The Earth In Motion P 313 321

NAME: ______H.R: ______DATE: ______SCI & TECH 204

The Earth & Space SECTION 2: Geological Phenomena NOTE-TAKING WORKSHEET

The Earth in Motion (pp. 313-321)

The Continents Divide:  Alfred Wegener studied many geographical maps and noticed that all the ______seemed to be assembled like the pieces of a ______.

 Wegener also noticed that the ______chains on different continents (Africa, Europe and North America) had the same ______and ______composition.

 Finally, Wegener noticed that there were ______of the same animals found on continents that are now separated by oceans. The interesting feature of this observation was that one animal, the Mesosaurus, could only live in ______while another, the Lystrosaurus, could not ______.

 From these three pieces of evidence, Wegener put forward the idea that the continents had once formed a ______immense continent called ______(______million years ago). It was set in a single ocean called ______.

 This ______broke apart into large pieces that then ______to their present sites. This phenomenon is called ______(like the movie!).

Plate Tectonics (p. 316-317) The invention of ______allowed for ocean depths to be mapped for the first time.

This device helped geologists to discover the existence of ______and ______.

1 NAME: ______H.R: ______DATE: ______SCI & TECH 204

 ______shelves are ______extensions of the continents.

 ______ridges are long chains of ______mountains. (Example: ______Ridge)

Scientists also discovered the ______, the ______portion of the Earth’s ______. This revealed that the continents ______on a layer of partially ______rock.

Earth’s crust is divided into vast rigid ______that include both the ______and underwater relief.

These plates ______and oceanic ______are borders between ______plates that are moving ______.

Wilson named his theory ______.

Convection: The Plates’ Driving Force

There are ______in magma, beneath the Earth’s crust.

 Convection current: A movement that occurs in a ______or gas when a ______difference exists within a substance.

 Magma receives ______from the Earth’s ______.  The hottest rock (magma) ______, travelling from the ______mantle to the ______mantle.  Then it moves ______, carrying the plates above it. This is how the enormous tectonic plates move under the Earth’s crust. (Cool, huh?)  Then the magma ______and ______and the whole cycle repeats.

How the Plates Move

The plates move at a rate of ______cm a year.

Three types of movement involving two tectonic plates:

1. Divergence zone: ______2. Convergence (subduction) zone: ______

3. Slip zone (transform fault): ______

This is how ______form, ______occur and volcanos erupt.

When two plates move apart, it creates a ______into which ______can infiltrate and form new ______. This occurs along ______ridges.

When two plates collide, the thinner plate slides ______the thicker plate, melts and is transformed into ______. (Example: The Nazca Plate under the Pacific Ocean and the South American Plate.)

When one plate sinks beneath another plate, an oceanic ______is formed. The deepest is the ______which is more than _____ km deep.

When two colliding continental plates are both too ______for one to sink below the other, the Earth’s crust ______and ______surge up from the ground. (Example: The ______mountain chain, which includes Mount Everest, in ______(what country?).)

 Memory Check: Answer all the questions on p. 321 in the space below.