Children and Young People 2007 594

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <480> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008285255 Authors Thomas R.E. Baker P. Lorenzetti D. Institution (Thomas) Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, UCMC, #1707-1632 14th Avenue, Calgary, AB T2M 1N7, Canada. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Family-based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents. Source Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (1), 2007. Article Number: CD004493. Date of Publication: 2007. Abstract Background: There is evidence that children's decisions to smoke are influenced by family and friends. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of interventions to help family members to strengthen non-smoking attitudes and promote non-smoking by children and other family members. Search strategy: We searched 14 electronic bibliographic databases, including the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We also searched unpublished material, and the reference lists of key articles. We performed both free-text Internet searches and targeted searches of appropriate web sites, and we hand-searched key journals not available electronically. We also consulted authors and experts in the field. The most recent search was performed in November 2007. Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions with children (aged 5-12) or adolescents (aged 13-18) and family members to deter the use of tobacco. The primary outcome was the effect of the intervention on the smoking status of children who reported no use of tobacco at baseline. Included trials had to report outcomes measured at least six months from the start of the intervention. Data collection and analysis: We reviewed all potentially relevant citations and retrieved the full text to determine whether the study was an RCT and matched our inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted study data and assessed them for methodological quality. The studies were too limited in number and quality to undertake a formal meta-analysis, and we present a narrative synthesis. Main results: We identified 22 RCTs of family interventions to prevent smoking. We identified six RCTs in Category 1 (minimal risk of bias on all counts); ten in Category 2 (a risk of bias in one or more areas); and six in Category 3 (risks of bias in design and execution such that reliable conclusions cannot be drawn from the study). Considering the sixteen Category 1 and 2 studies together: (1) four of the nine that tested a family intervention against a control group had significant positive effects, but one showed significant negative effects; (2) one of the five RCTs that tested a family intervention against a school intervention had significant positive effects; (3) none of the seven that compared the incremental effects of a family plus a school programme to a school programme alone had significant positive effects; (4) the one RCT that tested a family tobacco intervention against a family non-tobacco safety intervention showed no effects; and (5) the trial that used general risk reduction interventions found the group which received the parent and teen interventions had less smoking than the one that received only the teen intervention, and in the trial of CD-ROMs to reduce alcohol use, both groups which received the alcohol reduction intervention had less smoking than the control. In neither trial was there a tobacco intervention, but tobacco outcomes were measured. For the included trials the amount of implementer training and the fidelity of implementation are related to positive outcomes, but the number of sessions is not. Authors' conclusions: Some well-executed RCTs show family interventions may prevent adolescent smoking, but RCTs which were less well executed had mostly neutral or negative results. There is thus a need for well-designed and executed RCTs in this area. Copyright copyright 2008 The Cochrane Collaboration. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. ISSN 1469-493X Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Issue Part 1 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <515> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008296302 Authors Steinhausen H.-C. Eschmann S. Metzke C.W. Institution (Steinhausen, Eschmann, Metzke) Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Zurich, Neumuensterallee 9, CH 8032 Zurich, Switzerland. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Continuity, psychosocial correlates, and outcome of problematic substance use from adolescence to young adulthood in a community sample. Source Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health. 1, 2007. Article Number: 12. Date of Publication: 11 Oct 2007. Abstract Background: The study of the continuity, psychosocial correlates, and prediction of problematic substance use (PSU) across time from adolescence to young adulthood. Methods: Substance use was studied in acohort of N = 593 subjects who had been assessed at three times between adolescence and young adulthood within the Zurich Psychology and Psychopathology Study (ZAPPS). Based on the frequency of tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis consumption, groups with PSU were defined at each of the three measurement points in time and compared to the rest of the sample. Comparisons included questionnaire data regarding emotional and behavioural problems, life events, coping style, self-related cognitions, perceived parenting style, perceived school environment, and size and efficiency of the social network. Results: The size of the groups with PSU increased continuously across time. The cross-sectional correlates of PSU were characterized by a similar pattern that included higher scores for externalizing behaviour, and both number and negative impact of life events across all three times. At time 1 and 2 subjects with PSU also experienced less favourable parenting styles and school environments. Longitudinally, PSU in young adulthood was predicted most strongly and persistently by previous risk status, externalizing problems and male gender. Conclusion: Problematic substance use is a major problem in youth. Its contributing pattern of associated and predictive psychosocial variables can be identified in the community. copyright 2007 Steinhausen et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health Volume 1 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication 11 Oct 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <594> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 18005445 Status PubMed-not-MEDLINE Authors Lazaratou H. Anagnostopoulos DC. Alevizos EV. Haviara F. Ploumpidis DN. Authors Full Name Lazaratou, Helen. Anagnostopoulos, Dimitris C. Alevizos, Elias V. Haviara, Fotini. Ploumpidis, Dimitris N. Institution Department of Psychiatry, Community Mental Health Center Byron-Kesariani, University of Athens, 14 Dilou St, 16121 Athens, Greece. [email protected] Title Parental attitudes and opinions on the use of psychotropic medication in mental disorders of childhood. Source Annals of General Psychiatry. 6:32, 2007. Journal Name Annals of General Psychiatry Other ID Source: NLM. PMC2206023 Country of Publication England Abstract BACKGROUND: The limited number of systematic, controlled studies that assess the safety and efficacy of psychotropic medications for children reinforce the hesitation and reluctance of parents to administer such medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of parents of children with psychiatric disorders, towards psychotropic medication. METHODS: A 20-item questionnaire was distributed to 140 parents during their first contact with an outpatient child psychiatric service. The questionnaire comprised of questions regarding the opinions, knowledge and attitudes of parents towards children's psychotropic medication. Sociodemographic data concerning parents and children were also recorded. Frequency tables were created and the chi-square test and Fisher's exact tests were used for the comparison of the participants' responses according to sex, educational level, age and gender of the child and use of medication. RESULTS: Respondents were mostly mothers aged 25-45 years. Children for whom they asked for help with were mostly boys, aged between 6 and 12 years old. A total of 83% of the subjects stated that they knew psychotropic drugs are classified into categories, each having a distinct mechanism of action and effectiveness. A total of 40% believe that there is a proper use of psychotropic medication, while 20% believe that psychiatrists unnecessarily use high doses of psychotropic medication. A total of 80% fear psychotropic agents more than other types of medication. Most parents are afraid to administer psychotropic medication to their child when compared to any other medication, and believe that psychotherapy is the most effective method of dealing with every kind of mental disorders, including childhood schizophrenia (65%). The belief that children who take psychotropic medication from early childhood are more likely to develop drug addiction later is correlated with the parental level of education. CONCLUSION: Parents' opinions and beliefs are not in line with scientific facts. This suggests a need to further inform the parents on the safety and efficacy of psychotropic medication in order to improve treatment compliance. Publication Type Journal Article. Date of Publication 2007 Year of Publication 2007 Volume 6 Page 32 Volume 8 Page 25

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <801> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 18309764 Status MEDLINE Authors Matsudaira T. Authors Full Name Matsudaira, Toshiko. Institution Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London. [email protected] Title Attention deficit disorders--drugs or nutrition? [Review] [9 refs] Source Nutrition & Health. 19(1-2):57-60, 2007. Journal Name Nutrition & Health Country of Publication England Abstract 3-9% of schoolchildren in the U.K. suffer Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Since the 1950s stimulants have been used. particularly methylphenidate and dextroamphetamine, with some 75% response rate. The first non-stimulant medication-- atmoxetine hydrochloride, has also been used. However, side effects have included: growth retardation; appetite loss: headache: stomachache: heart problem: insomnia: seizure; change of character: addiction or even suicidal thoughts. Alternative treatments have been used including omega-3s, yet the way they benefit in ADHD is uncertain. They may be important in remodelling dendrites and synapses, and/or sustaining: blood brain barrier, neuronal membrane. neurotransmitter channel, receptors and ion channel. Stevens in 2003 found long- chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFAs) effective for oppositional defiant disorder, whereas Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) specifically was helpful with disruptive behaviour. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is important during gestation and early infancy, particularly for neurodevelopment. The Durham Trial by Richardson published in 2005, tested omega-3s with omega-6s on schoolchildren with developmental coordination disorder (many of them had ADHD symptoms), improving scores in co-ordination and short term memory. [References: 9] ISSN Print 0260-1060 Publication Type Journal Article. Review. Date of Publication 2007 Year of Publication 2007 Issue/Part 1-2 Volume 19 Page 57-60

NICOTINE 2007 / CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <802> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 17976241 Status MEDLINE Authors Rozi S. Butt ZA. Akhtar S. Authors Full Name Rozi, Shafquat. Butt, Zahid A. Akhtar, Saeed. Institution Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, PO Box 3500, Karachi, Pakistan. [email protected] Title Correlates of cigarette smoking among male college students in Karachi, Pakistan. Source BMC Public Health. 7:312, 2007. Journal Name BMC Public Health Other ID Source: NLM. PMC2222162 Country of Publication England Abstract BACKGROUND: About 1.3 billion people are regular smokers world wide and every day between 8,200 and 9,900 young people start to smoke, risking rapid addiction to nicotine. Transition from high school to college is a critical period to adopt healthy habits and life style. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that might influence their smoking habit. Our study aims to assess the influence of factors that encourage college students to smoke cigarettes. METHODS: The data used in this survey were obtained from a representative sample of registered colleges of Karachi. A random sample of 576 male college students of ages ranging from 15-30 years was interviewed using a questionnaire administered by survey officers, by applying multi stage cluster sampling during the academic year 2004-2005. RESULTS: In this study, we found 26.7% of students had ever tried smoking, whereas 24%(95% CI: 21.0%-28.0%) of college students reported current smoking (that is whether one had smoked a cigarette in past 30 days). Among different age groups, prevalence of current smoking was 19.2% in 15-17 years, 26.5% in 18-20 years and 65% in 21 years and above. After adjusting for age of respondent, students in public schools were more likely to smoke as compared to students in private schools (adjusted OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3-4.2). Students whose friends are smokers were 5 times more likely to smoke compared to those whose friends are non-smokers (adjusted OR = 4.8; 95%CI: 3.1 - 7.4). Those students having fathers with no formal schooling were more likely to smoke (adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1- 4.2) as compared to those whose fathers had some degree of education. Students having non-working mothers were more likely to smoke as compared to students with working mothers (adjusted OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 0.9-9.1). Students belonging to Bin Qasim (adjusted OR = 2.1; 95% C.I: 1.1-4.1) and Gadap town (adjusted OR = 2.1; 95%C.I) were more likely to smoke as compared to students residing in other towns. CONCLUSION: This study shows that smoking is strongly associated with age, which may suggest social tolerance to smoking in this setting and that social and educational variables appear to play a significant role in smoking among college students. Our study suggests that such factors should be taken into account when designing effective tobacco control programs among college students. This is an effort which has been done to reduce tobacco consumption among college students and introduce awareness programs to amend their health risk behavior. Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Date of Publication 2007 Year of Publication 2007 Volume 7 Page 312

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <826> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 17608938 Status MEDLINE Authors Anney RJ. Lotfi-Miri M. Olsson CA. Reid SC. Hemphill SA. Patton GC. Authors Full Name Anney, Richard J L. Lotfi-Miri, Mehrnoush. Olsson, Craig A. Reid, Sophie C. Hemphill, Sheryl A. Patton, George C. Institution Neuropsychiatric Genetics Research Group, Department of Psychiatry, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland. [email protected] Title Variation in the gene coding for the M5 muscarinic receptor (CHRM5) influences cigarette dose but is not associated with dependence to drugs of addiction: evidence from a prospective population based cohort study of young adults. Source BMC Genetics. 8:46, 2007. Journal Name BMC Genetics Other ID Source: NLM. PMC1978498 Country of Publication England Abstract BACKGROUND: The mesolimbic structures of the brain are important in the anticipation and perception of reward. Moreover, many drugs of addiction elicit their response in these structures. The M5 muscarinic receptor (M5R) is expressed in dopamine-containing neurones of the substantia nigra pars compacta and ventral tegmental area, and regulates the release of mesolimbic dopamine. Mice lacking M5R show a substantial reduction in both reward and withdrawal responses to morphine and cocaine. The CHRM5, the gene that codes for the M5R, is a strong biological candidate for a role in human addiction. We screened the coding and core promoter sequences of CHRM5 using denaturing high performance liquid chromatography to identify common polymorphisms. Additional polymorphisms within the coding and core promoter regions that were identified through dbSNP were validated in the test population. We investigated whether these polymorphisms influence substance dependence and dose in a cohort of 1947 young Australians. RESULTS: Analysis was performed on 815 participants of European ancestry who were interviewed at wave 8 of the cohort study and provided DNA. We observed a 26.8% increase in cigarette consumption in carriers of the rs7162140 T-allele, equating to 20.1 cigarettes per week (p=0.01). Carriers of the rs7162140 T-allele were also found to have nearly a 3-fold increased risk of developing cannabis dependence (OR=2.9 (95%CI 1.1-7.4); p=0.03). CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that variation within the CHRM5 locus may play an important role in tobacco and cannabis but not alcohol addiction in European ancestry populations. This is the first study to show an association between CHRM5 and substance use in humans. These data support the further investigation of this gene as a risk factor in substance use and dependence. Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Date of Publication 2007 Year of Publication 2007 Volume 8 Page 46

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <827> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 17555782 Status MEDLINE Authors Lehmann TN. Aebi A. Lehmann D. Balandraux Olivet M. Stalder H. Authors Full Name Lehmann, T N O. Aebi, A. Lehmann, D. Balandraux Olivet, M. Stalder, H. Institution Departement de Medecine Communautaire, Hopitaux Universitaires de Geneve, CH-1211 Geneva, Switzerland. [email protected] Title Missed appointments at a Swiss university outpatient clinic. Source Public Health. 121(10):790-9, 2007 Oct. Journal Name Public Health Country of Publication England Abstract OBJECTIVE: To assess the appointment conditions and characteristics of patients who miss their appointments ('no-shows'); this will aid in the formulation of intervention methods to reduce no-show rates. METHODS: During a one-month period, data on all no-shows at the general internal medicine outpatient clinic of the Geneva University Hospitals were collected. Control patients were matched for appointment time and gender. Patient and appointment characteristics were collated on 13 parameters, and these were compared between no-shows and controls. RESULTS: Two hundred and six of 1296 appointments were no-shows (15.8%). Compared with controls, no-shows were younger, born earlier in the year, more often were not Europeans, more often had a common language with the physician or translator (no communication problems), and more often had a follow-up (not first) appointment. Other parameters were not significant (appointment day of week and time of day, gender, residency status, insurance coverage, family physician, medical consequences, covert addiction). CONCLUSIONS: The no-show rate was within the range for comparable settings. Several parameters associated with no-shows reflected specifics of a hospital-based adult outpatient clinic that mainly serves middle-to-low socio-economic classes and is a referral clinic for refugees in a middle-sized European city with a high percentage of foreigners with different backgrounds and languages. Planned interventions should consider local factors. ISSN Print 0033-3506 Publication Type Journal Article. Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't. Date of Publication 2007 Oct Year of Publication 2007 Issue/Part 10 Volume 121 Page 790-9

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <851> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 17458326 Status MEDLINE Authors Arendt M. Sher L. Fjordback L. Brandholdt J. Munk-Jorgensen P. Authors Full Name Arendt, Mikkel. Sher, Leo. Fjordback, Lone. Brandholdt, Jack. Munk-Jorgensen, Povl. Institution Centre for Basic Psychiatric Research, Aarhus University Hospital, Risskov, Denmark. [email protected] Title Parental alcoholism predicts suicidal behavior in adolescents and young adults with cannabis dependence. Source International Journal of Adolescent Medicine & Health. 19(1):67-77, 2007 Jan-Mar. Journal Name International Journal of Adolescent Medicine & Health Country of Publication England Abstract Little is known about the association between cannabis abuse/dependence, comorbid alcohol and substance use, depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior. OBJECTIVES: To establish the lifetime occurrence of depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior in a group of very heavy cannabis users seeking treatment and to investigate the significance of a range of social, family and contextual factors with special emphasis on alcohol. STUDY GROUP: 119 subjects recruited from 19 different substance treatment centers in Denmark. METHODS: Structured questionnaires and assessment for psychiatric disorders using Schedules of Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II). Lifetime use and dependence of substances was established using parts of Addiction Severity Index (ASI), parts of Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) and Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Tests (AUDIT). RESULTS: Lifetime depression (46%), suicidal ideation (42%), and suicidal behavior (23%) were highly frequent. These problems were more common among females and related to adverse childhood experiences and parental alcoholism, while it could not be demonstrated that comorbid alcohol or other drug use increased the risk. Parental alcoholism remained significantly related to depression (p < .009), suicidal ideation (p < .001), and suicidal behavior (p < .03) after adjustment for a range of possible confounders using logistic regression. Physical abuse during childhood was associated with suicidal ideation (p < .01) and reporting an 'all in all bad childhood' was associated with suicidal behavior (p < .03) adjusting for the same control variables. CONCLUSIONS: Depression, suicidal ideation and suicidal behavior are common phenomena among heavy cannabis users predicted from factors related to childhood and parental alcoholism. ISSN Print 0334-0139 Publication Type Journal Article. Date of Publication 2007 Jan-Mar Year of Publication 2007 Issue/Part 1 Volume 19 Page 67-77

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <866> Database Ovid MEDLINE(R) In-Process & Other Non-Indexed Citations and Ovid MEDLINE(R) Unique Identifier 17253511 Status MEDLINE Authors Thomas RE. Baker P. Lorenzetti D. Authors Full Name Thomas, R E. Baker, P. Lorenzetti, D. Institution University of Calgary, Department of Medicine, UCMC, #1707-1632 14th Avenue, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, T2M 1N7. [email protected] Title Family-based programmes for preventing smoking by children and adolescents. [Review] [76 refs] Source Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. (1):CD004493, 2007. Journal Name Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews Country of Publication England Abstract BACKGROUND: There is evidence that children's decisions to smoke are influenced by family and friends. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of interventions to help family members to strengthen non-smoking attitudes and promote non-smoking by children and other family members. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched 14 electronic bibliographic databases, including the Cochrane Tobacco Addiction Group specialized register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and CINAHL. We also searched unpublished material, and the reference lists of key articles. We performed both free-text Internet searches and targeted searches of appropriate websites, and we hand-searched key journals not available electronically. We also consulted authors and experts in the field. The most recent search was performed in July 2006. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of interventions with children (aged 5-12) or adolescents (aged 13-18) and family members to deter the use of tobacco. The primary outcome was the effect of the intervention on the smoking status of children who reported no use of tobacco at baseline. Included trials had to report outcomes measured at least six months from the start of the intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We reviewed all potentially relevant citations and retrieved the full text to determine whether the study was an RCT and matched our inclusion criteria. Two authors independently extracted study data and assessed them for methodological quality. The studies were too limited in number and quality to undertake a formal meta- analysis, and we present a narrative synthesis. MAIN RESULTS: We identified 19 RCTs of family interventions to prevent smoking. We identified five RCTs in Category 1 (minimal risk of bias on all counts); nine in Category 2 (a risk of bias in one or more areas); and five in Category 3 (risks of bias in design and execution such that reliable conclusions cannot be drawn from the study). Considering the fourteen Category 1 and 2 studies together: (1) four of the nine that tested a family intervention against a control group had significant positive effects, but one showed significant negative effects; (2) one of the five RCTs that tested a family intervention against a school intervention had significant positive effects; (3) none of the six that compared the incremental effects of a family plus a school programme to a school programme alone had significant positive effects; (4) the one RCT that tested a family tobacco intervention against a family non-tobacco safety intervention showed no effects; and (5) the one trial that used general risk reduction interventions found the group which received the parent and teen interventions had less smoking than the one that received only the teen intervention (there was no tobacco intervention but tobacco outcomes were measured). For the included trials the amount of implementer training and the fidelity of implementation are related to positive outcomes, but the number of sessions is not. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: Some well-executed RCTs show family interventions may prevent adolescent smoking, but RCTs which were less well executed had mostly neutral or negative results. There is thus a need for well-designed and executed RCTs in this area. [References: 76] Publication Type Journal Article. Meta-Analysis. Review. Date of Publication 2007 Year of Publication 2007 Issue/Part 1 Page CD004493 CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <691> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008067805 Authors Langford N.J. Ferner R.E. Institution (Langford, Ferner) West Midlands Centre for Adverse Drug Reporting, City Hospital, Birmingham, United Kingdom. (Langford) West Midlands Centre for Adverse Drug Reporting, City Hospital, Birmingham, B18 7QH, United Kingdom. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Adverse effects of methadone in children. Source Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin. (244)(pp 935-938), 2007. Date of Publication: Jun 2007. Abstract Methadone is widely prescribed in the treatment of opiate addiction. Methadone is a strong opioid, however, with significant toxicity particularly in children. Episodes of poisoning occur most frequently in those aged under 3 years. Treatments with opiate antagonists are effective provided they are administered in time. We review the literature on childhood methadone poisoning. We also discuss possible strategies for the prevention of overdose. ISSN 0044-6394 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Adverse Drug Reaction Bulletin Issue Part 244 Page 935-938 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Jun 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <716> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008064061 Authors Rozi S. Butt Z.A. Akhtar S. Institution (Rozi, Akhtar) Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Community Health Sciences, Aga Khan University, Stadium Road, Karachi, Pakistan. (Butt) World Health Organization, National Campaign Cell, NIH, PO Box 44000, Chak Shahzad, Islamabad, Pakistan. (Akhtar) Department of Community Medicine and Behavioral Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110, Kuwait. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Correlates of cigarette smoking among male college students in Karachi, Pakistan. Source BMC Public Health. 7, 2007. Article Number: 312. Date of Publication: 2007. Abstract Background. About 1.3 billion people are regular smokers world wide and every day between 8,200 and 9,900 young people start to smoke, risking rapid addiction to nicotine. Transition from high school to college is a critical period to adopt healthy habits and life style. Therefore, it is important to understand the factors that might influence their smoking habit. Our study aims to assess the influence of factors that encourage college students to smoke cigarettes. Methods. The data used in this survey were obtained from a representative sample of registered colleges of Karachi. A random sample of 576 male college students of ages ranging from 15-30 years was interviewed using a questionnaire administered by survey officers, by applying multi stage cluster sampling during the academic year 2004-2005. Results. In this study, we found 26.7% of students had ever tried smoking, whereas 24%(95% CI: 21.0%-28.0%) of college students reported current smoking (that is whether one had smoked a cigarette in past 30 days). Among different age groups, prevalence of current smoking was 19.2% in 15-17 years, 26.5% in 18-20 years and 65% in 21 years and above. After adjusting for age of respondent, students in public schools were more likely to smoke as compared to students in private schools (adjusted OR = 2.3; 95% CI: 1.3-4.2). Students whose friends are smokers were 5 times more likely to smoke compared to those whose friends are non-smokers (adjusted OR = 4.8; 95%CI: 3.1 - 7.4). Those students having fathers with no formal schooling were more likely to smoke (adjusted OR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.1- 4.2) as compared to those whose fathers had some degree of education. Students having non-working mothers were more likely to smoke as compared to students with working mothers (adjusted OR = 2.8; 95% CI: 0.9-9.1). Students belonging to Bin Qasim (adjusted OR = 2.1; 95% C.I: 1.1-4.1) and Gadap town (adjusted OR = 2.1; 95%C.I) were more likely to smoke as compared to students residing in other towns. Conclusion. This study shows that smoking is strongly associated with age, which may suggest social tolerance to smoking in this setting and that social and educational variables appear to play a significant role in smoking among college students. Our study suggests that such factors should be taken into account when designing effective tobacco control programs among college students. This is an effort which has been done to reduce tobacco consumption among college students and introduce awareness programs to amend their health risk behavior. copyright 2007 Rozi et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name BMC Public Health Volume 7 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <729> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008058197 Authors Botvin G.J. Griffin K.W. Institution (Botvin, Griffin) Institute for Prevention Research, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, United States. (Botvin) Institute for Prevention Research, Department of Public Health, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 411 East 69th Street, New York, NY 10021, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title School-based programmes to prevent alcohol, tobacco and other drug use. Source International Review of Psychiatry. 19(6)(pp 607-615), 2007. Date of Publication: Dec 2007. Abstract Substance use and abuse are important public health problems in the USA and throughout the world. In many developed countries, the initial stages of substance use typically include experimentation with alcohol, tobacco, or marijuana with one's peer group during adolescence. While there have been gradual decreases in the use of these substances in recent years among youth in the USA and other countries, increases have been observed in the use and misuse of other substances, such as the misuse of prescription drugs and over- the-counter cough medications in the USA. From a developmental perspective, data shows that rates of alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, and other illicit drug use typically escalate during adolescence and peak during young adulthood, corresponding with the increased freedom and independence of this time of life. Substance use decreases for most young people as they take on adult responsibilities, although a proportion will continue or increase their use and develop substance use problems. Given what we know about the onset and progression of substance use, implementing preventive interventions during early adolescence is critical. Most drug prevention or education programmes take place in school settings. A variety of theory-based school-based drug prevention programmes have been developed and tested. The most effective programmes are delivered interactively and teach skills to help young people refuse drug offers, resist pro-drug influences, correct misperceptions that drug use is normative, and enhance social and personal competence skills. A key challenge is to identify mechanisms for the wide dissemination of evidence-based drug preventive interventions and ways to train providers to implement programmes effectively and thoroughly. copyright 2007 Informa UK Ltd. ISSN 0954-0261 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name International Review of Psychiatry Volume 19 Issue Part 6 Page 607-615 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Dec 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <740> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2008040459 Authors Lazaratou H. Anagnostopoulos D.C. Alevizos E.V. Haviara F. Ploumpidis D.N. Institution (Lazaratou, Anagnostopoulos, Haviara, Ploumpidis) Department of Psychiatry, Community Mental Health Center Byron-Kesariani, University of Athens, 14 Dilou St., 16121 Athens, Greece. (Alevizos) Department of Neurology, Children's General Hospital of Athens Agia Sofia, Thivon and Papadiamantopoulou St., 11527 Athens, Greece. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Parental attitudes and opinions on the use of psychotropic medication in mental disorders of childhood. Source Annals of General Psychiatry. 6, 2007. Article Number: 32. Date of Publication: 15 Nov 2007. Abstract Background: The limited number of systematic, controlled studies that assess the safety and efficacy of psychotropic medications for children reinforce the hesitation and reluctance of parents to administer such medications. The aim of this study was to investigate the attitudes of parents of children with psychiatric disorders, towards psychotropic medication. Methods: A 20-item questionnaire was distributed to 140 parents during their first contact with an outpatient child psychiatric service. The questionnaire comprised of questions regarding the opinions, knowledge and attitudes of parents towards children's psychotropic medication. Sociodemographic data concerning parents and children were also recorded. Frequency tables were created and the chi-square test and Fisher's exact tests were used for the comparison of the participants' responses according to sex, educational level, age and gender of the child and use of medication. Results: Respondents were mostly mothers aged 25-45 years. Children for whom they asked for help with were mostly boys, aged between 6 and 12 years old. A total of 83% of the subjects stated that they knew psychotropic drugs are classified into categories, each having a distinct mechanism of action and effectiveness. A total of 40% believe that there is a proper use of psychotropic medication, while 20% believe that psychiatrists unnecessarily use high doses of psychotropic medication. A total of 80% fear psychotropic agents more than other types of medication. Most parents are afraid to administer psychotropic medication to their child when compared to any other medication, and believe that psychotherapy is the most effective method of dealing with every kind of mental disorders, including childhood schizophrenia (65%). The belief that children who take psychotropic medication from early childhood are more likely to develop drug addiction later is correlated with the parental level of education. Conclusion: Parents' opinions and beliefs are not in line with scientific facts. This suggests a need to further inform the parents on the safety and efficacy of psychotropic medication in order to improve treatment compliance. copyright 2007 Lazaratou et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Annals of General Psychiatry Volume 6 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication 15 Nov 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <766> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007592894 Authors Perry M. Accordino M.P. Hewes R.L. Institution (Perry) Providence Behavioral Health Hospital, Holyoke, MA, United States. (Accordino, Hewes) Springfield College, Springfield, MA, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title An investigation of internet use, Sexual and Nonsexual Sensation Seeking, and Sexual Compulsivity among college students. Source Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity. 14(4)(pp 321-335), 2007. Date of Publication: Oct 2007. Abstract This investigation was designed to determine what variables significantly predicted sexual compulsivity and risk-taking behaviors regarding use of the Internet for sexual purposes and if there were differences within those variables. Participants (N = 307) from colleges and universities in the New England area voluntarily completed the Sexual Compulsivity Scale (SCS), Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (SSSS), and the Non-Sexual Sensation Seeking Scale (NSSS), which comprised the dependent variables. Independent variables of gender, age exposed to pornographic material, year in college, and using the Internet to seek adult entertainment were significant predictors. The age when students were exposed to pornographic material was a significant predictor of SSSS score. Upper class students had an increase on their SSSS scores compared to Under class students. Gender significantly predicted SSSS, SCS, and NSSS scores, where females scored lower on all scales in comparison to males. Students who reported using the Internet to access online entertainment had higher SSSS, NSSS, and SCS scores compared to those who did not access adult entertainment. Implications of the study are discussed. ISSN 1072-0162 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity Volume 14 Issue Part 4 Page 321-335 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Oct 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <769> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007592891 Authors Sussman S. Institution (Sussman) University of Southern California, Alhambra, CA, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Sexual addiction among teens: A review. Source Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity. 14(4)(pp 257-278), 2007. Date of Publication: Oct 2007. Abstract Very little thought or research has been directed to the topic of teen sexual addiction. This status quo is due to differences in opinion regarding the concept of sexual addiction as it applies to teens. This article examines this concept. Its definitions, definitional problems, epidemiology, etiology and prediction, prevention and treatment are described. It is concluded that there probably does exist a phenomenon of sexual addiction that applies across the life course (including the teenage years), that deserves much more study. ISSN 1072-0162 Publication Type Journal: Review Journal Name Sexual Addiction and Compulsivity Volume 14 Issue Part 4 Page 257-278 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Oct 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <822> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2006614850 Authors Storr C.L. Accornero V.H. Crum R.M. Institution (Storr, Crum) Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Mental Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. (Accornero) University of Miami School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Miami, FL, United States. (Crum) Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology, Baltimore, MD, United States. (Crum) Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baltimore, MD, United States. (Accornero) Perinatal Chemical Addiction Research and Education (CARE) Program, P.O. Box 016960 (M-808), 33101 Miami, FL, United States. (Crum) Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Johns Hopkins Health Institutions, 2024 E. Monument Street, Suite 2-500, Baltimore, MD 21205, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Profiles of current disruptive behavior: Association with recent drug consumption among adolescents. Source Addictive Behaviors. 32(2)(pp 248-264), 2007. Date of Publication: Feb 2007. Abstract Instead of using scale thresholds and standard diagnostic criteria, latent class analysis was used to elucidate distinct subgroups of adolescents based on symptom profiles of the 24 Youth Self-Report items assessing attention-deficit hyperactivity, oppositional and conduct problem behaviors. We then investigated the extent to which being classified into different classes of disruptive behavior was associated with drug consumption in the month prior to the survey assessment. Three latent classes of disruptive behavior emerged along a continuum of severity. Youth classified into a class representing multiple and more serious behavior problems were found to have the highest rates of drug use, particularly involving inhalants and marijuana. Contrary to our hypotheses, younger adolescent females in this class reported a higher rate of past month drug use than similarly aged males. Drug use also was found to be common among youth in a class with a greater proportion of subclinical levels of behavior problems. Adolescents evidencing multiple behavior problems, particularly emerging conduct problems, need to be thoroughly assessed for recent drug involvement. copyright 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0306-4603 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addictive Behaviors Volume 32 Issue Part 2 Page 248-264 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Feb 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <842> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007595625 Authors Cavallo D.A. Cooney J.L. Duhig A.M. Smith A.E. Liss T.B. McFetridge A.K. Babuscio T. Nich C. Carroll K.M. Rounsaville B.J. Krishnan-Sarin S. Institution (Cavallo, Duhig, Smith, Liss, McFetridge, Babuscio, Nich, Carroll, Rounsaville, Krishnan-Sarin) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States. (Cooney) University of Connecticut School of Medicine, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, Farmington, CT, United States. (Krishnan-Sarin) Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, S-208, Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06519, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Combining cognitive behavioral therapy with contingency management for smoking cessation in adolescent smokers: A preliminary comparison of two different CBT formats. Source American Journal on Addictions. 16(6)(pp 468-474), 2007. Date of Publication: Nov 2007. Abstract This pilot study evaluated the optimal format of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) to combine with contingency management (CM) in a four-week, high school-based smoking cessation program. Thirty-four adolescent smokers received a standard weekly version of CBT or a frequent brief behavioral intervention. Results indicate a trend toward a higher seven-day point prevalence end-of-treatment abstinence rate and percent days abstinent during treatment in the CBT condition. In addition, significantly more participants in the CBT group completed treatment. These preliminary results suggest that when combined with CM, the standard weekly format of CBT is more acceptable to adolescent smokers. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 16 Issue Part 6 Page 468-474 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Nov 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <869> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007559478 Authors Kemp R. Harris A. Vurel E. Sitharthan T. Institution (Kemp, Vurel) Prevention Early Intervention and Recovery Service, Sydney West Area Mental Health Service, Parramatta, NSW, Australia. (Harris, Sitharthan) Department of Discipline of Psychological Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia. (Harris) Clinical Program's Development, Drug and Alcohol Services, Sydney West Area Health Service, Parramatta, NSW, Australia. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Stop Using Stuff: Trial of a drug and alcohol intervention for young people with comorbid mental illness and drug and alcohol problems. Source Australasian Psychiatry. 15(6)(pp 490-493), 2007. Date of Publication: Dec 2007. Abstract Objective: Substance abuse is a significant problem in the treatment of young people with their first psychosis. This study reports a randomized trial of a brief manualized cognitive behavioural therapy for substance abuse in young people with psychosis. Method: Subjects were randomized between the study treatment and a group treated as usual. Treatment was a four to six session brief cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) intervention developed specifically for this patient group - Stop Using Stuff (SUS). Results: Both groups improved across the trial. However, those exposed to the active treatment improved significantly on measures of the frequency of cannabis and alcohol abuse. Conclusions: Brief interventions in substance abuse in young people with psychosis can help moderate substance use in this difficult to treat group. ISSN 1039-8562 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Australasian Psychiatry Volume 15 Issue Part 6 Page 490-493 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Dec 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <870> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007568653 Authors Song M. Zhao M. Wang X.-Y. Zhai H.-F. Lu L. Institution (Song, Wang) Institute of Mental Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China. (Zhao, Wang, Zhai, Lu) National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China. (Lu) National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100083, China. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Role of stress in acquisition of alcohol-conditioned place preference in adolescent and adult mice. Source Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. 31(12)(pp 2001-2005), 2007. Date of Publication: Dec 2007. Abstract Background: Both clinical evidence and findings from animal models demonstrate that there are differences between adolescents and adults in alcohol dependence. As stress plays a critical role in processes of alcohol addiction, we tested whether stress is involved in alcohol vulnerability differently during adolescence and adulthood in mice. Methods: To determine whether age differences exist in the acquisition of alcohol-conditioned place preference (CPP) in mice, adolescent and adult mice were trained for CPP with different doses of alcohol (0, 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg, i.p.). To explore the effects of stress (footshock) on acquisition of alcohol CPP in mice of different ages, adolescent and adult mice underwent acute (1 day) or chronic (1 week) stress before CPP training. Acquisition of CPP was examined after the CPP training. Results: Under nonstress conditions, adult mice acquired alcohol CPP when trained with 2 g/kg alcohol, while adolescent mice did not acquire alcohol CPP. After chronic but not acute stress exposure, adolescent mice acquired significant CPP trained with 2 g/kg alcohol that did not produce CPP under nonstress conditions. However, stress did not have significant effect on acquisition of CPP in adult mice trained CPP with 1 g/kg alcohol. Conclusions: These results indicate that there is an age difference in acquiring alcohol CPP and adolescent mice are more sensitive than adults to stress. copyright 2007 by the Research Society on Alcoholism. ISSN 0145-6008 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research Volume 31 Issue Part 12 Page 2001-2005 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Dec 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <888> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007542721 Authors Riggs N.R. Chou C.-P. Li C. Pentz M.A. Institution (Riggs) University of Southern California, Alhambra, CA, United States. (Chou, Li, Pentz) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Adolescent to emerging adulthood smoking trajectories: When do smoking trajectories diverge, and do they predict early adulthood nicotine dependence? Source Nicotine and Tobacco Research. 9(11)(pp 1147-1154), 2007. Date of Publication: Nov 2007. Abstract This study evaluated the adolescent tobacco-use trajectories that predict nicotine dependence in early adulthood and when these trajectories start to diverge. As part of a follow-up to a large prevention trial, the present study evaluated 1,017 individuals from early adolescence (age 12) to early adulthood (age 28). Participants were recruited from eight middle schools in Kansas City, Missouri. Students were entering 6th grade or 7th grade at baseline. Smoking was evaluated at baseline, 6 months, at annual follow-ups through high school, and every 18 months thereafter until age 28. The study goals were to determine (a) whether distinct weekly tobacco-use trajectories could be identified between early adolescence and emerging adulthood (ages 12-24); (b) when during development these trajectories diverged; and (c) which trajectories could predict nicotine dependence in early adulthood (ages 26-28). A four-trajectory mixed model (abstainers, low users, late stable users, and early stable users) demonstrated the best fit to the data. Membership in increasingly high-use trajectories placed participants at greater relative risk for becoming nicotine dependent than did membership in lower-use trajectories. General linear models showed greater weekly cigarette consumption for early stable users as early as the first wave of data collection (age 12) and significant differences among all other trajectories by age 15. The findings support the implementation of smoking prevention programs early in middle or junior high school and suggest that adolescents who are already smoking at least two cigarettes per week by age 12 may benefit from additional addiction prevention efforts. ISSN 1462-2203 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Nicotine and Tobacco Research Volume 9 Issue Part 11 Page 1147-1154 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Nov 2007 CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <924> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007500298 Authors Valente T.W. Ritt-Olson A. Stacy A. Unger J.B. Okamoto J. Sussman S. Institution (Valente, Ritt-Olson, Stacy, Unger, Okamoto, Sussman) Institute for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Department of Preventive Medicine, CA, United States. (Valente) Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1000 Fremont Ave, Alhambra, CA 91803, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Peer acceleration: Effects of a social network tailored substance abuse prevention program among high-risk adolescents. Source Addiction. 102(11)(pp 1804-1815), 2007. Date of Publication: Nov 2007. Abstract Objective: To test whether a social network tailored substance abuse prevention program can reduce substance use among high-risk adolescents without creating deviancy training (iatrogenic effects). Methods: A classroom randomized controlled trial comparing control classes with those receiving an evidence-based substance use prevention program [Towards No Drug Abuse (TND)] and TND Network, a peer-led interactive version of TND. Students (n = 541, mean age 16.3 years) in 75 classes from 14 alternative high schools completed surveys before and approximately 1 year after curriculum delivery. Past-month use of tobacco, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine were assessed. Results: Overall, TND Network was effective in reducing substance use. However, the program effect interacted with peer influence and was effective mainly for students who had peer networks that did not use substances. Students with classroom friends who use substances were more likely to increase their use. Conclusions: A peer-led interactive substance abuse prevention program can accelerate peer influences. For students with a peer environment that supports non-use, the program was effective and reduced substance use. For students with a peer environment that supports substance use, an interactive program may have deleterious effects. copyright 2007 The Authors. ISSN 0965-2140 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addiction Volume 102 Issue Part 11 Page 1804-1815 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Nov 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <943> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007469198 Authors Weaver M.F. Dupre M.A. Cropsey K.L. Koch J.R. Sood B.A. Wiley J.L. Balster R.L. Institution (Weaver, Cropsey, Koch, Sood, Wiley, Balster) Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, United States. (Dupre) Commonwealth Center for Children and Adolescents, Staunton, VA 24402, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Addiction epidemiology in adolescents receiving inpatient psychiatric treatment. Source Addictive Behaviors. 32(12)(pp 3107-3113), 2007. Date of Publication: Dec 2007. Abstract This study sought to characterize adolescent psychiatric inpatient populations from two sites and to determine correlates of substance use disorders (SUD). Screening procedures for SUD differ substantially between these sites. A retrospective review of adolescent inpatients (n = 636) revealed that the populations were similar in gender, race and age. Rates of SUD at the site with a formalized SUD screening regimen were higher (39%) than those at the other site (16.5%). Similar correlates of SUD were observed across sites, including older age, legal involvement, sexual activity, childhood disruptive disorder, and tobacco use. These results suggest that SUD is a major issue in adolescent psychiatric patients. More rigorous screening for SUD and its correlates may facilitate earlier detection of substance use in this vulnerable population. copyright 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. ISSN 0306-4603 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name Addictive Behaviors Volume 32 Issue Part 12 Page 3107-3113 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Dec 2007

CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <949>

Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007464254 Authors Mezzich A.C. Bretz W.A. Day B.-S. Corby P.M. Kirisci L. Swaney M. Cornelius J.R. Weyant R.J. Institution (Mezzich, Day, Kirisci, Swaney) Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States. (Bretz, Corby, Weyant) University of New York, College of Dentistry, New York, NY, United States. (Cornelius) Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States. (Mezzich) School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, 707 Salk Hall, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Child neglect and oral health problems in offspring of substance-abusing fathers. Source American Journal on Addictions. 16(5)(pp 397-402), 2007. Date of Publication: Sep 2007. Abstract This study examined (1) orodental (OD) problems in 10-19-year-old children of substance use disorder (SUD) (n = 127) and non-SUD fathers (n = 111) and (2) the moderating effect of child's substance use (SU) involvement in the associations of paternal SUD and neglectful parenting with OD problems in the offspring. The results showed that periodontal problems differentiated between groups and the interactions between child's SU involvement and paternal SUD and neglectful parenting were respectively associated with hard/soft tissue lesions and carious lesions in the offspring, indicating that SU involvement increases risk for OD due to paternal SUD and neglectful parenting. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 16 Issue Part 5 Page 397-402 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Sep 2007 CHILDREN AND YOUNG PEOPLE 2007 <950> Database EMBASE Accession Number 2007464253 Authors Brook J.S. Duan T. Brook D.W. Institution (Brook, Duan, Brook) Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States. (Brook) Department of Psychiatry, New York University School of Medicine, 215 Lexington Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States. Country of Publication United Kingdom Title Fathers who abuse drugs and their adolescent children: Longitudinal predictors of adolescent aggression. Source American Journal on Addictions. 16(5)(pp 410-417), 2007. Date of Publication: Sep 2007. Abstract This longitudinal study examines the relationship between earlier paternal drug abuse, environmental factors, paternal child-rearing practices, and adolescent vulnerable personality attributes and later adolescent aggressive behavior. Data were collected at two points in time, one year apart, via individual, structured interviews. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to assess the interrelationship of the earlier factors with respect to later adolescent aggression. Interviews took place in an inner-city community, within the schools and the participants' homes. Participants included low-income, predominantly African American and Hispanic adolescents (N = 296) whose fathers abused drugs. The fathers were recruited from drug-abuse treatment programs in several U.S. cities. The outcome measure was adolescent aggressive behavior at Time 2 (T2). The findings showed that paternal drug abuse, environmental factors, and paternal child-rearing practices were mediated by the adolescent's vulnerable personality attributes. The adolescent's vulnerable personality attributes were the most proximal constructs to later adolescent aggressive behavior. Both paternal drug abuse and environmental factors were mediated by paternal child-rearing practices. The findings suggest that earlier environmental stresses, paternal drug abuse, paternal child-rearing practices, and adolescent vulnerable personality attributes are associated with later adolescent aggression. Copyright copyright American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry. ISSN 1055-0496 Publication Type Journal: Article Journal Name American Journal on Addictions Volume 16 Issue Part 5 Page 410-417 Year of Publication 2007 Date of Publication Sep 2007