1. Locate the Following Places on the Map (Use P. 813)

Name: ______Due Date: Thursday, April 7 th

Chapter 34 Reading Guide Rebirth and Revolution: Nation-Building in East Asia and the Pacific Rim

1. Locate the following places on the map (use p. 813). a. China f. Indonesia b. Vietnam g. North & South Korea c. Philippines h. Mongolia d. Thailand i. Taiwan (p. 823) e. Malaysia j. New Guinea

2. In what sense has the success of Communism in China and Vietnam restored the old Chinese Empire in East Asia? (HINT: p. 258)

INTRODUCTION 3. Why was Yun accused of being a spy and sent to prison?

4. In what year did the Communists win in China?

5. Where did the Guomindang go when the Communists, under Mao, took China?

EAST ASIA IN THE POSTWAR SETTLEMENTS. NEW DIVISIONS AND THE END OF EMPIRES. 6. Explain why it wasn’t surprising North Korea became communist.

7. What was America’s primary goal when it restructured Japan following WWII? JAPANESE RECOVERY. 8. What reforms did America force Japan to make during its restructuring?

9. Why is the American Navy so active in the Pacific region today? (HINT: who is the guard dog?)

10. Evaluate the American occupation of Japan both from its stated goal(s) and the changes it brought to the people of Japan.

KOREA: INTERVENTION AND WAR. 11. It what manner, other than becoming communist, did North Korea imitate the Soviet Union politically?

12. What sort of governments has South Korea had?

13. How does South Korea’s economy compare to North Korea’s?

EMERGING STABILITY IN TAIWAN, HONG KONG, AND SINGAPORE. 14. What happened to Hong Kong in 1997?

15. Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore all play influential roles on the world scene in what manner?

JAPAN, INCORPORATED. JAPAN’S DISTINCTIVE POLITICAL AND CULTURAL STYLE. 16. Although Japan is a democracy, in one manner it seemed as if it wasn’t between 1955 -1993. How could it be said it was undemocratic?

17. What caused Japanese politics to change in the 1990s and how is this similar both to the PRI in Mexico in the late 20th century and the end of most Chinese dynasties?

18. What was/is the relationship between Japanese business and government? THE ECONOMIC SURGE. 19. How did Japan’s economy compare to the rest of the world by the 1970s and 1980s? 20. Why was Japan able to sink every bit of capital it had into its economy given it’s right next to three communist countries, USSR (during the Cold War), China, and North Korea? Why was it not worried about being attacked?

21. What American sport was transferred to Japan?

22. Japan’s government need to promote chopstick training in the schools tells us what about Japan’s culture?

THE PACIFIC RIM: NEW JAPANS? THE KOREAN MIRACLE. 23. In what product areas did Korea compete with Japan?

24. How does the work week and very limited vacation time indicate South Koreans were influenced by Confucianism?

ADVANCES IN TAIWAN AND THE CITY-STATES. 25. Given that China is communist, why do you think the U.S. broke official ties with Taiwan in 1978?

26. What city-state in East Asia gained its independence in 1965?

27. Why does this country have such a low crime rate?

28. What did China promise to do regarding Hong Kong? Why do some not believe it?

VISUALIZING THE PAST: PACIFIC RIM GROWTH 29. List the countries that make up the Pacific Rim.

30. What countries are known as the “little tigers” and why do you think they have this name?

IN DEPTH: THE PACIFIC RIM AS A U.S. POLICY ISSUE 31. How did the Pacific Rim countries benefit from the Cold War?

32. Why do some people want America to leave its basis in the Pacific Rim?

COMMON THEMES AND NEW PROBLEMS. 33. What did the Westerners and the World Bank attempt to convince the “little tigers” they needed to do before they could get loans? MAO’S CHINA AND BEYOND. 34. Chiang Kai-shek and the Guomindang (a.k.a. Kuomintang or Nationalists) nearly defeated the Chinese Communists. What happened to interfere with his victory? 35. Cite specific benefits Mao and his communists received from World War 2 that led to their victory over the Guomindang.

36. What did Mao do to improve the life of peasants and win their support?

THE COMMUNISTS COME TO POWER. 37. What evidence is given in the 2nd paragraph that shows China’s strength was returning during the mid-20th century after the long decline of the Qing Dynasty and the destructive civil war between the Nationalists and Communists and World War 2?

38. What led to the split between the communist Soviet Union and the communist People’s Republic of China?

PLANNING FOR ECONOMIC GROWTH AND SOCIAL JUSTICE. 39. How did Mao deal with the problem of landless peasants in the early 1950s and how does this resemble the policy Stalin used against the kulaks? (See page 699, right column)

40. How did Mao’s policies toward peasants change in the mid-1950s?

41. The third paragraph is a bit confusing. It states that Mao was always on the side of the peasants yet it immediately follows with a description of the “Mass Line” approach. What was this approach and how did it harm peasants?

42. The phrase “let a hundred flowers bloom” sounds very pretty and positive. It refers to allowing differences of opinion in order to improve society. Evaluate how positive it was and if its goals were accomplished.

THE GREAT LEAP BACKWARD: 43. What was the “Great Leap Forward” and who was it intended to help?

44. Why did the GLP fail?

45. What challenge did (does!) Chinese society face regarding its population and how did it try to address that issue?

Gendercide: China's shameful massacre of unborn girls means there will soon be 30m more men than women April 10, 2010 By Peter Hitchens

In the cruel old China, baby girls were often left to die in the gutters. In the cruel modern China, they are aborted by the tens of millions, using all the latest technology. There is an ugly new word for this mass slaughter: gendercide. Thanks to a state policy which has limited many families to one child since 1979, combined with an ancient and ruthless prejudice in favour of sons, the world's new superpower is beginning the century of its supremacy with an alarming surplus of males.

By the year 2020, there will be 30 million more men than women of marriageable age in this giant empire, so large and so different (its current population is 1,336,410,000) that it often feels more like a separate planet than just another country. Nothing like this has ever happened to any civilisation before. … But men without women are altogether more troublesome than women without men, especially when they are young. All kinds of speculation is now seething about what might happen; a war to cull the surplus males, a rise in crime, a huge expansion in the prostitution that is already a major industry in every Chinese city, a rise in homosexuality. … In one class of ten-year-olds, only 20 out of 80 were girls. In another classroom, it was 25 out of 63. … [My friend] asked the abortionist if he ever aborted boys. He gaped. 'Are you mad?' he almost shouted, 'Nobody aborts boys unless they are deformed. Girls are what we abort.' … Boys are kidnapped by families who want a male heir and do not care where they get him. Girls are taken to be brought up as child brides for cherished, spoiled boys, who will not have to worry about the increasing shortage of girls. 46. Evaluate China’s population control efforts in light of the April 10, 2010 abridged article by Peter Hitchens. Have they worked? What side effects have resulted?

47. What problems lay ahead in China’s future given the article and how might China attempt to address them?

48. What ancient Chinese factor(s) is playing a role in the disproportionate ratio of males to females today?

“WOMEN HOLD UP HALF OF THE HEAVENS.” 49. List improvements made to the lives of women in China under the communists.

50. What difficulties remained for women in China?

DOCUMENT: WOMEN IN THE REVOLUTIONARY STRUGGLE 51. Read the FIRST paragraph of the primary source. Compare the view of women in communist East Asia to the view the capitalist West holds.

52. We have read in past chapters how Russia saw itself as backward compared to the West regarding industrialization and tried to catch up through state intervention. China was also trying to catch the West’s industrial might but this source indicates it was trying to catch up in another way as well. What? (The last paragraph supplies a hint.)

MAO’S LAST CAMPAIGN AND THE FALL OF THE GANG OF FOUR. 53. Explain what the Cultural Revolution was and the role of the Red Guard in it.

54. Following Mao’s death, how has China’s economy changed?

55. How does your text evaluate the overall impact of the communists on the majority of China’s population?

COLONIALISM AND REVOLUTION IN VIETNAM. 56. How was Vietnam divided prior to 1750?

57. What European power played a major role in Vietnam’s history?

58. How did religion factor into this power’s involvement in Vietnam?

59. What East Asian philosophy was favored over Catholicism?

60. North Vietnam will be the first area to become communist. Look very closely at the 2nd to last paragraph. Besides the North’s proximity to communist China, what other factor explains its sympathetic leanings toward communism?

61. Your text states that Vietnam was a major rice-exporting country yet between 1900 & 1930 the peasantry was eating less. Explain why this was the case.

VIETNAMESE NATIONALISM: BOURGEOIS DEAD ENDS AND COMMUNIST SURVIVAL. 62. How did the West’s education system once again play a role in helping start a nationalist movement, this time in Vietnam?

63. The right to vote has been called controlled violence. In the American South, following the Civil War, most males were stripped of this right during Reconstruction and the KKK was born in part out of a sense of powerlessness on the part of white males. The French Revolution grew out of a similar sense among lower classes in the 3rd Estate. How did French leaders in Vietnam fail to learn these lessons, thus benefitting the very groups that were the most hostile to them?

64. When and where did Ho Chi Minh discover Marxism (communism)?

THE WAR OF LIBERATION AGAINST THE FRENCH. 65. How did the Viet Minh win support in the north? How does this compare with Mao’s tactics in China?

66. What country supported France’s efforts to hold onto Vietnam and why?

THE WAR OF LIBERATION AGAINST THE UNITED STATES. 67. “The United States was an imperialist power as shown by its involvement in Vietnam.” Evaluate that statement through comparison with France’s role in Vietnam.

68. Why was Diem such a horrible choice as a leader for the U.S. to support?

69. List the nations that occupied Vietnam since the 19th century.

AFTER VICTORY: THE STRUGGLE TO REBUILD VIETNAM. 70. Evaluate the successfulness of communism in Vietnam from 1975 to the present.

71. Compare Vietnam’s present economic condition to that of China and give at least one reason for the disparity.

GLOBAL CONNECTIONS: EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC RIM IN THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD. 72. Why might the 21st century be called the “century of East Asia”?