OIE Reference Laboratory Reports Activities in 2012

Name of disease (or topic) for which you Salmonella / Salmonellosis are a designated OIE Reference Laboratory:

Address of laboratory Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency Weybridge Woodham Lane, New Haw, Addlestone Surrey KT15 3NB, UK

Tel.: (+44) (0) 1932-357 361

Fax: (+44) (0) 1932-357 595

e-mail address: [email protected]

website: http://www.defra.gov.uk/ahvla-en/

Name (including Title) of Head of Prof. Glyn Hewinson Laboratory (Responsible Official):

Name (including Title and Position) of OIE Dr. Robert H. Davies Reference Expert:

Date of submission to the OIE 25th of January 2013

Instructions

This form should be used by an OIE Reference Laboratory to report activities that took place from January through December of the past year (2012), unless otherwise stated, and must be submitted by the end of January every year.

Only those activities that concern the disease (or topic) for which the laboratory is recognised by the OIE should be mentioned. The questionnaire structure follows the Terms of Reference (ToRs) for OIE Reference Laboratories, available at: http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/introduction/

Each ToR (blue italicised text) has been placed as a heading covering the group of questions related to it.

Please note the red italicised text is given as guidance and should be deleted from your report and substitute with your data. Examples are based on past Annual Reports or have been invented.

The questionnaire represents a means of gathering information on activities carried out by OIE Reference Laboratories and making it available to OIE Member Countries and to the OIE Reference Laboratory network.

This annual report will remain available for consultation on the OIE web site: (http://www.oie.int/en/our-scientific-expertise/reference-laboratories/annual-reports/):

ToR: To use, promote and disseminate diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards

Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 1 OIE RL for « Salmonella/Salmonellosis » – « Dr. Rob Davies » – « United Kingdom »

Test recommended by the OIE Total number of test performed last year

Indirect diagnostic tests Nationally Internationally

SAT (S. Gallinarum/Pullorum) 142

SAT (S. Abortusequi) 187 3

SAT (S. Dublin) 75

SAT (S. Typhimurium) 63

Direct diagnostic tests Nationally Internationally

Serotyping 7,705 27

Phagetyping 935 1

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing 3,748 18

Tests for live Salmonella vaccines 167

Salmonella culture 13,479

PCR (S. Typhimurium confirmation) 41

PCR (thrW island) 91

PCR (duplex) (fljB and intergenic region) 41

Genome sequencing (S. 4,[5],12:i:- and S. 220 Typhimurium) VNTR (S. Typhimurium) 70

ToR: To develop reference material in accordance with OIE requirements, and implement and promote the application of OIE Standards. To store and distribute to national laboratories biological reference products and any other reagents used in the diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or disease. 2. Did your laboratory produce or store imported standard reference reagents officially recognised by the OIE or other international bodies? Yes No

3. Did your laboratory supply standard reference reagents to OIE Member Countries? Yes No

Name of Related Amount supplied Amount supplied recipient OIE Type of reagent Produced/ diagnostic nationally internationally Member available stored test (ml, mg) (ml, mg) Countries and of institutions S. Pullorum antigen Produced 500 ml n/a n/a S. Pullorum control 24mls 7.25 ml Commercially serum sensitive informati on

2 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 OIE RL for « Salmonella/Salmonellosis » – « Dr. Rob Davies » – « United Kingdom »

Name of Related Amount supplied Amount supplied recipient OIE Type of reagent Produced/ diagnostic nationally internationally Member available stored test (ml, mg) (ml, mg) Countries and of institutions

Salmonella typing Produced: Commercially 15,1 sensitive sera 20,295 ml ~600 ml 02 informati ml on

4. Did your laboratory produce diagnostic reagents other than the OIE-approved standard reference reagents?

Yes No

5. Did your laboratory produce vaccines?

Yes No

6. Did your laboratory supply vaccines to OIE Member Countries?

Yes No

ToR: To develop, standardise and validate, according to OIE Standards, new procedures for diagnosis and control of the designated pathogens or diseases

7. Did your laboratory develop new diagnostic methods validated according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease?

Yes No

8. Did your laboratory develop new vaccines according to OIE Standards for the designated pathogen or disease?

Yes No

ToR: To provide diagnostic testing facilities, and, where appropriate, scientific and technical advice on disease control measures to OIE Member Countries

9. Did your laboratory carry out diagnostic testing for other OIE Member Countries?

Yes No

Name of OIE Date No. samples received for No. samples received for Member Country (dd/mm) provision of diagnostic support provision of confirmatory seeking assistance (i.e. from surveillance campaign) diagnoses

Hungary 7 March, 6 July, 31 7 July, 20 August, 20 September, 12 October

Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012 3 OIE RL for « Salmonella/Salmonellosis » – « Dr. Rob Davies » – « United Kingdom »

India 19 April 1

Saudi Arabia 14 November 1

10. Did your laboratory provide expert advice in technical consultancies on the request of an OIE Member Country?

Yes No

Name of the OIE Member Country How the advice was Purpose receiving a technical consultancy provided

Argentina Salmonella control, molecular serotyping Remote assistance

Belgium Salmonella control, molecular serotyping, In loco and remote PhD examination assistance Cyprus Salmonella testing and control Remote assistance Czech Republic Salmonella control in hatcheries Remote assistance Denmark Salmonella in turkey flocks Remote assistance Ethiopia Typing of Salmonella isolates Remote assistance France Salmonella control in hatcheries molecular Remote assistance typing Germany Salmonella Gallinarum testing Remote assistance Grenada Salmonella typing Remote assistance Hungary Salmonella control in broilers Remote assistance Ireland Salmonella control in pigs and poultry Remote assistance Italy Salmonella regulation interpretation, testing Remote assistance Japan Identification of equine Salmonella Remote assistance Netherlands Salmonella modelling and control, Remote assistance and in Salmonella identification loco New Zealand Salmonella identification Remote assistance Northern Ireland Salmonella Gallinarum control, general Remote assistance and in queries, Salmonella control in pigs loco Poland Proficiency testing Remote assistance Portugal Salmonella testing and control Remote assistance and in loco Russia Salmonella testing and control In loco Saudi Arabia Identification of Salmonella Remote assistance South Africa Salmonella testing Remote assistance Sudan General advice Remote assistance Sweden Study design, Maldi-Tof Remote assistance

ToR: To carry out and/or coordinate scientific and technical studies in collaboration with other laboratories, centres or organisations

11. Did your laboratory participate in international scientific studies in collaboration with OIE Member Countries other than the own?

4 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 OIE RL for « Salmonella/Salmonellosis » – « Dr. Rob Davies » – « United Kingdom »

Yes No

OIE Member Countries Partners Title of the study Duration Purpose of the study involved other than (Institutions) your country DFID Zoonoses 1 year Database formulation various USA, Italy, France, Spain Report Molecular 1 year Evaluation of molecular various Netherlands, Canada serotyping study methods for serotyping Salmonella Monophasic ST PCR 1 year Validation of mST PCR Health Protection Italy Agency, IZSVe Land crab study 1 year Assessment of St. George’s Grenada prevalence of University, Grenada Salmonella in land crabs Salmonella vaccine 2 years Field study, Salmonella IDT Biologica, BPEX Germany trial in pigs DISCONTROLS 2 years Collection and ranking various France, Germany, Belgium of disease control and infection S. Java study 1 year Molecular analysis and Veterinary and Belgium, Netherlands comparison of S. Java Agrochemical strains Research Center

ToR: To collect, process, analyse, publish and disseminate epizootiological data relevant to the designated pathogens or diseases

12. Did your Laboratory collect epizootiological data relevant to international disease control?

Yes No

13. Did your laboratory disseminate epizootiological data that had been processed and analysed?

Yes No

14. What method of dissemination of information is most often used by your laboratory?

(Indicate in the appropriate box the number by category)

a) Articles published in peer-reviewed journals:...... 4 b) International conferences:...... 6 c) National conferences:...... 11 d) Other:...... 4

ToR: To provide scientific and technical training for personnel from OIE Member Countries

To recommend the prescribed and alternative tests or vaccines as OIE Standards

15. Did your laboratory provide scientific and technical training to laboratory personnel from other OIE Member Countries?

Yes No

Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012 5 OIE RL for « Salmonella/Salmonellosis » – « Dr. Rob Davies » – « United Kingdom »

a) Technical visits:...... 6 b) Seminars:...... 20 c) Hands-on training courses:...... d) Internships (>1 month):......

Type of technical training Country of origin of the expert(s) No. participants from the provided (a, b, c or d) provided with training corresponding country

a Russia 6

b Belgium 20

b Ireland 7

ToR: To maintain a system of quality assurance, biosafety and biosecurity relevant for the pathogen and the disease concerned

16. Does your laboratory have a Quality Management System certified according to an International Standard?

Yes No

Quality management system adopted

ISO 17025, GLP, ISO 2001

17. Is your laboratory accredited by an international accreditation body?

Yes No

Test for which your laboratory is accredited Accreditation body Various Salmonella surveillance and diagnostic tests UKAS Various serological and AMR tests UKAS Various research methodologies Lloyds Register

18. Does your laboratory maintain a “biorisk management system” for the pathogen and the disease concerned? (See Manual of Diagnostic Tests and Vaccines for Terrestrial Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.3 or Manual of Diagnostic Tests for Aquatic Animals 2012, Chapter 1.1.1)

Yes No

ToR: To organise and participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE

19. Did your laboratory organise scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?

Yes No

20. Did your laboratory participate in scientific meetings on behalf of the OIE?

Yes No

6 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 OIE RL for « Salmonella/Salmonellosis » – « Dr. Rob Davies » – « United Kingdom »

ToR: To establish and maintain a network with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease and organise regular inter-laboratory proficiency testing to ensure comparability of results

21. Did your laboratory exchange information with other OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease?

Yes No

22. Was your laboratory involved in maintaining a network with OIE Reference Laboratories designated for the same pathogen or disease by organising or participating in proficiency tests?

Yes No

Purpose of the proficiency tests: Role of your Reference Participating OIE (validation of a diagnostic protocol: Laboratory (organiser/ No. Ref. Labs/ specify the test; quality control of participant) participants organising OIE Ref. vaccines: specify the vaccine type, etc.) Lab. Assess Laboratory capability to Participant 16 1 conduct Isolation and identification of AHVLA Salmonella species and Quality Weybridge UK system accreditation (participant) (AHVLA Vetqas PT scheme PT0087 Salmonella in Animal Feed)

Assess Laboratory capability to Participant 101 2 conduct Isolation and identification of AHVLA Salmonella species and Quality Weybridge UK system accreditation Canada (AHVLA Vetqas PT scheme PT0088 (participants) Salmonella in Poultry)

Assess Laboratory capability to Participant 28 1 conduct Isolation and identification of AHVLA Salmonella species and Quality Weybridge UK system accreditation (participant) (AHVLA Vetqas PT scheme PT0090 Control of Salmonella in Poultry Order – run for Defra for UK labs only)

23. Did your laboratory collaborate with other OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease on scientific research projects for the diagnosis or control of the pathogen of interest?

Yes No

Name(s) of relevant OIE Title of the project or contact Scope Reference Laboratories Validation of monophasic Validation of mST PCRs Italy Salmonella Typhimurium ( mST) PCRs

Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012 7 OIE RL for « Salmonella/Salmonellosis » – « Dr. Rob Davies » – « United Kingdom »

ToR: To organise inter-laboratory proficiency testing with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same pathogens and diseases to ensure equivalence of results.

24. Did your laboratory organise or participate in inter-laboratory proficiency tests with laboratories other than OIE Reference Laboratories for the same disease?

Yes No

No. participating Purpose for inter-laboratory test comparisons1 Participating OIE Member Countries laboratories Assess Laboratory capability to conduct Isolation and identification of Salmonella species and Quality system accreditation. Reports allow comparisons to be made 16 UK (AHVLA Vetqas PT scheme PT0087 Salmonella in Animal Feed)

Assess Laboratory capability to conduct Isolation and identification of Salmonella species and Quality system accreditation Reports allow comparisons to be made 101 UK and Canada (AHVLA Vetqas PT scheme PT0088 Salmonella in Poultry)

Assess Laboratory capability to conduct Isolation and identification of Salmonella species and Quality system accreditation 28 UK (AHVLA Vetqas PT scheme PT0090 Control of Salmonella in Poultry Order – run for Defra for UK labs only)

ToR: To place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE

25. Did your laboratory place expert consultants at the disposal of the OIE?

Yes No

Kind of consultancy Location Subject (facultative )

Amendment of OIE technical manual chapter UK Fowl Typhoid and Pullorum Disease

Commissioned literature review UK/Italy Control of Salmonella in food producing animals other than poultry

PUBLICATION LIST 2012 – AHVLA Weybridge

OIE Salmonella Reference Laboratory

Publications in peer-reviewed journals:

 Salmonella serovars isolated from table eggs: An overview. Martelli, F. and Davies, R.H. (2012) Food Research International, 45 745–754.

1

8 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012 OIE RL for « Salmonella/Salmonellosis » – « Dr. Rob Davies » – « United Kingdom »

 Comparison of the environmental survival characteristics of Salmonella Dublin and Salmonella Typhimurium. Kirchner, M.J. ; Liebana, E.; McLaren, I.; Clifton-Hadley, F.A.; Wales, A.D. ; Davies, R.H. Veterinary Microbiology Volume: 159 Issue: 3-4 Pages: 509- 514 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2012.04.009 Published: OCT 12 2012  A comparison between longitudinal shedding patterns of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Dublin on dairy farms. Kirchner, M.; McLaren, I.; Clifton-Hadley, F.A.; Liebana, E.; Wales, A.D. ; Davies, R.H. Veterinary Record Volume: 171 Issue: 8 Pages: 194-+ DOI: 10.1136/vr.100865 Published: AUG 25 2012  Investigations of the Distribution and Persistence of Salmonella and Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli in Turkey Hatcheries in the UK. Mueller-Doblies D., Clouting C., Davies R.H. Zoonoses Public Health. 2012 Aug 1. doi: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2012.01524.x. [Epub ahead of print]

Presentations at International Conferences:

 Characterisation of the phylogenetic relationship of monophasic Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica (Subspecies I) Serotype 4,[5],12:i:- DT193 and other phage types strains by a complete genome sequencing. Petrovska, L., Connor, T., Harries, S., Davies, R.H., Underwood, A., Wain, J., Woodward, M., Dougan, G. and Kingsley, R. SGM Dublin, 26-28 March 2012  Learning Stakeholder Attitudes through an interactive workshop – a case study on Salmonella control in GB pigs. Cook, A., Marier, E., Clifton-Hadley, F.A., Sheehan, R., Hill, A., Davies, R., Armstrong, D., Turvey, K., Rushton, J. & Brunton, L. (2012). 13th conference of the International Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics (ISVEE XIII) 2012, Maastricht, the Netherlands, 20-24 August 2012  Using an interactive workshop to learn stakeholder attitudes on Salmonella control in GB pigs. Brunton, L.A., Marier, E., Clifton-Hadley, F.A., Sheehan, R., Hill, A., Davies, R., Armstrong, D., Turvey, K., Rushton, J., Crayford, G. and Cook, A. (2012). Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Annual Meeting 2012, Glasgow, Scotland 28-30 March 2012.  Results from Salmonella National Control Programme in chicken laying flocks in GB: 2008 – 2010. Lawes, J.R., Cheney, T., Mueller-Doblies, D. & Davies, R.. Society for Veterinary Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine Annual Meeting 2012, Glasgow, Scotland 28-30 March 2012.  Salmonella surveillance data from turkeys – example of the situation in the UK. Mueller- Doblies, D.; 6th turkey science and production conference, Macclesfield, UK, 21-23 March 2012  Study on the effect of storage conditions on the recovery of Salmonella from boot swabs and hairnets. Rabie, A., McLaren, I., Sayers, A.R., Vaughan, K., Kell, N. and Davies, R.H. IAFP's European Symposium on Food Safety, Warsaw, Poland, 21-23 May, 2012

Presentations at National Conferences

 Presentation to the industry of OZ0332 findings: British Egg Council headquarters. Martelli, F., 1 March 2012  Salmonella in eggs – what’s the actual risk for humans? Martelli, F. AHVLA Salmonella training day, 24-25 January 2012  Salmonella in Poultry. Davies, R.H. AHVLA Salmonella training day, 24-25 January 2012  Disinfectants and Organic Acids. McLaren, I. AHVLA Salmonella Training day, 24-25 January 2012  Salmonella culture in the laboratory. McLaren, I. AHVLA Salmonella Training day, 24-25 January 2012  Investigation of sampling sensitivity and sampling/testing issues in the context of the NCP. Gosling, R.J. AHVLA Salmonella Training day 2012.  National Control Programmes for Salmonella in Chickens. Mueller-Doblies, D. AHVLA Salmonella Training day 2012.

Annual reports of OIE Reference Laboratories, 2012 9 OIE RL for « Salmonella/Salmonellosis » – « Dr. Rob Davies » – « United Kingdom »

 Salmonella serovars and phage types associated with specific animal reservoirs and their epidemiology. Mueller-Doblies, D. and Davies, R.H.; HPA conference, Warwick University, 11-12 Sept 2012  Surveillance and field studies of monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium in food animal production. Gosling, R.J. HPA conference, Warwick University, 11-12 Sept 2012  Salmonella associated with captive reptiles and amphibians in Great Britain from 2000 to 2011 - Possible implications on human Salmonellosis. Wu, G., Kidd, S., Davies, R. and Lawes, J. HPA conference, Warwick University, 11-12 Sept 2012  Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium research. R Davies; Epidemiology of Foodborne Infections Group (EFIG) meeting, 20th June 2012

Other presentations:

 Routes of Transmission - Salmonella in poultry. R. Davies, lecture for MSc students in Veterinary microbiology at the University of Surrey, 19 November 2012  Poultry Salmonella Update. R. Davies. AHVLA/SAC Avian Expert Group Science Day, 10 December 2012  2 BPEX/Defra pig NCP roadshows. R. Davies

10 Annual reports of OIE Reference Centres, 2012