2015-2016 Academic Year Fall Semester

YTU 2015-2016 ACADEMIC YEAR FALL SEMESTER MDB1031 ADVANCED ENGLISH I 1ST MIDTERM REVISION

A. Complete the sentences with the BEST word from the table. Two words are EXTRA. (Weeks 3,4,5)

accelerate (v) founded (v) inequality (n) poverty (n) execution (n) respiratory (adj)

frequently inaccurate absolute (adj) significance (n) resign (v) convenient (adj) (adv) (adj)

devastation (n) offered (v) accessible (adj) victims (n) broadcast (v)

1. She started working for Turkish Airlines as a hostess. She rented a flat in Yeşilköy to make it convenient to arrive at the airport easily. 2. Children who witness domestic violence may require long-term counselling to cope with the emotional devastation. They need experts to recover from the damage they experienced. 3. They offered him a very good job in Spain, but he turned it down. He couldn't evaluate the advantages of this proposal. 4. The authorities claim that the Ottoman archives are accessible to historians and they're even posted online. They can reach those documents easily today. 5. The execution of Louis XVI, took place on 21 January 1793 at the Place de la Révolution. He was killed by means of the guillotine. 6. Respiratory conditions affect the airways, including the lungs as well as the passages that transfer air from the mouth and nose into the lungs. 7. The word "analyse" is one of the most frequently used verbs in academic essays. It is quite common to see this word in formal texts. 8. A lot of information shared in Facebook is inaccurate. You should check the source of the news carefully since they might include fake or wrong data. 9. Parents should explain their children the significance of a well-balanced diet in school life. Nutrition is very important to be successful in the exams. 10. Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe announced he would resign if his Liberal Democratic Party did not win a majority. He said he would stop working for the party. 11. The number of poor people in the world is increasing dramatically. We need an effective strategy to fight poverty. 12. A student may accelerate progress toward graduation by accumulating thirty-six course credits in fewer than eight terms of enrolment. This would make him/her finish university in a shorter time. 13. YTU was founded as Kondüktör Mekteb-i Âlisi (Conductors School of Higher Education) in order to meet the "science officer" needs of the Municipality Public Works Section in 1911. The school was established as an autonomous higher education and research institution in 1969. 14. Income inequality refers to income being distributed in an uneven manner. In the United States, this lack of balance, the gap between rich and poor, is growing. 15. The United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) reports children are the main victims of war, with many suffering mental stress that will last a lifetime.

106 B. Read the text and answer the questions below.

Male And Female Brains -Wired Differently

1 Maps of neural circuitry show women's brains are suited to social skills and memory while men's are designed for perception and co-ordination. Scientists have drawn on nearly 1,000 brain scans to confirm what many had surely concluded long ago: those stark differences exist in the wiring of male and female brains. Maps of neural circuitry showed that on average women's brains were highly connected across the left and right hemispheres, in contrast to men's brains, where the connections were typically stronger between the front and back regions.

2 Ragini Verma, a researcher at the University of Pennsylvania, said the greatest surprise was how much the findings supported old stereotypes, with men's brains apparently wired more for perception and co-ordinated actions, and women's for social skills and memory, making them better equipped for multitasking. "If you look at functional studies, the left of the brain is more for logical thinking; the right of the brain is for more intuitive thinking. So if there's a task that involves doing both of those things, it would seem that women are hardwired to do those better," Verma said. "Women are better at intuitive thinking. Women are better at remembering things. When you talk, women are more emotionally involved – they will listen more." She added: "I was surprised that it matched a lot of the stereotypes that we think we have in our heads. If I wanted to go to a chef or a hairstylist, they are mainly men."

3 The findings come from one of the largest studies to look at how brains are wired in healthy males and females. Details of the study are published in the journal “Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences”. The maps give scientists a more complete picture of what counts as normal for each sex at various ages. Armed with the maps, they hope to learn more about whether abnormalities in brain connectivity affect brain disorders such as schizophrenia and depression.

4 Verma's team used a recent technique to map neural connections in the brains of 428 males and 521 females aged 8 to 22. The neural connections are much like a road system over which the brain's traffic travels. The scans showed greater connectivity between the left and right sides of the brain in women, while the connections in men were mostly confined to individual hemispheres. The only region where men had more connections between the left and right sides of the brain was in the cerebellum, which plays a vital role in motor control. "If you want to learn how to ski, it's the cerebellum that has to be strong," Verma said.

5 Male and female brains showed few differences in connectivity up to the age of 13, but became more differentiated in 14- to 17-year-olds. This proves why during childhood girls and boys may think or behave alike whereas these may change by the adolescence. Especially after adolescence, the alterations in characters and manners differ drastically even they share the same social environment.

6 In conclusion, the new findings supported our assumptions and we no longer think they are just our imagination! The scans clearly show how traffic flows in our heads. These findings are expected to lead new research in the world of medicine and business. On the other hand, the findings do not mean we are from different worlds and can no longer keep up. Contrastingly, the difference in traffic gives way to exciting encounters and we are fond of each other sometimes with a vague reason that the research until now could not decipher.

1. According to Paragraph 2, which is NOT 2. In paragraph 3, “they” refers to ______. true? a) studies a) Women think more emotionally. b) scientists b) Female brain is better at remembering. c) males and females c) Left hemisphere is usually for d) maps feelings. d) New findings match with old beliefs.

107 3. According to paragraph 4, ______.

a) Male brain is densely wired to connect two hemispheres b) Motor activities can be improved by skiing c) Female brain has more connections in individual hemispheres d) Cerebellum is related to motor activities

4. In paragraph 6, “difference in traffic gives way to exciting encounters” mean ______.

a) People who meet after a long time may feel excited b) People may meet new people in traffic and these may transform into relations c) The alterations in male-female brain may be the reason of attraction between sexes d) Sometimes somebody different from is can be our best friend

5. It can be deduced that the writer of this text is ______.

a) Most probably a doctor b) Somebody with a sexist point of view c) Possibly a man d) Quite objective while explaining the study

C) Match the main ideas with the paragraphs 2-5.

Paragraph __2__ The results of the research matches with our assumptions about the differences between male and female brain. Paragraph __4__ A new method is practiced on more than 400 males and females to analyze the structure of the brain. Paragraph __3__ The research is one of the most comprehensive research held until today. Paragraph __5__ The differences in brain become more dominant as people get older.

D) Circle the word closest in meaning to the words in bold.

stark (par.1) a) absolute b) unknown c) famous intuitive (par.2) a) logical b) emotional c) abstract various (par.3) a) same b) permanent c) numerous alike (par.5) a) similar b) indifferent c) cool vague (par.6) a) unclear b) shocking c) depressing

108 E. Read the sentences below and categorize them by writing M-Main Idea; S-Supporting; NS- Not Supporting in the blanks next to the sentences.

Part A

1. ___M___ The films of Alfred Hitchcock share some certain characteristics. 2. ___NS___ He began directing in the United Kingdom. 3. ___S__ They often portray innocent people caught up in circumstances beyond their understanding. 4. ___S___ Hitchcock's films draw heavily on both fear and fantasy.

Part B

1. ___S___ He considers himself to be more intelligent than humans or dogs. 2. ___S___ He hates Mondays and has a big love for lasagna. 3. ___M___ Garfield is a world famous comic strip featuring the lazy fat cat Garfield. 4. ___NS___ He was named Garfield after his grandfather.

F. Read the paragraphs below and answer the questions.

1. Is there a hairy monster in the Pacific Northwest? Some people think so. They say it lives in the mountains. They call it "Bigfoot." No one knows for sure if Bigfoot is real. Hundreds of people say they have seen the monster, and many more claim to have seen its huge footprints. Reports state that Bigfoot looks like an ape. It doesn't run, but it walks very fast. Bigfoot is said to be a fast swimmer as well. Reports of the strange Bigfoot make the monster an interesting puzzle.

What is the main idea of the paragraph? a) The Pacific Northwest is a nice place to visit. b) Bigfoot looks like an ape. c) Bigfoot is still a mystery to everyone. d) Bigfoot's physical features

2. Marko and Troy wanted to drive to Key West for the weekend. Marko decided that he did not have enough gas in his car. The trip to Key West was about 400 miles, and would cost about $150 in gas. Troy said that he would pay for the gas just as long as Marko would pay him back when they returned. Marko and Troy had a good time in Key West until Troy left Marko at the beach to talk to some girls. Marko drove back without Troy and they never spoke again.

What is the main idea of the passage? a) Marko decided that he did not have enough gas in his car. b) Marko and Troy had a good time in Key West until Troy left Marko at the beach. c) Marko drove back without Troy and they never spoke again. d) Marko and Troy decided to take a trip to Key West that later cost them their friendship.

109 3. You can learn a lot about people by simply watching or talking to them. Looking at the floor can also give you information about people. You can tell where people walk most frequently because of the worn carpet. The next time you're riding in someone's car, notice the music on the radio. The kind of music played on the radio station can tell you a lot about that person.

Choose an appropriate topic sentence for this paragraph: a) There are many ways to learn where people walk. b) There are many ways to learn about people. c) There are many ways to listen to the radio. d) There are many ways to watch people.

4. Each year experts study the movie habits of Americans. The study shows some interesting facts. For example, did you know that young people go to more movies than any other age group? Almost one half of all Americans are over 35. But people under 35 go to the movies more than any age group. This explains the big success of movies about young people.

What is this paragraph mainly about?

a) Movie habits of young people in America b) Movie habits of Americans c) Why young people like movies d) Why the smallest group of moviegoers is over 35

5. Recent studies in psychology focus on the differences in memory capacity across sexes. Findings mostly say that women are better at remembering words, pictures and everyday events. Even if men are more likely to remember their way out of the woods, women are better on tasks such as remembering faces, the location of car keys which require visual and spatial abilities. In conclusion, women are found to have better memories.

The main idea of the paragraph above is that______a. the field of psychology has developed further to detect and define the differences between the male and female brains. b. females in general are better than males in remembering visual things. c. men have a better spatial ability while women have a better verbal ability.

6. Although it offers numerous advantages, living in a big city brings lots of challenges. First, economic challenges are inevitable. Life is expensive, rents are high and income is rarely adequate. Secondly, crowd and noise pollution cause people to feel depressed. Working people spend lots of time in traffic, either in public transport or in their cars. Thirdly, environmental challenges are not easy to overcome. Especially people living close to industrial areas are under great risk for respiratory illnesses. All in all, big city people should be ready to face many problems.

Topic: living in a big city The main idea: Living in a big city has many problems.

7. Good design is aesthetic. In other words, the aesthetic quality of a product is an inseparable part of its usefulness because products we use every day affect our personality and our well-being. No matter how useful an item is, it cannot find a consumer as long as it is not appealing to people’s aesthetic taste.

The main idea: Aesthetics is important in design.

110 G. Look at the graph on the right and write the appropriate letters in front of each definition.

 : the horizontal axis ( or the x axis)  : a solid line  : the vertical axis (or the y axis)  : a broken line  : the scale  : a dotted line

H. Study the graphs and fill in the blanks with the words you have learned.

Profit of the company

This is a bar graph. The horizontal axis shows years and the vertical axis shows the profit of the company in millions. From 1992 to 1995, there is a significant increase in the profit of the company.

This is a line graph. The horizontal axis shows the years, and the vertical axis shows the value of Sarah’s car in dollars. From 2001 to 2007, the value of the car declined dramatically.

111 I. Match the words with the line types below.

broken line dotted line solid line vertical axis horizontal axis

A: dotted line B: solid line C: broken line X: vertical axis Y: horizontal axis

J. Match the following graphs with the correct phrase from the box.

climb slightly stay the same rise dramatically drop markedly

K. Match sentences 1-6 to pie chart A or B. Write A or B next to each sentence.

1. Fifty per cent of the DVDs sold in 2009 were comedy films. B 2. A third of DVD sales were comedy films. A 3. Thrillers were 25 per cent of the total UK DVD sales in 2009. B 4. Horror films were about a quarter of DVD sales in the UK in 2009. A 5. In 2009 comedy films were half the total DVD sales in the UK. B 112 6. Less than 10 per cent of DVDs sold in the UK in 2009 were documentary films. A L. Look at the line graph and complete the text with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets and correct prepositions.

The graph (1) shows (show) how many tourists (2) visited (visit) three countries in the summer of 2009. Most tourists (3) went (go) to Singapore (4) between June and September. The number (5) fluctuated (fluctuate) between 3.5 and 4.5 thousand. Fewer tourists (6) travelled (travel) to Japan and Thailand. The number of people who visited Thailand (7) dropped (drop) gradually from 2.5 thousand to about 1.8 from June to August then (8) rose (rise) to 3 thousand (9) in September. We can (10) see that the trend for Japan (11) was (be) similar. There was a sharp drop in tourists from June to July. The number (12) remained stable (remain stable) in August and then (13) increased (increase) steadily in September.

M. Match each sentence below with one of the following graphs.

1. The investment level rose suddenly. e 2. The sales of our products fell slightly in the final quarter. b 3. The Research and Development budget has stabilized over the past few years. d 4. At the end of the first year, sales stood at 50 per cent of the present level. f 5. The price reached a peak before falling a little and then maintaining the same level. a 6. There has been a steady increase in costs over several years. h 7. The sudden collapse in share prices has surprised everyone. g 8. The value of the shares has shown a steady decline. c

113 N. Complete the list with verbs of increase, decrease and no change from the box.

to rise to decline to climb to peak to fall off to stay the same/constant to plummet to go down to plunge to stabilize to go up to remain the same to peak to level off to plateau to drop

Increase Decrease No change to rise to decline to stay the same/constant O. to peak to drop to stabilize to go up to fall off to level off to climb to go down to remain the same to peak to plunge to plateau to plummet Exercise 9: Look at the graph below and circle or underline the appropriate words.

This bar graph shows the number of students at YTU Prep School from 1990 to 2005. The horizontal axis shows years and the vertical axis shows the number of students in thousands. According to the graph, from 1990 to 1995, the number of students levels off / falls off sharply / slightly whereas it increases / plummets steadily / dramatically from 1995 to 2000. The number of students rises /declines again from 2000 to 2005. However, there is no change in the number of students from 2005 to 2010, it stabilizes / fluctuates. In addition, it is predicted that the number will go up / level off in the future because YOK will not increase the quotas.

P. Complete the answer by filling the gaps with a word or phrase from the box below.

114 steadily hovering trend meanwhile

rocketed fluctuated peak plummeted

period

The chart shows the average daily viewing figures for Channel One News over a 12-month period. The figure for the 1pm News remained fairly stable, hovering at around 1.3 million throughout the year. The figure for the 6pm News began the year at 4.8 million. It fluctuated, but the general trend was downwards, and it ended the year at 3.4 million.

The figure for the 9:30 News gradually increased from 3.2 million viewers per day in January to a peak of 3.8 million in May. However, this month saw the introduction of the 11pm News, and the figure for the 9:30 News plummeted, hitting a low-point of 1.1 million in August. In the same period, the figure for the 11pm news rocketed from 0.2 million to 4.1 million. At this point, the trend reversed. From August onwards, the figure for the 9:30 news grew steadily, reaching 3 million by the end of the year. Meanwhile, the figure for the 11pm News declined sharply, and in December fell below the 1 million mark.

Q. Fill in the gaps with an adverb or adjective from the box below.

dramatic dramatically gradual gradually steeply sharply 115 slight slightly steady steadily steep sharp The world population grew dramatically between 1960 and 2000.

The world population experienced a dramatic growth between 1960 and 2000.

European City Tourism showed a gradual growth of 50% for three consecutive years from 2006 to 2008.

European City Tourism grew gradually by 50% for three consecutive years from 2006 to 2008.

Diesel consumption showed a slight increase between 2010 and 2011.

Diesel consumption increased slightly between 2010 and 2011.

Consumption of chocolate fell steadily between 1970 and 2010.

There was a steady fall in consumption of chocolate between 1970 and 2010.

116 Worldwide sales of CD-ROM drives climbed steeply during the first half of the year before falling sharply in August.

There was a steep climb in worldwide sales of CD-ROM drives during the first half of the year before a sharp fall in August.

R. Fill in the blanks using the charts and the words in the box.

slightly decreased change remained increased dramatic

The two graphs show that oil was the major energy source in the USA in both 1980 and 1990 and that coal, natural gas and hydroelectric power remained in much the same proportions. On the other hand, there was a dramatic rise in nuclear power, which doubled its percentage over the ten years.

Oil supplied the largest percentage of energy, although the percentage decreased from 42% in 1980 to 33% in 1990. Coal was the second largest source of energy in 1990, and it increased its proportion to 27% from 22% in the previous decade. Natural gas, the second largest source in 1980 at 26%, decreased its share very slightly to provide 25% of America’s energy ten years later. There was no change in the percentage supplied by hydroelectric power which remained at 5% of the total energy used. Nuclear power had the greatest change: in 1990 it was 10%, twice that of the 1980s.

S. Complete the description of the table using an appropriate word, words or number. Sometimes more than one option is possible.

reasons for shopping at ASDA no. of men no. of women 117 supermarket close to home 25 20 good reputation 17 22 24-hour shopping 4 0 parking facilities 21 20 friendly staff 6 6 competitive prices 14 17

The table shows the main reasons why ASDA is a popular supermarket for shoppers. The top three reasons are its location / closeness to home, its reputation and its parking facilities. Of these, the most important reason why men shop at ASDA is that the shop is close to their home – 25 men rated this as an important factor. Women, however, prefer ASDA to other supermarkets mainly because it has a good reputation / of its reputation. They rated the location of the supermarket second. A significant number of both men and women also choose to shop at ASDA because it has / of the / of its good parking facilities.

The women felt / said / thought / considered this was as important as the location of the supermarket. On the other hand, the attitude of the staff does not seem to be an important factor as only six women and six men rated this highly. Surprisingly, almost no one said they prefer to shop / shopping at ASDA because it is open 24 hours a day.

T. Read this sample report and fill each space by choosing one of the words in the box.

accounted increased compared opposed dropped predominated stood recovered fell

Chart (A) shows the cinema industry’s share of the Australian and UK cinema market by origin in 2001. In both countries, films made in the United States predominated with 77% of the market in the UK compared to 67% in Australia. UK films accounted for 21% of the UK cinema market and 6% of the Australian market. On the other hand, while 11% of the films shown in Australia were Australian, no Australian films were shown in the UK. Films from other countries had 16% of the market share in Australia as opposed / compared to just 2% in the UK.

Chart (B) shows cinema admissions in the UK and Australia since 1976. In both countries cinema admissions dropped / fell in the early 1980s. In Australia admissions fell / dropped from just under 40 million in 1980 to about 30 million in 1984–6 while in the UK the decrease was far more dramatic (from 100

118 million in 1980 to less than 60 million in 1984). Since then, however, the industry has recovered in both countries. In 2001, cinema admissions in the UK stood at over 150 million, whereas in Australia they reached 90 million.

Overall, the charts show that the cinema has increased in popularity in both countries over the last 15 years, but that the origins of the films projected in Australia are more diverse than in the UK.