Study Guide – Ecology (Part #1) Name: ______13.3-13.4, 13.6, 14.5, ch. 16, 22.5, 27.1 Date: ______Pd: ___

Chapter 13

1. Compare and Contrast: Contrast Food Chain Compare Food Chain and Food Contrast Food Web Web

2. Construct a food chain using at least four organisms. Label each of the four trophic levels and include the specific types of consumers. (You do not have to draw pictures!)

3. Use the food web diagram to answer the following questions:

a. The food web shows how energy moves through a(n)______. b. The ______is a carnivore and the ______is an omnivore. c. The ______&______both feed at the third and fourth trophic levels. d. The photosynthetic ______are the producers and the base of this ecosystem. e. What is one bad thing that might happen if the killer whale “disappeared” from this ecosystem? 4. Use the food energy pyramid to answer the following questions: Pyramid of Numbers 5 (less energy)

5000 500,000

5,000,000 (more energy) a. The energy pyramid shows the reduction of numbers at each ______level. *shows numbers of each b. Level _____ has 10 percent of the energy available in level B. organism. c. Use arrows to illustrate the flow of energy in the pyramid on the diagram. d. Decomposers and detritivores (scavengers) are usually placed at the top of energy pyramids and food chains. What is the main purpose of these organisms in an ecosystem?

Chapter 14

5. Use the diagram below the answer the following questions:

a. Refer to the illustration above. The process shown is known as ______succession. b. For the type of succession shown above to occur, usually a disturbance such as ______or ______must occur. Plants remaining after the disturbance reestablish the community. c. ______succession is the establishment and development of an ecosystem in previously uninhabited areas. The first organisms that live in this area are ______. d. List the organism above that is in the climax community of succession: ______

Chapter 16

6. Compare and Contrast: Contrast Renewable Resources Compare Renewable and Contrast Nonrenewable Nonrenewable Resources Resources

Example: Example: 7. Summarize the definition of each concept below. a. greenhouse effect b. global warming c. acid rain d. pollution e. biomagnification

8. Answer the following: a. What is an indicator species? b. What is biodiversity? c. What are some ways humans can cause habitat fragmentation? d. What is an introduced species? What kind of effects can they have on the environment? e. What is sustainable development? What can we do to help protect and restore ecosystems?

22.5

9. Give an example of each of the following:

a. mimicry: ______e. thigmotropism: ______b. hibernation: ______f. gravitropism: ______c. migration: ______g. hydrotropism: ______d. phototropism: ______

27.1

10. Answer the following: a. What is a stimulus? Provide examples. b. Define biological clock. c. Define circadian rhythm. d. What are some examples of cyclical behaviors in animals? e. What types of behaviors are learned vs. innate? Provide examples to support your answer.