novel, adjunctive therapies that are targeted towards mechanisms of HIV-induced neurodegeneration. Identifying such molecular and pharmacological targets requires an understanding of the events preceding irreversible neuronal damage in the CNS, such as actions of neurotoxins (HIV proteins and cellular factors), disruption of ion channel properties, synaptic damage, and loss of adult neurogenesis. By considering the specific mechanisms and consequences of HIV neuropathogenesis, unified approaches for neuroprotection will likely emerge using a tailored, combined, and non-invasive approach Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20396973

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HIV/Pathology

Tuberculosis Rates Among HIV-Infected Persons in New York City, 2001-2005

TRIEU L., Li, J., Hanna, D. B., and Harris, T. G. Am.J.Public Health. 2010 AD - New York City Dept of Health and Mental Hygiene ENG We calculated population-based tuberculosis (TB) rates among HIV-infected persons in New York City from 2001 through 2005 using data from the city's TB and HIV/AIDS surveillance registries, and we examined those rates using linear trend tests and incidence rate ratios (IRRs). HIV-infected individuals had 16 times the TB rate of a "non-HIV" population (HIV status negative or unknown; IRR=16.0; 95% confidence interval=14.9, 17.2). TB rates declined significantly among the US-born HIV-infected population (Ptrend<.001) but not among the foreign-born HIV-infected population (Ptrend=.355). Such disparities must be addressed if further declines are to be achieved Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20395574

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HIV/Pathology

HIV-Associated Lymphoma

LEVINE A. M. Blood. 115 (15), 2986-2987 ,2010 AD - City of Hope National Medical Center, USA engLink : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20395421

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HIV/Pathology

Higher Mortality in HIV-2/HTLV-1 Co-Infected Patients With Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa, Compared to HIV-2-Positive HTLV-1-Negative Patients

NORRGREN H., Bamba, S., Da Silva, Z. J., Koivula, T., and Andersson, S. Int.J.Infect.Dis. 2010 AD - Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Infection Medicine, Lund University, 221 85 Lund, Sweden ENG OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) on CD4 counts and mortality in tuberculosis (TB) patients with or without human

immunodeficiency virus (HIV). METHODS: A prospective study on 280 hospitalized patients with pulmonary TB was performed in Guinea-Bissau, 1994-1997, including HIV, CD4 counts and clinical outcome. We compared the CD4 count levels at the time of inclusion between HIV-negative and HIV-positive patients, with or without HTLV-1. Mortality was determined while patients were on treatment for TB. RESULTS: Median CD4% was significantly higher in HIV-positive subjects co-infected with HTLV-1 compared to HTLV-1-negative patients. Two hundred thirty-three individuals were included in the analysis of mortality, and among HIV-negative subjects the mortality was 18.6/100 person-years . In HIV-2-positive HTLV-1- negative subjects the mortality was 39.5/100 person-years and in HIV-2/HTLV-1 co-infected patients it was 113.6/100 person-years (adjusted mortality rate ratio 4.7, 95% CI 1.5-14.4; p < 0.01). When all HIV-positive patients were analyzed together, corresponding mortality rates were 53.5/100 person-years and 104.8/100 person-years , respectively (not significant). CONCLUSIONS: HIV/HTLV-1 co-infected patients hospitalized for pulmonary TB had a high mortality and had significantly higher CD4% compared to only HIV-positive subjects. This may imply that HTLV-1 has an adverse effect on the immune system in HIV-infected subjects, independently of the CD4 count, that makes co-infected subjects more vulnerable to TB Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20395161

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HIV/Pathology

Global Health Lessons From HIV and Hepatitis Co-Infection in China

SHERER R. Hepatol.Res. 40 (3), 248-250 ,2010 AD - Professor of Medicine Section of Infectious Diseases and Global Health University of Chicago Chicago IL, USA engLink : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20394673

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HIV/Pathology

Colonization With Staphylococcus Aureus (SA) in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents in Brooklyn, NY

NATHAWAD R., Mendez, H., Cambridge, R., Gesner, M., Desai, N., and Hammerschlag, M. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2864.523 ,2010 Pediatrics, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY; Pediatrics, Kings County Hospital Center, Brooklyn, NY Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Pathology

HIV Subtype A Is Associated With Poorer Neuropsychological Performance Compared to Subtype D in ART-Naïve Ugandan Children

BOIVIN M., Ruel, T., Boal, H., Bangirana, P., and Wong, J. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2870.581 ,2010 Psychiatry & Neurology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI; Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA; Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Psychiatry, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Pathology

Morbidities of Late Preterm Infants Born From 1993-2007 in a Tertiary Care Center

REZAIE K., Bui, K., Barton, L., and Ramanathan, R. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 573 ,2010 Division of Neonatal Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angles, CA Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Pathology

Increased Risk of Myocardial Infarction in HIV-Infected Patients in France, Relative to the General Population

LANG S., Mary-Krause, M., Cotte, L., Gilquin, J., Partisani, M., Simon, A., Boccara, F., Bingham, A., and Costagliola, D. AIDS. 2010 AD - aINSERM U943, France bUPMC Univ-Paris 6, UMR S943, Paris, France cHospice Civil de Lyon, Hotel Dieu, service d'hepatologie, Lyon, France dAPHP, Hopital Necker, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France eHopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Hopital de jour du COREVIH, Strasbourg, France fAPHP, Hopital Pitie- Salpetriere, Service de Medecine Interne I, France gAPHP, Hopital Saint-Antoine, Service de Cardiologie, France hINSERM U970, Paris Cardiovascular Research Center_PARCC, France iUniversite Paris Descartes, UMR S970, France jAPHP, Hopital Pitie-Salpetriere, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales, Paris, France ENG The incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) is lower in France than in English-speaking and northern European countries. We estimated the incidence of MI in the HIV-infected population in France, on the basis of the data from the FHDH-ANRS CO4 cohort, by comparison with the general population. The sex- and age-standardized morbidity ratio was

estimated as 1.5 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-1.7] overall, 1.4 (95% CI 1.3-1.6) in men and 2.7 (95% CI 1.8-3.9) in women Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20400883

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HIV/Pathology

[Diagnosis, Treatment and Prevention of Renal Diseases in HIV Infected Patients. Recommendations of the Spanish AIDS Study Group/National AIDS Plan.]

GUTIERREZ F. and Polo, R. Enferm.Infecc.Microbiol.Clin. 2010 AD - Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario de Elche, Alicante, Espana SPA The incidence of opportunistic infections and tumours in HIV-infected patients has sharply declined in the HAART era. At the same time there has been a growing increase of other diseases not directly linked to immunodeficiency. Renal diseases are an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality among HIV-infected patients. In the general population, chronic renal failure has considerable multiorgan repercussions that have particular implications in patients with HIV infection. The detection of occult or subclinical chronic kidney disease is crucial since effective measures for delaying progression exist. Furthermore, the deterioration in glomerular filtration should prompt clinicians to adjust doses of some antiretroviral agents and other drugs used for treating associated comorbidities. Suppression of viral replication, strict control of blood pressure, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus, and avoidance of nephrotoxic drugs in certain patients are fundamental components of programs aimed to prevent renal damage and delaying progression of chronic kidney disease in patients with HIV. Renal transplantation and dialysis have also special implications in HIV-infected patients. In this article, we summarise the updated clinical practice guidelines for the evaluation, management and prevention of renal diseases in HIV-infected patients from a panel of experts in HIV and nephrologists on behalf of the Spanish AIDS Study Group (GESIDA) and the National AIDS Plan Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20399541

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HIV/Pathology

Seroprevalence Of Common Vaccine-Preventable Viral Infections In Hiv-Positive Adults

MOLTON J., Smith, C., Chaytor, S., Maple, P., Brown, K., Johnson, M., and Geretti, A. M. J.Infect. 2010

AD - Department of Virology ENG OBJECTIVES: Guidelines recommend a proactive approach for offering vaccination to susceptible HIV-infected patients. The size of the HIV-positive population that remains susceptible to vaccine-preventable infections is largely unknown. The study determined serostatus and recalled infection and vaccination history for measles, mumps, rubella, varicella-zoster virus (VZV), hepatitis A, and hepatitis B among HIV-positive adults accessing routine care. METHODS: The study recruited 200 consecutive patients with a median CD4 count of 461 (interquartile range 326, 641) cells/mm(3); 62.5% were on suppressive antiretroviral therapy. Patients underwent serological testing and completed a questionnaire about recalled infection and vaccination history. RESULTS: Seronegativity rates were 7.0% [95% confidence interval 3.9-11.5%] for measles, 12.0% [7.5-16.5%] for mumps, 5.0% [2.4-9.0%] for rubella, 1.5% [0.3-4.3%] for VZV, 19.5% [14.0-25.0%] for hepatitis A, and 22.5% [16.7-28.3%] for hepatitis B. For hepatitis B, seropositivity rates were 6.5% [3.5- 10.9%] for surface antigen, 38.0% [31.3-44.7%] for anti-core antibody, and 33.0% [26.5-39.5%] for anti-surface antibody alone. While patients who recalled a history of infection were generally seropositive, up to 50.5% of patients were unsure of their vaccination history. CONCLUSIONS: A proportion of HIV-positive adults lack evidence of immunity against common, vaccine-preventable viral infections. Efforts are needed to improve knowledge and records of vaccination history Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20403382

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HIV/Pathology

Beta-Chemokine Production by Neural and Glial Progenitor Cells Is Enhanced by HIV-1 Tat: Effects on Microglial Migration

HAHN Y. K., Vo, P., Fitting, S., Block, M. L., Hauser, K. F., and Knapp, P. E. J.Neurochem. 2010 AD - Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298 USA ENG Abstract HIV-1 neuropathology results from collective effects of viral proteins and inflammatory mediators on several cell types. Significant damage is mediated indirectly through inflammatory conditions promulgated by glial cells, including microglia that are productively infected by HIV-1, and astroglia. Neural and glial progenitors exist in both developing and adult brains. To determine whether progenitors are targets of HIV-1, a multiplex assay was performed to assess chemokine/cytokine expression after treatment with viral proteins Tat or gp120. In the initial screen, ten analytes were basally released by murine striatal progenitors. The beta-chemokines CCL5/RANTES, CCL3/MIP-1alpha, and CCL4/MIP-1beta were increased by 12 h exposure to HIV-1 Tat. Secreted factors from Tat- treated progenitors were chemoattractive towards microglia, an effect blocked by 2D7 anti- CCR5 antibody pretreatment. Tat and opiates have interactive effects on astroglial

chemokine secretion, but this interaction did not occur in progenitors. gp120 did not affect chemokine/cytokine release, although both CCR5 and CXCR4, which serve as gp120 co- receptors, were detected in progenitors. We postulate that chemokine production by progenitors may be a normal, adaptive process that encourages immune inspection of newly generated cells. Pathogens such as HIV might usurp this function to create a maladaptive state, especially during development or regeneration, when progenitors are numerous Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20403075

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HIV/Pathology

Memantine for AIDS Dementia Complex: Open-Label Report of ACTG 301

ZHAO Y., Navia, B. A., Marra, C. M., Singer, E. J., Chang, L., Berger, J., Ellis, R. J., Kolson, D. L., Simpson, D., Miller, E. N., Lipton, S. A., Evans, S. R., Schifitto, G., and Adult Aids Clinical Trial Group HIV.Clin.Trials. 11 (1), 59-67 ,2010 AD - Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA ENG Objective: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of memantine use as treatment of HIV-associated cognitive impairment.Background: The results of a 20-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of memantine in HIV-infected participants with cognitive impairment (ACTG 301) were previously reported. We report the results of the up- to-60-week open-label phase following the double-blind phase.Method: Participants received open-label memantine and were escalated to a 40 mg/day dose or their maximum tolerated dose in the double- blind phase. Adverse experiences were used to evaluate safety, and changes in the mean of eight neuropsychological test scores (NPZ-8) were used to evaluate efficacy.Results: Ninety-nine participants entered the initial 12-week openlabel phase and 45 in the additional 48-week extension. Twenty-seven participants reported severe adverse experiences. During the initial 12-week open-label phase, participants randomized to memantine in the double-blind phase had a statistically significant higher improvement in NPZ-8 compared to those randomized to placebo in the double-blind phase. No statistically significant NPZ-8 changes were detected during the 48-week extension.Conclusion: Long- term use of memantine appears safe and tolerable. Future randomized studies with longer follow-up are necessary to establish efficacy of memantine for the treatment of HIV- associated cognitive impairment Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20400412

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HIV/Pathology

HIV-1 and Kidney Cells: Better Understanding of Viral Interaction

MIKULAK J. and Singhal, P. C. Nephron Exp.Nephrol. 115 (2), e15-e21 ,2010 AD - Feinstein Institute for Medical Research and Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New Hyde Park, NY, USA ENG HIV-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) is the most common disease affecting untreated seropositive patients of African descent. Besides genetic (African descent) and HIV-1 infection (environmental), specific host factors such as activation of renin-angiotensin- aldosterone system (RAAS) have also been demonstrated to play a role in the manifestation of HIVAN. The recent identification of MYH9 as susceptible allele is a key step forward in our understanding for the pathogenesis of focal glomerulosclerosis in people of African- American descent. HIV-1 transgenic models have significantly advanced our knowledge base in terms of role of HIV-1 genes in general and individual gene in particular in the development of renal lesions mimicking HIVAN. These studies suggest that viral replication is not needed for the development of renal lesions. Renal biopsy data from HIVAN patients suggest that renal epithelial cells express HIV-1 genes and thus it may be sufficient to invoke HIVAN phenotype in the presence of specific host and genetic factors. On the other hand, immune response to infection may be required to induce HIV-1 associated immune complex kidney disease (HIVICK). Since renal cell lack conventional HIV-1 receptors, HIV-1 entry into renal cells has been a mystery. Recently, non-conventional pathways have been demonstrated to facilitate HIV-1 entry into renal cells in in vitro studies. These include presence of DEC-205 receptors in renal tubular cells and lipid rafts in podocytes. However, HIV-1 entry through these pathways only allows non-productive infection. It appears that the presence of specific genetic and host factors in in vivo conditions may be facilitating the development of the productive HIV-1 infection in kidney cells Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20407278

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HIV/Pathology

Septicaemia in a Population-Based HIV Clinical Cohort in Rural Uganda, 1996-2007: Incidence, Aetiology, Antimicrobial Drug Resistance and Impact of Antiretroviral Therapy

MAYANJA B. N., Todd, J., Hughes, P., Van der, Paal L., Mugisha, J. O., Atuhumuza, E., Tabuga, P., Maher, D., and Grosskurth, H. Trop.Med.Int.Health. 2010 AD - MRC/UVRI Uganda Research Unit on AIDS, Entebbe, Uganda ENG Summary Objectives To describe the incidence and aetiology of septicaemia, and antimicrobial drug resistance in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, and the impact of antiretroviral therapy (ART) on septicaemia. Methods Between 1996 and 2007, we followed up a rural population-based cohort of HIV-infected and uninfected participants. The ------68 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

aetiology and incidence of septicaemia, and antimicrobial drug resistances were determined. ART became available in 2004, and its impact on the incidence of septicaemia was examined. Results The overall septicaemia incidence (per 1000 pyrs) was 32.4 (95% CI 26.2-40.6) but was only 2.6 (95% CI 1.3-6.2) in HIV-negative patients and 67.1 (95% CI 53.4-85.4) in HIV-positive patients not on ART. Among those on ART, the overall incidence was 71.5 (95% CI 47.1- 114.3), although it was 121.4 (95%CI 77.9-200.4) in the first year on ART and 37.4 (95%CI 18.9- 85.2) in the subsequent period. Septicaemia incidence was significantly associated with lower CD4 counts. The commonest isolates were Streptococcus pneumoniae (SPN, n = 68) and Non- typhi salmonellae (NTS, n = 42). Most SPN isolates were susceptible to ceftriaxone and erythromycin, while resistance to cotrimoxazole and penicillin was common. All NTS isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, but resistance to cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol was common. Conclusions Septicaemia incidence was higher in HIV- infected than in HIV-uninfected participants, and it remained high for some time among those who started ART. Starting ART earlier at higher CD4 counts is likely to lead to lower septicaemia incidence. Both SPN and NTS, the commonest isolates, were resistant to most commonly available antimicrobials. Blood culture laboratory surveillance systems to monitor antibiotic susceptibility and inform treatment guidelines are needed in Africa Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20406428

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Recommendations & Policies

Impact of Introducing Human Immunodeficiency Virus Testing, Treatment and Care in a Tuberculosis Clinic in Rural Kenya

HUERGA H., Spillane, H., Guerrero, W., Odongo, A., and Varaine, F. Int.J.Tuberc.Lung Dis. 14 (5), 611-615 ,2010 AD - Medecins Sans Frontieres, Nairobi, Kenya helenahuerga@parismsforg eng SETTING: In July 2005, Medecins Sans Frontieres and the Ministry of Health, Kenya, implemented an integrated tuberculosis-human immunodeficiency virus (TB-HIV) programme in western Kenya. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an integrated TB-HIV programme on patient care and TB programme outcomes. DESIGN: Retrospective evaluation of three time periods: before (January-June 2005), shortly after (January-June 2006) and medium term after (January-December 2007) the implementation of the integrated programme. RESULTS: Respectively 79% and 91% of TB patients were HIV tested shortly and at medium term after service integration. The HIV-positive rate varied from 96% before the intervention to respectively 88% (305/347) and 74% (301/405) after. The estimated number of HIV-positive cases was respectively 303, 323 and 331 in the three periods. The proportion of patients receiving cotrimoxazole prophylaxis increased significantly from 47% (142/303) to 94% (303/323) and 86% (285/331, P < 0.05). Before the intervention, 87% (171/197) of the TB- HIV patients would have been missed when initiating antiretroviral treatment, compared to

respectively 29% (60/210) and 36% (78/215) after the integration. The TB programme success rate increased from 56% (230/409) to 71% (319/447) in the third period (P < 0.05); however, there was no significant decrease in the default rate: 20% to 22% (P = 0.66) and 18% (P = 0.37). CONCLUSION: Integrated TB-HIV care has a very positive impact on the management of TB-HIV patients and on TB treatment outcomes Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20392355

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HIV/Recommendations & Policies

Doubts Remain, Risks Persist: HIV Prevention Knowledge and HIV Testing Among Drug Users in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil

SINGER M., Clair, S., Malta, M., Bastos, F. I., Bertoni, N., and Santelices, C. Subst.Use.Misuse. 2010 AD - Department of Anthropology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA ENG Brazil has been recognized for being the first developing country to provide universal AIDS treatment. Brazil also implemented a comprehensive prevention initiative. These efforts have been successful, with about half the number of HIV/AIDS cases forecast in 1992 developing by 2000 . However, HIV/AIDS continues to spread, including among not-in-treatment drug users. Questions have been raised about gaps in existing prevention efforts. Based on qualitative research in 2006 -2008 with street drug users in Rio de Janeiro (focus groups, N = 24; a pile sort, N = 108; open-ended interviews, N = 34), this paper examines enduring gaps in HIV knowledge and prevailing risk patterns and proposes strategies for strengthening prevention Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20392169

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Senegalese Religious Leaders' Perceptions of HIV/AIDS and Implications for Challenging Stigma and Discrimination

ANSARI D. A. and Gaestel, A. Cult.Health Sex. 1 ,2010 AD - Institute of Social Psychology, The London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK ENG Senegal has been heralded as a model country in the fight against HIV/AIDS because of the low prevalence in the general population and concerted prevention efforts since the start of the epidemic. Despite its success, stigma and discrimination remain a reality for people living with HIV/AIDS as HIV transmission remains linked to lifestyle and perceived morality.

Because religious teaching and the participation of religious leaders in HIV prevention is reported as partially responsible for Senegal's success, the present study seeks to deepen the understanding of their role in psychosocial aspects of care and support of people living with HIV/AIDS. Interviews were conducted with 87 religious leaders. Muslim, Catholic and Protestant leaders differ in their involvement in HIV/AIDS education, their opinions of condom use and their counselling techniques for people living with HIV/AIDS. Most religious leaders in each group believed that addressing the HIV/AIDS epidemic and the reduction of HIV/AIDS-related stigma and discrimination are priorities, yet some leaders still hold beliefs about HIV/AIDS that may ostracise people living with HIV/AIDS. Organisations working to sensitise religious leaders on HIV/AIDS should focus more on the everyday experience of people living with HIV/AIDS, promote the value of condom use, even if solely among married couples, and reinforce religious leaders' roles as spiritual counsellors Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20397082

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Meanings of Sex, Concepts of Risk and Sexual Practices Among Migrant Coal Miners in Quang Ninh, Vietnam

VAN TUAN T. Cult.Health Sex. 1 ,2010 AD - ActionAid Vietnam, Hanoi, Viet Nam ENG The study explores the meanings of sex among migrant coal miners in Vietnam and identifies contextual factors influencing engagement in unsafe sexual practices. Findings reveal that sex carries a number of social meanings in the lives of migrant miners: sex is relaxation and reward for their risk and hard work; access to sex is an incentive for miners to continue working in the mine; sex strengthens identity and social networks; sex helps miners to affirm manhood, group membership and masculinity; and sex workers are confidants with whom they can share their problems. Facing accidents at work on a daily basis, miners are less inclined to worry about the long-term risks of HIV infection. In addition, being excluded from access to relevant information, miners feel distant from HIV infection. Findings suggest that interventions on sexual behaviour and practices should be sensitive to the concepts of risk and meanings of sex among migrant groups such as coal miners Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20397081

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Assessment of Safety and Toxicity Following Maternal Antiretroviral Exposure in Infants Born to HIV-1-Infected Women Enrolled in Antiretroviral Treatment Protocols in Diverse Areas of the World. Six Month Results of AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) Study 5190/Pediatric AIDS Clinical Trials Group (PACTG) 1054

NIELSEN-SAINES K., Komarow, L., Cu-Uvin, S., Jourdain, G., Klingman, K., Shapiro, D., Mofenson, L., Campbell, T., Hitti, J., and Currier, J. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2870.577 ,2010 Pediatrics, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA; SDAC, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brown University, Providence, RI; Pediatrics, Institut de Recherche Pour le Developpement, Chiang Mai, Thailand; NIAID, National Institutes of Health-NIH, Bethesda, MD; Infectious Diseases, University of Colorado, Denver, CO; Obstetrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Internal Medicine, David Geffen UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA Source: Conference (MIS) ------

Relative Efficacy of an HIV Prevention Intervention Among Diverse High-Risk Youth in San Diego, California

BLANCO E., Lindsay, S., Lemus, H., Ojeda, N., and Zuniga, M. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2 ,2010 Pediatrics, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA; Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA; Sociology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA; Medicine, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA Source: Conference (MIS) ------

Pediatricians' Attitudes and Counseling Practices Regarding Neonatal Male Circumcisions

DIEKEMA D., Carlo, W., Zimmerman, E., and O'Conner, K. ,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 4402.145 ,2010 Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Neonatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; Practice, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL; Research, American Academy of Pediatrics, Elk Grove Village, IL Source: Conference (MIS) ------

Men's Labor Migration and Women's Informal Communication on HIV/AIDS in Mozambique

AGADJANIAN V. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 Arizona State University Source: Conference (MIS) ------

Women Who Know: The Relationship Between Risk and HIV Testing

HOWDEN L. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 Texas A&M University Source: Conference (MIS) ------

Circumcision, Information, and HIV Prevention

THORNTON R., Munthali, A., and Godlonton, S. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 University of Michigan Source: Conference (MIS) ------

Best Practices in Global STI/HIV Prevention

KIMUNA S. and Burke, S. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 East Carolina University Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/AIDS in the Slums Of Nairobi: The Capacity of the Private Health Sector to Respond to the High Disease Burden

MGOMELLA G., Ekirapa, A., and Kyobutungi, C. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC) Source: Conference (MIS) ------73 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

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The Context of Condom Use Among Young Adults in the Philippines: Implications for HIV Risk Prevention

LUCEA M., Rose, L., and Kub, J. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 Johns Hopkins University Source: Conference (MIS) ------

Addressing Comprehensive Knowledge As a Strategy to Mitigate HIV Related Risk Behavior Among Young Men in India

PANDEY V. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) Source: Conference (MIS) ------

Media Exposure on Condom Use Among Adolescents Age 12 - 19 in Ghana: Application of the TPB Model

ACOSTA P. and Belue, R. ,Dallas, TX; USA ,2010 Pennsylvania State University Source: Conference (MIS) ------

Formative Work Towards Utilization of Networks to Build Upon Existing Hiv Prevention Programs for High Risk Men in India

SCHNEIDER J., Kumar, P., Laumann, E., Yeldandi, V., Dandona, L., and Mayer, K. ,Washington, DC; USA, A-040 ,2010 1) University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; 2) Public Health Foundation of India, Hyderabad, India; 3) Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; 4) SHARE-India, Hyderabad, India Source: Conference (MIS) ------

Information and Communication: a Library's Local Response to HIV/AIDS in Zambia

KANYENGO C. W. Health Info.Libr.J. 27 (1), 57-65 ,2010 AD - University of Zambia Library, Lusaka, Zambia ckanyengo@yahoocom eng OBJECTIVE: To document and describe the University of Zambia Medical library's responses to the fight against HIV/AIDS in Zambia. METHODS: The methodology adopted was a case study approach combined with an analysis of the literature such as annual reports and official documents. This was augmented by personal reflections of the author having worked at the Medical Library. RESULTS: The University of Zambia Medical library has over the years instituted and implemented HIV/AIDS information provision programmes that include the provision of information in various formats -- print or electronic and, in addition, capacity building in HIV/AIDS information literacy skills. CONCLUSION: A library's social responsibility calls for it to be part of national responses to crises that arise in society. As HIV/AIDS has affected every aspect of Zambian society prevention, treatment, care and support there is an understanding that the library's role should be using the critical and strategic resource at its disposal - information -- as part of their contribution to the fight against HIV/AIDS. In this context, libraries should source, collect, organize and disseminate information on HIV/AIDS in a way that is easily accessible to researchers, HIV/AIDS programme implementation agencies and the ordinary public Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20402805

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Findings in Humanized-Mouse Model Suggest Benefit of Further Studies in HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis

Expert.Rev.Clin.Immunol. 6 (2), 186 ,2010 engLink : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20402380

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Therapy, others

Associations With Virologic Treatment Failure in Adults on Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa

DATAY M. I., Boulle, A., Mant, D., and Yudkin, P. J.Acquir.Immune.Defic.Syndr. 2010 AD - From the *Department of Primary Health Care, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; and daggerSchool of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa ENG OBJECTIVES:: Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has been available in government facilities in the Western Cape Province of South Africa since 2001. We aimed to investigate factors associated with virologic treatment failure in this setting. DESIGN:: Case- control study, matched on facility and on starting date and duration of HAART. METHODS:: Cases and controls were identified from clinic registers from May 2001 to June 2006. Cases were patients who switched to second-line therapy after confirmed virologic failure (2 consecutive viral loads above 1000 copies/mL). Controls were on first-line treatment with viral load <400 copies per milliliter at the time of case incidence. RESULTS:: One hundred thirty cases and 238 controls were selected from 8 clinics (median 16.6 months on HAART, interquartile range: 12.2-24.6). Treatment interruptions [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 8.6, 95% confidence interval: 3.6 to 20.8], prior nevirapine-based prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) treatment (AOR: 9.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.9 to 32.2), a baseline CD4 count less than 50 cells per microliter or from 50-150 cells per microliter (AOR: 6.6, 95% confidence interval: 2.3 to 18.8 and AOR: 5.8, 95% confidence interval: 2.1 to 16.3 compared with a baseline CD4 count of more than 150 cells/muL), and the use of nevirapine in the initial regimen (AOR: 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.4 to 4.7) were all independently associated with virologic treatment failure. CONCLUSIONS:: In this setting, nevirapine in the initial HAART regimen or for PMTCT treatment is associated with virologic treatment failure, together with low CD4 count at ART initiation. Earlier initiation of HAART and access to improved triple therapy and PMTCT regimens are priorities for HIV programs in Southern Africa Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20395870

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HIV/Therapy, others

Is It Time to Treat HIV Elite Controllers With Combined Antiretroviral Therapy?

TORRE D. Clin.Infect.Dis. 50 (10), 1425-1426 ,2010

engLink : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20397932

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Vaccines, clinical

Heterologous Prime-Boost HIV-1 Vaccination Regimens in Pre- Clinical and Clinical Trials

BROWN S. A., Surman, S. L., Sealy, R., Jones, B. G., Slobod, K. S., Branum, K., Lockey, T. D., Howlett, N., Freiden, P., Flynn, P., and Hurwitz, J. L. Viruses. 2 (2), 435-467 ,2010 AD - Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, 262 Danny Thomas Place, Memphis, TN, USA; scottbrown@stjudeorg ENG Currently, there are more than 30 million people infected with HIV-1 and thousands more are infected each day. Vaccination is the single most effective mechanism for prevention of viral disease, and after more than 25 years of research, one vaccine has shown somewhat encouraging results in an advanced clinical efficacy trial. A modified intent-to-treat analysis of trial results showed that infection was approximately 30% lower in the vaccine group compared to the placebo group. The vaccine was administered using a heterologous prime- boost regimen in which both target antigens and delivery vehicles were changed during the course of inoculations. Here we examine the complexity of heterologous prime-boost immunizations. We show that the use of different delivery vehicles in prime and boost inoculations can help to avert the inhibitory effects caused by vector-specific immune responses. We also show that the introduction of new antigens into boost inoculations can be advantageous, demonstrating that the effect of ;original antigenic sin' is not absolute. Pre- clinical and clinical studies are reviewed, including our own work with a three-vector vaccination regimen using recombinant DNA, virus (Sendai virus or vaccinia virus) and protein. Promising preliminary results suggest that the heterologous prime-boost strategy may possibly provide a foundation for the future prevention of HIV-1 infections in humans Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20407589

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Vaccines, research

Antibody-Mediated Protection Against Mucosal SHIV Challenge of Macaques Immunized With Alphavirus Replicon Particles and Boosted With Trimeric Envelope Glycoprotein in MF59 Adjuvant

BARNETT S. W., Burke, B., Sun, Y., Kan, E., Legg, H., Lian, Y., Bost, K., Zhou, F., Goodsell, A., Zur, Megede J., Polo, J., Donnelly, J., Ulmer, J., Otten, G. R., Miller, C. J., Vajdy, M., and Srivastava, I. K. J.Virol. 2010 AD - Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, 350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139; California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA ENG We have previously shown that rhesus macaques were partially protected against high dose intravenous challenge with SHIVSF162P4 following sequential immunization with chimeric recombinant VEE/SIN alphavirus replicon particles (VRP) encoding HIV-1SF162 gp140DeltaV2 envelope (Env) and trimeric Env protein in MF59 adjuvant (Xu, R., I. K. Srivastava, C. E. Greer, I. Zarkikh, Z. Kraft, L. Kuller, J. M. Polo, S. W. Barnett, and L. Stamatatos. 2006. AIDS Res. Human Retro. 22:1022-1030). The protection did not require T cell immune responses directed toward SIV Gag. We extend those findings here to demonstrate antibody-mediated protection against mucosal challenge in macaques using prime-boost regimens incorporating both intramuscular and mucosal routes of delivery. Vaccination groups were primed with VRP followed by boosting with Env protein in MF59 adjuvant, or given VRP intramuscular immunizations alone followed by intrarectal challenge with SHIVSF162P4. Results demonstrated that these vaccines were able to effectively protect, in varying degrees, against subsequent mucosal SHIV challenge, but most noteworthy, all macaques that received the intramuscular VRP prime plus Env protein boost were completely protected. A statistically significant association was observed between the titer of virus neutralizing and binding antibodies as well as the avidity of anti-Env antibodies measured pre-challenge and protection from infection. These results highlight the merit of the alphavirus replicon vector prime plus Env protein boost vaccine approach for the induction of protective antibody responses and are of particular relevance to advancing our understanding of the potential correlates of immune protection against HIV infection at a relevant mucosal portal of entry Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20392857

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HIV/Vaccines, research

Selection of a Rare Neutralization-Resistant Variant Following Passive Transfer of Convalescent Immune Plasma in EIAV- Challenged SCID Horses

TAYLOR S. D., Leib, S. R., Carpenter, S., and Mealey, R. H. J.Virol. 2010 AD - Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-7040; Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011 ENG Vaccines preventing HIV-1 infection will likely elicit antibodies that neutralize diverse strains. However, the capacity for lentiviruses to escape broadly neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) is not completely understood, nor is it known whether nAbs alone can control heterologous infection. Here, we determined that convalescent immune plasma from a horse persistently infected with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV) neutralized homologous virus and several envelope variants containing heterologous principal neutralizing domains (PND). Plasma was infused into young horses (foals) affected with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), followed by challenge with a homologous EIAV stock. Treated SCID foals were protected against clinical disease, with complete prevention of infection occurring in one foal. In three SCID foals, a novel neutralization-resistant variant arose that was found to pre-exist at a low frequency in the challenge inoculum. In contrast, SCID foals infused with non-immune plasma developed acute disease associated with high levels of the predominant challenge virus. Following transfer to an immunocompetent horse, the neutralization-resistant variant induced a single febrile episode and was subsequently controlled in the absence of type-specific nAb. Long term control was associated with the presence of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). Our results demonstrate that immune plasma with neutralizing activity against heterologous PND variants can prevent lentivirus infection and clinical disease in the complete absence of T cells. Importantly however, rare neutralization-resistant envelope variants can replicate in vivo under relatively broad selection pressure, highlighting the need for protective lentivirus vaccines to elicit nAb responses with increased breadth and potency and/or CTL that target conserved epitopes Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20392850

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Increased Sensitivity of HIV Variants Selected by Attachment Inhibitors to Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies

ZHOU N., Fan, L., Ho, H. T., Nowicka-Sans, B., Sun, Y., Zhu, Y., Hu, Y., McAuliffe, B., Rose, B., Fang, H., Wang, T., Kadow, J., Krystal, M., Alexander, L., Colonno, R., and Lin, P. F. Virology. 2010

AD - Department of Virology, 5 Department of Research Parkway, Wallingford, CT 06498, USA ENG Treatment with HIV attachment inhibitors (AIs) can select for escape mutants throughout the viral envelope. We report on three such mutations: F423Y (gp120 CD4 binding pocket) and I595F and K655E (gp41 ectodomain). Each displayed decreased sensitivity to the AI BMS- 488043 and earlier generation AIs, along with increased sensitivity to the broadly neutralizing antibodies 2F5 and 4E10, without affecting the rate of viral entry or sensitivity to the entry inhibitors AMD-3100 and Enfuvirtide. We also observed that I595F did not substantially increase envelope sensitivity to HIV-infected patient sera. Based on these observations, we propose that although F423Y, I595F and K655E may all affect the presentation of the 2F5 and 4E10 epitopes, natural immune mimicry is rare only for the I595F effect. Thus, it seems that in addition to restricting AI resistance development, incorporation of I595F into an appropriate vehicle could elicit a novel antiviral response to improve vaccine efficacy Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20400170

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Virology

Mannose-Rich Glycosylation Patterns on HIV-1 Subtype C Gp120 and Sensitivity to the Lectins, Griffithsin, Cyanovirin-N and Scytovirin

ALEXANDRE K. B., Gray, E. S., Lambson, B. E., Moore, P. L., Choge, I. A., Mlisana, K., Karim, S. S., McMahon, J., O'Keefe, B., Chikwamba, R., and Morris, L. Virology. 2010 AD - National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa ENG Griffithsin (GRFT), Cyanovirin-N (CV-N) and Scytovirin (SVN) are lectins that inhibit HIV-1 infection by binding to multiple mannose-rich glycans on the HIV-1 envelope glycoproteins (Env). Here we show that these lectins neutralize subtype C primary virus isolates in addition to Env-pseudotyped viruses obtained from plasma and cervical vaginal lavages. Among 15 subtype C pseudoviruses, the median IC(50) values were 0.4, 1.8 and 20.1nM for GRFT, CV-N and SVN, respectively, similar to what was found for subtype B and A. Analysis of Env sequences suggested that concomitant lack of glycans at positions 234 and 295 resulted in natural resistance to these compounds, which was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis. Furthermore, the binding sites for these lectins overlapped that of the 2G12 monoclonal antibody epitope, which is generally absent on subtype C Env. This data support further research on these lectins as potential microbicides in the context of HIV-1 subtype C infection

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HIV/Virology

Prevalence of Transmitted Drug Resistance Associated Mutations and HIV-1 Subtypes in New HIV-1 Diagnoses, U.S.-2006

WHEELER W. H., Ziebell, R. A., Zabina, H., Pieniazek, D., Prejean, J., Bodnar, U. R., Mahle, K. C., Heneine, W., Johnson, J. A., and Hall, H. I. AIDS. 2010 AD - aDivision of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV, Viral Hepatitis, STD and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA bThe Ginn Group Inc, Peachtree City, USA cBusiness Computer Applications, Atlanta, Georgia, USA dUnited States Department of Health and Human Services, Washington, DC, USA *The members of the Variant, Atypical, and Resistant HIV Surveillance are listed in the Acknowledgements ENG OBJECTIVE:: To determine the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes and the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance-associated mutations (TDRM) among persons newly diagnosed with HIV-1 infection in the United States. METHODS:: We used sequence data from Variant, Atypical, and Resistant HIV Surveillance (VARHS) collected from newly diagnosed persons in 10 states and 1 county health department in 2006. To evaluate TDRM, we used a mutation list for surveillance of TDRM appropriate for the primarily subtype B HIV epidemic in the United States. RESULTS:: Sequences were obtained from 2030 of 10 860 persons newly diagnosed with HIV in 11 surveillance areas. Mutations associated with transmitted drug resistance occurred in 292 (14.6%) persons; TDRM associated with a specific drug class occurred in 156 (7.8%) for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, 111 (5.6%) for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and 90 (4.5%) for protease inhibitors. There were no significant differences in prevalence of TDRM by demographic characteristic. The HIV-1 subtype B was the most prevalent subtype occurring in 1922 (96.2%) persons; subtype C (1.3%) was the most prevalent non-B subtype. CONCLUSION:: We presented a clade B- optimized mutation list for evaluating surveillance of TDRM in the United States and analyzed the largest collection of sequence data obtained from individuals newly diagnosed with HIV. The prevalence of TDRM in persons newly diagnosed with HIV is higher than in previous U.S. studies; however, this is not necessarily a significant trend. Continued reporting of sequence data for public health purposes from all sources will improve representativeness and accuracy in analyzing trends in transmitted drug resistance and genetic diversity Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20395786

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HIV/Virology

Simultaneous Detection of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type-1 Drug Resistant Minority Genotypes by a Multiplex Oligonucleotide Ligation Assay

ELLIS N., Vaz, L., Koth, A., and Frenkel, L. ------82 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

,Vancouver, BC; Canada, 2870.573 ,2010 Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA; Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA; University of Washington, Seattle, WA Source: Conference (MIS) ------

HIV/Virology

HIV Classification Using Coalescent Theory

BULLA I., Schultz, A. K., Schreiber, F., Zhang, M., Leitner, T., Korber, B., Morgenstern, B., and Stanke, M. Bioinformatics. 2010 AD - Abteilung Bioinformatik, Institut fur Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Georg-August- Universitat Gattingen, Goldschmidtstr 1, 37077 Gattingen, Germany ENG MOTIVATION: Existing coalescent models and phylogenetic tools based on them are not designed for studying the genealogy of sequences like those of HIV since in HIV recombinants with multiple cross-over points between the parental strains frequently arise. Hence, ambiguous cases in the classification of HIV sequences into subtypes and Circulating Recombinant Forms (CRFs) have been treated with ad hoc methods in lack of tools based on a comprehensive coalescent model accounting for complex recombination patterns. RESULTS: We developed the program ARGUS that scores classifications of sequences into subtypes and recombinant forms. It reconstructs Ancestral Recombination Graphs (ARGs) that reflect the genealogy of the input sequences given a classification hypothesis. An ARG with maximal probability is approximated using a Markov Chain Monte Carlo approach. ARGUS was able to distinguish the correct classification with a low error rate from plausible alternative classifications in simulation studies with realistic parameters. We applied our algorithm to decide between two recently debated alternatives in the classification of CRF02 of HIV-1 and find that CRF02 is indeed a recombinant of subtypes A and G. AVAILABILITY: ARGUS is implemented in C++ and the source code is available at http://gobics.de/software. CONTACT: [email protected] SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Details of the algorithm and its testing are described in the online supplementary material Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20400454

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HIV/Virology

Characterization and Frequency of a Newly Identified HIV-1 BF1 Intersubtype Circulating Recombinant Form in Sao Paulo, Brazil

SANABANI S. S., Pastena, E. R., Neto, W. K., Martinez, V. P., and Sabino, E. C. Virol.J. 7 (1), 74 ,2010 ENG ------83 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: HIV circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) play an important role in the global and regional HIV epidemics, particularly in regions where multiple subtypes are circulating. To date, several (>40) CRFs are recognized worldwide with five currently circulating in Brazil. Here, we report the characterization of near full-length genome sequences (NFLG) of six phylogenetically related HIV-1 BF1 intersubtype recombinants (five from this study and one from other published sequences) representing CRF46_BF1. METHODS: Initially, we selected 36 samples from 888 adult patients residing in Sao Paulo who had previously been diagnosed as being infected with subclade F1 based on pol subgenomic fragment sequencing. Proviral DNA integrated in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was amplified from the purified genomic DNA of all 36-blood samples by five overlapping PCR fragments followed by direct sequencing. Sequence data were obtained from the five fragments that showed identical genomic structure and phylogenetic trees were constructed and compared with previously published sequences. Genuine subclade F1 sequences and any other sequences that exhibited unique mosaic structures were omitted from further analysis. RESULTS: Of the 36 samples analyzed, only six sequences, inferred from the pol region as subclade F1, displayed BF1 identical mosaic genomes with a single intersubtype breakpoint identified at the nef-U3 overlap (HXB2 position 9347-9365; LTR region). Five of these isolates formed a rigid cluster in phylogentic trees from different subclade F1 fragment regions, which we can now designate as CRF46_BF1. According to our estimate, the new CRF accounts for 0.56% of the HIV-1 circulating strains in Sao Paulo. Comparison with previously published sequences revealed an additional five isolates that share an identical mosaic structure with those reported in our study. Despite sharing a similar recombinant structure, only one sequence appeared to originate from the same CRF46_BF1 ancestor. CONCLUSION: We identified a new circulating recombinant form with a single intersubtype breakpoint identified at the nef-LTR U3 overlap and designated CRF46_BF1.Given the biological importance of the LTR U3 region, intersubtype recombination in this region could play an important role in HIV evolution with critical consequences for the development of efficient genetic vaccines Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20398371

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HIV/Virology

[The Results of a Study of HIV-1 Resistance in the Area of Yamal and the Comparison of the Frequency of Mutations With Different Score Values]

Klin.Lab Diagn. (2), 43-46 ,2010 rus The amino acid sequence of the known strain HXB-2 belonging to subtype B is used as a reference strain matrix to determine HIV genotypic resistance by the sequencing technique. However, numerous studies have ascertained that HIV non-B subtypes have been widely accepted in Russia. The authors' data show that the significance of low score mutations in the

Russian populations of HIV-1 is yet to be explained, unquestionably, arouses great scientific interest, and calls for further study Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20397579

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HIV/Virology

HIV-1 Subtype C-Infected Individuals Maintaining High Viral Load As Potential Targets for the "Test-and-Treat" Approach to Reduce HIV Transmission

NOVITSKY V., Wang, R., Bussmann, H., Lockman, S., Baum, M., Shapiro, R., Thior, I., Wester, C., Wester, C. W., Ogwu, A., Asmelash, A., Musonda, R., Campa, A., Moyo, S., van, Widenfelt E., Mine, M., Moffat, C., Mmalane, M., Makhema, J., Marlink, R., Gilbert, P., Seage, G. R., III, DeGruttola, V., and Essex, M. PLoS.One. 5 (4), e10148 ,2010 AD - Harvard School of Public Health AIDS Initiative, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America eng

The first aim of the study is to assess the distribution of HIV-1 RNA levels in subtype C infection. Among 4,348 drug-naive HIV-positive individuals participating in clinical studies in Botswana, the median baseline plasma HIV-1 RNA levels differed between the general population cohorts (4.1-4.2 log(10)) and cART-initiating cohorts (5.1-5.3 log(10)) by about one log(10). The proportion of individuals with high (> or = 50,000 (4.7 log(10)) copies/ml) HIV-1 RNA levels ranged from 24%-28% in the general HIV-positive population cohorts to 65%- 83% in cART-initiating cohorts. The second aim is to estimate the proportion of individuals who maintain high HIV-1 RNA levels for an extended time and the duration of this period. For this analysis, we estimate the proportion of individuals who could be identified by repeated 6- vs. 12-month-interval HIV testing, as well as the potential reduction of HIV transmission time that can be achieved by testing and ARV treating. Longitudinal analysis of 42 seroconverters revealed that 33% (95% CI: 20%-50%) of individuals maintain high HIV-1 RNA levels for at least 180 days post seroconversion (p/s) and the median duration of high viral load period was 350 (269; 428) days p/s. We found that it would be possible to identify all HIV-infected individuals with viral load > or = 50,000 (4.7 log(10)) copies/ml using repeated six-month-interval HIV testing. Assuming individuals with high viral load initiate cART after being identified, the period of high transmissibility due to high viral load can potentially be reduced by 77% (95% CI: 71%-82%). Therefore, if HIV-infected individuals maintaining high levels of plasma HIV-1 RNA for extended period of time contribute disproportionally to HIV transmission, a modified "test-and-treat" strategy targeting such individuals by repeated HIV testing (followed by initiation of cART) might be a useful public health strategy for mitigating the HIV epidemic in some communities

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HIV/Virology

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Protease Codon 36 Polymorphisms and the Differential Development of Resistance to Nelfinavir, Lopinavir and Atazanavir in Different HIV-1 Subtypes

LISOVSKY I., Schader, S. M., Martinez-Cajas, J. L., Oliveira, M., Moisi, D., and Wainberg, M. A. Antimicrob.Agents Chemother. 2010 AD - McGill University AIDS Centre, Lady Davis Institute, Jewish General Hospital, Montreal QC, Canada; Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montreal QC, Canada; Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston ON, Canada ENG Amino acid 36 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease differs among various viral subtypes in that methionine is usually found in subtype B viruses but isoleucine is common in other subtypes. This polymorphism is associated with higher rates of treatment failure involving protease inhibitors (PIs) in non-subtype B infected patients. To investigate this, we generated genetically homogeneous wild-type viruses from subtype B, C and CRF02_AG full-length molecular clones and showed that subtype C and CRF02_AG I36 viruses exhibited higher levels of resistance to various PIs relative to their respective M36 counterparts, while the opposite was observed for subtype B viruses. Selections for resistance with each variant were performed with Nelfinavir (NFV), Lopinavir (LPV) and Atazanavir (ATV). Sequence analysis of the protease gene at week 35 revealed that the major NFV resistance mutation D30N emerged in NFV-selected subtype B and in I36 subtype C viruses despite polymorphic variation. A unique mutational pattern developed in subtype C M36 viruses selected with NFV or ATV. The presence of I47A in LPV-selected I36 CRF02_AG conferred higher level resistance than L76V in LPV-selected M36 CRF02_AG. Phenotypic analysis revealed a >1000-fold increase in NFV resistance in I36 subtype C NFV-selected virus with no apparent impact on viral replication capacity. Thus, the position 36 polymorphism in PR appears to have a differential effect on both drug susceptibility and viral replication capacity depending on both viral subtype and the drug being evaluated Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20404123

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HIV/Virology

The HIV-1 Matrix Protein P17 Activates the Transcription Factors C- Myc and CREB in Human B Cells

LI S., Bozzo, L., Wu, Z., Lu, W., and Romerio, F. New Microbiol. 33 (1), 13-24 ,2010

AD - Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore 21201, USA eng The human immunodeficiency virus matrix protein p17 plays a critical role in many steps of the virus life cycle. In addition, p17 displays biological activities outside infected cells. Indeed, virus-neutralizing antibodies against p17 in plasma of infected patients correlate with slower disease progression, and p17 has been shown to interact with an as yet unidentified cell surface receptor expressed on peripheral blood B cells. The present study investigated intracellular signaling pathways triggered following this interaction. Using protein/DNA arrays, we show that p17 increases phosphorylation and the DNA-binding activity of CREB and c-Myc through the time- and dose-dependent activation of the cAMP/PKA and MEK/ERK signaling pathways. Interestingly, we found that both signaling pathways are synergistically activated upon co-stimulation through the CD19 receptor. As both CREB and c-Myc are involved in the regulation of cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival, our findings might suggest a potential mechanism of B cell lymphomagenesis during HIV-1 infection Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20402410

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HIV/Virology

HIV-1 Subtype C Transmission Network: The Phylogenetic Reconstruction Strongly Supports the Epidemiological Data

BON I., Ciccozzi, M., Zehender, G., Biagetti, C., Verrucchi, G., Lai, A., Presti, A. L., Gibellini, D., and Re, M. C. J.Clin.Virol. 2010 AD - Microbiology Section of the Department of Haematology and Oncologic Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti, 9-40138 Bologna, Italy ENG The sequence and times of the transmission events was reported after a hospital accident by a phylodynamic reconstruction of transmission network among four subjects. The dated tree allowed to date the transmission events with good approximation, the time point and direction of each transmission, estimated on the basis of the phylogeny, and agreed with the presumptive time of infection on the basis of clinical history-taking Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20400369

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HIV/Virology

[Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Type 1 With R5 Tropism Among HIV-1 Antiretroviral-Experienced Patients in Spain.]

ARRIBAS J. R., Rivero, A., Leal, M., and Sanchez-de la, Rosa R. Enferm.Infecc.Microbiol.Clin. 2010 AD - Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Espana SPALink : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20400209

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HIV/Virology

[The Results of a Study of HIV-1 Resistance in the Area of Yamal and the Comparison of the Frequency of Mutations With Different Score Values]

Klin.Lab Diagn. (2), 43-46 ,2010 rus The amino acid sequence of the known strain HXB-2 belonging to subtype B is used as a reference strain matrix to determine HIV genotypic resistance by the sequencing technique. However, numerous studies have ascertained that HIV non-B subtypes have been widely accepted in Russia. The authors' data show that the significance of low score mutations in the Russian populations of HIV-1 is yet to be explained, unquestionably, arouses great scientific interest, and calls for further study Link : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Citation&list_uids=20397579

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Selected from Recent Conferences (Source: MIS)

Microbicides

Development and In Vitro Evaluation of Gel-Formulated Saquinavir As Vaginal Microbicide: Anti-HIV-1 Activity and Phar-Maceutical Availability in Biorelevant Media VERMEIRE K., Brouwers, J., Augustijns, P., and Schols, D. ,San Francisco, CA; USA, 106 ,2010 1) Rega Institute for Medical Research, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; 2) Laboratory for Pharmacotechnology and Biopharmacy, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ------

Diagnosis

The Roche CAP/CTM V2.0 and the Abbott ReaITime HIV-1 Assays Perform Equally for Quantification of Viral Load in HIV-1 B and Non-B Subtypes DEVAUX C., Karasi, J., Dziezuk, F., Quennety, L., Thamke, D., Münch-Garthoff, S., Kirpach, P., Hemmer, R., Stockinget, H., and Schmit, J. ,Sorrento; Italy, 40 ,2010 1) CRP-Santé, Retrovirology Laboratory, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; 2) Centre Hospitalier de Luxembourg, Microbiology Laboratory, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; 3) Roche Diagnostics Ltd, Roche Molecular Diagnostics Development, Rotkreuz, Switzerland; 4) Roche Diagnostics Ltd, Marketing, Mannheim, Germany ------

Epidemiology

Trends in HIV-1 Epidemic Among MSM in Israel GROSSMAN Z., Riesenberg, K., Chowers, M., Pollack, S., Kra-Oz, Z., Maayan, S., Mor, Z., Elbirt, D., Sthoeger, Z., Ram, D., Rudich, H., Leshem, E., and Levy, I. ,Sorrento; Italy, 75 ,2010 1) Sheba Medical Center and Tel Aviv University, National HIV Reference Lab Central Virology PHL and School of public Health, Tel Aviv, Israel; 2) Soroka Medical Center, Infectious Diseases, Beer-Sheva, Israel; 3) Meir Medical Center, Infectious Diseases, Kfar- Saba, Israel; 4) Rambam Medical Center, Immunology, Haifa, Israel; 5) Rambam Medical Center, Virology, Haifa, Israel; 6) Hadassah Medical Center, Infectious Diseases, Jerusalem, Israel; 7) Ministry of Health, Tuberculosis and AIDS, Jerusalem, Israel; 8) Kaplan Medical Center, Neve-Or, Rehovot, Israel; 9) Sheba Medical Center, National HIV Reference Lab PHL MOH, Ramat Gan, Israel; 10) Sheba Medical Center, Infectious Diseases, Ramat Gan, Israel ------

HIV/Epidemiology

Mother to Child Transmission of Hiv Infected Pregnant Women From 2000 to 2007 in Catalonia (Spain): the Nenexp Project FRICK A., Carnicer-Pont, D., Noguera, A., Murtra-Garrell, N., Masip, J., and Nenexp Study Group ,Nice; France ,2010 1) Barcelona; 2) Badalona; 3) Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain ------

Health economics

Raltegravir - Could a Lower Dose Improve Access for People With HIV in Developing Countries? HILL A. and Calmy, A. ,Sorrento; Italy, 54 ,2010 1) University of Liverpool, Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Liverpool, United Kingdom; 2) Medecins Sans Frontieres, Treatment Access Campaign, Geneva, Switzerland ------

Immunology

Discordant Immunodominant Patterns of HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells Defined by Cytokine Production or Proliferative Capacity in HIV Elite Controllers NDHLOVU Z., Proudfoot, J., Kaufmann, D., and Walker, B. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 39.4 ,2010 Infectious diseases, Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Charlestown, MA, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

Discordant Immunodominant Patterns of HIV-Specific CD8 T Cells Defined by Cytokine Production or Proliferative Capacity in HIV Elite Controllers NDHLOVU Z., Proudfoot, J., Kaufmann, D., and Walker, B. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 319 ,2010 Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Charlestown MA 02129, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

CTL-Escape Nef Variants Influence CCR5 Down-Regulation and HIV Superinfection Susceptibility MWIMANZI P., Takiguchi, M., and Ueno, T. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 316 ,2010 Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan ------

HIV/Immunology

Genetic Testing for HLA-B*5701 in HIV-Infected Patients: Candidates for Abacavir Therapy NARDI G., Massi, L., Onorina, Paci O., Grazioli, M., and Gaspari, P. ,Florence; Italy, P291 ,2010 ------91 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

Ospedale Mazzoni, Ascoli Piceno, Italy ------

HIV/Immunology

Investigating Pro-and Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels in Patients With Advanced HIV-1 Infection, Characterised by the Presence of Opportunistic Infections OSAKWE C., Bleotu, C., Chifiriuc, M., Otelea, D., Paraschiv, S., Dragiceanou, R., Strainu- Cercel, A., and Lazar, V. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 368 ,2010 1) University of Bucharest, Faculty of Biology; 2) Institute of Virology, S. Nicolau; 3) National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Prof. Matei Bals ------

HIV/Immunology

Susceptibility of Cells From the Female Upper Reproductive Tract to Infection by Transmitted/Founder HIV-1 OCHSENBAUER C., Gosh, M., Fahey, J., Zheng, Shen, Patel, M., Ochiel, D., Haitao, Ding, Spurgin, J., Smith, K., Kappes, J., and Wira, C. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 323 ,2010 1) University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; 2) Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Secretion of MHC Class I Chain-Related Protein A in Chronic HIV-1 Infection Leads to Impaired Control of HIV-1 Replication NOLTING A., Luteijn, R., Dugast, A., Carrington, M., Rihn, S., Kane, K., Jost, S., Toth, I., Faetkenheuer, G., Hartmann, P., Altfeld, M., and Alter, G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 321 ,2010 1) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard (formerly Partners AIDS Research Center) and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Division of AIDS, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; 2) Infectious Diseases Department of the University Hospital of Cologne, Germany ------

HIV/Immunology

How Does Neutralization Breadth Develop in HIV Infection? MORRIS L., Gray, E., Moore, P., Madiga, M., Mlisana, K., and Salim, Abdool Karim ,Banff, AB; Canada, 013 ,2010 National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Sandringham, Johannesburg, South Africa; CAPRISA, University of KwaZulu Natal, Durban, South Africa ------

HIV/Immunology

Regulatory T Cells Control HIV Replication in Activated T Cells Through Contact-Dependent and Independent Pathways MORENO-FERNANDEZ M., Rueda, C., and Chougnet, C. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 326 ,2010 1) Cincinnati Children's Hospital, OH, USA; 2) Grupo Inmunovirologia, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia ------

HIV/Immunology

A Large-Scale Analysis of Immunoglobulin Sequences Derived From Plasmablasts/Plasma Cells in Acute HIV-1 Infection Subjects MUNSHAW S., Liao, H., Dixon, A., Xi, Chen, Derosa, K., Nagel, A., Parks, R., Whitesides, J., Marshall, D., Amos, J., Yi, Yang, Feng, Gao, Tomaras, G., Moody, A., Kelsoe, G., Shea, T., Margolis, D., Markowitz, M., Goepfert, P., Shaw, G., Haynes, B., and Kepler, T. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 315 ,2010 1) Center for Computational Immunology, Duke University; 2) Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University Medical Center, Durham; 3) University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC; 4) Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center, Rockefeller University, New York, NY; 5) University of Alabama, Birmingham AL ------

HIV/Immunology

Myeloid Dendritic Cells During the Chronic Stage of HIV Infection Upregulate LPS-Responsive Genes MURRAY S., Goulet, J., Filali, A., and Munford, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 368 ,2010 Elias Haddad Rafick-Pierre Sekaly and Daniel Douek ------

HIV/Immunology

The Cross-Reactive Capacity of HIV-Specific CTLs Towards HIV Variant Antigens Is Dependent on Their Cognate Peptides MOTOZONO C., Takiguchi, M., and Ueno, T. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 312 ,2010 Division of Viral Immunology, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan ------

HIV/Immunology

Combined Blockade of the PD-1 and IL-10 Pathways Synergistically Enhance HIV-Specific CD4 T Cell Functions PORICHIS F., Kwon, D., Tighe, D., Pavlik, D., Zupkosky, J., McMullen, A., Kavanagh, D., Freeman, G., Walker, B., and Kaufmann, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 339 ,2010 1) PartnersAIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General, Boston, MA 02114; 2) Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

IL-16 DCs Loaded With Complement-Opsonised HIV Efficiently Induce Expansion of Naive CD8+T Cells POSCH W., Dierich, M., and Wilflingseder, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 355 ,2010 Dept. of Hygiene, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria ------

HIV/Immunology

FCGR Genetics in HIV Disease POONIA B. and Pauza, D. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 88.21 ,2010 IHV, Baltimore, MD, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

Changes in Host Microrna Expression in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells Following HIV-1 Infection PICHULIK T., Danis, B., Khatamzas, E., Baker, J., Brain, O., McMichael, A., and Simmons, A. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 349 ,2010 Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK ------

HIV/Immunology

Integrative Genomic Analysis of HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cells Reveal That BATF Is a Key Regulator of T Cell Exhaustion QUIGLEY M., Porichis, F., Pereyra, F., Nilsson, B., Eichbaum, Q., Julg, B., Jesneck, J., Brosnahan, K., Russell, K., Toth, I., Piechocka-Trocha, A., Shin, H., Kwon, D., Zupkosky, J., Freeman, G., Wherry, E., Walker, B., Ebert, B., Kaufmann, D., and Haining, W. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 354 ,2010 1) Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115; 2) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Charlestown MA 02129,

USA ------

HIV/Immunology

HIV-1 Neutralization in Primary Cells Is Less Efficient When Infection Is Mediated by Cell-Cell Interaction QING WEI, Edmonds, T., Haitao, Ding, Spurgin, J., Smith, K., Ochsenbauer, C., and Kaippes, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 252 ,2010 University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Differential NK Cell Subset Involvement in ADCC or Respond to MHC Class 1 Negative Target Cells QINGQUAN LIU, Yongtao, Sun, Dedong, Huang, Song, Zhai, Yan, Zhuang, Suzannah, Rihn, Walker, B., Altfeld, M., and Alter, G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 247 ,2010 1) Department of Infectious Diseases, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China; 2) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts ------

HIV/Immunology

Prevalence of Vaccine-Preventable Infections Among Hiv-Infected Children in the Uk and Ireland Over 12 Years, 1996-2007 PAYNE H., Doerholt, K., Boyd, K., Judd, A., Sharland, M., Gibb, D., and Heath, P. ,Nice; France, 505 ,2010 1) Paediatric Infectious Disease, St Georges' Hospital; 2) MRC Clinical Trials Unit, London, UK ------

HIV/Immunology

Interleukin (IL)-21, but Not IL-2, Induces Antiviral Activity and Costimulatory Molecules in CD8 T Cells Without Promoting HIV Replication PARMIGIANI A., Pallin, M., Lichtenheld, M., and Pahwa, S. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 42.15 ,2010 University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

Maintaining CD28 Expression Prevents Replicative Senescence in Human CD 8 T Cells PARISH S., Wu, J., and Effros, R.

,Baltimore, MD; USA, 50.23 ,2010 Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

Impact of GB Virus C (Hepatitis G Virus) in HIV-1 Pathogenesis PERKINS M., Himelfarb, D., Edward, H., Brenchley, J., Jaye, A., Cotten, M., Stapleton, J., Roederer, M., Rowland-Jones, S., McMichael, A., Xu, X., and Douek, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 347 ,2010 1) Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; 2) MRC Human Immunology Unit, WIMM, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; 3) Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; 4) MRC Gambia Unit, Fajara, The Gambia; 5) University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Host Determinants of HIV-1 Control in African Americans PELAK K., Goldstein, D., Walley, N., Fellay, J., Dongliang, Ge, Shianna, K., Gumbs, C., Xiaojiang, Gao, Maia, J., Cronin, K., Hussain, S., Carrington, M., Michael, N., Weintrob, A., and IDCRP HIV working group ,Banff, AB; Canada, 335 ,2010 1) Center for Human Genome Variation, Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; 2) Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA; 3) Cancer and Inflammation Program, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702, USA; 4) Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; 5) Division of Retrovirology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; 6) Infectious Disease Clinical Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20307, USA; 7) NIAID Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology (CHAVI) ------

HIV/Immunology

APOBEC3G Expression Is Induced in Highly HIV Susceptible CD4+CCR6+T Cells by CCR6 Ligands LAFFERTY M., Sun, L., DeMasi, L., Lu, W., and Garzino-Demo, A. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 208 ,2010 Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School Of Medicine, Baltimore MD 21201 ------

HIV/Immunology

A Chinese Rhesus Macaque Model for Testing "Live" Microbicides LAAENAUR L., Brichacek, B., Lee, P., Sanders-Beer, B., and Hamer, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 257 ,2010 1) Osel, Inc., Santa Clara, CA 95054, USA; 2) NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; 3) BIOQUAL, Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Phenotypical and Functional Studies of CD1d-Restricted NKT Cells and NK Cells in Patients With Primary HIV-1 Infection Treated With Interleukin-2 KUYLENSTIERNA C., Snyder-Cappione, J., Gonzalez, V., Loo, C., Spotts, G., Hecht, F., Michaelsson, J., Moll, M., Nixon, D., and Sandberg, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 239 ,2010 Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Low Levels of Varicella-Specific Antibodies in Treated Hiv-Infected Children Results From Failure to Reactivate Anti-Vzv Memory Responses, Rather Than Lower Initial Responses Or Accelerated Antibody Loss L'HUILLIER A., Siegrist, C., Courvoisier, D., Ferry, T., Aebi, C., Cheseaux, J., Kind, C., Rudin, C., Nadal, D., Hirschel, B., Wyler, C., Posfay-Barbe, K., and Swiss Mother & Child HIV Cohort Study (MoCHIV) Group ,Nice; France, 624 ,2010 1) Department of Pediatrics, Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals of Geneva; 2) Department of Pathology and Immunology, University of Geneva; 3) Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Geneva; 4) Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva Medical School and University Hospitals of Geneva, Geneva; 5) Department of Pediatrics and Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern; 6) Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital CHUV, Lausanne; 7) Ostschweizer Kinderspital, St. Gallen; 8) University Children's Hospital, Basel; 9) Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Children's Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ------

HIV/Immunology

Human NK Inhibitory Receptor KIR3DL1 Recognition of Conserved Regions of HLA-B LI FU and Burshtvn, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 205 ,2010

Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada ------

HIV/Immunology

Innate Sensing of HIV-Infected Cells LEPELLEY A., Louis, S., Sourisseau, M., Schilte, C., Mammano, F., Albert, M., and Schwartz, O. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 304 ,2010 Virus & Immunity Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris 75015, France ------

HIV/Immunology

Mathematical Models of Persistent Infections KOCH?N BFAU - KOCH?N B. 1, Johnson, P., Blattman, J., Regoes, R., and Antia, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 237 ,2010 1) Emory U, Atlanta; 2) FHCRC, Seattle; 3) ?TH, Zurich ------

HIV/Immunology

Differences in the Frameshift-Regulating P1-Site in Treatment-Naive and PIresistant HIV Isolates KNOPS E., Théberge-Julien, G., Kaiser, R., Hoffman, D., Brakier-Gingras, L., and Verheyen, J. ,Sorrento; Italy, 6 ,2010 1) University of Cologne, Institute of Virology, Cologne, Germany; 2) University of Montreal, Department of Biochemistry, Montreal, Canada; 3) University of Duisburg-Essen, Centre for Medical Biotechnology, Essen, Germany ------

HIV/Immunology

The Role of Adapter Protein-1 in MHC-I Trafficking in Antigen Presenting Cells KULPA D., Del, Cid N., Raghavan, M., and Collins, K. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 256 ,2010 1) Department of Internal Medicine, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA; 2) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, 48109, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Multiparametric Flow Analysis of HIV-Specific CD8 T-Cell Mediated Virus Inhibition KOPYCINSKI J., Cheeseman, H., Ashraf, A., Spentzou, A., Clark, L., Bergin, P., Gill, D., Gilmour, J., Cox, J., and Haves, P. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 235 ,2010 IAVI Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, 369 Fulham Road, London SW10 9NH, UK ------

HIV/Immunology

MHC Haplotype M3 Is Associated With Early Control of SHIVsbg Infection in Mauritian Cynomolgus Macaques MEE E., Berry, N., Ham, C., Aubertin, A., Hall, J., Stebbings, R., Page, M., Almond, N., and Rose, N. ,Florence; Italy, P371 ,2010 1) National Institute for Biological Standards and Control, Health Protection Agency, South Mimms, UK; 2) University Louis Pasteur, Strasbourg, France ------

HIV/Immunology

Characterization of A4ß7 Integrin Expression on Cervical T Lymphocytes MCKINNON L., Izulla, P., Kimani, J., Nyanga, B., Cicala, C., Omu, Anzala A., Arthos, J., and Kaul, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 304 ,2010 University of Toronto, University of Nairobi, National Institute of Health ------

HIV/Immunology

SIVmac251infection of Rhesus Macaques Destroys Secondary Lymphoid Tissue Architecture and Depletes Naïve T Cell Populations MING ZENG, Wietgrefe, S., Southern, P., Schacker, T., Reily, C., Silvestri, G., Lifson, J., and Haase, A. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 449 ,2010 1) Department of Microbiology, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; 2) Department of Medicine, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; 3) Department of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA; 4) Department of Pathology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19104; 5) AIDS Vaccine Program, Science Applications International Corporation-Frederick, Inc., National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702 ------

HIV/Immunology

Early Selection for Escape Mutation in an SIV Nef Epitope Following Adoptive Transfer of Virus-Specific CD8+ Tcell Clones During Acute Infection MINANA J., Trivett, M., Bolton, D., Trubey, C., Estes, J., Yuan, Li, Smedley, J., Pung, R., Rosati, M., Jalah, R., Pavlakis, G., Felber, B., Piatak, M., Roederer, M., Lifson, J., Ott, D., and Ohlen, C. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 367 ,2010 1) AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA; 2) Laboratory Animal Science Program, SAIC-Frederick Inc., Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA; 3) Human Retrovirus Section, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA; 4) Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, NCI-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA; 5) mmunoTechno!ogy Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 ------

HIV/Immunology

Protective Effects of Monomeric and Dimeric Forms of the 2G12 Neutralizing Antibody Against HIV-1 Infection in a Modified Humanized Mouse Model LUO X., Lei, M., Feidi, R., West, A., Balazs, A., Yang, L., and Baltimore, D. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 45.28 ,2010 Caltech, Pasadena, CA, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

Setting Up Multiple Barricades Along the HIV Infection Pathway-Learning From Genetic Pathway Profile of HIV Resistant Sexworkers MA LUO, Songok, M., Sainsbury, J., Kimani, J., Wachihi, C., Liang, B., Van, Domselaar G., Bielawny, T., Fowke, K., Ball, T., and Plummer, F. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 251 ,2010 1) Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; 2) National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 3) Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya ------

HIV/Immunology

Evaluation of Solid Matrix Transport Device (SampleTanker®) for Transport of Plasma Between Clinical Sites for HIV-1 Resistance and Antibody Testing LOVEDAY C., Lloyd, R., Macrae, E., Holodniy, M., Mathis, R., Burns, D., Cooper, J., and Loveday, C. ,Sorrento; Italy, 55 ,2010 1) ICVC Charitable Trust, Clinical Virology, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; 2) Technology Think Tank, LLC, Buford, USA; 3) Veterans Affairs Medical Centre, HIV/AIDS, Palo Alto, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

HLA-B35-Cw4 Increases Both Vertical HIV Transmission and Progression MARTINEZ-QUILES N., Martinez-Laso, J., Martin-Villa, J., Rey, D., Gomez-Prieto, P., Parga- Lozano, C., and rnaiz-Villena, A. ,Florence; Italy, P330 ,2010 1) University Complutense, Madrid, Spain; 2) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; 3) University Complutense, The Madrid Regional Blood Center, Madrid, Spain ------

HIV/Immunology

Recognition of Cryptic Epitopes Is a Ubiquitous Feature of AIDS Virus Infection MANESS N., Walsh, A., Piaskowski, S., Wallace, L., Wilson, N., and Watkins, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 316 ,2010 Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison ------

HIV/Immunology

Differences in HIV Entry and Trafficking in Primary Lymphocytes Versus Epithelial Cell Line Models: Implications for the Assessment of HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibodies MACEDO C., Brown, B., Wieczorek, L., Michae, N., and Polanis, V. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 301 ,2010 1) The US Military HIV Research Program, (MHRP); 2) Henry M. Jackson Foundation; 3) Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Estimating HIV Stoichiometries MAGNUS C. and Regoes, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 302 ,2010 Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland ------

HIV/Immunology

Cd8 T Cell Responses to a Novel, Highly Conserved HLA-A*0201(A2) Epitope in HIV Gag VALDES L., Costanzo, M., Ladell, K., Salkowitz, J., Yang, O., Price, D., and Kan-Mitchell, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 432 ,2010 1) University of Texas at EI Paso, EI Paso, TX 79968, USA; 2) Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK; 3) University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA ------

HIV/Immunology

The Role of NK/DC Cross-Talk in HIV Pathogenesis VALENTIN-TORRES A. and Bernstein, H. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 94.5 ,2010 Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

An Investigation into the Role of a CD4 Polymorphism in Susceptibility to HIV-1 Infection in an African Female Sex Worker Cohort TUFF J., Ma, Luo, Kimani, J., Wachihi, C., Plummer, F., and Fowke, K. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 430 ,2010 National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, MB, R3E 3R2, Canada ------

HIV/Immunology

Loss of Polyclonal Memory B-Cells During Chronic HIV Infection Is Driven by FOX03a-and TRAIL-Mediated Apoptosis and Is Rescued by IL-2 VAN GREVENYNGHE J., Noto, A., Da, Fonseca S., Peretz, Y., Dupuy, F., Procopio, F., Chomont, N., Saidl, E., Tremblay, C., Routy, J., Boulassel, M., Sekaly, R., and Haddad, E. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 463 ,2010 ------

HIV/Immunology

Role of IL-7 and Type I IFN in Immune Activation of T Cells in HIV Infection TCHEUNG L., Hurley, A., Wilhelm, C., Friesen, T., Roby, G., Rehm, C., Lane, C., and Catalfamo, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 232 ,2010 CMRS/Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Antigen Processing Influences HIV-Specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Immunodominance TENZER S., Wee, E., Burgevin, A., Stewart-Jones, G., Friis, L., Lamberth, K., Chang, C., Harndahl, M., Weimershaus, M., Gerstoft, J., Akkad, N., Fugger, L., Klenerman, P., Jones, E., McMichael, A., Buus, S., Schild, H., van, Endert P., and Iversen, A. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 219 ,2010 1) Inst. of Immunology, Univ. of Mainz, Mainz, Germany; 2) Weatherall Inst. of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK; 3) Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unité 580, Univ. René Descartes, Paris, France; 4) Dept. Of Microbiology and Immunology, Univ. of Copenhagen, Denmark; 5) Dept. of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, The National Univ. Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; 6) Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, UK; 7) Structural Biology Group, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, Oxford, UK ------

HIV/Immunology

Molecular Architecture of Trimeric SIV and HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins SUBRAMANIAM S. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 031 ,2010 Center for Cancer Research, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892 ------

HIV/Immunology

Extensive HLA-Driven Viral Diversity Following a Narrow-Source HIV-1 Outbreak in Rural China TAO DONG, Yonghong, Zhang, Ke, Yi, X, Huiping, Yan, James, I., Yanchun, Peng, Blais, M., Gaudieri, S., Xinyue, Chen, Wenhui, Lun, Hao, Wu, Chun, Hui Zhao, Chang, C., Wen, Yan Qu, Rostron, T., Ning, Li, Yu, Mao, Malla, S., Xiaoning, Xu, McMichael, A., John, M., and Rowland-Jones, S. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 351 ,2010 1) MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK; 2) Beijing You An Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PRC; 3) Ditan Infectious Diseases Hospital, Beijing, PRC; 4) Centre for Clinical Immunology and Biomedical Statistics, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Murdoch University, WA, 6155, Australia; 5) School of Anatomy and Human Biology and Centre for Forensic Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, Australia ------

HIV/Immunology

Receptors and Pathways Utilized by Dendritic Cells for Antigen Presentation of Free and Complement Opsonized HIV TJOMSLAND V., Che, K., Hinkula, J., Lifson, D., and Larsson, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 428 ,2010 1) Molecular Virology, Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden; 2) SAIC/Fredrick, National Cancer Institute at Fredrick, Fredrick, Maryland, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Antibody VRC01: To Be or Not To Be Like CD4 TONGQING ZHOU, Xueling, Wu, Young, Do Kwon, Ling, Xu, Yongping, Yang, Yang, Z., Nabel, G., Mascola, J., and Kwong, P. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 011 ,2010 Vaccine Research Center, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

A Multiparametric FACS Assay to Assess HIV-1 Tropism on T Cell Subsets TILTON J., Harrison, J., Wilen, C., and Doms, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 426 ,2010 Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Vaccinating Hiv-Positive Children in the West Midlands TEOH L. ,Nice; France ,2010 Birmingham, UK ------

HIV/Immunology

Diversity of the CD8+T Cell Repertoire Responding to an Immunodominant Epitope Does Not Depend on the Context of Infection VENTURI V., Rudd, B., Smithey, M., Sing, Sing Way, Davenport, M., and Nikolich-Zugich, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 439 ,2010 1) Computational Biology Unit, NSW, Australia; 2) Complex Systems in Biology Group, Centre for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia; 3) Department of Immunobiology and the Arizona Center on Aging, University of Arizona College of Medicine, AZ, USA; 4) Department of Pediatrics, Center for Infectious Disease and Microbiology Translational Research, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, MN, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Co-Localization of Antigen Processing and Receptor Binding Sites in HIV Gp120: A Mechanism to Explain the Difficulty in Eliciting Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies YU B., da, Fonseca D., O'Rourke, S., and Berman, P. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 164 ,2010 Department of Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes, Virus Strategies and Sterilising Immunity YATES A., van, Baalen M., and Antia, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 453 ,2010 1) Dept of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris ParkAvenue Bronx, NY 10461, USA; 2) Dept of Microbiology and Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris ParkAvenue Bronx, NY 10461, USA; 3) Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Bât. A, 7ème Etage, Case 237, 7 Quai St.-Bernard, 75252 Paris, France; 4) Dept of Biology, Emory University, 1510 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

CD4+ T Cell Mediated B Cell Activation in Response to Inactivated HIV-1 Is Highly Correlated With the Level of HIV-1 Viremia ZERN E., Barnett, L., Sadagopal, L., and Kalams, S. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 450 ,2010 Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

T Regulatory Cells in HIV-2 Infections Are Significantly Lower Than HIV-1 and Positively Correlate With Immune Activation and Viral Loads ZAIDI I., Jeffries, D., Rowland-Jones, S., Whittle, H., and Jaye, A. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 454 ,2010 1) Viral Diseases Program, MRC (UK) Laboratories, The Gambia; 2) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Medical Research Council Human Immunology Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom ------

HIV/Immunology

Gut-Homing Potential of and Th17 Profiles of HIV-Specific CD4+ and CD8+ T- Cells in HIV-Infected Subjects With Slow Disease Progression WACLECHE V., Gosselin, A., Monteiro, P., Kared, H., Boulassel, M., Routy, J., and Ancuta, P. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 102 ,2010 1) CHUM-Research Center, Saint Luc Hospital, Université de Montréal; 2) INSERM Unit 743, Montréal, Quebec, Canada; 3) Montréal Chest Institute of the Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada ------

HIV/Immunology

HIV Controller CD4+ T Cells Respond to Minimal Amounts of Gag Antigen Due to High TCR Avidity VINGERT B., Perez-Patrigeon, S., Jeannin, P., Lambotte, O., Boufassa, F., Kwok, W., Theodorou, I., Delfraissy, J., Thèze, J., and Chakrabarti, L. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 435 ,2010 1) Unité d'lmmunogénétique Cellulaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France; 2) AP-HP, Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Bicêtre Hospital; 3) INSERM U822, Bicêtre Hospital, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; 4) Benaroya Research Institute at Virginia Mason, Seattle, WA, USA; 5) INSERM U543, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France ------

HIV/Immunology

Early Genital Tract Compartmentalization During Acute SIV Infection WHITNEY J., Hraber, P., Luedemann, C., Bhattacharya, T., Rao, S., Mascola, J., Korber, B., Nabel, G., and Letvin, N. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 440 ,2010 1) Division of Viral Pathogenesis, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115; 2) Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545; 3) Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, MD 20892 ------

HIV/Immunology

Synergistic Effect of Bacterial LPS and HIV Virions on Memory B Cell Death WEI JIANG, Sieg, S., Hardin, C., and Lederman, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 220 ,2010 1) Center For AIDS Research, Department of Medicine, OH 44106; 2) Pathology Case Western Reserve University and University Hospital of Cleveland, OH 44106 ------

HIV/Immunology

Prevalent HLA Class I Allele Combinations Result in a Lack of HIV-1-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses and Higher Viral Set Point STREECK H., Brumme, Z., Xiaojiang, Gao, Kwon, D., Addo, M., Rychert, J., Axten, K., Brumme, C., Pyo, A., Flanders, M., Boutwell, C., Allen, T., Yassine-Diab, B., Routy, J., Little, S., Jessen, H., Kelleher, A., Hecht, F., Sekaly, R., Rosenberg, E., Harrigan, R., Bosch, R., Walker, B., Carrington, M., and Altfeld, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 420 ,2010 Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard ------

HIV/Immunology

HIV-1 Control After Treatment Interruption Is Associated to Low Levels of HIV-1 DNA SAEZ-CIRION A., vettand-Fenoe, V., Hocqueloux, L., Prazuck, T., Viard, J., Goujard, C., Sinet, M., Venet, A., Pancino, G., Rouzioux, C., and ANRS Visconti Group ,Banff, AB; Canada, 330 ,2010 1) Institut Pasteur, Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Paris, France; 2) AP-HP Hôpital Necker and University Paris Descartes Paris, France; 3) CHR d'Orléans, Orléans, France; 4) Hôpital Necker, Paris, France; 5) AP-HP Hôpital Bicêtre; 6) Inserm U802, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France ------

HIV/Immunology

Elite Controllers Recognize A Novel Subdominant Epitope in HIV Gag P24 SALKOWITZ J., Bansal, A., Li, J., Costanzo, M., Sidney, J., Sette, A., Yang, O., Goepfert, P., and Kan-Mitchell, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 353 ,2010 1) Dept. Biol Sci., Univ.Texas El Paso, El Paso, TX, 79968; 2) Dept Med., Univ Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294; 3) La Jolla Inst. Allergy Immunol., La Jolla, CA, 92037; 4) David Geffen School Med., Dept. Infect. Dis., UCLA, LosAngeles, CA, 90095 ------

HIV/Immunology

Regulation of IRF-1 Expression and Responsiveness to IFN-Gamma in Kenyan Women Resistant to HIV-1 Infection Involves NF-KappaB Binding and Epigenetic Controls Via HDAC2 Recruitment RUEY-CHYI S., Sivro, A., Kimani, J., Jaoko, W., Plummer, F., and Blake, Ball T. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 421 ,2010 1) Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; 2) Immunology, University of Manitoba; 3) National Microbiology Laboratories, Winnipeg, Manitoba, R3E 0W3, Canada; 4) National HIV & Retrovirology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg,

Manitoba, R3E 0W3, Canada; 5) Department of Medical Microbiology University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya ------

HIV/Immunology

Comprehensive Analysis of Frequency and Phenotvpe of T Regulatory Cells in HIV Infection: CD39 Expression on FoxP3+T Regulatory Cells in HIV Infection Correlates With Disease Progression SCHULZE ZUR WIESCH J., Thomssen, A., Hartjen, P., Lehmann, C., Meyer-Olson, D., Colberg, K., Lohse, A., Rockstroh, J., Fätkenheuer, G., Hauber, J., and van, Lunzen J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 404 ,2010 Medizinsche Klinik, Universitätsklinikum Hamburg Eppendorf, Germany, Martinistr. 52, 20246 Hamburg ------

HIV/Immunology

Dynamics of CTL Epitope Escape and Reversion in an African Subtype C Cohort SCHAEFER M., Claiborne, D., Prince, J., Mulenga, J., Jianming, Tang, Goepfert, P., Farmer, P., Kaslow, R., Allen, S., and Hunter, E. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 401 ,2010 1) Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2) Zambia Blood Transfusion Service and ZEHRP, Lusaka, Zambia; 3) University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Synthesis of Novel CADA Analog Prodrugs Designed As Down- Modulators of the CD4 Receptor SCARBROUGH E., Vermeire, K., Schols, D., and Bell, T. ,San Francisco, CA; USA, 158 ,2010 1) Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Reno, USA; 2) Rega Institute for Medical Research, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium ------

HIV/Immunology

Memory Phenotypes of Polyfunctional HIV-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses RICHMOND M., McKinnon, L., Koesters, Kiazyk S., Wachihi, C., Kimani, M., Kimani, J., Plummer, F., and Ball, T. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 347 ,2010 1) Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; 2) Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; 3) Department

of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada; 4) National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Heath Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada; 5) Department of Immunology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada; 6) National HIV & Retrovirology Laboratories, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Canada ------

HIV/Immunology

Vaginal Langerhans Cells Resist Genomic Integration of HIV-1 but Transmit Endocytosed Virions to Susceptible Target Cells ROBINSON B., Ballweber, L., Kreger, A., Lentz, G., Fialkow, M., McElrath, M., and Hladik, F. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 225 ,2010 University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Exploring HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein Trimer Stability ROWCLIFFE E., Leaman, D., Agrawal, N., Kinkead, H., Du, S., Whalen, R., Burton, D., and Zwick, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 453 ,2010 1) Dartment of Immunology and Microbial Science, La Jolla, CA 92037; 2) IAVI Neutralizing Antibody Center, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037; 3) Maxygen, 301 Galveston Drive, Redwood City, CA 94063; 4) Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, 149 13th street, Charlestown, MA 02129; 5) Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 770 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02138; 6) Harvard University, Massachusetts Hall, Cambridge, MA 02139 ------

HIV/Immunology

Induction of PD-1 Ligands on Primary Human Macrophages by HIV-1 Virions RODRIGUEZ-GARCIA M., Porichis, F., de, Jong O., Levi, K., Diefenbach, T., Lifson, J., Kaufmann, D., and Kavanagh, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 348 ,2010 Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard ------

HIV/Immunology

Patient Specific Transcriptional Profiling of Early Acute HIV-1 Infection SKINNER J., Sharma, M., Baldwin, N., Lemoine, B., Blankenship, D., De, Vol E., Cohen, M., Soderberg, K., Denny, T., McMichael, A., Haynes, B., Banchereau, J., Chaussabel, D., and CHAVI Clinical Site Team ,Banff, AB; Canada, 411 ,2010 1) Baylor Institute for Immunology Research-ANRS Center for Human Vaccines, INSERM U899, 3434 Live Oak St., Dallas, Texas 75204; 2) Institute for Health Care Research and Improvement, Baylor Health Care System, Dallas, Texas 75204; 3) University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599; 4) Duke Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710; 5) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington , Oxford, United Kingdom; 6) Duke University School of Medicine,

Durham, NC 27710 ------

HIV/Immunology

Nonpathogenic Natural SIV Infection SILVESTRI G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 009 ,2010 University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine ------

HIV/Immunology

Identification and Characterization of Early Founder Populations in Rhesus Macaques Vaginally Infected With SIVmac251 STONE M., Keele, B., Ma, Z., Bailes, E., Dutra, J., Hahn, B., Shaw, G., and Miller, C. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 418 ,2010 1) Center for Comparative Medicine; 2) California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA; 3) Departments of Medicine, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; 4) Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294; 5) Institute of Genetics, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom ------

HIV/Immunology

Rapid Degranulation of NK Cells Following Activation by HIV-Specific Antibodies STRATOV I., Chung, A., Rollman, E., Center, R., and Kent, S. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 419 ,2010 1) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; 2) melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Carlton, Australia; 3) Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Hospital, Prahran, Australia; 4) Burnet Institute, Prahran, Australia ------

HIV/Immunology

Immunological and Viral Evolution on Failing Dual Boosted Protease Inhibitor Regimen in HIV-1-Infected Salvage Patients STEPHAN C., Bartha, V., Haberl, A., Bickel, M., Gute, P., Knecht, G., Doerr, H., Staszewski, S., Brodt, H., and Stürmer, M. ,Sorrento; Italy, 16 ,2010 1) Klinikum der J. W. Goethe Universität Haus 68, Hivcenter, Frankfurt Main, Germany; 2) Infektiologikum, Friedensstrasse, Frankfurt Main, Germany; 3) Infektiologikum, Stresemannallee, Frankfurt Main, Germany; 4) Klinikum der J. W. Goethe Universität,

Medical Virology Institute, Frankfurt Main, Germany ------

HIV/Immunology

Prediction of Neutralization Breadth by a HIV-1 Broadly Neutralizing Antibody STAWISKI E., Wrin, T., Phung, P., and Haddad, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 416 ,2010 Chris Petropoulos Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

A Systems Biology Approach for Immune Monitoring in HIV Resistant Sex Workers From Nairobi, Kenya STEIN D., Westmacott, G., Carpenter, M., Cheng, K., Plummer, F., and Blake, Ball T. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 417 ,2010 1) University of Manitoba; 2) Public Health Agency of Canada; 3) National HIV and Retrovirology Laboratories ------

HIV/Immunology

Mucosal Immune Responses to HIV Infection SHACKLETT B. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 005 ,2010 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Analysis of HIV-1 Gag Epitopes of Two HLA Class I Alleles Associated With Different Outcomes of HIV-1 Infection in the Pumwani Sex Worker Cohort SEMENIUK C., Capina, R., Mendoza, M., Kimani, J., Wachihi, C., Kimani, M., Ball, T., Ma, Luo, and Plummer, F. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 405 ,2010 1) National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 2) Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; 3) Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya ------

HIV/Immunology

Influence of HLA-G Polymorphisms on Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Hepatitis C Virus Co-Infection in Brazilian Patients SILVA G., Vianna, P., Veit, T., Mattevi, V., Lazzaretti, R., Sprinz, E., Kuhmmer, R., and Chies, J. ,Florence; Italy, P306 ,2010 1) Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; 2) Universidade Federal de Ci êencias da Saúde de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil; 3) Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil ------

HIV/Immunology

The Presence of Neutralizing and Non-Neutralizing Anti-HIV Antibodies Inhibits the Mobility of the Virus in Cervical Mucus SHUKAIR S., Cianci, G., Dinh, M., Allen, S., Hammond, C., and Hope, T. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 410 ,2010 Dept. of Cell and Mol Biol, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Regulatory T Cells and Immune Activation in the Rectal Mucosa of HIV+ Subjects SHAW J., Critchfield, J., Hunt, P., Youna, D., Garcia, J., Pollard, R., Deeks, S., and Shacklett, B. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 407 ,2010 1) Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; 2) Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94122, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Rapid Progression of Disease in HIV-2 Related to HLA-B15 Genotype DE BREE G., Yindom, L., Carrington, M., Walton, R., Whittle, H., van, Tienen C., Vincent, T., Jave, A., de, Silva T., Cotton, M., Leligdowicz, A., Tao, Dong, and Rowland-Jones, S. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 138 ,2010 1) Medical Research Council, Human Immunology Unit, Oxford, United Kingdom; 2) Medical Research Council (UK), The Gambia; 3) Cancer and Inflammation Programme, Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Frederick, USA; 4) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Charleston, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Performance Evaluation of Two Multiplex Technologies for the Measurement of Serum Cytokines in HIV-Infected Individuals DABITAO D., Margolick, J., and Bream, J. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 134.17 ,2010 W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

Spread of HIV Through T Cell Virological Synapses Enhances Multiplicity of Infection DEL PORTILLO A., Tripodi, J., LeBlanc, A., Najfeld, V., Levy, D., and Chen, B. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 128 ,2010 1) Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029; 2) Tumor Cytogenetics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029; 3) Basic Science and Craniofacial Biology, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY 10010 ------

HIV/Immunology

Does Increased Expression of HLA-C Allow Better Control of HIV-1 Viral Load? CORRAH T., Goonetilleke, N., Rostron, T., Tao, Dong, Deeks, S., Martin, J., McMichael, A., and Brackenridge, S. ,Banff, AB; Canada ,2010 1) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, UK; 2) University of California, San Francisco, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Exploring Antibody Recognition of the V3 Region on HIV-1 CLARK B., Auyeung, K., and Pantophlet, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 331 ,2010 Faculty of Health Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC V5A1S6, Canada ------

HIV/Immunology

Multiple, Distinct Regulatory T Cell Populations Control Peripheral Blood and Liver Immunity to Human Hepatitis C Virus Infections CLAASSEN M., de, Knegt R., Janssen, H., and Boonstra, A. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 133 ,2010 Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC; University Medical Center, Rotterdam, 3015 CE, the Netherlands ------

HIV/Immunology

CTL Responses to HIV-1 During Acute and Chronic Infection CULSHAW A., Mashishi, T., Spina, C., Richman, D., Rowland-Jones, S., and Tao, Dong ,Banff, AB; Canada, 133 ,2010 1) The MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, The University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, OX3 9DS; 2) The University of California-San Diego, VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Drive, San ------118 / 174 EUROPRISE SCIENCE UPDATE 10-17

Diego, CA 92161 ------

HIV/Immunology

Soluble IL-7Ra (CD127) Decreases IL-7 Activity and Is Increased in HIV Infection CRAWLEY A., Faucher, S., and Angel, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 139 ,2010 1) Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; 2) Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; 3) National HIV Immunology laboratory, National HIV and Retrovirology Labs, Centre for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control Health Canada, Ottawa, Canada; 4) Division of Infectious Diseases, Ottawa Hospital-General Campus, Ottawa, Canada ------

HIV/Immunology

Unravelling CD4 T Cell Dysfunction During Chronic Infection CRAWFORD A. and Wherry, E. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 39.17 ,2010 1) Wistar, Philadelphia, PA, United States; 2) U Penn, Philadelphia, PA, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

NK/DC Crosstalk and Regulation of Adaptive Immunity ESTCOURT M., Andrews, D., Andoniou, C., and gli-Esposti, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 015 ,2010 Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute and Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia ------

HIV/Immunology

Damaged Intestinal Epithelial Integrity and Tissue Macrophage Dysfunction Underlie Microbial Translocation in Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infections ESTES J., Harris, L., Klatt, N., Tabb, B., Pittaluga, S., Paiardini, M., Barclay, R., Smedley, J., Pung, R., Oliveira, K., Silvestri, G., Douek, D., Miller, C., Haase, A., Lifson, J., and Brenchley, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 145 ,2010 1) AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD; 2) Immunopathogenesis Unit, Lab of Molecular Microbiology, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD; 3) Lab of Pathology, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, MD; 4) Department of Pathology and Laboratory of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; 5) Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland; 6) Laboratory Animal Science Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD; 7) AdvanDX, Inc, Woburn,

MA; 8) Human Immunology Section, Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD; 9) Center for Comparative Medicine, California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA; 10) Department of Microbiology, Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN ------

HIV/Immunology

Altered Sema4D Expression During HIV-1 Infection Is Associated With Decreased HIV-Specific T Cell Responses ERIKSSON E., Ho, E., Batista, M., Holditch, S., Milush, J., Long, B., Hunt, P., Deeks, S., Martin, J., and Nixon, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 263 ,2010 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94110 ------

HIV/Immunology

Significant Impairment in Innate Immune Cells Recruitment by Chronic Untreated Antibodies to Mediate ADCC DUGAST A., Barkume, C., Pechocka-Trocha, A., Toth, I., and Alter, G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 142 ,2010 Ragon Institute, Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 149, 13th street, Boston, MA 02129 ------

HIV/Immunology

Association of HLA-DRB1*0101 Exon 2 Mutations With HIV Progression EGLITE E., Sochnev, A., and Viksna, L. ,Florence; Italy, P377 ,2010 1) Riga Stradins University (RSU), Riga, Latvia; 2) Laboratory for Clinical Immunology & Immunogenetic, Riga, Latvia ------

HIV/Immunology

Neutralization of HIV-1 by Breast Milk in a Fc ? Receptor Expressing Cell Line FOUDA G., Permar, S., Perez, G., and Montefiori, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 150 ,2010 Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710 ------

HIV/Immunology

Type I Interferon Increases the Sensitivity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Specific CD8+ T Lymphocytes to CD95/Fas-Mediated Apoptosis FRAIETTA J., Mueller, Y., Do, D., Yang, G., Jacobson, J., and Katsikis, P. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 42.22 ,2010 Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia , PA, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

Absent Correlation Between Cross-Reactive HIV-1 Specific Neutralizing Activity in Serum and the Clinical Course of HIV-1 Infection EULER Z., van, Gils M., Phung, P., Schweighardt, B., Wrin, T., and Schuitemaker, H. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 146 ,2010 1) Dept of Exp Immunology and Landsteiner Laboratory of the Academic Medical Center at the University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2) Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Immunodominant HIV-Specific CD8+ T-Cell Responses Are Common to Blood and Rectal Mucosa, and Gag-Specific Mucosal Responses Dominate in HIV Controllers FERRE A., Lemongello, D., Morris, M., Garcia, J., Pollard, R., Hunt, P., Yee, H., Martin, J., Deeks, S., and Shacklett, B. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 147 ,2010 1) University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; 2) University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Recently Transmitted HIV and the Early Neutralizing Antibody Response DERDEYN C., Alexander, M., Rong, Rong, Bing, Li, Lynch, R., Boeras, D., Murphy, M., Haaland, R., Ling, Yue, Mulenga, J., Karita, E., Allen, S., and Hunter, E. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 010 ,2010 1) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and the Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA; 2) Zambia Emory HIV Research Project, Lusaka, Zambia; 3) Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda ------

HIV/Immunology

Role of PI3K and Autophagy in Virus-Stimulated IFN-a Production by Human Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells DENG J., Singh, S., and Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 136.46 ,2010 University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

Viral Regulation of a TLR/RLR-Independent Program of Host Cell Recognition of HIV Infection DOEHLE B., Chang, K., and Gale, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 153 ,2010 University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Immunology, Seattle, WA 98195 ------

HIV/Immunology

Investigation of the Sensitivity of Acute-Phase HIV-1 Isolates to Type I Interferons DIBBEN O., asa-Chapman, M., Lewis, J., McKnight, A., Williams, I., and Borrow, P. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 151 ,2010 The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, RG20 7NN, UK ------

HIV/Immunology

HIV-1 Infection Sensitizes CD4+ T Cells to Cell Death Induced by TNF-Alpha BARNITZ R., Rao, S., and Lenardo, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 105 ,2010 1) Laboratory of Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 2) Immunology Graduate Group, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104 ------

HIV/Immunology

B Cells Diversify the HIV Env Genes and Promote Anti-Env Immunity BALIN S., Platt, J., and Cascalho, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 123 ,2010 Departments of Surgery and Microbiology and Immunology. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, M I 48109-2200, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Concurrent Up-Regulation of Activation/Maturation Receptors and IFN-a by Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells in Response to HSV and HIV AWOYOMI T., Singh, S., and Fitzgerald-Bocarsly, P. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 130.8 ,2010

University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey - Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Newark, NJ, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

Induction and Maintenance of Systemic IL10 in Chronic LCMV Infection BACA JONES C., Filippi, C., Ehrhardt, K., Sachithanantham, S., and von, Herrath M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 104 ,2010 1) Developmental Immunology, La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA; 2) Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation ------

HIV/Immunology

Identification of an IL-7 Responsive CD4+ Lymphoid Tissue Inducer Cell From Adult Human Blood BEKIARIS V., Greenberg ?FAU - Greenberg, Sedy, J., and Ware, C. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 36.24 ,2010 La Jolla Institute for Allergy & Immunology, San Diego, CA, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

Higher Peripheral Treg Frequencies and T Cell Activation but Lower Absolute Treg Numbers in HIV-1 Chronic Progressors Compared to Elite Controllers ANOIN M., Fang, Wen, Kwon, D., Streeck, H., Pyo, A., Trocha, A., Toth, I., Law, K., Pereyra, F., Alter, G., Altfeld, M., Kaufmann, D., Walker, B., and Addo, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 109 ,2010 1) Ragon Institute of MGH, Harvard and MIT, Boston, MA 02129, USA; 2) MGH Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA, 02114, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

HLA-B*5701 in HIV Infected Patients: Relevance for Abacavir Hypersensitivity ATHANASSIADES T., Kitsiou, V., Kouniaki, D., Magafas, N., Chini, M., Lazanas, M., and Papasteriades, C. ,Florence; Italy, P370 ,2010 1) Evangelismos Hospital, Athens, Greece; 2) Red Cross Hospital, Athens, Greece ------

HIV/Immunology

HLA Allelic Distribution in HIV-1 Monoinfected Patients and HIV-1/HCV Coinfected Patients in Rio De Janeiro, Brazil CASTILHO M., Fabricio-Silva, G., Domingues, E., Cardoso, J., Lima, D., Mello, R., Figueiredo, F., Ferreira, O., and Cristovao, Porto L. ,Florence; Italy, P376 ,2010

1) Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2) Faculty of Medical Sciences, UERJ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ------

HIV/Immunology

The Antiviral Factor APOBEC3G Improves CTL Recognition of HIV-Infected T Cells: Linking Intrinsic and Adaptive Immune Responses CASARTELLI N., Guivel-Benhassine, F., Bouziat, R., Brandler, S., Schwartz, O., and Moris, A. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 327 ,2010 1) Institut Pasteur, Unité Virus et Immunité, URA CNRS 3015; 2) Unité d'lmmunité Cellulaire Antivirale, Paris, France; 3) UPMC, INSERM UMRS945, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France ------

HIV/Immunology

Bioinformatical Analvsis of Epitope Repertoire of HLA Class I Alleles Associated With Different Outcomes of HIV-1 Infection CAPINA R., Ma, Luo, Wachihi, C., Kimani, J., and Plummer, F. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 121 ,2010 1) National Microbiology Laboratory, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; 2) Medical Microbiology, University of Manitoba, Canada; 3) Medical Microbiology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya ------

HIV/Immunology

Natural Killer Cell Function and Disease Progression in Portuguese Patients With HIV - an Immunogenetic Perspective CARVALHO C., Lopes, D., Bettencourt, A., Leal, B., Maia, S., Vita, P., Almeida, F., Almeida, I., Franca, M., Vasconcelos, C., Costa, P., and Silva, B. ,Florence; Italy, P375 ,2010 1) UMIB-Instituto de Ci encias Biomedicas de Abel Salazar, Porto, Portugal; 2) Centro Hospitalar do Porto - Hospital de Santo Antonio, Porto, Portugal ------

HIV/Immunology

Loss of TRAF1 From Ag-Specific T Cells During Persistent Viral Infection Leads to Desensitization of the 4-1BB Signaling Pathway CHAO WANG, Kim, Karamura, McPherson, A., Lin, G., Pellegrini, M., Lang, P., Calzascia, T., Elford, A., Bernard, N., Jones, B., Ostrowski, M., Ohashi, P., and Watts, T. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 437 ,2010 University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada ------

HIV/Immunology

Contribution of Siglec-1 to HIV-1 Infection of Macrophages CHASTAIN A., Zhongcheng, Zou, Moir, S., Ford, J., Trandem, K., Martinelli, E., Cicala, C., Arthos, J., Crocker, P., and Sun, P. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 157 ,2010 1) NIAID, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20852, USA; 2) University of Dundee, Dundee DD15EH, UK ------

HIV/Immunology

Isolation of Cross-Clade HIV-Neutralizing Human Antibodies From Memory B Cell Repertoires Using Short Term Culture and High-Throuehput Primarv Neutralization Screens CHAN-HUI P., Wrin, T., Simek, M., Phogat, S., Olsen, O., Hammond, P., Poignard, P., Walker, L., Mitcham, J., Fling, S., Team, P., Burton, D., and Moyle, M. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 38.17 ,2010 1) Theraclone Sciences, Seattle, WA, United States; 2) Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA, United States; 3) International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, United States; 4) The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States; 5) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

An Analysis of Genital Tract Derived HIV From Heterosexual Transmission Pairs BOERAS D., Hurlston, M., Godoshian, A., Derdeyn, C., Mulenga, J., Karita, E., Allen, S., and Hunter, E. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 116 ,2010 1) Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; 2) Zambia Blood Transfusion Service and ZEHRP, Lusaka, Zambia; 3) Projet San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda ------

HIV/Immunology

HLA Class I Associations With Viral Variation Predicts a New HIV RT-Specific T- Cell Epitope in a Single-Source HIV-1 Outbreak in Rural China BLAIS M., Dong, T., Zhang, Y., Xu, K., Yan, H., John, M., and Rowland-Jones, S. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 113 ,2010 MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK ------

HIV/Immunology

IL-2 Induces Perforin Mediated Cytotoxicity in CD4 Cells Via STAT5 Signaling BROWN D., Canfield, J., Lee, S., and Condon, S. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 139.9 ,2010 School of Biological Sciences , University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

Adaptation of HIV-1 Envelope Glycoprotein to Humoral Immunity at a Population Level BUNNIK E., Euler, Z., Welkers, M., Grijsen, M., Prins, J., and Schuitemaker, H. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 119 ,2010 Department of Experimental Immunology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ------

HIV/Immunology

Reduced Replication Capacity of Recombinant Viruses Encoding Acute/Early HIV-1 Gag-Protease Sequences From Individuals Expressing Protective HLA Class I Alleles BROCKMAN M., Miura, T., Sela, J., Brumme, C., Markle, T., Rosato, P., Streeck, H., Block, B., Kadie, C., Jessen, H., Rychert, J., Rosenberg, E., Heckerman, D., Markowitz, M., Kelleher, A., Altfeld, M., Walker, B., Allen, T., and Brumme, Z. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 118 ,2010 1) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard; 2) Simon Fraser University; 3) British Columbia Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS; 4) Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo; 5) Howard Hughes Medical Institute; 6) Microsoft Research; 7) Jessen Praxis, Berlin; 8) Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center; 9) National Centre in HIV Epidemiology and Clinical Research, University of New South Wales ------

HIV/Immunology

Temporal Analysis of SlVmac239 Infection and Evolution in 12 Cynomolgous Macaques BOWLES E., Parker, J., Uchtenhagen, H., Sahin, G., Sheik-Khalil, E., Achour, A., Fenvo, F., Soetz, A., and Stewart-Jones, G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 167 ,2010 1) Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine. Oxford University, Oxford, UK; 2) Center for Infectious Medicine, Department of Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 3) Department of Laboratory Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden ------

HIV/Immunology

Altered NK Cell Differentiation of CD56bright/CD16-NK Cells With Down- Regulation of CCR7 Is Associated With Increased Viral Load in HIV-1 Infection HONG H., Eberhard, J., Bollmann, B., Keudel, P., Ballmaier, M., Zielinska-Skowronek, M., Schmidt, R., and Meyer-Olson, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 229 ,2010 1) Klinik für Immunologie und Rheumatologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany; 2) Pädiatrische Hämatologie und Onkologie, Medizinische Hochschule Hannover, 30625 Hannover, Germany ------

HIV/Immunology

Evidence That GC1qR and DC-SIGN Associate on the Surface of Immature Dendritic Cells HOSSZU K., Vinayagasundaram, U., Vinayagasundaram, R., Santiago-Schwarz, F., Peerschke, E., and Ghebrehiwet, B. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 136.24 ,2010 1) Genetics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook , NY, United States; 2) Stony Brook University, Dept. Medicine, Stony Brook , NY, United States; 3) SUNY Farmingdale, Farmingdale, NY, United States; 4) Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States ------

HIV/Immunology

PD-1 Is Upregulated on Natural Killer Cells in Chronic HIV-1 Infection HO E., Eriksson, E., Batista, M., Holditch, S., Milush, J., Long, B., Hunt, P., Deeks, S., Martin, J., and Nixon, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 226 ,2010 Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, 94110, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Comprehensive Analysis of Escape Mutation From HIV-1-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells Restricted by Asian Allele HLA-B*5401 HASHIMOTO M., Kitano, M., Oka, S., and Takiguchi, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 209 ,2010 Divisions of Viral Immunology, Centers forAIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan ------

HIV/Immunology

HIV-1 Up-Regulates Type 1 Long-Interspersed Nuclear Elements Retrotransposition by Vif and Vpr HAIHAN SONG, Yang, Xu, Jones, B., Mujib, S., Nixon, D., and Ostrowski, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 415 ,2010 1) Clinical Science Division, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, M5S 1A8, Canada; 2) Department of Medicine, UCSF, San Francisco CA, 94143, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Viral Load in HIV+ Partner Associates With Exposed Uninfected Partners' Capacity to Neutralize HIV-1 in Vitro HASSELROT K., Bratt, G., Hirbod, T., Säberg, P., Ehnlund, M., Lopalco, L., Sandström, E., and Broliden, K. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 210 ,2010 Dept of Medicine, Unit of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden ------

HIV/Immunology

Development of Neutralizing Antibodies Against Heterologous HIV Viruses Is Common and Correlated With Viral Evolution to Escape Neutralizing Antibodies HECHT F., Phung, P., Wrin, T., Hartogensis, W., Bacchetti, P., Pilcher, C., Petropoulos, C., and Deeks, S. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 212 ,2010 University of California, San Francisco ------

HIV/Immunology

HLA-B*57 and -B*58 Fail to Control HIV Clade AE in Thailand HEMPEL U., Buranapraditkun, S., Pitakpolrat, P., Phillips, L., Allgaier, R., Lorenzen, S., Hildebrand, W., Leitner, T., Matthews, P., Goulder, P., Walker, B., Ruxrungtham, K., and Allen, T. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 213 ,2010 1) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA; 2) Vaccine and Cellular Immunology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; 3) Dept. of Microbiology and Immunology, U. of Oklahoma, Oklahoma, USA; 4) Theoretical Biology and Biophysics, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico, USA; 5) University of Oxford, Oxford, UK ------

HIV/Immunology

Effect of Antiretroviral Therapy Initiation on Mucosal T-Cells in HIV Infection HAYES T., Critchfield, J., Knight, T., Yotter, T., Young, D., Pollard, R., Asmuth, D., and Shacklett, B. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 211 ,2010 Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Influence of HLA-Bw4 Alleles Protective for HIV on NK Cell Polyfunctional Potential KAMYA P., Boulet, S., Tremblay, C., and Bernard, N. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 226 ,2010 1) Immune Deficiency Treatment Centre, Montreal General Hospital and Research Institute of the McGill University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 2) Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; 3) Canadian Cohort of HIV Infected Slow Progressors ------

HIV/Immunology

Pathogenic SIVmac251 Infection Induces a Striking Acute-Phase Systemic Cytokine Response Similar to That Observed in Acute HIV-1 Infection KEATING S., Heitman, J., Stacey, A., Zahn, R., de la, Rosa M., Jinyan, Liu, Finstad Persephone, Borrow S., Barouch, D., Letvin, N., Schmitz, J., and Norris, P. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 229 ,2010 Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology Blood Systems Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, CA, 94118, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Genetic Determinants of HIV-1 Infection and Progression to AIDS: Indian Experience KAUR G., Sharma, G., Vajpayee, M., and Mehra, N. ,Florence; Italy, P372 ,2010 All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India ------

HIV/Immunology

Systemic Cytokine Levels Correlate With Disease Outcome in Chronic HIV Infection KEATING S., Golub, E., Heitman, J., Lebedeva, M., Jinbing, Zhang, Greenblatt, R., Desai, S., Landay, A., Gange, S., and Norris, P. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 322 ,2010 1) Blood Systems Research Institute; 2) University of California, San Francisco, CA; 3) Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD; 4) Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL ------

HIV/Immunology

Immunoregulatory Properties of HLA-G in HIV-1 Infection JINGHE HUANG, Burke, P., Thai, Cung, Seiss, K., Beamon, J., Pereyra, F., Allen, R., Lichterfeld, M., and Yu, X. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 231 ,2010 1) Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; 2) Boston Biomedical Research Institute, Watertown, MA, USA; 3) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA; 4) University of London, St. George Medical School, London, UK; 5) Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

HLA B *08 FLK T Cell Clones From Chronic HIV Infection With the Same T Cell Receptor Have Unique Polyfunctional Cytokine Profiles GLANVILLE J., Ragoussis, loannis, Rowland-Jones, S., McMichael, A., and Tao, Dong ,Banff, AB; Canada, 211 ,2010 MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 9DS, UK ------

HIV/Immunology

CD4 Naïve Phenotype T Cells Are Recruited into the Proliferating T Cell Pool Mainly As a Homeostatic Response to HIV Induced CD4 T Cell Depletion FRIESEN T., Wilhelm, C., Proschan, M., Hurley, A., Tcheung, L., Adelsberger, J., Baseler, M., Maldarelli, F., Davey, R., Roby, G., Rehm, C., Lane, C., and Catalfamo, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 151 ,2010 1) CMRS/ Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; 2) Biostatistics Research Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA; 3) ScienceApplications International Corporation, Frederick, MD, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Analysis of T-Cell Subsets by the FluoroSpot Assay GELIUS E., Axelsson, B., Zuber, B., Hallengärd, D., Mömer, A., Ernemar, T., Andersson, P., Fohlstedt, J., and Ahlborg, N. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 452 ,2010 1) Mabtech, Nacka Strand, Sweden; 2) Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Stockholm, Sweden ------

HIV/Immunology

HIV Disease Progression in Early Infection Varies by Infecting HIV-1 Subtype in Sub Saharan Africa GILMOUR J., Kamali, A., Karita, E., Lakhi, S., Sanders, E., Kaleebu, P., Anzala, O., Rida, W., Price, M., Amornkul, P., Cormier, E., and IAVI Early Infection Cohort Study Group ,Banff, AB; Canada, 158 ,2010 1) Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute, Masaka and Entebbe; 2) Rwanda Zambia HIV Research Group, Kigali, Lusaka and Copperbelt; 3) Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Nairobi; 4) Center for Geographic Medicine-Coast, Kilifi; 5) Oxford University, UK; 6) Desmond Tutu HIV Foundation, University of Cape Town, South Africa; 7) International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY, US; 8) International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya; 9) International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Johannesburg, South Africa; 10) International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 11) International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New Delhi, India; 12) Contract Laboratory Services, Johannesburg, South Africa; 13) Biostatistics Consultant, Arlington, VA, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

Yeast-Elicited Cross-Reactive Antibodies to HIV Env Glycans Recognize Monomeric Gp120 but Bind Trimeric Env Poorly GRAWAL-GAMSE C., Luallen, R., Yu, Geng, and Doms, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 104 ,2010 1) Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; 2) ProSci, Inc., Poway, CA ------

HIV/Immunology

Differential MHC Class I Allele Expression in Distinct Lymphocyte Subsets GREENE J., Wiseman, R., Lank, S., Burwitz, B., Lhost, J., and O'Connor, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 213 ,2010 1) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA; 2) Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of

Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53715, USA ------

HIV/Immunology

HIV-1 Replication Activates CD4+T Cells With Specificities for Persistent Herpes Viruses HAAS A., Rehr, M., Graw, F., Rusert, P., Bossart, W., Kuster, H., Trkola, A., Gonthard, H., and Oxenius, A. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 217 ,2010 1) Institute of Microbiology, Zurich, Switzerland; 2) Institute of Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 3) Institute of Medical Virology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; 4) Division of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland ------

Pathology

Fungal Infections in Hiv Infected Patients NILIMA K., Thanki, C., Frunza, S., Brad, G., Popoiu, C., Frunza, F., Popoiu, A., Pakai, R., Gafencu, M., Kundnani, L., and Shalini, B. ,Nice; France ,2010 1) Timisoara, Romania; 2) Ahemdabad; 3) Vadodara, India ------

HIV/Pathology

Increased Cholesteryl Ester in HDL Along With Increased Triglyceride in HDL and LDL of HIV Patients Suggests That a Defect in Reverse Cholesterol Transport Contributes to HIV Dyslipedemia GILLARD B., Raya, J., Coraza, I., Villanueva, J., Scott, L., Kamble, S., Sekhar, R., Balasubramanyam, A., and Pownall, H. ,San Francisco, CA; USA, P123 ,2010 Baylor Coll of Med, Houston, TX ------

Recommendations & Policies

Review of the Revisions to the World Health Organization (WHO) Guidelines for Antiretroviral Treatment MOSS A. ,Galveston, TX; USA, S-79 ,2010 University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas ------

Vaccines, clinical

Screening for Help: CD4 T Cells in the Step Trial PEUT V., DeRosa, S., Frahm, N., and McElrath, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 336 ,2010 Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; HIV Vaccine Trials Network ------

HIV/Vaccines, clinical

HIV-1 Subtype Distribution in HIV-1 Positive Volunteers Prior and During the Phase III Prime-Boost HIV-1 Vaccine Trial in Thailand (RV144) TOVANABUTRA S., Kijak, G., Arroyo, M., Rerks-Ngarm, S., Nitayaphan, S., deSouza, M., Sanders-Buell, E., Bose, M., Assawadarachai, V., Rutvisuttinunt, W., Pitisuttithum, P., Chiu, J., Paris, R., Robb, M., Birx, D., McCutchan, F., Michael, N., and Kim, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 429 ,2010 1) MHRP, Rockville, MD,, USA; 2) AFRIMS, Bangkok, Thailand; 3) MOPH, Thailand; 4) Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 5) MOPH-TAVEG Investigators ------

RV 144 Update: Vaccination With ALVAC and AIDSVAX to Prevent HIV-1 Infection in Thai Adults RERKS-NGARM S., Pittisutthithum, P., Nitayaphan, S., Kaewkungwal, J., Chiu, J., Paris, R., Premsri, N., Namwat, C., de, Souza M., Adams, E., Benenson, M., Gurunathan, S., Tartaglia, J., McNeil, J., Francis, D., Stablein, D., Birx, D., Chunsuttiwat, S., Khamboonruang, C., Thongcharoen, P., Robb, M., Michael, N., Kunasol, P., Kim, J., and MOPH-TAVEG, collaborators ,Banff, AB; Canada, 360 ,2010 Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health (MOPH), Thailand; Vaccine Trials Centre, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand; Thai Component, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Thailand; Data Management Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Thailand; U.S. Army Medical Component, AFRIMS, Thailand; Division of AIDS, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), USA; sanofi pasteur, Swiftwater, PA, USA; Global Solutions for Infectious Diseases (GSID), S. San Francisco, CA, USA; EMMES Corporation, Rockville, MD, USA; Global AIDS Program, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, USA ------

Serological Immunity to Adenovirus Serotype 5 Is Not Associated With Risk of HIV Infection CURLIN M., Cassis-Ghavami, F., Magaret, A., Spies, G., Duerr, A., Celum, C., Sanchez, J., Margolick, J., Detels, R., McElrath, M., and Corey, L. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 136 ,2010 1) University of Washington; 2) Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center; 3) Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación, Peru; 4) Johns Hopkins University; 5) University of California Los Angeles; 6) Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study ------

Immunogenicity of the Thai Phase III (RV144) HIV Vaccine Regimen DE SOUZA M., Trichavaroj, R., Schuetz, A., Chuenarom, W., Phuang-ngern, Y., Jongrakthaitae, S., Ratto-Kim, S., Nitayaphan, S., Dally, L., Rerks-Ngarm, S., Michael, N., Paris, R., Marovich, M., Currier, J., and Kim, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 159 ,2010 1) U.S. Military HIV Research Program (MHRP)/Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; 2) MHRP, Rockville, MD, USA; 3) The Emmes Corporation, Rockville, MD, USA; 4) Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok, Thailand ------

Increased HIV-Specific Immunity in HIV-Infected Individuals Vaccinated With a DNA Prime, RAd5 Boost Regimen CASAZZA J., Bowman, K., Ambrozak, D., Gordon, I., Roederer, M., Patterson, E., Stone, H., Enama, M., Nason, M., Ledgerwood, J., Graham, B., and Koup, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 122 ,2010 Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD ------

Population Epitope Maps of the Step and HVTN 054 HIV Vaccine Trials Reveal Vaccine-Induced Epitope Hotspots HERTZ T., Frahm, N., Horton, H., Friedrich, D., Corey, L., Self, S., Gilbert, P., Buchbinder, S., McElrath, M., and NIAID HIV Vaccine Trials Network (HVTN) ,Banff, AB; Canada, 214 ,2010 1) Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and University of Washington, Seattle, WA; 2) Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA; 3) University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA ------

Induction of Viral Inhibition in Clinical HIV Vaccine Trials of Diverse Immunogens HAYES P., Bergin, P., Spentzou, A., Cashin-Cox, M., Gill, D., Karita, E., Jaoko, W., Graham, B., Pitisuttithum, P., Nitayaphan, S., Kim, J., Fast, P., Cox, J., de, Souza M., and Gilmour, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 155 ,2010 1) International AIDS Vaccine Initiative (IAVI) Human Immunology Laboratory, Imperial College, London, UK; 2) Project San Francisco, Kigali, Rwanda; 3) Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative, Nairobi, Kenya; 4) Dale and Betty Bumpers Vaccine Research Center, Bethesda, USA; 5) Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; 6) Department of Retrovirology, Armed Forces Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand; 7) Department of Retrovirology, Military HIV Research Program, Rockville, MD, USA; 8) Research and Development, IAVI, New York, USA ------

Comparison of T Cell Responses Elicited Bv CD40L Adjuvanted ALVAC Prime- Boost and DNA Prime-ALVAC Boost HIV-1 Vaccine Regimen JUN LIU, Bozorgz, A., Chang, M., Yue, F., and Ostrowksi, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 246 ,2010 1) Clinical Sciences Division; 2) Department of Immunology; 3) Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto ------

Vaccines, research

Systemic Innate Immune Responses to a DNA/MVA Candidate HIV Vaccine NDERSEN-NISSEN E., Zak, D., Krishnamurty, A., Chang, J., Sato, A., Elizaga, M., Robinson, H., Goepfert, P., Aderem, A., McElrath, M., and NIAID HIV Vaccine Trials Network( ,Banff, AB; Canada, 108 ,2010 1) Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center (FHCRC), Seattle, WA 98109; 2) Institute for Systems Biology, Seattle, WA; 3) Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, FHCRC, Seattle, WA; 4) HIV Vaccine Trials Network, FHCRC, Seattle, WA; 5) Geovax Labs Inc., Smyrna, GA; 6) Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35924 ------

Glucopyranosyl Lipid A (GLA), a Synthetic TLR4 Vaccine Adjuvant, Induces Potent Th1-Promoting Immune Responses MOUTAFTSI M., Bertholet, S., Vedvick, T., Guderian, J., Baldwin, S., Wndish, H., Coler, R., and Reed, S. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 313 ,2010 1) Infectious Disease Research Institute, Seattle, USA; 2) Immune Design Corp, Seattle, USA ------

HIV Subtype A and B Vaccines Based on Envelope Quasispecies PISSANI F., Malherbe, D., Beckett, T., Stamatatos, L., Overbauqh, J., Robins, H., and Haiqwood, N. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 337 ,2010 1) Departments of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, OHSU; 2) Pathobiology & Immunology, ONPRC, Portland, OR 97006; 3) Seattle Biomedical Research Institute; 4) Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle WA, USA ------

Transient but Recurrent CD4+ T Cell Activation, Hexon-Specific T Cell Immunity and Neutralizing Antibody Responses After Ad5 Infection of Rhesus Macaques QURESHI H., Genescà, M., Fritts, L., Jun, Li, Casimiro, D., Shiver, J., Robertson, M., Bett, A., DiPasquale, J., Robert-Guroff, M., McChesney, M., and Miller, C. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 364 ,2010 1) Center for Comparative Medicine, Davis, CA.; 2) California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA.; 3) Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA; 4) National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Vaccine Branch, Bethesda, MD ------

Enhanced Expression of HIV Antigens and Improved Antigen Presentation After Infection With Replication Competent Attenuated Vaccinia Virus in Vitro QUAKKELAAR E., Redeker, A., Loof, N., Perdiguero, B., Heinen, P., Esteban, M., Kibler, K., Jacobs, B., Harari, A., Pantaleo, G., and Melief, C. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 342 ,2010 1) dept of IHB, LUMC, Leiden, the Netherlands; 2) CNB, CSIC, Madrid, Spain; 3) Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA; 4) div of Immunology and Allergy, CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland ------

A DNA Vaccine Encoding Conserved HIV CD4 Epitopes Induces Broad and Polyfunctional Responses in BALB/c and HLA Class II-Transgenic Mice PEREIRA RIBEIRO S., Santoro, Rosa D., Gonçalves, Fonseca S., Conti, Mairena E., Postól, E., Oliveira, S., Guilherme, L., Kalil, J., and Cunha-Neto, E. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 346 ,2010 1) Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine; 2) Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine; 3) Institute for Investigation in Immunology-INCT, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 4) Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil ------

Vaccine-Elicited Non-Neutralizing Envelope Antibodies in Sera and Mucosal Secretions Contribute to Protection Against SHIV89.6Pin Rhesus Macaques PENG XIAO, Jun, Zhao, Patterson, L., Brocca-Cofano, E., Venzon, D., Hidajat, R., Demberg, T., and Robert-Guroff, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 444 ,2010 1) Vaccine Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892; 2) Biostatistics and Data Management Section, NIH, NCI, Bethesda, MD 20892 ------

GB Virus C Envelope Protein E2 Elicits Antibodies That React With a Conserved Antigen on HIV-1 Particles and That Broadly Neutralize HIV-1 Infectivity MOHR E., Jinhua, Xiang, McLinden, J., Kaufman, T., Qing, Chang, Klinzman, D., and Stapleton, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 309 ,2010 University of Iowa ------

Prevention of Systemic Infection by a Multigenic Recombinant Protein Vaccine After Heterologous R5 Clade C SHIV Challenge: Correlates of Protection LAKHASHE S., Wang, W., Siddappa, N., Hu, S., Villinger, F., Else, J., Ruprecht, R., and Rasmussen, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 366 ,2010 1) Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard University Medical Center, Boston, MA, 02115; 2) University of Washington, Seattle, WA; 3) Yerkes

National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA ------

Engineering the CD4+ T-Cell Response for Improved Immunity LANDRY S., Kalaya, Steede N., Hossain, M., and Robinson, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 241 ,2010 Tulane University Health Sciences Center ------

Lentiviral Vector-Based Anti-HIV-1 Vaccination in Macaques Induces Strong T- Cell and Antibody Responses Post-Immunization, Significant Recall Responses Post-SIVmac251 Challenge and Controls Viral Replication During Setpoint and Chronic Phases LEMIALE F., Cristillo, A., Shovlin, L., Morrow, M., Korokhov, N., Weiner, D., and Humeau, L. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 243 ,2010 1) VIRxSYS Corporation, Gaithersburg, MD20877; 2) Advanced Biosciences Laboratories, Kensington, MD 20895; 3) University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia PA 19104 ------

Future Directions in AIDS Vaccine Development KOFF W. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 024 ,2010 Research & Development, International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY 10038, USA ------

Electroporation of an HIV-1 DNA Vaccine Based on an Alphavirus Replicon Vector Has a Dose-Sparing Effect KNUDSEN M., Ljungberg, K., Hanke, T., and Liljeström, P. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 234 ,2010 1) Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77 Stockholm, Sweden; 2) MRC Human Immunology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, The John Radcliffe, Oxford OX3 9DS, United Kingdom ------

Conserved Elements Vaccine for HIV-1 P24gag Is Immunogenic in Mice and Macaques KULKARNI V., Yan, J., Rolland, M., Le, Gall S., Mothe, B., Ganneru, B., Patel, V., Zhang, G., Rosati, M., Valentin, A., Pankhong, P., Elliott, S., Harris, A., Manocheewa, S., Sardesai, N., Weiner, D., Brander, C., Pavlakis, G., Felber, B., and Mullins, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 238 ,2010 1) NCI, Frederick, MD; 2) Univ. of Penn., Philadelphia, PA; 3) Univ. of Wash., Seattle, WA; 4) Ragon Inst., Boston, MA; 5) IrsiCaixa-HIVACAT, Barcelona, SPAIN; 6) Inovio Biomedical Corp., Blue Bell, PA ------

Enhanced Level and Quality of Memory T Cells Elicited by a Replicating Ad- HIVenv and -HIVtat Prime/Protein Boost Regimen Compared to Tat- or Env-Only Regimens KUATE S., Demberg, T., McKinnon, K., Srivastava, I., DiPasquale, J., Hidaiat, R., Patterson, L., Barnett, S., and Robert-Guroff, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 237 ,2010 1) Vaccine Branch, NCI, Bethesda, MD; 2) Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, MA ------

Vaccine Antigen Designs to Address HIV Variability KORBER B. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 026 ,2010 T6, Theoretical Biology, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA ------

RAd Prime/RLCMV Boost Vaccination Induces Long-Lasting HIV-1 Specific Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Mice LINGSHU WANG, Cheng, Cheng, Ko, S., Kong, W., Flatz, L., Schwartz, R., Gall, J., and Nabel, G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 438 ,2010 1) Vaccine Research Center, NIAID/NIH, 40 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892; 2) GenVec, Inc, 65 West Watkins Mill Road, Gaithersburg, MD 20878 ------

Cytotoxic Capacity of SIV-Specific-CD8+T Cells From SIV-Infected Rhesus Macaques Measured Against Primary Autologous CD4+T Cells MENDOZA D., Migueles, S., Rood, J., Franchini, G., Schneider, D., Trivett, M., Trubev, C., Coalter, V., Lifson, J., and Connors, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 306 ,2010 1) HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID/NIH; 2) Vaccine Branch, NCI/NIH Bethesda, MD 20892; 3) AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick, MD 21702 ------

Vaccine Design: Lessons From Acute HIV-1 Infection MCMICHAEL A., Goonetilleke, N., Liu, M., Borrow, P., Gray, C., Ferrari, G., Tomaras, G., Shaw, G., Hahn, B., Feng, Gao, Korber, B., Perelson, A., Letvin, N., Cohen, M., and Haynes, B. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 007 ,2010 1) Oxford University; 2) National Institute for Communicable Diseases Johannesburg; 3) Duke University; 4) University of Alabama at Birmingham; 5) Los Alamos National Laboratory; 6) Harvard University; 7) University of North Carolina Chapel Hill ------

GB Virus C Envelope Protein E2 Elicits Polyvalent Antibodies That Cross-React With HIV-1 Gp41 MPER (T-20) and Lipids MCLINDEN J., Jinhua, Xiang, Mohr, E., Kaufman, T., Qing, Chang, and Stapleton, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 415 ,2010 ------

Cross-Reactive Anti-HIV Neutralizing Antibody Responses During Acute / Early HIV Infection MIKELL I., Altfeld, M., Alter, G., and Stamatatos, L. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 361 ,2010 1) Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA98109; 2) Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109; 3) Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Boston, MA02114 ------

Adjuvant Effect on the Induction of Glycan-Specific Antibodies Against HIV Env Using Single Yeast Glycoproteins LUALLEN R., Hu, Fu, Bingfen, Liu, Doms, R., and Yu, Geng ,Banff, AB; Canada, 250 ,2010 1) ProSci Inc., Poway, CA; 2) Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA ------

HIV Fragment Vaccine Induces Broader T Cell Response in Mice LIU YE, Li, fusheng, Liu, yong, Hong, kunxue, Meng, xin, Chen, jianping, Sun, maosheng, Self, S., and Shao, yiming ,Banff, AB; Canada, 248 ,2010 1) State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Center for AIDS/STD Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; 2) Statistical Center for HIV/AIDS Research and Prevention, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, 1100 Fairview Avenue N, Seattle, WA98109, USA; 3) Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China ------

The Antiviral Efficacy of HIV-Specific CD8+ Tcells to a Conserved Epitope Is Heavily Dependent on the Infecting HIV-1 Isolate RANASINAHE S., Kramer, H., Wright, C., Kessler, B., de, Gleria K., Zhang, Y., Gillespie, G., Blais, M., Pichulik, T., Simmons, A., Rowland-Jones, S., McMichael, A., and Dona, T. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 344 ,2010 Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K ------

HIV/SIV Vaccine Efficacy Dependent on the Dose of SIVmac251 Challenge Exposure in Macaques VACCARI M., Hryniewicz, A., Doster, M., Tsai, W., Venzon, D., Fenizia, C., Morgan, T., Poonam, P., Pavlakis, G., Felber, B., and Fmnchini, G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 431 ,2010 1) Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section; 2) Biostatistics and Data Management Section, NCI, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; 3) Human Retrovirus Section, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201; 4) Human Retrovirus Pathogenesis Section, NCI-Frederick, NIH, Frederick, Maryland 21702-1201 ------

TSLP, a Promising New Mucosal Adjuvant for Intranasal Immunisation With Gp140 VAN ROEY G., Arias, M., Tregoning, J., and Shattock, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 434 ,2010 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St George's University of London, London SW17 ORE, UK ------

Innate and Adaptive Immune Correlates of Vaccine-Induced Control of Mucosal Transmission of SIV in Macaques YONGJUN SUI, Qing, Zhu, Gagnon, S., Dzutsev, A., Terabe, M., Vaccari, M., Venzon, D., Klinman, D., Strober, W., Kelsall, B., Franchini, G., Belvakov, laor M., and Berzofsky, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 114 ,2010 1) Vaccine Branch, Bethesda, MD 20892; 2) Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892; 3) Laboratory of Host Defenses, Bethesda, MD 20892; 4) Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892 ------

Deciphering HIV Epitope Production: Implications for Immunogen Design ZHANG S., Lazaro, E., Zhang, M., and Le, Gall S. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 015 ,2010 Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA 02129, USA ------

Biochemical, Biophysical Characterization and Immunogenicity of HIV Envelopes Derived From Clade C Primary Early Isolates ZAMBONELLI C., Dubey, A., Nandi, A., Matsuoka, K., Hartog, K., Wininger, M., Smith, L., Dey, A., Franti, M., Barnett, S., and Srivastava, I. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 448 ,2010 1) Protein Biochemistry, Cambridge, MA 02139; 2) Molecular Microbial Biology, Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, 350 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139 ------

AS01, an Adjuvant System Potentiating Vaccines Against Complex Pathogens VOSS G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 025 ,2010 GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium ------

The Effect of Vaccine-Induced SIV-Specific Immune Response on Viral Acquisition and Replication WATKINS D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 028 ,2010 1) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 2) Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin ------

Oral Vaccination With Lipid Vehicle-Entrapped Multivalent HIV Peptides Enhances Specific Immune Responses SAAD A., Sirskgj, D., Le, T., Anderson, D., Torres, J., Kumar, A., az-Mitoma, F., and Azizi, A. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 111 ,2010 1) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine & Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; 2) Vaccine Research Center, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada; 3) Variation Biotechnologies Inc, Ottawa, Canada; 4) Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, USA ------

VSV Vectors Expressing Chimeric SIV Envelope Proteins Direct Antibody Response Against Gp41 SCHELL J., Buonocore-Buzzelli, L., and Rose, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 402 ,2010 Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA ------

Macaques Vaccinated With SlVmac239?Nef Delay Acquisition and Control Replication After Repeated Low Dose Heterologous SIV Challenge REYNOLDS M., Weiler, A., Piaskouwski, S., Kolar, H., Weiker, M., Weisgrau, K., MakouVSky, R., McDermott, A., Boyle, R., Allison, D., Wilson, N., Koff, W., and Watkins, D.

,Banff, AB; Canada, 345 ,2010 1) AIDS Vaccine Research Laboratory, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, 53711, USA; 2) lnternationalAIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, New York 10038, USA; 3) Department of Biostatistics, Section on Statistical Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA; 4) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin, 53711, USA ------

Strong Protection Against SIVsmE660 Mucosal Challenge Conferred by a Novel, Heterologous, Prime-Boost Vaccine Regimen ROSE N., Diller, K., Buonocore, L., Schell, J., Bahl, K., Hunter, M., Manc, P., Montefiori, D., Johnson, P., and Rose, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 350 ,2010 1) Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT; 2) Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA; 3) Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; 4) University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine ------

HIV-Specific Antibodies Mediate Rapid Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity Against Primary HIV-Infected CD4+ T Cells SMALLS-MANTEY A., Klein, R., Doria-Rose, N., Laub, L., Rood, J., Migueles, S., and Connors, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 412 ,2010 HIV-Specific Immunity Section, Laboratory of Immunoregulation, NIAID/NIH, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA ------

HIV-1 Epidemic in India: Deciding the Decisive Lmmunogenetic Correlates for Designing Vaccine Strategies SHARMA G., Kaur, G., Singh, P., Vajpayee, M., Sharma, S., and Mehra, N. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 406 ,2010 1) Department of Transplant Immunology and Immunogenetics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India; 2) Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi-110029, India; 3) Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi- 110029, India ------

Characterization of Neutralizing Quaternary Epitope Exposure on Soluble HIV-1 Env Constructs DAVENPORT T., Robinson, J., and Stamatatos, L. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 137 ,2010 1) Pathobiology Program, Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA; 2) Department of Pediatrics, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, 70012, USA ------

HIV-1 Peptides Expressed by Recombinant Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Activate Natural Killer Cells Capable of Controlling HIV Infection in Dendritic Cells In Vitro CUMMINGS J., Arnold, V., Yarbrough, K., Didier, C., Levy, Y., Barré-Sinoussi, F., and Scott- Algara, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 134 ,2010 ANRS HIV Vaccine Group. Unité de Régulation des Infections Rétrovirales, Institut Pasteur, Paris, 75724, France ------

Induction of Distinct Clonotypes by Overlapping HLA-A2-Restricted HIV Gag- Epitopes May Contribute to Their Subdominant Status COSTANZO M., Li, Jinzhu, Salkowitz, J., Sidney, J., Sette, A., Ng, Hwee L., Yang, O., Ayyavoo, V., Price, D., Bansal, A., Goepfert, P., and Kan-Mitchell, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 131 ,2010 1) University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX; 2) The La Jolla Institute for Allergy and Immunology, La Jolla, CA; 3) University of California LosAngeles, LosAngeles, CA; 4) University of Pittsburg, Pittsburg, PA; 5) Department of Medical Biochemistry and Immunology, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, Wales, UK; 6) University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL ------

Targeting HIV Peptides to HIV Patient Dendritic Cells Via CD40 Elicits Expansion of Multi-Epitope Polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+T Cells FLAMAR A., Yaming, Xue, Zurawski, S., Montes, M., Bryan, King, Sloan, L., Levy, Y., Banchereau, J., and Zurawski, G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 148 ,2010 Baylor Institute for Immunology INSERM U899 - Center for Human Vaccines, Dallas Texas, 75204, USA; INSERM U841, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, 94010, France; ANRS Vaccine Programme, France ------

Live Attenuated SIV: Characterising the Role of Vaccine Persistence in Protection BERKHOUT B. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 112 ,2010 Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands ------

Complement As an Endogenous Adjuvant for Dendritic Cell-Mediated Induction of Retrovirus-Specific CTLs BÁNKI Z., Posch, W., Ejaz, A., Oberhauser, V., Stoiber, H., Dittmer, U., Dierich, M., Hasenkrug, K., and Wilflingseder, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 449 ,2010 1) Department of Hygiene, Microbiology and Social Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria; 2) Institute of Virology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany; 3) Laboratory of Persistent Viral Diseases, Rocky Mountain Laboratories, Hamilton, MT, USA ------

Enhanced Mucosal and Systemic Humoral Responses Following Intranasal Immunization With HIV-1 Gp140 Combined With TLR-4 and Chitosan Adjuvants ARIAS M., Van, Roey G., Tregoning, J., and Shattock, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 110 ,2010 Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St George's University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK ------

Isolation of Cross-Clade HIV-Neutralizing Human Antibodies From Memory B Cell Repertoires Using Short Term Culture and High-Throughput Primary Neutralization Screens CHAN-HUI P., Wrin, T., Simek, M., Phogat, S., Olsen, O., Hammond, P., Poignard, P., Walker, L., Mitcham, J., Fling, S., Team, P., Burton, D., and Moyle, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 127 ,2010 1) Theraclone Sciences Inc., Seattle, WA 98104; 2) Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, CA 94080; 3) International AIDS Vaccine Initiative, New York, NY 10038; 4) The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037 ------

A High Throughput Screen for Small Molecule Haptens Binding to an HIV-1 Neutralizing Antibody Yields Vaccine Leads CAULFIELD M., Dudkin, V., Ottinger, E., Getty, K., Zuck, P., Kaufhold, R., Hepler, R., McGaughey, G., Citron, M., Hrin, R., Wang, Y., Miller, M., and Jovce, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 124 ,2010 1) Department of Vaccine Basic Research; Merck Research Labs, West Point, PA 19486; 2) Department of Medicinal Chemistry; Merck Research Labs, West Point, PA 19486; 3) Department of Automated Biotechnology; Merck Research Labs, West Point, PA 19486; 4) Department of Chemistry Modeling and Informatics; Merck Research Labs, West Point, PA 19486; 5) Department of Antiviral Research; Merck Research Labs, West Point, PA 19486 ------

Comparison of Intravenous and Low-Dose Rectal SIVmac251 Challenge Models in the Setting of Adenovirus-Based Immunization BOLTON D., Kaimei, Song, Kozlowski, P., Keele, B., Rao, S., and Roederer, M. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 117 ,2010 1) ImmunoTechnoloqy Section, Vaccine Research Center (VRC), NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892; 2) Gene Therapy Program, LSU Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70012; 3) AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, SAIC-Frederick / NCI-Frederick, Frederick, MD 21702; 4) Laboratory Animal Medicine, VRC ------

Recombinant Yellow Fever Vaccine Virus 17D Expressing SlVmac239 Gag Induces SIV-Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses in Rhesus Macaques BONALDO M., Martins, M., Rudersdorf, R., Mudd, P., Sacha, J., Piaskowski, S., Costa, Neves P., Veloso de, Santana M., Vojnov, L., Capuano, S., Rakasz, E., Wilson, N., Fulkerson, J., Sadoff, J., Watkins, D., and Galler, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 303 ,2010 1) Laboratorio de Biologia Molecular de Flavivírus, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz - FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; 2) Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 3) Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin; 4) Aeras Global TB Vaccine Foundation, Rockville, MD; 5) Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiologicos, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil ------

HIV-1 Envelope-CD4 Receptor Complexes Elicit Broad T- and Bcell Immune Responses As Well As Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Antibodies in Rhesus Macaques BOCRERS W., Davis, D., Mooij, P., Koopman, G., Verschoor, E., Martin, G., Martin, L., Pei- Jen, Lai R., Dey, A., Yide, Sun, Siddappa, N., Ruprecht, R., Montefiori, D., Burke, B., Srivastava, I., Heenev, J., and Barnett, S. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 162 ,2010 1) BPRC, Rijswijk, The Netherlands; 2) CEA, Gif sur Yvette, France; 3) University Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; 4) Novartis, Cambridge, USA; 5) Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, USA; 6) Duke University, Durham, USA ------

Ultra-Deep Sequencing During Acute HIV Infection Reveals the Earliest Adaptive Changes to Host Selection Pressures HENN M., Lennon, N., Jessen, H., Nusbaum, C., Altfeld, M., Birren, B., Walker, B., Allen, T., Boutwell, C., Malboeuf, C., Power, K., Casali, M., Charlebois, P., Berlin, A., Macalalad, A., Gladden, A., Levin, J., Ryan, E., Phillips, L., Erlich, R., Young, S., Green, L., Kemper, M., Axten, K., Berical, A., Streeck, H., Yaoyu, Wang, Zedlack, C., Brumme, Z., Brumme, C., Russ, C., and Rosenberg, E. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 107 ,2010 1) Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA; 2) Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, USA; 3) HIV Clinic Praxis, Jessen, Berlin, Germany ------

Characterization of HIV Epitope-Specific CD8+ T Cell Clonal Repertoires After Vaccination HILL B., Darrah, P., Ende, Z., Ambrozak, D., Brenchley, J., Venturi, V., Seder, R., and Douek, D. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 216 ,2010 1) George Washington Univeristy, Washington, DC; 2) National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Vaccine Research Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda MD 20892; 3) Immunopathogensis Unit, Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; 4) Center for Vascular Research, University of New South Wales, Kensington NSW 2052, Austrailia ------

Direct Comparison of Soluble Multimeric Forms of CD40L, CD27L, 4-1 BBL, and BAFF to IL-12 and IL-15 As HIV DNA Vaccine Adjuvants KANAGAVELU S., Termini, J., Liguo, Niu, Rivas, Y., Gupta, S., and Stone, G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 227 ,2010 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA ------

Characterization of Simian Adenoviruses As the Base for a New Generation OfAdenovirus Vaccine Vectors KAHL C., Mcvey, D., Limbach, P., Balsley, N., Fultz, M., Glenn, A., Grier, R., Hiriyanna, S., Hoffman, C., McCullough, T., Moore, V., Semenova, E., Shilpa, Vinod Kumar, Cheng, Cheng, Kong, W., Ko, S., Lingshu, Wang, Nabel, G., and Gall, J. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 153 ,2010 1) GenVec Inc, 65 W. Watkins Mill Road, Gaithersburg, MD; 2) Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD ------

Design of Improved CD4bs Mimetics for HIV-1 Immunization KASSLER K. and Sticht, H. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 228 ,2010 Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry, Friedrich- Alexander-Universität Erlangen- Nürnberg, Fahrstraße 17, 91054 Erlangen, Germany ------

Immunosafety Assessment of CD4 MAB-Based Bifunctional HIV Entry Inhibitor (CD4-BFFI) Using In Vitro Immunoassays KIRSCHENBAUM F., Bohini, S., Kropshofer, H., Cammack, N., Sankuratri, S., and Changhua, Ji ,San Francisco, CA; USA, 71 ,2010 1) Roche Palo Alto, Palo Alto, USA; 2) Roche Basel, Basel, Switzerland ------

Improved Immunogenicity Conferred by Activated but Not Resting Apoptotic Lymphocytes JOHANSSON U., BrÅve, A., Sköld, A., Sushil, Kumar Pathak, Walther-Jallow, L., Wahren, B., Hinkula, J., and Spetz, A.

,Banff, AB; Canada, 414 ,2010 1) Center for Infectious Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 2) Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; 3) Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Linkoping University, Linkoping, Sweden ------

Comparison of Antibody Responses Induced by a Virus-Like Particle-Based Vaccine Upon Intramuscular, Pulmonary, and Vaginal Delivery HUNTER Z., Smyth, H., Durfee, P., and Chackerian, B. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 48.14 ,2010 1) Biomedical Sciences Dept. of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States; 2) University of Texas, Austin, TX, United States ------

Novel VLPs Rapidly Induce High Titer Neutralizing Antibodies When Combined With DNA Vaccines in Rabbits JAWORSKI J., Kovarik, D., Malherbe, D., Brewer, Z., Doria-Rose, N., De, Berardinis P., Caivano, A., and Haigwood, N. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 207 ,2010 1) Oregon National Primate Research Center, OHSU, Beaverton, OR 97006; 2) MCB Program, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; 3) Seattle Biomedical Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98109; 4) Institute for Protein Biochemistry, Naples, Italy ------

Comparative Analysis of Rare Adenovirus Serotypes and Their Effects on Human Dendritic Cells JOHNSON M., Petrovas, C., Santos, K., Prabhakar, R., Prout, T., Gall, J., Adams, W., Lore, K., Goulet, J., Haddad, E., Sekaly, R., and Koup, R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 221 ,2010 Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD; GenVec Inc., Gaithersburg, MD; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada ------

Antibodies Elicited by a Heterologous Glycoprotein Mediate a Broad Neutralization of HIV JUNG S., Wend, H., Donhauser, N., Eißmann, K., Fleckenstein, B., and Reil, H. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 225 ,2010

University of Erlangen, Department of Virology, Erlangen, Germany ------

Lessons Learned From Live Attenuated SIV JOHNSON R. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 008 ,2010 1) Division of Immunology, New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772; 2) Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard, and Infectious Disease Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02115 ------

Targeting the Vaginal Mucosa With Human Papilloma Virus Psudovirions Delivering SIV DNA Vaccines GORDON S., Kines, R., Kutsyna, G., Roberts, J., Fenizia, C., Hidajat, R., Cuburu, N., Buck, C., Bernardo, M., Robert, Guroff M., Graham, B., Lowy, D., Schiller, J., and Franchini, G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 202 ,2010 1) Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, MD 20892; 2) Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Vaccine Branch, MD 20892; 3) Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, MD 20892; 4) Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Bethesda, MD 20892; 5) Science Applications International Corporation (SAIC)-Frederick, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA ------

NSG-Hu Mice Generate HIV Specific Human Immune Responses After Gp96 Vaccination GONZALEZ L., Strbo, N., and Podack, E. ,Baltimore, MD; USA, 46.14 ,2010 Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States ------

Immune Activation of Human and Macaque Dendritic Cells and Macrophages Upon Infection by HIV and Single Cycle SIV Viruses Encoding TRAF- Mediated Activation Domains GUNTA S., Termini, J., Liguo, Niu, Kanagavelu, S., Kornbluth, R., Evans, D., and Stone, G. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 205 ,2010 1) Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136; 2) Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92103; 3) New England Regional Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA

01772 ------

Virology

Molecular Epidemiology of the Transmission of HIV-1 Between Couples in the Central Area of Portugal MOTA V., Duque, V., Pereira-Vaz, J., Morais, C., Saraiva-da-Cunha, J., and Meliço-Silvestre, A. ,Sorrento; Italy, 81 ,2010 1) Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Lab Virologia, Coimbra, Portugal; 2) Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Serviço Infecciosas, Coimbra, Portugal ------

HIV/Virology

Study of the Mutations Associated to Integrase Inhibitor Resistance in Subtype B and Non-B Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 MONTAGNA C., Falasca, F., Russo, G., Bucci, M., Lichtner, M., Sanou, Sobze M., Graziano, F., Maida, P., Vullo, V., Antonelli, G., and Turriziani, O. ,Sorrento; Italy, 73 ,2010 1) Sapienza University of Rome, Experimental Medicine Virology section, Rome, Italy; 2) Sapienza University of Rome, Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Rome, Italy; 3) PIPAD, ONG, Dschang, Cameroon ------

HIV/Virology

Predictors of Immunological Failure Among Adult Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) at an HIV/AIDS Program in Uganda MUHUMUZA S., Ssempiira, J., Semitala, F., Namusobya, J., and Kamya, M. ,Sorrento; Italy, 56 ,2010 Makerere University, Mulago-Mbarara Joint AIDS, Kampala, Uganda ------

HIV/Virology

Diversity of HIV-1 Subtype C Strains Isolated in Romania: a Phylogenetic Analysis PARASCHIV S., Foley, B., Florea, D., and Otelea, D. ,Sorrento; Italy, 93 ,2010 1) National Institute for Infectious Diseases M. Bals, Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Bucharest, Romania; 2) HIV Databases, Los Alamos National Laboratory, LosAlamos, USA ------

HIV/Virology

Resistance Levels in Patients Failing Initial PI or NNRTI Combination Therapy in Greece PARASKEVIS D., Detsika, M., Magiorkinis, G., Zavitsanou, A., Magiorkinis, E., Lazanas, M., Chini, M., Paparizos, V., Kourkounti, A., Antoniadou, A., Poulakou, G., Sakka, V., Chrysos, G., Sotiropoulos, A., Sabatakou, H., Daikos, G., Psychogiou, M., Gargalianos, P., Kordossis, T., Skoutelis, A., Papastamopoulos, V., Georgiou, O., and Hatzakis, A. ,Sorrento; Italy, 80 ,2010 1) University of Athens Medical School, Hygiene Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, Athens, Greece; 2) Red Cross General Hospital, Infectious Diseases Unit, Athens, Greece; 3) University of Athens Medical School, "A. Syngros" General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 4) University of Athens Medical School, Attikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 5) Tzaneion General Hospital, Infectious Diseases Unit, Piraeus, Greece; 6) Hippokration General Hospital, Infectious Diseases Unit, Athens, Greece; 7) University of Athens Medical School, Propedeutic Medicine Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 8) University of Athens Medical School, "G. Gennimatas" General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 9) University of Athens Medical School, Pathophysiology Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece; 10) Evangelismos General Hospital, Infectious Diseases Unit, Athens, Greece ------

HIV/Virology

S/GSK1349572, a Next Generation Integrase Inhibitor (INI), Has Potential for a High Genetic Barrier to Resistance Based on in Vitro Passage Study KOBAYASHI M., Seki, T., Morimoto, C., Yoshinaga, T., Sato, A., Fujiwara, T., Johns, B., and Underwood, M. ,Sorrento; Italy, 31 ,2010 1) SHIONOGI & CO. LTD., Discovery Research Laboratories, Osaka, Japan; 2) SHIONOGI & CO. LTD., Pharmaceutical Development Division, Osaka, Japan; 3) GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Medicinal Chemistry, NC, USA; 4) GlaxoSmithKline Inc., Discovery Performance Unit, NC, USA ------

HIV/Virology

The Role of HIV Recombination In Shaping the Current HIV Epidemic MING ZHANG, Foley, B., Schultz, A., Macke, J., Bulla, I., Stanke, M., Morgenstern, B., Korber, B., and Leitner, T. ,Banff, AB; Canada, 160 ,2010 1) Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA; 2) University of Göttingen, 37077 Göttingen, Germany ------

HIV/Virology

Structure-Guided Approach for the Development of Molecular-Targeting Agents for AIDS Therapy MITSUYA H. ,Osaka; Japan, JS(JSCPT-JPS)-1-3 ,2010 Departments of Hematology, Rheumatology & Clinical Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Kumamoto University Graduate School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto 860-8556, Japan ------

HIV/Virology

Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 Subtypes Circulating in Russia Based on Analysis of Pol Sequences in Plasma Samples Collected in 2007- 2009 MARLOWE N., Swanson, P., Fang, L., Holzmaye, V., Smith, P., Bruce, R., Thamm, S., and Hackett, J. ,Sorrento; Italy, 77 ,2010 1) Celera, Research and Development, Alameda, USA; 2) Abbott Diagnostics, Emerging Pathogens and Virus Discovery, Abbott Park, USA; 3) Abbott GmbH & Co, Abbott Molecular Europe Middle East Africa and India, Vhiesbaden, Germany ------

HIV/Virology

Pyrosequencing of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase to Reveal Minority Populations of Resistant Virus Before Start of a NNRTI-Based Regimen VANDEKERCKHOVE L., Vandenbroucke, I., Van, Eygen, V, Winters, B., Vogelaers, D., Stuyver, L., and Verhofstede, C. ,Sorrento; Italy, 37 ,2010 1) University Hospital Ghent, General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Ghent, Belgium; 2) Virco, Virco, Mechelen, Belgium; 3) University Ghent, Aids Reference Laboratory, Ghent, Belgium ------

HIV/Virology

HIV-Infected Patients With Positive MT-2 Cultures May Need More Frequent Monitoring and/or HAART Initiation at Higher CD4 Counts VAN 'T WOUT A., van, Sighem A., Welkers, M., Maurer, I., Mangas-Ruiz, M., Harskamp- Holwerda, A., Prins, J., Brinkman, K., de, Wolf F., Kootstra, N., and Schuitemaker, H. ,Sorrento; Italy, 21 ,2010 1) Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2) Stichting HIV Monitoring, Research, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 3) Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Internal Medicine, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 4) Onze Lieve Vrouwe Gasthuis, Internal Medicine,

Amsterdam, The Netherlands ------

HIV/Virology

Detection of Predicted CXCR4-Using HIV-1 Variants in Longitudinally Obtained Paired Plasma and PBMC Samples Using 454-Sequencing VAN 'T WOUT A., Bunnik, E., Swenson, L., Dong, W., Schuitemaker, H., and Harrigan, P. ,Sorrento; Italy, 39 ,2010 1) Academic Medical Center University of Amsterdam, Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; 2) BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Research Labs, Vancouver, Canada ------

HIV/Virology

HIV-1 Integrase Mutation E157Q Has Low Impact on Integrase Inhibitor Resistance: a Case Report WIESMANN F., Braun, P., Van, Houtte M., Voigt, E., Ehret, R., Van, Wesenbeeck L., and Knechten, H. ,Sorrento; Italy, 33 ,2010 1) PZB Aachen, Department of HIV Research, Aachen, Germany; 2) Virco BVBA, Clinical Virology, Mechelen, Belgium; 3) Medical practice, Medical practice Cologne, Cologne, Germany ------

HIV/Virology

HIV Drug Resistance in Children With Treatment Failure to First-Line Regimens in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam VO THI T., Colby, D., Khanh, T., Viet, T., Doanh, L., Tho, N., Thuy, H., An, B., and Giang, L. ,Sorrento; Italy, 63 ,2010 1) Hospital for Tropical Diseases, HAIVN Project, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam; 2) Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, HAIVN Project in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam; 3) Pediatrics Hospital Number 1, Infectious Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam; 4) Pediatrics Hospital Number 2, Infectious Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam; 5) Harvard Medical School, HAIVN Project in Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam; 6) Tam Binh Orphanage, Infectious Diseases, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam; 7) Provincial AIDS Committee, Care and Treatment Unit, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam ------

HIV/Virology

Determinants of Virological Response to Raltegravir (RAL)-Containing Regimens and Prevalence of RAL-Resistance Associated Mutations at Failure in ARCA RUSCONI S., Vitiello, P., Adorni, F., Bruzzone, B., De, Luca A., Micheli, V., Meraviglia, P., Maserati, R., Di, Pietro M., Colao, G., Penco, G., Di, Biagio A., Punzi, G., Monno, L., and Zazzi, M. ,Sorrento; Italy, 27 ,2010 ------

HIV/Virology

Evaluation of Drug Resistance Among HIV-1 B, C and F Subtypes Drug-Treated Patients Followed in Central Italy SANTORO M., Alteri, C., Ronga, L., Flandre, F., Mercurio, F., D'Arrigo, R., Gori, C., Palamara, G., Bertoli, A., Forbic, F., Salpini, R., Stazi, F., Boumis, E., Tozzi, V., Visco- Comandini, U., Zaccarelli, M., Van, Houtte M., Pattery, T., Narciso, P., Antinori, A., Ceccherini-Silberstein, F., and Perno, C. ,Sorrento; Italy, 87 ,2010 1) University of Rome Tor Vergata, Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Sciences, Rome, Italy; 2) Hôpital Pitié-Salpetrière, Paris, France; 3) INMI L Spallanzani, Antiviral Drug Monitoring Unit, Rome, Italy; 4) IRCCS San Gallicano, Rome, Italy; 5) University Hospital Tor Vergata, Molecular Virology, Rome, Italy; 6) INMI L Spallanzani, Infectious Diseases Division, Rome, Italy; 7) Virco BVBA, Mechelen, Belgium ------

HIV/Virology

Characterisation of HIV-1 From Patients With Virological Failure to a Boosted Protease Inhibitor Regimen RATHCKE LILLEMARK M., Gerstoft, J., Obel, N., Kronborg, G., Pedersen, C., Bruun, Jørgensen L., Vasehus, Madsen T., and Katzenstein, T. ,Sorrento; Italy, 14 ,2010 1) Statens Serum Institut, Department of Virology, Copenhagen, Denmark; 2) University Hospital of Copenhagen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Copenhagen, Denmark; 3) University Hospital of Copenhagen, Department of Infectious Diseases, Hvidovre, Denmark; 4) Odense University Hospital, Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense, Denmark ------

HIV/Virology

Raltegravir Genetic Resistance Patterns in HIV-2 Infected Patients Failing Raltegravir-Containing Regimen ROGUEBERT B., Matheron, S., Bénard, A., Leleu, J., Tubiana, R., Karmochkine, M., Chêne, G., Damond, F., Brun-Vézinet, F., and Descamps, D. ,Sorrento; Italy, 99 ,2010

4) Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Infectious Diseases, Paris, France; 5) HEGP Hospital, Infectious Diseases, Paris, France; 6) French HIV-2 ANRS cohort CO5; 1) Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Virology, Paris, France; 2) Bichat-Claude Bernard Hospital, Infectious Diseases, Paris, France; 3) INSERM U593, Statistics, Bordeaux, France ------

HIV/Virology

Severe Immune Suppression in Patients Exclusively Infected With HIV-1 R5 Variants Is Associated With a Higher Net Charge in Gp120 Variable Regions SECLÉN E., González, M., Gonzalez-Lahoz, J., Soriano, V., and Poveda, E. ,Sorrento; Italy, 47 ,2010 Hospital Carlos III, Department of Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain ------

HIV/Virology

Consecutive Increase of HIV-1 Transmitted Drug Resistance Rate in Poland STANCZAK G., Stanczak, J., Firlag-Burkacka, E., Wiercinska-Drapalo, A., Dyda, T., Zabek, P., Cieply, J., and Horban, A. ,Sorrento; Italy, 72 ,2010 1) Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, Warsaw, Poland; 2) Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Outpatient Clinic, Warsaw, Poland; 3) Medical University of Warsaw, Infectious Diseases Department, Warsaw, Poland ------

HIV/Virology

HIV-1 Tropism and Drug Resistance Mutations in Subtype C-Infected Patients From KwaZulu Natal SINGH A., Sunpath, H., Page, T., Padayachi, N., Hiramen, K., Padayachi, N., Murphy, R., Coovadia, H., and Kuritzkes, D. ,Sorrento; Italy, 92 ,2010 1) University of Kwazulu Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, Durban, South Africa; 2) McCord Hospital, Durban, South Africa; 3) Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA; 4) University of Kwazulu Natal Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics and Child Heath, Durban, South Africa; 5) Harvard Medical School, Division of AIDS, Boston, USA ------

HIV/Virology

Primary Resistance to Maraviroc in a Large Set of V3 Sequences From Recent Seroconverters, Drug-Naïve, and Antiretroviral-Experienced HIV+ Patients SECLÉN E., González, M., Zahonero, N., Lapaz, M., Corral, A., Rodríguez, C., del, Romero J., Aguilera, A., De, Mendoza C., Soriano, V., and Poveda, E. ,Sorrento; Italy, 19 ,2010 1) Hospital Carlos III, Department of Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain; 2) Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Madrid, Spain; 3) Hospital CHUS-Conxo, Department of Microbiology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain ------

HIV/Virology

Polymorphisms in the Integrase Gene of Antiretroviral Therapy Naïve Patients Infected With HIV-1 Non-B Subtypes: The SnoB Study SIERRA S., Sichtig, N., Kaiser, R., Reuter, S., Bickel, M., Schülter, E., Altmann, A., Fätkenheuer, G., Dittmer, U., Pfister, H., and Esser, S. ,Sorrento; Italy, 36 ,2010 1) University of Cologne, Institute of Virology, Cologne, Germany; 2) University of Duesseldorf, Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Infectiology, Duesseldorf, Germany; 3) University of Frankfurt, Department of Internal Medicine II, Frankfurt, Germany; 4) Max Planck Institute for Informatics, The Computational Biology and Applied Algorithmics Department, Saarbruecken, Germany; 5) University of Cologne, Department of Internal Medicine I, Cologne, Germany; 6) University of Duisburg Essen, Institute of Virology, Essen, Germany; 7) University of Duisburg Essen, Department of Dermatology, Essen, Germany ------

HIV/Virology

Transmission of Drug Resistance, X4 Variants and Non-B Subtypes in a Large Cohort of HIV Recent Seroconverters in Spain DE MENDOZA C., Rodriguez, C., Aguilera, A., Gutierrez, F., Leiva, P., Eiros, J., Garcia, F., Caballero, E., Lapaz, M., and Soriano, V. ,Sorrento; Italy, 69 ,2010 1) Spanish HIV Seroconverter Study Group; 2) Hospital Carlos III, Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain; 3) Centro Sanitario Sandoval, Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain; 4) Hospital CONXO-CHUS, Microbiology, Santiago, Spain; 5) Hospital de Elche, Infectious Diseases, Elche, Spain; 6) Hospital de Central de Asturias, Microbiology, Oviedo, Spain; 7) Hospital Clinico, Microbiology, Valladolid, Spain; 8) Hospital Clinico, Microbiology, Granada, Spain; 9) Hospital Vall de Hebrón, Microbiology, Barcelona, Spain ------

HIV/Virology

Phylogenetic Analysis of HIV-1 B and Non-B Subtypes in Newly Diagnosed Individuals in Ireland DE GASCUN C., Regan, C., O'Halloran, J., Farrell, G., Coughlan, S., Powderly, W., Bergin, C., and Hall, W. ,Sorrento; Italy, 91 ,2010 1) University College Dublin, National Virus Reference Laboratory, Dublin, Ireland; 2) Mater Misericordiae Hospital, Infectious Diseases, Dublin, Ireland; 3) St James' Hospital, Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Dublin, Ireland; 4) University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland ------

HIV/Virology

Declining Prevalence of HIV 1 Transmitted Drug Resistance in Ireland 2004- 2008 DE GASCUN C., Regan, C., Coughlan, S., Bergin, C., Powderly, W., and Hall, W. ,Sorrento; Italy, 71 ,2010 1) University College Dublin, National Virus Reference Laboratory, Dublin, Ireland; 2) St James' Hospital, Genitourinary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Dublin, Ireland; 3) University College Dublin, School of Medicine and Medical Science, Dublin, Ireland ------

HIV/Virology

Dynamic Escape of Pre-Existing Raltegravir-Resistant HIV-1 From Raltegravir Pressure CODOÑER F., Pou, C., Thielen, A., García, F., Delgado, R., Dalmau, D., varez-Tejado, M., Clotet, B., RuíZ, L., and Paredes, R. ,Sorrento; Italy, 51 ,2010 1) IrsiCaixa Retrovirology Lab., H. Univ. Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain; 2) Max Planck Institute für Informatik, MPI, Saarbücken, Germany; 3) Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain; 4) Servicio de Microbiologia, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; 5) Servei de Malalties Infeccioses, Mútua de Terrassa, Terrassa, Spain; 6) Applied Science, Roche Diagnostics SL, Sant Cugat del Vallès, Spain; 7) IrsiCaixa Retrovirology Lab & Lluita contra la SIDA Fndn, Internal Medicine Department H. Univ. Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain ------

HIV/Virology

Resistance Mutations and HIV-1 Genetic Diversity Among Newly Diagnosed Patients in Two Different Geographical Areas of Spain CUEVAS M., Delgado, E., Thomson, M., Fernández-García, A., González-Galeano, M., Sánchez-Martínez, M., Pinilla, M., García, V., Sánchez-García, A., and Pérez-Alvarez, L. ,Sorrento; Italy, 84 ,2010

1) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, HIV Biology and Variability Unit, Madrid, Spain; 2) Study group of HIV-1 newly diagnosed patients in Galicia and the Basque Country ------

HIV/Virology

Trends, Along a Decade, of Antiretroviral Resistance in a Newly Diagnosed HIV- 1 Cohort of From Galicia, Spain, Including Diverse Genetic Forms DELGADO E., Cuevas, M., Fernández-García, A., Thomson, M., es, Ga, Ocampo, A., Sánchez-Martínez, M., Ojea de, Castro R., Sánchez-García, A., López-Alvarez, M., García, V., Mariño, A., Pinilla, M., Rodríguez, R., and Pérez-Alvarez, L. ,Sorrento; Italy, 85 ,2010 1) Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Biology and Variability of HIV, Majadahonda Madrid, Spain; 2) Hospital Xeral Cies, Infectious Diseases, Vigo Pontevedra, Spain; 3) Complejo Hospitalario de Pontevedra, Infectious Diseases, Pontevedra, Spain; 4) Hospital Xeral Calde, Infectious Diseases, Lugo, Spain; 5) Hospital Arquitecto Marcide, Infectious Diseases, Ferrol A Coruña, Spain; 6) Complejo Hospitalario de Ourense, Infectious Diseases, Ourense, Spain ------

HIV/Virology

Sudden Viral Load Increase As an Indicator of HIV-1 Superinfection in HAART- Naive HIV-Infected Patients DOYLE T., Ambrose, J., Garcia, A., Strang, A., Foster, G., Cambiano, V., Phillips, A., and Geretti, A. ,Sorrento; Italy, 89 ,2010 1) UCL medical school, Infection and Immunity, London, United Kingdom; 2) UCL medical school, Infection & Population Health, London, United Kingdom ------

HIV/Virology

Emergence of Resistance to the New Drug Classes in an Italian National Database: 2007-2009 DI GIAMBENEDETTO S., Fanti, I., Prosperi, M., Bruzzone, B., Baldanti, F., Penco, G., Meini, G., Di, Biagio A., Paolini, E., Micheli, V., Meraviglia, P., Chiodera, A., Corsi, P., Gonnelli, A., Zazzi, M., and De, Luca A. ,Sorrento; Italy, 70 ,2010 1) Institute of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Catholic University, Rome, Italy; 2) Unit of Infectious Diseases, Siena University Hospital, Italy; 3) Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, San Martino Hospital, Genoa, Italy; 4) Unit of Virology, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital, Pavia, Italy; 5) Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospitals, Genoa, Italy; 6) Department of Molecular Biology, University of Siena, Italy; 7) Unit of Immunohematology and Transfusional Medicine, Cremona Hospital, Cremona, Italy; 8) Microbiology Laboratory, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy; 9) Second Department of Infectious disease, L. Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy; 10) Dept. of Infectious Diseases, H. Macerata, Macerata, Italy; 11) Division of Infectious Diseases, Careggi University Hospital, Italy; 12) ARCA database ------

HIV/Virology

Faster HIV-1 Disease Progression Among Brazilian Recently Infected Individual Harboring CXCR4 Using Strains DIAZ R., Sucupira, M., Sanabani, S., Tomiyama, H., Sauer, M., Sabino, E., Janini, L., and Kallas, E. ,Sorrento; Italy, 65 ,2010 1) Federal University of Sao Paulo, Retrovirology Laboratory, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 2) USP, Immunology, Sao Paulo, Brazil; 3) USP, Blood Centers, Sao Paulo, Brazil ------

HIV/Virology

Evaluation of Hiv-1 Genetic Diversity in Infected Mothers From Two Regions of Portugal Enrolled in A Study of Mother-To-Child Transmission BANDEIRA V., Castela, J., Areias, M., Alexandrino, A., and Pádua, E. ,Nice; France ,2010 1) Lisboa; 2) Porto, Portugal ------

HIV/Virology

ARV Resistance in HIV-1 From Drug-Naive and Treated Patients in Bulgaria BESHKOV D., Alexiev, I., Georgieva, V., Karamacheva, L., and Elenkov, I. ,Sorrento; Italy, 78 ,2010 1) Nat. Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, National HIV Confirmatory Lab, Sofia, Bulgaria; 2) Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Department of Immunodeficiency, Sofia, Bulgaria ------

HIV/Virology

Rega 8: An Improved Genotypic Interpretation System That Significantly Predicts HIV-Therapy Response for B and Non-B Subtypes BEHEYDT G., Vercauteren, J., Libin, P., Imbrechts, S., Camacho, R., Clotet, B., De, Luca A., Grossman, Z., Kaiser, R., Sonnerborg, A., Torti, C., Van, Wijngaerden E., Zazzi, M., Geretti, A., Vandamme, A., and Prosperi, M. ,Sorrento; Italy, 50 ,2010 ------

HIV/Virology

Prevalence of HIV-1 Subtypes and Drug Resistance Mutations in ResRIS, the National Drug Resistance Database of the Spanish AIDS Research Network ANTA L., Aguilera, A., Blanco, J., Garcia, F., Iribarren, J., Pérez-Elías, M., Sánchez-Hellín, V., Leal, M., Llibre, J., Soriano, V., and De, Mendoza C. ,Sorrento; Italy, 96 ,2010 1) Hospital Carlos III, Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain; 2) Hospital Conxo-CHUS, Microbiology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; 3) Hospital Clinic, Infectious Diseases, Barcelona, Spain; 4) Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Microbiology, Granada, Spain; 5) Hospital de Donostia, Infectious Diseases, San Sebastián, Spain; 6) Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain; 7) Hospital General, Infectious Diseases, Elche, Spain; 8) Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Infectious Diseases, Sevilla, Spain; 9) Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Infectious Diseases, Badalona, Spain; 10) Resistance Platform of the Spanish AIDS Research Network ------

HIV/Virology

Identification of a New HIV-1 Circulating Recombinant Form (CRF44-DB) in Spain ANTA L., Blanco, J., Aguilera, A., García, F., Iribarren, J., Gutiérrez, C., Gutiérrez, F., Leal, M., Llibre, J., Soriano, V., and De, Mendoza C. ,Sorrento; Italy, 97 ,2010 1) Hospital Carlos III, Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain; 2) Hospital Clinic, Infectious Diseases, Barcelona, Spain; 3) Hospital Conxo-CHUS, Microbiology, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; 4) Hospital Clinico San Cecilio, Microbiology, Granada, Spain; 5) Hospital de Donostia, Infectious Diseases, San Sebastián, Spain; 6) Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain; 7) Hospital General, Infectious Diseases, Elche, Spain; 8) Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Infectious Diseases, Sevilla, Spain; 9) Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Infectious Diseases, Badalona, Spain; 10) Spanish AIDS Research Network ------

HIV/Virology

HIV-1 Diversity Among Different Risk Groups in Bulgaria ALEXIEV I., Beshkov, D., Georgieva, V., and Elenkov, I. ,Sorrento; Italy, 94 ,2010 1) Nat. Center of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, National HIV Confirmatory Laboratory, Sofia, Bulgaria; 2) Hospital of Infectious Diseases, Department of Immunodeficiency, Sofia, Bulgaria ------

HIV/Virology

Transmitted Drug Resistance in HIV-1 CRF06_Cpx Infected Patients in Estonia in 2008 AVI R., Huik, K., Pauskar, M., Krispin, T., Karki, T., Ustina, V., and Lutsar, I. ,Sorrento; Italy, 74 ,2010 1) University of Tartu, Institute of Microbiology, Tartu, Estonia; 2) West-Tallinn Central Hospital, HIV Reference Laboratory, Tallinn, Estonia ------

HIV/Virology

Mutations at the C-Terminal Domain of RT in HIV-1+ Patients Failing Nevirapine or Efavirenz Do Not Display Strong Impact on Etravirine Susceptibility ARREDONDO M., Zahonero, N., Corral, A., Garrido, C., Poveda, E., González-Lahoz, J., Soriano, V., and De, Mendoza C. ,Sorrento; Italy, 18 ,2010 Hospital Carlos III, Infectious Diseases Department, Madrid, Spain ------

HIV/Virology

Impact of Baseline HIV-1 Integrase Polymorphisms With Virological Outcome in Patients Starting a Raltegravir-Containing Regimen ARMENIA D., Fabeni, L., Malet, I., D'Arrigo, R., Reigadas, S., Micheli, V., Cento, V., Trotta, M., Lo, Caputo S., Santoro, M., Svicher, V., Flandre, P., Bruzzone, B., Di, Perri G., Capetti, A., Narciso, P., Masquelier, B., Rizzardini, G., Calvez, V., Gomes da, Silva H., Antinori, A., Marcelin, A., Perno, C., and Ceccherini-Silberstein, F. ,Sorrento; Italy, 28 ,2010 1) University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Department of Experimental Medicine and Biochemical Science, Rome, Italy; 2) Pitié-Salpetrière Hospital, Department of Virology and Biological Immunology, Paris, France; 3) IMMI "L. Spallanzani", Antiviral Drugs Monitoring Unit & Infectious Disease Divisions, Rome, Italy; 4) Bordeaux University Hospital, Department of Virology, Bordeaux, France; 5) L. Sacco Hospital, Infectious Disease Division, Milan, Italy; 6) SM Annunziata Hospital, Infectious Disease Division, Florence, Italy; 7) San Martino Hospital, Microbiology and Virology Laboratory, Genoa, Italy; 8) University of Turin, "Amedeo di Savoia Hospital", Department of Infectious Diseases Turin, Italy; 9) Lisbon New University, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Lisbon, Portugal ------

HIV/Virology

Drug Resistance Mutations in HIV-1+ Non-B Subtypes in Spain - More Frequent and No Preferential Selection of K65R in Clade C Than in Other Subtypes ARREDONDO M., Sánchez, C., Garrido, C., Anta, L., Fernández, J., Rivas, P., Soriano, V., and De, Mendoza C. ,Sorrento; Italy, 95 ,2010 Hospital Carlos III, Infectious Diseases Department, Madrid, Spain ------

HIV/Virology

Decreasing Prevalence and 5-Year Incidence of Major NRTI-, NNRTI- and PI- Mutations in ART- Experienced HIV-Patients in Stockholm, Sweden BONTELL I., Johansson, B., Bratt, G., Albert, J., and Sonnerborg, A. ,Sorrento; Italy, 83 ,2010 1) Karolinska Institutet, Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden; 2) Karolinska Institutet, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Huddinge, Sweden; 3) Stockholm South General Hospital, Department of Dermato-Veneorology, Stockholm, Sweden; 4) Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control, Department of Virology, Stockholm, Sweden ------

HIV/Virology

The Influence of PCR Amplification Variation on the Ability of Population-Based PCR to Detect Non-R5 HIV HARRIGAN R., Zhong, X., Lewis, M., Dong, W., Knapp, D., Swenson, L., McGovern, R., and Heera, J. ,Sorrento; Italy, 38 ,2010 1) BC Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Research Laboratories, Vancouver, Canada; 2) Pfizer, Sandwich, United Kingdom; 3) Pfizer, New York, USA ------

HIV/Virology

Integrase Inhibitor Resistance-Associated Mutations Have No Impact on Performance of the Abbott ReaITime HIV-1 Assay HACKETT J., Luk, K., and Swanson, P. ,Sorrento; Italy, 43 ,2010 Abbott Diagnostics, Virus Discovery, Abbott Park, USA ------

HIV/Virology

HIV Drug Resistance Patterns of Maternal HAART Cohorts to Prevent HIV Postnatal Mother-to-Child Transmission in Rwanda KARASI J., Peltier, C., Servais, J., Ndayisaba, G., Makombe, N., Courteille, O., Omes-Karasi, C., Devaux, C., Schmit, J., and Arendt, V. ,Sorrento; Italy, 53 ,2010 1) Centre de Recherche Public-Santé, Retrovirology Laboratory, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; 2) Lux Development, AMATA Study, Kigali, Rwanda; 3) centre de Recherche Public-Santé, retrovirology Laboratory, Luxembourg, Luxembourg; 4) National Reference Laboratory, Immuno-Virology, Kigali, Rwanda ------

HIV/Virology

Development of Resistance to the Natural HIV-1 Entry Virus Inhibitory Peptide (VIRIP) GONZALEZ E., Pau, Mena M., rmand-Ugon, M., Ballana, E., Clotet, B., and Esté, J. ,San Francisco, CA; USA, 65 ,2010 IrsiCaixa, Badalona, Spain ------

HIV/Virology

Residual Activity of Raltegravir Despite Multiple N155H Pathway Resistance Mutations FUN A., Van, Baelen K., van, Lelyveld S., Schipper, P., Stuyver, L., Wensing, A., and Nijhuis, M. ,Sorrento; Italy, 34 ,2010 1) University Medical Center, Dept. of Virology, Utrecht, The Netherlands; 2) Virco BVBA, Mechelen, Belgium; 3) University Medical Center, Dept. of Internal Medicine, Utrecht, The Netherlands ------

HIV/Virology

Differences in Susceptibility to Darunavir and Etravirine Reported by Two Genotypic Interpretation Systems GARCIA F., Alvarez, M., Guillot, V., parra, M., Bernal, S., Lozano, F., Hernández-Quero, J., and Palomares, J. ,Sorrento; Italy, 58 ,2010 1) H. Clinico San Cecilio, Microbiology, Granada, Spain; 2) H. U Virgen de Valme, Microbiology, Sevilla, Spain; 3) H. U Virgen de Valme, Infectious Diseases, Sevilla, Spain; 4) H. Clinico San Cecilio, Infectious Diseases, Granada, Spain ------

HIV/Virology

Resistance Patterns in HIV+ Patients Failing Raltegravir Outside Clinical Trials - the Spanish Integrase Resistance (SINRES) Group GARRIDO PAVON C., Garcia, F., Zahonero, N., Sanchez-Hellin, V., Imaz, A., Garcia- Bujalance, S., Viciana, I., Galindo, M., Soriano, V., De, Mendoza C., and Sinres Study Group( ,Sorrento; Italy, 35 ,2010 1) Hospital Carlos III, Infectious Diseases, Madrid, Spain; 2) Hospital San Cecilio, Granada, Spain; 3) Hospital General Universitario, Elche, Spain; 4) Hospital Vall d'Hebrón, Barcelona, Spain; 5) Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain; 6) Hospital Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain; 7) Hospital Clínico, Valencia, Spain; 8) Spain ------

HIV/Virology

Resistance Mutations in the Viral Protease Alter the in Vitro Resistance Profiles of Bevirimat FUN A., van, Maarseveen N., Maas, R., Schipper, P., and Nijhuis, M. ,Sorrento; Italy, 3 ,2010 University Medical Center, Dept. of Virology, Utrecht, The Netherlands ------

HIV/Virology

Temporal Changes in HIV Drug Resistant Prevalences Across the World. Review FRENTZ D., Boucher, C., and van, de, V ,Sorrento; Italy, 68 ,2010 Erasmus Medical Center, Virology, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ------

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