GCSE Revision Multiple Choice

For most of the following question you need to select the best or most appropriate response from those given. For questions 25, 26, 28, 29, 32, 35, 43, 45, 65, 66, 67, 69, 70 and 71, 2 of the 3 responses are appropriate or correct and you must select the incorrect or inappropriate response as your answer.

1. A proton has: 2. An electron has: a) mass 1, charge 0 and is in nucleus. a) mass 1, charge 0 and is in nucleus. b) mass 0, charge -1 and is in shells. b) mass 0, charge -1 and is in shells. c) mass 1, charge +1 and is in the nucleus. c) mass 1, charge +1 and is in the nucleus.

3. A neutron has: 4. An atom is: a) mass 1, charge 0 and is in nucleus. a) positive overall b) mass 0, charge -1 and is in shells. b) negative overall c) mass 1, charge +1 and is in the nucleus. c) neutral overall.

5. Using the symbol: 6. To find the number of neutrons in an atom: 23 a) take the atomic number from the mass Na 11 number. b) use the mass number a) there are 23 protons in the atom c) use the atomic number. b) there are 11 electrons in the atom c) there are 23 neutrons in the atom 7. When metal atoms combine with non metal 8. When metal atoms form ions: atoms: a) they lose electrons to obtain a positive a) metal atoms gain electrons to get a full charge. outer shell. b) they lose electrons to obtain a negative b) metal atoms lose electrons to get a full charge. outer shell. c) they have no charge. c) metal atoms share electrons with non metal atoms so they all have full outer shells. 9. When non metal atoms form ions: 10. In an ionic compound the ions are: a) they gain electrons to obtain a positive a) held strongly together by the electro- charge. static forces between oppositely b) they gain electrons to obtain a negative charged ions. charge. b) held strongly together by shared c) they have no charge. electron pairs c) held by weak intermolecular forces. 11. Ionic compounds always: 12. When non metal atoms combine with other a) have high melting points and dissolve non metal atoms: well in water. a) electrons are transferred to gain full b) have low melting points and are outer electron shells. insoluble in water. b) electrons are shared to form negative c) conduct electricity ions. c) electrons are shared to form strong covalent bonds. -1- 13. Simple covalent substances are usually: 14. Carbon forms 2 forms, graphite and a) low melting and boiling and insoluble diamond, both of which: in water. a) are good conductors of electricity. b) low melting and boiling and soluble in b) are good lubricants. water. c) are high melting and boiling point solids. c) low melting and boiling, good conductors of electricity.

15. Graphite: 16. Sodium chloride forms: a) is a giant covalent lattice with 4 strong a) a giant ionic lattice. covalent bonds for every carbon atom. b) a giant covalent lattice. b) is a giant covalent lattice with 3 strong c) a simple molecular solid. covalent bonds per carbon atom arranged in flat sheets of hexagons. c) is a giant covalent lattice with weak Van der Waal’s forces holding the carbon atoms together. 17. Ammonia forms: 18. Ammonia : a) a giant ionic lattice. a) has a high melting point and boiling b) a giant covalent lattice. point and is soluble in water. c) a simple molecular solid. b) is made up of molecules held together by strong Van der Waal’s forces c) has a low melting and boiling point and is soluble in hexane (petrol). 19. A metal forms: 20. Metals are good conductors of heat and a) a giant lattice of pseudoions held electricity because: together by a sea of mobile electrons. a) the metal atoms are free to move. b) a giant lattice of oppositely charged b) the metal ions are free to move. ions held together by electrostatic c) the electrons are free to move. forces of attraction. c) a random structure of metal atoms held together by shared electrons. 21. Aluminium has a higher melting point than 22. An ore is: sodium because: a) a metal compound found in the Earth’s a) aluminium atoms are smaller than crust. sodium atoms. b) a compound from which a metal can be b) aluminium forms 3+ ions which are extracted. more strongly attracted to the sea of c) a compound from which a metal can be electrons than the 1+ sodium ions. extracted economically. c) aluminium has a greater atomic number than sodium.

23. All metal extractions can be described as 24. Oxidation means: reduction reactions. a) make larger. Reduction means: b) loss of oxygen or gain of electrons. a) make smaller. c) gain of oxygen or loss of electrons. b) loss of oxygen or gain of electrons. c) gain of oxygen or loss of electrons. -2- 25. Iron is extracted from its ore using carbon 26. Aluminium is extracted from its ore using because: electricity because: a) iron is below carbon in the reactivity a) aluminium is above carbon in the series. reactivity series b) carbon is more reactive than iron so b) carbon is less reactive than aluminium. can take oxygen from iron oxide. c) electricity is cheaper than carbon. c) carbon can reduce iron. 27. Since electricity is expensive it is 28. We can reduce the cost of aluminium to important to reduce MANUFACTURING UK customers by: costs of aluminium in the UK. a) recycling aluminium. Which of the following is NOT a means of b) siting the plant near industries using reducing manufacturing costs? aluminium. a) site near the coast c) using solar electricity to extract it from b) site near a hydroelectricity generating its ore. station. c) site near a bauxite ( aluminium ore) mine.

29. Aluminium is used to make: 30. Select the correct line in the table below. a) overhead electricity cables because it Electrolysis electrode is a low density good conductor of a) Hair removal using Carbon rod electricity. electricity. b) Breakdown using Rod supplying electricity b) food and drink cans because it has low electricity. to an electrolyte density and has an unreactive oxide c) Conduction of electricity Metal rod layer. In ionic solids. c) pans because it is a good conductor of electricity and has an unreactive oxide layer. 31. Select the correct line in the table below. 32. When aluminium is extracted from its ore Anode cathode electrolyte (bauxite): a) Attracts Attracts negative salt a) bauxite is dissolved in molten cryolite to positive ions ions reduce the melting point. b) Positive Negative Liquid ionic electrode. electrode compound which b) bauxite is dissolved in molten cryolite to conducts reduce electricity costs. electricity. c) aluminium ore is heated with carbon. c) Negative Positive Liquid electrode electrode compound. 33.In the manufacture of aluminium: 34. In the manufacture of aluminium: a) Al3+ ions are attracted to the anode. a) Al3+ ions are reduced at the cathode. b) O2- ions are attracted to the anode. b) Al3+ ions are reduced at the anode c) Al3+ ions are oxidised. c) O2- ions are reduced at the anode 35. Iron made in the Blast Furnace is: 36. Steel recycling: a) hard and brittle a) saves 50% of the energy used in the b) usually made into steel. extraction of iron. c) soft and malleable and called wrought b) helps to conserve iron ore and cuts iron. down greenhouse gas emissions. c) saves 5% of the energy used in the extraction of iron.

-3- 37. Steels are all alloys. Which of the following 38.Titanium, iron, copper and aluminium: is true? a) are all transition metals. a) stainless steel contains iron, carbon, b) are strong and unreactive and used to chromium and nickel and does not make replacement hip joints. rust. c) are all traditionally extracted from their b) mild steel contains 0.5% carbon and is using displacement reactions except used to make car bodies. aluminium. c) high carbon steel contains 0.2-0.6% carbon and is used to make drills, hammers and other tools.

39. Use the following reactions to put X,Y and 40. Relative atomic mass: Z in order of reactivity, most reactive first. a) is always the same as the mass number X oxide + Y → X + Y oxide for every element in the Periodic Table. Z + X oxide → Z oxide + X b) is a scale used to compare the masses Y sulphate + Z → Y + Z sulphate of atoms with each other and has a The order is : symbol A(r) a) XYZ c) can always be used to work out the b) ZXY number of neutrons in an atom. c) ZYX 41. The relative molecular mass M(r) of a 42. The M(r) of CO2 is: compound is: a) 28 a) the sum of the RAMs b) 12 b) the sum of the atomic numbers c) 44 c) the sum of the RAMs of ALL the atoms present in the compound. 43. The manufacture of ammonia is: 44.The essential conditions for the Haber a) called the Haber Process Process are: b) is a reversible reaction (which goes a) 2 atm pressure, 400oC, iron catalyst. both ways) b) 200 atm pressure,1000oC, no c) a reaction with a very high yield(amount catalyst. of ammonia made). c) 450oC, 200atm, iron catalyst 45.Fertilisers are made from ammonia in the 46.Fertilisers are used: following reactions: a) to return nitrogen to the soil for protein a) ammonia + nitric → ammonium + water production by plants and to increase solution acid nitrate crop yield. b) ammonia + sulphuric → ammonium + water b) to add nitrogen compounds to water to solution acid sulphate increase growth of algae. c) ammonia + hydrochloric → ammonium + water c) to increase the number of babies born solution acid chloride with blue baby syndrome. 47. Ammonia is: 48. Ammonia can be detected using: a) an acidic gas a) damp red litmus paper b) a neutral gas b) damp blue litmus paper c) an alkaline gas c) universal indicator paper 49. Ammonia gas is made by: 50. Alkanes: a) reacting nitrogen and hydrogen in the a) are saturated hydrocarbons. Haber Process b) displacement from an ammonium salt by b) are unsaturated hydrocarbons. heating it with sodium hydroxide c) react with orange bromine water and c) displacement from an ammonium salt by heating turn it colourless. with hydrochloric acid. 51. Alkenes : 52. Saturated means: a) are saturated hydrocarbons a) soaking wet. b) are unsaturated hydrocarbons b) contains all single bonds c) have a general formula CnH(2n+2) c) contain C=C double bonds 53. Unsaturated means: 54. Look at this list: a) dry CH4, C2H4, C2H6, C3H8 b) contains all single bonds a) All the above are alkanes c) contain C=C double bonds b) C2H4 is called ethene c) All the above are used as fuels

55. Cracking means: 56. Short chain alkanes: a) dropping a plastic plate a) are used as fuels b) heating a long chain alkane in the b) are the most common fractions presence of air to turn it into alkenes, collected from crude oil carbon dioxide and water. c) are used to make polymers c) heating long chain alkanes in the absence of air and with a catalyst to break them down into more useful shorter chain alkanes and alkenes used to make plastics. 57. Alkenes: 58. Alkenes: a) are monomers a) undergo addition polymerization to b) are polymers make monomers. c) are plastics b) keep the C=C double bond when polymerizing c) break the double bond and undergo addition polymerization to make polymers. 59. Select the wrong line: 60. Select the wrong line Monomer Polymer Polymer Used for a) ethene Poly(ethene) a) Poly(ethane) Supermarket carrier bags b) tetrafluoroethene Poly(tetrafluoroethene) b) Poly(propene) Non-stick pans c) PVC Vinyl chloride c) PVC Fake leather coats, wiring insulation. 61. Polymers : 62. Polymers can be thermosetting or thermo a) are colourful, cheap and useful. plastic. b) are biodegradable Which of the following is correct? c) burn easily to form a cheap, clean fuel. a) Thermosets are hard and strong and have strong cross links between polymer chains, do not melt but will eventually burn. b) Thermosets have no crosslinks between polymer chains and melt and burn easily. c) Thermosets are usually used to make cheap plastic bags, pencil cases and ball point pens etc.

-5- 63. Smart materials are a range of modern 64. Nitinol is used to make: materials whose properties change with a) spectacle frames, coffee pot changes in surroundings. thermostats and stents for veins. Which is correct? b) biodegradable sutures which a) thermochromic paint changes colour on automatically tighten to the correct exposure to light. tension b) photochromic paint changes colour on c) self repairing car bodies that recover heating. their shape after gentle heating. c) shape memory polymer returns to its original shape on heating. 65. Shape memory alloy: 66. Polymer gels such as hydrogels: a) is called nitinol a) have a cross linked structure inflated b) is a compound of nickel and titanium with water which can swell or shrink c) returns to its original shape on heating. due to small changes in temperature or pH. b) are expected to be used to make artificial muscles or absorbers of toxic chemicals c) are used in styling hair. 67. Water for drinking is collected then treated 68. Hard water a) by filtration to remove twigs etc. a) freezes more easily than soft water. b) by chlorination to bleach impurities b) contains dissolved sodium and c) by sedimentation to remove fine potassium compounds. particles. c) forms a scum, not a froth with soap.

69. Hard water: 70. All hard water: a) contains dissolved calcium and a) furs up kettles with limescale magnesium compounds. b) makes water heaters more efficient b) increases the likelihood of heart disease than with soft water. c) strengthens teeth and bones c) wastes soap. 71. All hard water: 72. A solute: a) can be softened by boiling. a) dissolves in a solvent. b) can be softened using washing soda b) is a gesture of respect to a senior (sodium carbonate). officer. c) can be softened using ion exchange c) is only ever a solid. columns.

73. Soluble means: 74. Solubility is: a) can disappear into a solvent. a) how well a solute dissolves in a solvent. b) dissolves in water. b) the mass of solute which dissolves in c) cannot dissolve in a solvent. 100g of a solvent at a fixed temperature. c) easy to solve. 75. Recrystallise means: 76. A saturated solution: a) changing the shape of crystals by a) is soaking wet changing the temperature. b) contains too much water b) crystals forming in a solution. c) will dissolve no more solute at that c) when a solid solute reforms from a particular temperature. saturated solution when the temperature goes down.