Where Is Georgia

SS8CG4 – Judicial Branch Elements: a. Explain the structure of the court system in Georgia including trial and appellate procedures and how judges are selected. b. Explain the difference between criminal law and civil law. c. Describe the adult justice system, emphasizing the different jurisdictions, terminology, and steps in the criminal justice process. d. Describe ways to avoid trouble and settle disputes peacefully. e. Evaluate how the judicial branch fulfills its role in interpreting the laws of Georgia and ensuring justice in our legal system. Vocabulary: appellate, criminal law, civil law, probate court, magistrate court, juvenile, delinquent, jurisdiction 1. The judicial branch is the branch of government that ______laws, or makes sure laws are being followed correctly and translated to everyone. In Georgia the judicial branch has two types of courts: ______courts (courts that handle appeals from lower courts) and ______courts (courts that hear cases and are tried by a ______or tried by a judge). The two main appellate courts are the ______of Georgia, which is the highest court in the state. They look over cases that have been appealed by lower courts and to see if the trial had mistakes or not. There are ____ judges in the Georgia Supreme Court. The ______of ______is another type of appeals court that has _____ judges to hear cases. The six types of trial courts are ______courts (highest trial court, can hear either civil or criminal cases), state courts (hears cases with misdemeanor violations and civil cases), ______courts (hears cases with delinquent children under _____ and deprived children under _____ years of age), ______courts (hears cases that deal with wills, estates and possessions), ______courts (hears cases for traffic and city issues) and ______courts (hears cases that deal with small civil issues like arrests and warrants). Judges are selected for these types of courts are based on elections or they are appointed. Usually judges in the Supreme Court are appointed and judges on the local level are elected. 2. The two types of law are ______law and ______law. Criminal law deals with harming people and destroying society. Civil law deals with private disputes and issues. Examples of criminal law are ______, DUI, ______, theft and arson. Examples of civil law are ______, property issues, ______and lawsuits. Criminal cases involve a prosecutor seeking some kind of punishment for committing a crime. The ______, or person accused of breaking the law, is then put on trial and pleads one of three ways ______(I accept I did the crime), ______(I do not accept I did the crime), and ______(I do have a view in the decision). A crime can either be a ______, which means you would serve a year or more in jail, or a ______, which is a lesser crime. In a civil case, there is a ______(person accusing someone of wrongdoing) and a defendant. The plaintiff must convince the judge and/or jury that they were done incorrectly by the defendant. If the plaintiff wins, the defendant might have to pay money to the plaintiff. 3. A ______means the right to apply and interpret the laws of the state. The three jurisdictions in Georgia are ______jurisdiction, which is given to the superior court. The second is ______jurisdiction, which is given to state courts, probate courts, juvenile courts, municipal courts and magistrate courts. These courts have jurisdiction over certain areas and issues of the state. The third is ______jurisdiction, which is given to the Court of Appeals and Supreme Court. All cases in these courts have been heard once before. 4. The steps in the adult justice system after arrest are step one; ______, which is when a suspect first appears in court and the judge decides whether the suspect should go to trial. He may or may not have a lawyer present. Step two is setting ______, which is set by the judge if the suspect will not run away. If bail is paid, the suspect may be let go until trial. If not, the suspect stays in jail. Step three is a ______hearing. The state prosecutor presents evidence to the judge and sometimes cases can be dropped. The judge will set a ______if there is enough evidence. Step four is preparing for trial, where more evidence is gathered a ______is selected. Step five is ______, which entitles the prosecution trying to strike a deal with the defendant. The defendant can get go to trial to get an ______, or a dropping of the charges, or can plead guilty to get a reduced sentence. Step six is the actual trial, where the prosecution and defense argue their cases and the judge or jury makes a final decision on the case. 5. Disputes and issues can be handled in multiple ways. Obeying rules, following all laws, not using illegal substances, staying away from troubled spots, having a ______, or someone to speak for both sides when there is an issue, showing respect, becoming involved in ______and ______and choosing your friends wisely. 6. The judicial branch interprets laws by using a power called ______. The Supreme Court has the power to decide whether the laws of the Constitution of Georgia have been violated or not. Judicial review allows the judicial branch to check the other two branches of government and justice is ensured by having all decisions reviewed by the courts to make sure there are no errors or that decisions have not been ______. SS8CG6 – Juvenile Justice a. Explain the difference between delinquent behavior and unruly behavior and consequences of each. b. Describe the rights of juveniles when taken into custody. c. Describe the juvenile justice system, emphasizing the different jurisdictions, terminology, and steps in the juvenile justice process. d. Explain the seven delinquent behaviors that can subject juvenile offenders to the adult criminal process, how the decision to transfer to adult court is made, and the possible consequences.

7. In the juvenile justice system, the two types of behavior are ______behavior and ______behavior. Unruly behavior involves children who violate laws that only pertain to kids and not adults Examples are ______(skipping school), running away from home, ______violation, loitering and being unlawful with ______. Consequences include rehabilitation, treatment and detention centers. Delinquent behavior is children who commit crimes. If a child is under _____, the parent is responsible, but if the child is from 13 to _____, they take responsibility. Consequences include ______, community service and revoking of ______. 8. Juveniles, like adults, have rights when they are taken into custody. Juveniles have the right to remain ______, the right to have an ______present when questioning, the right to be represented by a lawyer, the right to ______cases, the right to bring their own evidence and the right to provide ______. Juvenile courts have jurisdiction for cases with children _____ years of age and younger, or children who are over ______and don’t have a parent or guardian. 9. The steps in the juvenile justice process are set to help juveniles enter the criminal justice system. Step one is ______, or when a juvenile is kept under arrest. Parents are then notified and the child is taken to ______. Step two is a ______hearing, which takes place quickly after detainment. A judge decides whether the juvenile should be detained further or released. If a child is detained, they go to step three, which is a ______hearing. This happens ten days or less for detained children and the judge decides if the charges against the child are true. The judge can decide dismissal or not on the charges. If the charges stay, there is step four which is a ______hearing. The judge decides if the child should be sent to a facility, should get treatment or should be placed under supervision. Another name for this is ______. 10. There are crimes in Georgia for where if a juvenile commits one and is between the ages of ______and ______, they will be tried as an ______. They are called the Seven Delinquent Behaviors, or the “______.” The crimes are ______, voluntary manslaughter, ______, advanced sodomy, ______, aggravated sexual battery and ______. Consequences for these crimes include a minimum of _____ years in an adult prison with no ______. The transfer to adult courts begins with jurisdiction being turned over to the ______Court. First a complaint is filed, then the juvenile is sent to a detention center, then the case is either filed or dismissed, then the offender may remain ______, agree to the complaint or deny the complaint, and finally a court date is sent and the trial commences