Commodore Classic I Ode to the Confederate Memorial Hall

Commodore Classic I – Ode to the Confederate Memorial Hall March 25, 2006 Round 2

Tossups by Matt Weiner

1. Its philharmonic performs at the Kleinhans Music Hall, and other important cultural buildings here include the Albright-Knox Art Gallery and the Ansley Wilcox Mansion. It is the American terminus of the Peace Bridge and is home to the colleges of Villa Maria, Daemen, and Canisius. Its suburbs include West Seneca, Cheektowaga, Hamburg, Lockport, Lackawanna, and Niagara Falls, and this seat of Erie County sits at the point where the Niagara River is formed from Lake Erie. FTP, name this second-most populated city in the state of New York, the origin of certain spicy chicken wings. ANSWER: Buffalo

2. In the third scene of Act IV, four unnamed soldiers hear strange music and attribute it to Hercules withdrawing his protection of their commander. The servant Alexas is used to gain an audience for a fake spell of fainting, and another servant, Thidias, is later whipped for bearing an unfavorable message. The plot begins with the death of Fulvia and one character’s return to Rome, where he helps avert a civil war by trading off Sicily and Sardinia, but Enobarbus doubts how long that man’s marriage to Octavia will last and whether Lepidus and Pompey will remain satisfied. Ultimately, one title character dies by falling on his sword, and the other uses a poisonous snake. FTP, name this Shakespeare play about a Roman triumvir and a queen of Egypt. ANSWER: Antony and Cleopatra

3. She was the first-born in a set of identical triplets, and though she earned a medical degree, she later became an advocate of spiritualism and mystical experiences, as described in her autobiography The Wheel of Life. Charles Corr has provided an alternative to her most influential theory, which was criticized by Robert Kastenbaum, who noted that no one in her original sample actually followed the model she developed, she relied exclusively on interviews, and she attributed prescriptive value to her “stage theory,” which was intended to apply to patients themselves, not family members. FTP, name this theorist who proposed denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance as the five stages of the “dying process” in On Death and Dying. ANSWER: Elisabeth Kübler-Ross

4. Anastasius and John Grammaticus were major leaders of this movement, which was partly sparked by opposition to the Quinisext Council in Trullo and the writings of John of Damascus. The Feast of Orthodoxy celebrates the final end of this movement, following the death of Theophilus and the virulent opposition of Theodore Studites. Drawing on Exodus chapter 20, verse 4, this campaign intensified under Constantine V after being instigated by the Isaurian Dynasty founder Leo III, but its fate was reversed after the Seventh Ecumenical Council under Irene. FTP, name this movement in which Byzantine emperors sought to end the veneration of pictures of saints. ANSWER: iconoclasm

5. In front if it are sixteen sculptures by Jean Tinguely and Niki de Saint Phalle which surround the Stravinsky Fountain. It contains the national Public Information Library as well as the Institute of Research and Coordination in Acoustics and associated modern music performance halls overseen by Pierre Boulez. It is located on the outskirts of the Marais neighborhood on the Rue Beaubourg, and uses clear plastic to encase escalators, blue air tubes, green water pipes, and other visible and external utilities, as part of the design by Richard Rogers and Renzo Piano. FTP, name this Paris building named for a former French president. ANSWER: Pompidou Center [or Centre Pompidou; or Centre National d’Art et de Culture Georges Pompidou]

6. Applying to the central moment of a distribution, the statistic by this name is a symmetric unbiased estimator. It names the theorem stating that general entropy increases in an irreversible process, and it is the dimensionless parameter in cosmology obtained by dividing the Hubble constant by 100 kilometer-inverse second-megaparsecs. The quantity most commonly represented by this letter can be “reduced” by dividing it by two pi, creating the “bar” form, and is equal to 6.626 times ten to the minus 34 Joule-seconds. FTP, the ratio of photon energy to photon frequency equals Planck’s constant, often written as what letter? ANSWER: h 7. Harvey Colvin once refused to give up this office to Thomas Hoyne until a second election was held. It was won five combined times by two men named Carter Harrison, the latter of whom was the first one who had to compete in a primary before running for this office. It began in 1837 when John Kinzie lost an election to William Ogden. Martin Keneally preceded its longest-reigning holder and was a candidate of the Kelly-Nash bloc, which succeed “the Organization” engineered by a former occupant, the assassinated Anton Cermak. In 1978, Jane Byrne became the first woman to hold this office, and the “Council Wars” erupted in 1983 when Harold Washington was elected to it. FTP, name this position held for twenty-one years by Richard Daley. ANSWER: mayor of Chicago [accept obvious equivalents; prompt on mayor]

8. One of the best summations of his beliefs is contained in his letter to the governor of Barbados, who visited him at Thomas Rouse’s house during his missionary work on that island. He joined the Bunyan-Burrough debate with one of his hundreds of pamphlets, and his important journal describes him experiencing a series of “openings.” He was the target of a Roger Williams tract which showed him “digged out of his burrows,” criticizing his denouncements of oaths and the army. He gathered his followers into the Publishers of Truth, which soon renamed itself the Society of Friends but received another name from Justice Bennet of Derby in comment on their motion during services. FTP, name this founder of the Quaker sect. ANSWER: George Fox

9. The only College Football Hall of Fame player from this school is a tackle who transferred from Indiana, “Slim” Strom, who led their 1958 Cotton Bowl team that tied zero-zero with Texas Christian. More recently, such games as a 62-41 loss to Brigham Young, and 41-23 loss to Colorado State led to their 2005 record of four and seven, and things only got worse when their coach blamed a lack of “Afro-American kids” who “can run very, very well” for their finish at seventh place in the Mountain West Conference. FTP, name this Fisher DeBerry-coached team which plays home games in Colorado Springs at Falcon Stadium, representing the most recently founded of the five major service academies. ANSWER: United States Air Force Academy Falcons football team [prompt on Falcons before “Falcon Stadium” is read]

10. He denounced “the enemies of truth and philanthropy” in an alternative to the Hippocratic Oath, and he earlier broke into philosophy with the Treatise on Logical Terminology and Essay on the Calendar. His major work was burned at the instigation of Solomon of Montpellier, and contains such sections as “On Similes” and “The homonymity of Zelem.” Among his correspondence are the Epistle to Yemen and Letter to the Community of Marseille, while his legal writings include the Book of Precepts and The Torah Reviewed. FTP, name this author of Thirteen Articles of Faith and The Guide for the Perplexed, an important medieval Jewish philosopher. ANSWER: Moses Maimonides [or Moses Ben Maimon; or Rambam; or Abu Imran Musa ibn Maymun ibn Ubayd Allah]

11. While it is unknown whether they have a role as plant hormones, their concentration does peak during seed formation. Divided into such subclasses as tropanes, pyrrolidines, and indoles, they are usually structured in a way analogous to cyclic amines. A few kinds are typically found in each plant species, and they are also produced by some beavers and frogs as well as certain fungi, such as ergot. Their study was begun by Pierre-Joseph Pelletier, who isolated emetine in 1820. FTP, name this group of organic nitrogen-containing bases, which includes morphine, nicotine, opiates, cocaine, and caffeine. ANSWER: alkaloids

12. A now-abandoned town which flourished as a market during this empire was the city of Audaghost. Briefly conquered by the Almoravids, it was ultimately overthrown by the Susu and became part of the rising Mali empire. Populated by the Mande-speaking Soninke, it was named for the title of its king and made money from import taxation, being located at the crossroads of the salt and gold trades. FTP, name this medieval West African empire centered Koumbi Saleh, which shares its name with a present-day country that achieved independence under the Convention People’s Party of Kwame Nkrumah. ANSWER: Ghana empire [or Wagadu] 13. The Draugs replace them with seaweed, the Valkyries sometimes use them to replace weights on their loom, and the Japanese Kappa must always keep them wet. On the Kinnaras, they resemble horses, and on the Furies, dogs; and in the form of Macha, the Morrigan eats them. The Acephali store them in the torsoe, Kali wears them as a garland, and Bast has one that looks like that of a cat, while Brahma, Cerberus, and the Hydra notably display more than the usual number of them. FTP, name this body part which was replaced with that of an elephant in the case of Ganesh. ANSWER: heads [accept skulls or other reasonable equivalents]

14. Halfway through, the major male character throws a book by Ada Foat onto a table in disgust. Earlier in this novel, suspicions were raised about Foat’s relationship with the doctor Selah and the doctor’s ambition that his daughter become a “trance lecturer” or a colleague of Mrs. Luna. The author drew on Nathaniel Hawthorne’s sister- in-law Eliza Peabody for the character of Miss Birdseye, and most critics compare this novel to Hawthorne’s Blithedale Romance. The plot is lifted from L’Evangeliste by Alphonse Daudet and ends with Verena Tarrant marrying Basil Ransom and leaving the titular group. FTP, name this satire on utopianism and Swedenborg-inspired mysticism featuring the feminist Olive Chancellor, written by Henry James and set in Massachusetts. ANSWER: The Bostonians

15. It position is maintained by Mackenrodt’s ligaments, and its membrane is the location of Naboth's follicles. While humans possess one in a simplex form, most other mammals have a bicornuate one with two pouches. The myometrium consists of the muscles which enable it to conclude its function, and it is lined by the endometrium. It is the body part removed in a hysterectomy, and it is divided into the fundus, body, isthmus, and cervix. FTP, name this organ in which gestation occurs, which opens into the vagina to form the birth canal. ANSWER: uterus [or womb]

16. The fourth king by this name disdained representative assemblies in favor of the “united committees” and attempted to reach agreement with Austria at the Punctation of Olmütz following his near-overthrow in 1848. An earlier person by this name grew up in the fortress of Küstrin and gave up Pomerania in the treaty of Saint-Germain- en-Laye during his reorganization Brandenburg following the Thirty Years War, earning the nickname “The Great Elector.” The first king by this name married the daughter of George I of England, adopted Prince Leopold as his military adviser, and raised an army consisting of over a third of the population, while the second extended his kingdom’s border far into Poland. FTP, what was this popular regnal name for kings of Prussia? ANSWER: Frederick William [do not accept or prompt on Frederick]

17. Published in two “recueils” and a lone twelfth book as a cycle of 240 poems, this work was one of several illustrated by Marc Chagall, who had to redo his gouaches in black and white when color presses proved unavailable. Greco-Roman myth is prominent, as in “Jupiter and the Thunderbolts” and “The Companions of Ulysses,” while the latter section exhibits Eastern influence, as in “The Mogul’s Dream” and “The Pashaw and the Merchant.” The work concludes with “The Arbiter, the Almoner, and the Hermit” and begins with “The Grasshopper and the Ant.” FTP, name this didactic work of Jean de la Fontaine, largely derived from Aesop. ANSWER: Selected Fables, Set in Verse [or Fables choisier, mises en vers]

18. He concluded his career with operas designed to be performed and viewed by children such as Little Red Riding Hood and Puss in Boots. The mullah Fekherdin and the central female’s father Kazenbek are roles in one of his operas, which has a Viktor Krylov libretto and ends with Fatima stabbing herself. With Rimsky-Korsakov, he finished Aleksandr Dargomyzhsky’s The Stone Guest, and he later became associated with Rimsky-Korsakov’s band of nationalist composers. FTP, name this man who taught Nicholas II as a professor of military fortifications, wrote the operas The Captain’s Daughter and The Prisoner of the Caucasus, and joined Mussorsgy, Balakirev, and Borodin in the Mighty Five. ANSWER: Cesar Antonovich Cui 19. When a single Fourier component of this process becomes unstable, a periodic Tollman-Schlichting wave occurs. When there is pressure on both sides of material undergoing this process, the hagen-Poiseuille variety of it happens. The maximum velocity at any point equals one minus the radius of the layer over the total radius, in the conception of this process as a series of parallel layers, in which the outermost is stationary but the other layers move with speed that increases towards the center. The actual Reynolds number is less than the critical Reynolds number in, FTP, what type of flow which occurs smoothly, without turbulence? ANSWER: laminar flow [or streamline flow]

20. One of the characters has just become platonic friends with Gabriel, while the other has left both Lidia and Marta behind and tried to give his passport to Dr. Americo. The final sub-story in this book involves a shipwrecked sailor who spots a tear on the face of the person who has saved his life. A tale of zombies and the story of Werner’s affair with the French resistance members Leni and Michelle are among the plots of fictitious movies recounted by a window-dresser over a six-month period; that man’s lack of political action is criticized by his Marxist listener, who eventually falls in love with him. FTP, name this novel about Valentin and Molina which is set in an Argentinean prison cell and was written by Manuel Puig. ANSWER: Kiss of the Spider Woman [or El beso de la mujer araña] Boni by Matt Weiner

1. Name these interdynastic eras from China for 10 points each. [10] Follow the overthrow of the Han, the Wu, Wei, and a succession of rivals to those groups struggled for control of China in this time, chronicled by a noted “romance.” ANSWER: Three Kingdoms [or San-kuo] [10] In southern China, the Three Kingdoms period was followed by this three-century time of rapid regnal turnover, in which the Liu-Sun and Chen dynasties, among others, ruled. ANSWER: Six Dynasties period [10] During this time, spanning most of the tenth century CE, such groups as the Southern Pin and the Wuyeuh controlled small portions of China until conquered by the Sung. ANSWER: Ten Kingdoms [or Shih-kuo]

2. Name these kinds of genes for 10 points each. [10] These chromosomal sequences, which can break off from adjoining chromosomes and recombine in unexpected places, were discovered by Barbara McClintock and are also known as “jumping genes.” ANSWER: transposons [10] This 180-nucleotide sequence within a gene produces proteins which control transcription factors that govern the emergence of new features in developing embryos. ANSWER: homeobox region [accept hox proteins] [10] This kind of gene can independently suppress a particular trait from expressing at all, even if other genes that would determine the nature of that trait are present. ANSWER: epistatic gene

3. Name these geographical features of Poland for 10 points each. [10] Lysica is the highest peak in this range in the Polish Uplands, which encircles the city of Kielce and was named for a Benedictine Abbey on Mount Lysa. ANSWER: Holy Cross Mountains [or Góry Swietokrzyskie] [10] This longest river of Poland empties into Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea. ANSWER: Vistula River [10] This capital of the Malopolskie province is bisected by the Vistula and features the Rynek Glówny marketplace and Jagiellonian University, as well as the absorbed steel town of Mogila. It is the third most populated city in Poland after Warsaw and Lodz. ANSWER: Krakow

4. It lasted from 1904 to 1906 and focused on pottery colors, flesh tones, and images of the Earth. FTPE: [10] Name this period in which a certain painter produced Two Nudes, Self-Portrait with Pallette, and Portrait of Gertrude Stein. ANSWER: Rose Period [10] This artist created the Rose Period works immediately following his Blue Period, and also painted Les Demoiselles d’Avignon and Guernica. ANSWER: Pablo Ruiz y Picasso [10] This Rose Period work executed at Gósol depicts Fernande Olivier bathing, preening, and combing her hair as a man drinking from a phallic cup observes. ANSWER: The Harem

5. Defensive lines were trendy during the period of the world wars. For 10 points each: [10] Named for a 1929 to 1931 minister of war, this network of concrete fortresses stretched from La Ferté to the Rhine. In 1940, it provided a comfortable place for French troops to ponder leaving the Belgian border unfortified. ANSWER: Maginot Line [10] The Germans had used the line concept at the end of World War I, when Ludendorff and a future Weimar president used pillbox fortresses, machine guns, and anti-tank ditches to repel the Allied advance for an extra year. ANSWER: Hindenburg line [10] Even after the Mannerheim line was broken during the Winter War, the Finns were able to get some use out of the more inward Salpalinja during this second conflict with the Soviet Union, lasting from 1941 to 1944. ANSWER: Continuation War 6. Gertrude Stein used this term to describe Ernest Hemingway’s compatriots, and it appears at the end of The Sun Also Rises. For 10 points each: [10] What is this two-word phrase which refers to such writers as Hemingway, Sherwood Anderson, Kay Boyle, John dos Passos, and Zelda and F. Scott Fitzgerald? ANSWER: Lost Generation [10] This Lost Generation author responded to The Wasteland with “For the Marriage of Faustus and Helen” and also wrote The Broken Tower and White Buildings, but his major work was the Otto Kahn-financed The Bridge. ANSWER: Harold Hart Crane [10] This woman at the center of the “Letters from a Lost Generation” wrote the novels The Dark Tide and Not Without Honour and the nonfiction works “Halcyon, or the Future of Monogamy” and Testament of Youth. ANSWER: Vera Brittain

7. Name these Shinto deities for 10 points each. [10] This goddess, worshipped in the form of a mirror at Ise-Jingue, was coaxed out of a cave by Uzume after being offended by her broth, which returned the sun to the world. ANSWER: Amaterasu [or Omikami; or Tensho Daijan] [10] This storm god was the aforementioned brother of Amaterasu. ANSWER: Susanowo [10] This goddess, who created Onogoro with her husband, rules the underworld, and kills a thousand subjects of her husband daily. ANSWER: Izanami [do not accept Izanagi]

8. This author of the Phantasie Quartet and Concerto Elegaico wrote one opera, The Christmas Rose. FTPE: [10] Name this violinist and composer of the popular suite The Sea. ANSWER: Frank Bridge [10] This student of Frank Bridge wrote a string piece around variations on a theme by Bridge as well as the War Requiem and The Young Person’s Guide to the Orchestra. ANSWER: Edward Benjamin Britten, Baron Britten Of Aldeburgh [10] This star of the Wells Opera and English Opera group founded the Aldeburg Festival with Britten and gave the debut male lead in Owen Wingrave, Death in Venice, Billy Budd, and every other Britten opera. ANSWER: Peter Neville Luard Pears

9. Name these classic Chinese literary works for 10 points each. [10] An extra jade block and the Land of Illusion play key roles in the life of Jia Baio-yu in this eighteenth century work by Cao Xuequin. ANSWER: Dream of the Red Chamber [or A Dream of the Red Mansions; or The Story of the Stone; or Hung lou meng; or Shih-t’ou chi] [10] This Wu Chengen tale is based on an eight-century incident involving the monk Xuanzang’s quest for scriptures in India and discusses a stone egg producing a magic monkey, who joins the monk, Pigsy, and Sandy on the titular trip. ANSWER: Journey to the West [or Xiyouji; prompt on Monkey] [10] This fifty-scene Tang Xianzu play follows Willow Dreaming Plum’s love for Tu Liniang, who previously had an encounter with Liu Mengmei in the title locale. ANSWER: Peony Pavilion [or The Return of the Soul or Mudan Ting]

10. By uttering the magic word “shazam,” Billy Batson can transform into this red-garbed superhero. FTPE: [10] Name this 1940s Fawcett Comics mainstay who is now part of the DC universe. ANSWER: Captain Marvel [10] This villain is a mad scientist and uncle of Billy who stole the orphaned hero’s inheritance. He used a scheme consisting of both stock market fraud and punching things in order to acquire millions of dollars from Lexcorp. ANSWER: Dr. Thaddeus Bodog Sivana [10] Captain Marvel’s ability to call down magic lightning proved useful against Superman in this 1996 alternate- future story, an Alex Ross-painted series which depicts a final reckoning between the elderly present-day DC lineup and a new group of vigilante superbeings. ANSWER: Kingdom Come 11. Name these laws of electromagnetism for 10 points each. [10] This law allows the calculation of the magnetic field caused by nearby currents at any point along a wire carrying a current. It is the differential equivalent to Ampere’s law. ANSWER: Biot-Savart law [10] According to this law, a magnetic field will exert a force on a charge equal to the cross product of the velocity and magnetic field times the magnitude of a charge. ANSWER: Lorentz force law [10] This law informs us that the direction of an induced electric current’s flow will create a magnetic field to oppose the charge that induced the current. ANSWER: Lenz’s law

12. This book focuses on a thunderstorm that caused an “identity crisis,” and the relationship between silence and “possession.” For 10 points each: [10] Name this popular work of “psychohistory” about a certain Reformer. ANSWER: Young Man Luther: A Study in Psychoanalysis and History [10] While Freud created the field of “psychohistory” this author of Young Man Luther popularized the concept and also had an eight-stage conflict model of mental development. ANSWER: Erik Homburger Erikson [10] Erikson’s other major work in the field was this 1969 effort which, among other contributions, proposed that the titular figure’s obsession with hygiene rituals was an attempt to purge the “symbolic uncleanliness of dark skin.” ANSWER: Gandhi’s Truth on the Origins of Militant Nonviolence

13. Name these American Indian wars for 10 points each. [10] Sparked by the killing of John Sassamon, this 1670s conflict, which included the Great Swamp Fight, saw the Wampanoags under Metacom defeated by settlers under Josiah Winslow and Benjamin Church. ANSWER: King Philip’s War [10] After Chief Olactomico, also known as Billy Bowlegs, had his banana trees wrecked by Colonel Harney, the namesake tribe began a final guerilla campaign against removal to Oklahoma, ending with an 1858 settlement. ANSWER: Third Seminole War [prompt on Seminole War] [10] Chief Cornstalk’s people were defeated at Point Pleasant and made to sign the Treaty of Camp Charlotte after this 1774 displacement of Kentucky Shawnee, which was named for unpopular Virginia governor John Murray. ANSWER: Lord Dunmore’s War

14. It generally occurs via hydrolysis of a triglyceride. For 10 points each: [10] Name this process which produces the salt of a fatty acid, creating a substance that certain quizbowl players should become familiar with. ANSWER: saponification [10] Saponification separates the fatty acid from the glycerol backbone by hydrolysis of this linkage bond. ANSWER: ester linkage [10] The ester linkage is formed by the reaction between a hydroxyl and this kind of organic compound. ANSWER: carboxylic acid

15. Name these groups from the Bible for 10 points each. [10] Jethro and Jael were members of this metalworking group, called the descendants of a certain second- generation human, which lived among the tribe of Judah and eventually became the Rechabites. ANSWER: Kenites [10] This group, whose alphabet is found on the Mesha Stone, were alleged to have sprung from a son of Lot and worshipped the god Chemosh. They were the origin of Ruth, while Saul and David warred with them. ANSWER: Moabites [10] Claiming descent from the survivors of the 722 BCE Assyrian conquest, they were excluded from the building of the Second Temple and built an alternative temple in Nablus. A story about one of them is told in Luke 10. ANSWER: Samaritans [or Shomronim] 16. Name these Saul Bellow novels for 10 points each. [10] “I am an American, Chicago born” begins this novel, whose title events include working as a soap salesman, encountering Dingbat and Five Properties, working as Trotsky’s bodyguard, and training an eagle to hunt lizards. ANSWER: The Adventures of Augie March [10] In this book, the former Wilky Adler becomes Tommy Wilhelm and moves into the Hotel Gloriana, where he declines to adopt Dr. Tamkin’s confused philosophy. ANSWER: Seize the Day [10] The title character has to shoot a soldier in Zamosht, hide his daughter Shula-Slawa in a nunnery, and hide in a tomb during World War II. Ultimately, the title character rejects Dr. Lal’s plan to colonize the moon. ANSWER: Mr. Sammler’s Planet

17. It functioned from 1567 to 1574 and executed thousands of rebels, in addition to pursuing a goal of assimilating a certain land into the Spanish Empire. For 10 points each: [10] Name this court which condemned Egmond, Hoorne, and the Geuzen movement, and silenced opposition to the “Tenth Penny” tax scheme. ANSWER: Council Of Troubles [or Council Of Blood; or Raad Van Beroerten; or Bloedraad] [10] The Council of Troubles was organized by this notoriously cruel governor appointed by Philip II. He also made his mark in the military as the conqueror of Portugal. ANSWER: the Duke of Alba [or Duke of Alva; or Fernando Álvarez de Toledo y Pimentel] [10] The Duke of Alba established the Council of Troubles in what is now this country, in an attempt to retain Spanish control that eventually failed and saw the rise of the House of Orange. ANSWER: Kingdom of the Netherlands [or Koninkrijk der Nederlanden]

18. It is the location of sunspots and is dominated by the radiation-absorbing negative-hydrogen ion. FTPE: [10] Name this layer of the solar atmosphere which comprises the visible surface of the sun. ANSWER: photosphere [10] The photosphere is structured as a network of these convective cells of gas 1500 kilometers wide, which rise from internal layers to radiate energy and are then replaced in a constant process. ANSWER: granules [10] Sometimes known as a “moustache,” this photospheric structure, visible in the H-alpha wings, is caused by a magnetic field coming through the surface of the sun on the edge of a sunspot. ANSWER: Ellerman bomb

19. Name these guys with theories of intelligence for 10 points each. [10] This dude’s “multiple intelligences” theory includes “linguistic,” “logical-mathematical,” “musical,” “interpersonal,” and other intelligences. ANSWER: Howard Gardner [10] This guy’s “triarchic theory” arranges cognitive processes, application, and integration of the internal and external as three steps in a hierarchy. ANSWER: Robert Sternberg [10] He proposed that the proper balance of assimilation and accommodation is the key to mental growth, and also outlined the sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete-operational, and formal-operational periods. ANSWER: Jean Piaget

20. Name these recently prominent authors in the German language for 10 points each. [10] He lampooned Bertolt Brecht in “The Plebeians Rehearse the Uprising” and wrote “Cat and Mouse” and “Dog Years” to complete the Danzig trilogy. ANSWER: Günter Grass [10] This author of the popular 1995 novel Der Vorleser returned with the short-story volume Liebesfluchten, which juxtaposes male difficulty in expressing love with German war guilt. ANSWER: Bernhard Schlink [10] This author of the unauthorized Ibsen sequel “What Happened After Nora Left Her Husband” won some prize in 2004 for such works as the poetry volume Lisa's Shadow and the novel “We're Decoys, Baby!” as well as the feminist tracts Women as Lovers and The Piano Teacher. ANSWER: Elfriede Jelinek