Anatomy and Physiology Unit 6 Exam Study Guide

Use this guide to direct your attention toward the information to be covered by the test.

Muscular System 1. Which types of muscle are involuntary? 16. Which muscle allows you to manipulate 2. Which type of muscle has long, your lips? cylindrical cells with several nuclei? 17. Which muscle is involved in the 3. Which connective tissue sheath surrounds abduction of the arm at the shoulder? the individual skeletal muscle cell? 18. What is the definition of abduction? 4. What are some functions of the muscular system? 19. What is the definition of adduction?

5. What is the contractile unit between two z 20. Be able to describe the events starting lines called? with the release of acetylcholine through the contraction of a muscle fiber. 6. What is the protein that composes the thick filaments? 21. A muscle that provides the major force for producing a specific movement is called 7. Place the following in the correct order ______. from largest to smallest: myofilament, a. a synergist fiber, fascicle, myofibril. b. an agonist c. an antagonist 8. What is a motor unit? d. a fixator

9. What is the function of calcium ions 22. When the term biceps, triceps, or quadriceps during muscle contraction? forms part of a muscle's name, you can assume that ______. 10. What is the neurotransmitter that a. the muscle has two, three, or four stimulates muscle contractions? origins, respectively b. the muscle is able to change direction 11. Where is calcium stored in muscle fibers? twice, three times, or four times faster than other muscles, respectively 12. Crossbridges of myosin attach to active c. the muscle has two, three, or four sites of which other myofilament? functions, respectively 23. Although all skeletal muscles have different 13. How does a twitch differ from a tetanic shapes, the fascicle arrangement of each contraction? muscle is exactly the same. a. True b. False 14. What is the difference between isotonic and isometric muscle contractions? 24. Muscles are only able to pull, they never push. 15. Which facial muscle allows for raising of a. True b. False the eyebrows? 25. The striations of a skeletal muscle cell are 36. The major function of the sarcoplasmic produced, for the most part, by ______. reticulum in muscle contraction is to a. a difference in the thickness of the ______. sarcolemma a. make and store phosphocreatine b. the arrangement of myofilaments b. synthesize actin and myosin c. the sarcoplasmic reticulum myofilaments d. the T tubules c. provide a source of myosin for the 26. Which Filament is composed of myosin? contraction process ______d. regulate intracellular calcium 27. During muscle contraction, myosin cross concentration bridges attach to which active sites? a. myosin filaments b. actin filaments c. Z discs d. thick filaments 28. Define epimysium. ______29. Define perimysium ______30. Define endomysium ______31. The term aponeurosis refers to ______. a. the bands of myofibrils Figure 9.1 b. a sheetlike indirect attachment to a skeletal element Using Figure 9.1, match the following: c. the rough endoplasmic reticulum d. the tropomyosin-troponin complex 37. Endomysium. 32. The functional role of the T tubules is to ______38. Fascicle. ______39. The tissue that binds muscles into functional 33. When a muscle is unable to respond to groups. ______stimuli temporarily, it is in which of the 40. Perimysium. ______following periods? 41. Muscle fiber. a. relaxation period ______b. refractory period c. latent period d. fatigue period

34. Muscle tissue has all of the following properties except ______. a. secretion b. contractility c. extensibility d. excitability 35. Muscle tone is ______. Figure 9.2

Using Figure 9.2, match the following:

1. I band. ______2. H zone. ______3. M line ______4. Z disc. ______5. A band. ______