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USHC 4.6 Key Terms/Ideas/People/Events & Vocabulary Key Terms/Ideas/People/Events  Progressive movement – movement to improve the conditions the country was in as a result of industrialization, urbanization, mechanization, immigration; fix the problems that resulted such as political corruption, hazardous work environment & food preparation; corrupt business practices  Middle class – growing economic class of individuals during this era; it was this group of individuals who originally made up the Progressive Movement; they were paying high taxes in the city and seeing little return for their money  “Muckrakers” – Progressive journalists who exposed problems in society and wrote about it; originally looked down upon, but their investigations & reporting led to changes  Upton Sinclair – famous muckraker who wrote a book title The Jungle where he describe he deplorable conditions workers in the meat packing industry faced and the awful conditions of the meat;  The Jungle – muckraking book about the meat industry; directly led to the Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food & Drug Act; Theodore Roosevelt was horrified and worked to get those laws passed  Seneca Falls Convention – location of first large meeting for women’s rights; minor steps were taken between the time of the convention (1848) and 1900, but women began having more rights;  Wyoming – 1st state to allow women to vote  Western states – in general, allowed women the right to vote first because of the role of women as pioneers  National Association of Colored Women – African American women formed this association to secure the civil rights of African Americans – this includes women’s suffrage  Carrie Chapman Catt – important women’s rights individual; helped to found the National American Women’s Suffrage Association; her group lobby’s for the right to vote; her group promised to clean up society & government so they were opposed by the liquor industry & political bosses  National American Women’s Suffrage Association – (NAWSA) group started by Carrie Chapman Catt that lobbied for the right and they promised to clean up society and government  Political bosses – individuals in charge of political machines; goal was to fix many problems that impacted the cities; some progress was made, but most bosses tended to become corrupt  National Woman’s Party – led by Alice Paul; engaged in marches & picketed the White House during World War I  Alice Paul –led the National Woman’s Party; more militant than NAWSA; engaged in marches & picketed the White House during World War I  World War I – event, mainly isolated to European powers and their colonies; caused by militarism, nationalism, alliances, imperialism & sparked by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand; the war put the Allied Powers (France, Great Britain & Italy) versus the Central Powers (Germany & Austria-Hungary); the US joined the Allied Powers and the Allied Powers will ultimately defeat the Central powers  Suffragettes – women who fought for the right to vote  Nineteenth amendment – Progressive Amendment allowing women the right to vote  Jane Addams – Progressive woman who was known for starting the settlement house, Hull House, in Chicago to assist immigrants in taking vocational classes & childcare; she also was for women’s and African-American equality  Hull House – settlement house in Chicago, Illinois; immigrants were able to take vocational classes and receive childcare  federal child labor act – law passed to limit child labor; Supreme Court ruled that this law was unconstitutional; it will be a decade before child labor laws are successful  Theodore Roosevelt – Progressive President – 1st president to give support to the rights of workers; he supported government regulation of corporations using the Sherman Anti-Trust Act; became known as the Trust-Buster; he supported the Meat Inspection Act and the Pure Food & Drug Act; Roosevelt also promoted conservation of natural resources by creating national parks  ‘Bully pulpit’ – what Theodore Roosevelt called the office of the presidency; a platform where he could put his agenda front and center and worked to get his policies enacted because his position was so visible  Interstate Commerce Commission – government agency which regulated the railroads; it was established in the 1880s by the Interstate Commerce Act, but the Supreme Court stripped it o its power; a new law was passed under Theodore Roosevelt that restored and enhanced a lot of their powers over railroads  Sherman Anti-Trust Act – law passed by Congress to regulate and stop the monopolistic policies of big business; Congress listened to the public in the passage of this law, but it was rarely used except on labor unions; Theodore Roosevelt will use the Sherman Anti-Trust Act as it was intended – to stop monopolies from being formed  Pure Food and Drug Act – Theodore Roosevelt supported this after reading The Jungle; USHC 4.6 Key Terms/Ideas/People/Events & Vocabulary  “Trust-buster” – nickname of Theodore Roosevelt for breaking up a series of monopolies  Meat Inspection Act – law passed as a result of The Jungle; placed the inspection of meat under the Federal Government (Department of Agriculture)  Progressive (Bull Moose) Party – political party Theodore Roosevelt began in 1912 to run for President; Roosevelt was a republican and together with Taft, will split the party; the Democrat Wilson wins the election; he stood for more progressive ideas  Woodrow Wilson – Democratic President elected in 1912; Wilson was a progressive, but also a segregationist; he segregated the federal government and all federal buildings  Republican Party – political party supported by big business  Clayton Anti-Trust Act – law passed that allowed labor unions to be exempt from anti-trust laws – unlike the Sherman Anti-Trust Act; Gompers called it the Magna Carta of Labor;  Samuel Gompers – labor union leader in charge of the American Federation of Labor  AFL – large union; known as the American Federation of Labor and consisted of different industrial groups;  Sixteenth amendment – Progressive Amendment that allowed for the graduated income tax  Seventeenth amendment – Progressive Amendment that provided for the direct election of senators by the people instead of by the state legislatures  Federal Reserve Act – law passed that created the Federal Reserve; this is the bankers’ bank; the Federal Reserve determines how much money is to remain in circulation; it provides a safety net to prevent bank failures  Panic of 1907 – stock market lost 50% of its value from the year before; the US was already in a recession; led to the Federal Reserve Act to control the money supply  eighteenth amendment - Progressive Amendment to ban the manufacture, sale, or transportation sale of alcoholic beverages;  Prohibition – the results of the 18th Amendment; the 1920s will be the decade of Prohibition  Fourteen Points: President Wilson’s plan for a lasting peace; plan called for freedom of the seas, an end to secret treaties, arms reduction, self-determination and the creation of an international peace organization  Treaty of Versailles: Treaty which ended World War I; Allied Powers (France & Great Britain) forced Germany to pay war reparations and take guilt for the war; this will set the stage for World War II  New Deal – FDR’s plan to bring the United States out of the Great Depression; huge expansion of federal government; Vocabulary

 Objected – challenged or opposed  associated – related  Monopolists – individuals who  vocational – job or career training control industry  negotiate – bargain or consult  Plight – dilemma  enhancing – improving  Exposed – uncovered  regulation – rule or directive  Promoting – endorsing or encourage  application – use or function  Reform – change  appellation – designation or title  Initiated – began  conservation – saving environment  intensified – strengthened  natural resources – naturally found  suffrage – right to vote  measures – events  pioneers – forerunners; early settlers  exempt – excused  civil rights – rights citizens have  elastic – flexible equally  circulation – exchange  lobby – petition or promote  compensation – payment  tactics – strategies  continuation – extension  picketed – protested  idealism – romanticism or optimism  hunger strikes – refusal to eat for a  Disillusionment – disenchantment or cause disappointment  activism – involvement  Evident – obvious USHC 4.6 Key Terms/Ideas/People/Events & Vocabulary  welfare – well-being  advocate – supporter