Daphne Programme Year 2002

Daphne Programme – Year 2002 Final Report

Project Nr. : 01/195/W

Title: ACTION AGAINST VIOLENCE IN PROSTITUTION (A-VIP)

Start Date: 1 December 2001 End Date: 30 November 2002

Co-ordinating Organisation’s name: COMITATO PER I DIRITTI CIVILI DELLE PROSTITUTE (CDCP)

Contact person: Project Manager

Name: Ms Daniela MANNU

Address: Piazza Garibaldi, 29

Postal code: 33082 City: Azzano Decimo, Pordenone

Country: Italy

Tel. N°.: + 39 0434 646678 Fax Nr.: + 39 0434 646678 e-mail: [email protected]

Partner Organisations’ names and countries:

MOVIMENTO IDENTITA’ TRANSESSUALE ITALY

PADUA UNIVERSITY – DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY ITALY

PICCOLO PRINCIPE SNC ITALY

CABIRIA ASSOCIATION FRANCE

Rue de la Loi 200, B-1049 Bruxelles/Wetstraat 200, B-1049 Brussel - Belgium - Office: LX 46 - 05/08. Telephone: direct line (+32-2)2965803, switchboard 299.11.11. Fax: 2996711. Internet: [email protected] 1. Aims of the project

Which problem did the project aim to address?

The daily fieldwork of grass-root organisations operating in the European urban areas proves that violence against prostitutes is a spread phenomenon that remains basically hidden and unknown. The self-perception of freedom, care, respect, dignity and autonomy among prostitutes seems to be consistently lower than the European standards of human and civil rights.

According to the reiterate experience of public and private organisations providing care and promoting the fundamental rights of sex workers operating in Europe, people in prostitution suffer various types of physical (mistreatment or sexual abuse) or psychological violence (the privation of basic rights or moral oppression).

Prostitutes are victims of violence especially if they are street workers, immigrants and/or transsexuals, especially if they reside irregularly in the host country and if they are trafficked or exploited. This phenomenon, commonly acknowledged by social operators working in many European cities, is vast and scarcely monitored at the same time.

Prostitutes, especially if not independent and not autochthonous, rarely denounce suffered crimes and abuses. As consequence this evidence produces that the different stakeholders that should be implicated in the shelter mechanisms that defend prostitutes and promote their rights are not aware of the different characteristics of the phenomenon. In this sense, law enforcement officials, health operators, magistrates, local authorities and social services are not able to set up relevant responses, because they do not know the magnitude of violence, its causes and its direct and indirect implications.

In response to this lack of information the project stresses out the need of analysing the violence inflicted on people in prostitution and people that are victims of trafficking, whether adults or minors. This is why the project focuses on the collection of evidences of violence against sex workers (especially immigrants) through a telephone help-line, on research activities and case studies, with the intention of promoting public awareness campaigns, sharing information and networking amongst specialised associations, local authorities and public agencies.

Increasing public awareness of violence and specifically the prevention of violence against young people and women, including the victims of trafficking with the purpose of sexual exploitation, commercial sexual exploitation and other sexual abuse, is also strongly related to one of the objectives of the Daphne programme, that is supporting and encouraging both non- governmental organisations (NGOs) and other organisations, counting the offices of influential public officials, to work together in the fight against violence.

Who are the beneficiaries?

CDCP, the applicant, as well as its partner, MIT, are grass-root organisations that provide advocacy and health prevention to sex workers. They carry on fieldwork, patrolling with mobile units and offering health prevention and advocacy to street sex workers in their area and promoting and coordinating fieldwork of other organisations in several Italian cities. For these reasons, first direct and final beneficiaries of the project are sex workers and street prostitutes, without regard to sex or age. In Italy 3,208 leaflets (“Doc 1”) promoting the help line during the first months of the project have been delivered to the grass-root organisations and at least 2,500

2 have been distributed to sex workers. 30 posters (“Doc 2”) have been displayed in public offices, social and health services. At the end of the project, street sex workers have been informed of the existence of the anti-violence help line and 7,500 of them in Italy and 2,500 in Europe have been and will be reached by the final bulletin (“Doc 3”) with the anti-violence prevention campaign. Special attention have been provided to migrants sex workers and transsexuals (MIT is an NGO specifically devoted to this target group), especially if they reside irregularly in the host country and if they are trafficked or exploited.

At the same time, other direct beneficiaries of the project are European NGOs specialised in the promotion of rights of migrant women and in the fight against sexual trafficking and sexual exploitation. In Italy 30 organisations have been directly reached by the campaign related to the help line, and the non-Italian partners of the project have reached other NGOs in India, Thailandia, Vietnam, Bangladesh, Hong Kong, Burma, Malesya, Filippine thanks to the established collaboration with the GAATW network (http://www.inet.co.th/org/gaatw/). In addition, the applicant is member of a network of NGOs, TAMPEP (www.europap.net/links/tampep.htm), operating in 22 European countries and operating with more than 20 different nationalities of women and transgender people from Central and Eastern Europe, South East Asia, Africa and Latin America. This network, and its associated, has been reached by the project outcomes through newsletters sent during the inception phase and at the conclusion of the project. The bulletin (“Doc 3”) and the synthesis of the research (“Doc 6”) have been mailed to 200 different organizations in Europe.

Finally, indirect target groups of the project have been law enforcement agencies, police trade unions and magistrate associations, students and academicians on social studies, local authorities, commissions at national level working on related issues (equal opportunities, trafficking of human being, immigration…). They have participated in the final seminar of the project or have been informed during one of the several communications, at least 15 meetings that the partners have done in other public occasions (among them, 10 local meetings with municipal authorities, police Trade Unions, officials from the National Health Institute “Istituto Superiore di Sanità”).

Which were the expected results?

Three are the principal expected results:

- a research on violence against sex workers, carried out by the University of Padua on the basis of information coming from an help line implemented by the project and activated during the period February-September 2002. - measures addressed to strength the trans-national network of operators and peer educators, through: i) 3 seminars involving European and non-European NGOs, ii) a final bulletin (10,000 copies “Doc 3”) and iii) 3 training session for peer educators to became first aid telephone operators. - a final workshop, in Padua, with the purpose of disseminating the results of the research among operators, academicians, local authorities, policy makers and social experts.

If the Commission formulated conditions / recommendations in its selection letter, how were these fulfilled?

During its phase of implementation (February 2002) the project has received a monitoring mission from Ms Jane Kane of the Daphne Programme. At this early stage of the project, the

3 evaluator was able to provide some inputs as possible improvements/modifications. These essentially covered: a. The desirability of eventually having only one phone number with a switch to different language services, rather than four different numbers (with enquiries about technical feasibility and cost); b. The reduction of the scope of the planned ‘final conference’, for transforming it into an ‘operational closing meeting’, which would target more effectively service organizations and partners, rather than the public and policy makers (the evaluator suggested that these could be targeted in a second-stage project, when the research results would be more substantial, and the impact would thus be greater; the evaluator believed that, due to the pilot nature of this project and the fact that no sample size can be guaranteed at this stage, it would be better to target dissemination at specific user groups in this project and not to attempt wide public dissemination). c. In view of (b), the reduction of the costs of the proposed ‘results book’ replaced with the production of a more modest report, possibly in more languages; d. A bigger involvement of the Russian and Polish associate partners in the process, by inviting them to a mid-term meeting rather than just to the final conference.

Concerning item (a), the project staff took into consideration the technical aspects concerning the possibility of using one phone number with a filter to different language services, rather than four different numbers. In this respect, some concern has been expressed by the French partner Cabiria, that - according to its own experience on hot-lines (Cabiria has a 24 h service on general issues for sex workers) - in any case would prefer a live voice rather than a recorded one, even if the operator spoke only Italian and even if she was obliged to address the call to another colleague. A part from this substantial aspects, the project management further explored the technical and financial feasibility of the unique telephone number and all the envisaged solutions turned to be too expensive (the lower proposal would increase cost of at least 30%) compared to the budget assigned to the project. Concerning items (b), (c) and (d), the project staff has fulfilled the suggested recommendations. In details: b. the “final conference” has been transformed into an “operational closing meeting”; c. an exhaustive synthesis of the research (“Doc 6”) has been translated in 4 languages (English, French, Italian, Spanish), sent via mail to more than 300 NGOs, local authorities and universities and published in internet (www.luccioleonline.org).

4 2. Implementation of the project

Amongst the planned activities, outline those that were implemented.

All the planned activities have been undertaken. In details, for the first result of the project, the research on violence against sex workers, five activities have been implemented: - §1.1 Definition of the research criteria and tools, a questionnaire (“Doc 7”) has been drafted by the University of Padua, discussed, modified and agreed by all partners in a plenary seminar (14 January 2002) - §1.2 Diffusion of leaflets and posters (“Doc 1 and 2”) via street operators promoting the help-line services, through 15 NGOs operating in 15 different areas in Italy (Bari, Bologna, Firenze, Genova, Milano, Modena, Napoli, Pisa, Roma, San Remo, Torino, Trento, Trieste, Venezia and the Region of Marche), from 1st February until mid-March 2002. - §1.3 Data gathering (by telephone), through a help-line with 4 numbers and 6 languages, 7 telephone operators covered 7 hours per day from 1st of February until the end of September 2002. - §1.4 Data analysis, carried out by the University of Padua from the information coming out from the help line campaign (47 telephone calls and direct interviews collected at the headquarters of associations), with a preliminary discussion of outcomes (during a meeting held in Padua on 24 April 2002) and a final presentation to the partners and general discussion (again in Padua, 22 of November 2002). - §1.5 Writing and publication of the research results, in different formats: i) a research report (“Doc 5”); ii) a synthesis of the research (“Doc 6”) in 4 different languages (English, French, Italian, Spanish); iii) an extract of the key outcomes published in a bulletin (“Doc 3”) to be disseminated among final beneficiaries (both sex workers and social organisations).

For the second result of the project, implementing measures addressed to strengthen the trans- national network, three principal activities have been planned and implemented:

- §2.1 Training of operators for the help-line services: 7 peer educators have been trained as well as first aid telephone operators during a 3 session seminar (January-February 2002) - §2.2 Strengthening and rebuilding of the Italian network of the help-line operators linked with the local social services, through a leaflet (“Doc 1”, more than 3.500 copies and a final bulletin (10.000 copies, “Doc 3”) to 30 organisations and iii) direct briefing with of 30 NGOs and operators of the street units. - §2.3 Providing, through the help-line, of social services, assistance and advocacy to the final beneficiaries, with the telephone service, from February to September 2002, 7 hours a day, supporting, advising and orienting victims of violence.

5 For the third result of the project, the final workshop, two principal activities have been planned and implemented: - §3.1 Networking and exchanging of experiences amongst A-VIP operators (and specifically i) two seminars involving 30 Italian organisations and other organisations in 30 European and non-European countries, through the TAMPEP (22 countries) and GAATW (8 countries) networks, ii) at least 5 communications on conferences: briefing at the headquarters of the organisation explaining the aims of the project and preparing to the final presentation of data, looking for support and co-operation; publication of newsletters via the site www.exclusion.net and publication of key documents of the project on the website www.luccioleonline.org. - §3.2 Networking and exchanging of experiences amongst other operators (through the workshop in Padua) from the public and the private sector, with the organisation of three working sessions finalised to preparing an operational agenda and a pre-feasibility action plan on: i) definitions of violence and promotion of civil rights and citizenship; ii) answer to the exclusion and the isolation of the street sex workers; iii) communication strategies and aware raising campaigns.

Likewise, outline those that were not implemented and explain the underlying reasons thereof.

All the foreseen activities have been undertaken. Nevertheless, some activities have been implemented in a smaller and reduced scale, due to external and internal circumstances. In details: - §1.3 Data gathering (by telephone), through a help-line, has been implemented with some trouble in the inception phase, due to some technical problem (the mobile lines were not always efficient and the matching between different languages, numbers and timing has not been always smooth and friendly for potential beneficiaries); - §2.2 Strengthening and rebuilding of the Italian network of the help-line operators linked with the local social services have in some case encountered weak participation from some of the grass-root organisations that have limited human resources, limited budget and a series of priorities coming from their direct services. - §2.3 Providing, through the help-line, of social services, assistance and advocacy to the final beneficiaries has not been so efficient as foreseen by the project. The reasons are closely related with the considerations mentioned for activities 1.3 and 2.2, where the “demand” and the “offer” of services have been less responsive than expected.

Were any unforeseen activities implemented?

In close relation with the problems encountered on activities 1.3, 2.2 and 2.3, the management of the project put in place some corrective activities that have not been foreseen during the project ideation and that have been introduced at different phases of the project. And specifically:

- §1.3bis other denounces of abuses and cases of violence have been collected with face-to- face interviews and without passing through the help line. The interviews have been collected by operators working on the streets with mobile units (14 interviews) or at the offices of the organisations or social services implicated in the prevention work (23 interviews);

6 - §2.2bis an extra effort has been done from the partnership on strengthening the cohesion among grass-root organisations in front of the recent promotion of new legislations in Italy concerning immigration (finalised with Law 189/2002) and on prostitution (the draft is still under discussion) with the aim of promoting watchdog activities on human and civil rights violation. This activity constitutes a corrective response to the precondition mentioned in the logical framework annexed to the project description: an essential precondition to the project was that “the existing national laws remain at their current level and not further decrease the rights of victims of violence, with particular reference to the legislative frameworks (where existing) for prostitution, immigration and sexual abuse”.

- §2.3bis in response to the constraints, the partners have considered that more time was necessary to build a trusty and renowned help line. For this reason they have decided to maintain the service also at the end of the project and in this sense have oriented the final campaign addressed to sex workers. The connections with social services have been strengthened and maintained and preparatory activities for matching the “demand” and “offer” of anti-violence services have been carried out during the last phase of the project.

Did you revise the timetable at any point and why?

The timetable has been basically respected. Not any delay on the general duration has been experienced and not any postponement of the final date has been requested. In few cases some slight change of dates on meetings and seminars have been made, in accordance with the interest and in responding to exigencies of management and well functioning of the project.

Describe the role, the activities and the contributions of every partner.

The applicant, the Comitato per i diritti civili delle prostitute (CDCP) (http://www.luccioleonline.org), had the role of: i) coordinating the project, ii) coordinating the diffusion of brochures via street operators, iii) advertising the help-line services, iii) gathering data by telephone, iv) building the Italian network of help-line operators linked with the local social services, v) delivering (through the help-line) assistance and advocacy to the end beneficiaries and eventually addressing them toward social services, vi) networking and exchanging experiences amongst A-VIP operators (through meetings, newsletters and website resources), vii) cooperating with law enforcement and other public and governmental agencies and their Trade Unions, viii) promoting and coordinating the information campaign oriented to the general public and institutional bodies on the services provided by the help-line.

The MIT, Movimento Identità Transessuale (Transsexual Identity Movement) (mit- [email protected]), partner, whose activities consisted in: i) implementing the telephone help-line at Bologna, ii) supporting the CDCP on the information campaign oriented to the general public and institutional bodies on the services provided by the help-line, iii) delivering social services, assistance and advocacy to the end beneficiaries through the help-line, iv) networking and exchanging experiences amongst A-VIP operators (through meetings, newsletters and website resources), v) organising all the collateral activities at the institution of this help-line, data collection.

CABIRIA, (http://perso.wanadoo.fr/cabiria/cabiria.html), association for the Rights of Prostitutes, France, partner, whose activities consisted in: i) participating in the Scientific/Technical Committee, ii) devising of report and data collection forms, iii) participating

7 into the data analysis, iv) participating in the intermediate seminar, v) cooperating in the dissemination of results of the research in France.

University of Padua, Department of Sociology, research group on migrations and prostitution (http://www.unipd.it/), partner, was responsible for: i) defining the research criteria and tools, ii) analysing data, iii) publishing and presenting the research results.

Piccolo Principe, as associated partner was specifically responsible for the training of the telephonist operators for the help-line service and has collaborated in the definition of the research criteria and tools.

TADA (http://www.tada.pl/tada/tada.html) Association for Aids/ Hiv and STD prevention among Prostitutes, Poland, and the Institute on Non - Discriminative Gender Interrelations INGI (http://www.wgsact.net/russia/ru-pccw.html) Crisis Centre for Women’s Russia, both associated partners not eligible for financing, have participated in the intermediate seminar to discuss the outcomes and disseminate the data in their own countries.

8 3. Results and impacts of the project

Which results were obtained from the activities described above?

All of the foreseen results have been achieved. In particular:

- the research on violence against sex workers has produced a first base of knowledge for formulating new and more focused hypothesis and for defining anti-violence activities targeted to the most frequent phenomenology. The number of cases analysed has been lower than expected (54 cases instead of a minimum of 100 foreseen) and the research has especially produced qualitative data that can be used in the identification of a set of indicators for a more detailed description and detection of the violence against sex workers;

- measures addressed to strengthen the trans-national network of operators and peer educators: the cooperation among European NGOs has increased, first of all in the countries directly involved in the project (Italy, France, Poland and Russia) and secondly in Netherlands, Germany and Austria where the TAMPEP network (www.europap.net/links/tampep.htm) is more active. The anti-violence campaign in Italy has promoted circulation of data among 30 organisations, raised awareness on the problem among operators and achieved a better understanding of the causes and some possible contrast strategies. At the same time, the constraints and difficulties experienced with the help line stressed out the necessity of promoting collaboration and improving the coordination between local operators beyond their territorial competences, because they have to respond to a phenomenon connoted by high mobility.

- the final workshop, in Padua, absolved to the purpose of disseminating the results of the research among operators, academicians, local authorities, policy makers and social experts. The attendants have been more than expected (70 instead of the at least 50 foreseen), the working sessions have been actively participated and the final round table has been animated by a panel of 15 policy makers and institutional stakeholders. Despite the results of the research could have interested many journalists, the coverage of media has been modest in accordance with the planned strategy and the shape of the meeting that has been conceived as a close seminar of study, analysis and discussion for legislative and operational remedies.

How did you evaluate the results?

From the first conception of the project the applicant has been followed, monitored and assisted by Abaton Srl ([email protected]) in charge of insuring the design, the monitoring and the external evaluation of the project (“Doc 11”). Concerning the monitoring the team used, from the inception phase of the project, the Project Cycle Management and Logical Framework Approach, as recommended by the EC (for details see: http//europa.eu.int/EuropeAid/evaluation/methods). The Log Frame approach has been especially used for sharing the decision making process among partners and for monitoring the project in a daily basis by the project management unit and periodically (every 3 months) by the Abaton consultants. At least one expert from the Abaton team has always participated in the workshops and focal meetings of the partnership.

9 Evaluation, especially focused on the help line, has been carried out using the most spread parameters of relevance, efficiency, effectiveness impact and sustainability. At the end of the project the different versions of Log Frame produced have been compared (“Doc 14”).

What did you learn from that evaluation? The help line represents one of the key elements of the project. It constitutes the innovative element and the central activity from which the rest of the activities follow, from the research to the coordination and dissemination of preventive practices. This is why, a part from general considerations on the appropriate management of the project that have been made and used during the monitoring phase, it seems useful to focus on the help line and stress out some considerations that could be assumed and not just by the partners and stakeholders of the project, as lessons learned for further experiments (“Doc 15”). The help line was conceived to answer to a double necessity: - to increase our knowledge on the different aspects of violence against persons in prostitution; - to strengthen the capacity of detection, reaction and prevention of the services that deal with the phenomenon. The partnership was aware of the difficulty of bridging the gap between the help-line as a service for prostitutes and as a data collection mechanism – as well as the connected ethical considerations, which the project partners are aware of and have made efforts to address. In order to achieve its double aim (research and first help, meaning for that psychological aid, advocacy, orientation to other services), the help line was implemented using peer educators, persons, especially immigrants, with previous experiences in prostitution or persons with a long experience as social operators in the field of prostitution. This approach was intended to produce a horizontal flow of communication based on the similarity of experiences, languages, culture and backgrounds between telephonists and users of the service. The team that has designed, built, managed, monitored and evaluated the help line is not very happy about it. The pilot experiment encountered a series of difficulties. First of all it received a weak and a too small answer from the beneficiaries. Only 17 interviews have been completely collected through the help-line. The team has put in place other tools and approaches with the aim of collecting the data for the research and encounter the phenomenon such as face-to-face interviews (23 interviews) and recording of denounces in the streets during the patrols of the mobile units (14 interviews). The difficulties encountered can be considered in specific terms or in general terms. The first are internal to the project, directly related with the choices and the punctual contingencies experienced by the project. The second are in a certain way external to the project and can be considered in more general terms. They can be used as potential constraints for any anti-violence help line. The “internal” and specific difficulties have been: - Costs have been in general underestimated; - The network of grass-root organisations has not been budgeted in the project and in certain cases provided a slack collaboration during the sensitisation campaign;

10 - Technical aspects have been not carefully considered (mobile phones, recording procedures, misleading numbers, languages and timing). The general “external” difficulties and underestimated necessities have been: - The necessity of a wider coordination among public and private social services and beyond the local level; - The necessity of a longer period of time to launch and consolidate a help line service; - The tendency of the beneficiaries to considering not important, useful and natural denouncing to anyone the suffered violence; - The lack of collaboration and communication among prostitutes, and their tendency to be isolated; - The too specialised approach of an anti-violence help line, in respect to the different needs of the street sex workers, normally looking for a larger number of services (health, social, legal, administrative, housing, etc.); - The necessity of establishing contact methods more immediate, informal, friendly, “secure” and personal. From the research and the functioning of the help line emerged the strong resistance of the sex workers, especially immigrants, to trusting in local authorities and institution, especially if police or law enforcement officials. Another aspect emerged is related to the difficulty of providing a series of social services that are sufficiently integrated in respect to the needs of beneficiaries. Especially from this weak points some recommendation for eventual further anti-violence measures can be deduced: 1. it is still highly relevant to promote help lines, campaigns, services and other actions oriented to promote the emersion of the phenomenon of violence against prostitutes and sex workers; 2. out of the experimental and pilot phase, any similar action (help-line and backstopping services) should benefit of more time and resources than the experienced by this project, in order to be effective; 3. an help line addressed to sex workers should maintain an high level of flexibility, between psychological support, advocacy and orientation to social services, ready to answer to different needs a part from the immediate suffered violence (often just the final effect of a wider and more complex problem); 4. the network of services backstopping the help line must be highly responsive and efficient, able to ensuring quality in responsing to the expectations produced by the help line; 5. the social services, especially private, should coordinate themselves not only at local level, with the aim of responding to the mobility of the persons in prostitution and providing them a continuative support during their journeys; 6. strategies promoting trust, collaboration among street sex workers should be imagined, defined and experimented, in order to achieve empowerment and capacity building;

11 7. ways for promoting the dialogue between sex workers and institutions, primarily police and law enforcement agencies, need to be urgently imagined, defined and experimented.

How were the ultimate beneficiaries involved in the project and in the evaluation of the results?

The final beneficiaries have been involved in the activities and the prevention campaign has been specifically addressed to them. Beneficiaries have been involved in the conception and implementation of the project because the applicant (CDCP) and the MIT are themselves grass root organisations constituted by sex workers.

A part from the sex workers directly reached by the project outcomes, the 7 social operators implicated in collecting the information and providing telephone services have been trained. They strengthened their capacities and ameliorated their knowledge of the phenomenon and of the services available in Italy.

What are the impacts of the results on beneficiaries and /or other audience?

A bulletins (10.000 copies) with the principal outcomes of the research as well as some practical methods for prevent the violence have been translated in 5 languages and disseminated by the mobile street units.

Evidences from the research allowed the partnership to produce some preventive information that have been inserted in the brochure. Findings confirm that violence against sex workers is mainly inflicted not only by the exploiting organisation, but prominently by clients and unexpectedly also by police operators. Heavily represented is also the violence produced by the “dangers of the street” (robbery, sexual violence, case of racism, vandalisms or other forms of “not targeted” violence) and also the effects of the unsafe personal life of many girls and transsexuals, especially immigrants, that are exposed to “dangerous relations” with boy friends, colleagues or other acquaintances, where forms of explicit violence are common means for persuasion. The principal authors of this violence can be singled out and determined to be either clients or institutional praxes or functionaries. The violence that these persons bear may be either physical (mistreatment or sexual abuse) either psychological (the privation of basic rights or morale oppression). In answer to all these evidences, practical techniques have been exposed, in order to avoid the most frequent risks.

Sex workers often consider violence as a “natural” risk of the profession and at the same time they do not think that the institutions are available for support, advocacy and help. The research shows that the self-perception of civil and human rights among sex workers is consistently lower than the European standards. Therefore, the aware raising campaign addressed to sex workers is finalised to promote a better understanding of their civil and human rights. In this respect, final goal has been the increasing of the self-perception of freedom, care, respect, dignity and autonomy.

12 4. Dissemination and follow-up

How – and to whom - did you disseminate your results?

It must be stated that communication and dissemination of information have been the principal outcome of the project. A part from the final and direct beneficiaries reached by the project, several important stakeholders have been involved. Such as:

- More than 70 NGOs, 30 of them directly involved in the network of services closely related with the help line activities;

- 15 policy makers and officials from local authorities and national commissions, involved in the activities of the final seminar;

- 200 NGOs, 20 European universities, 50 welfare municipal departments in Italy have been informed of the project outcomes via mail.

- 500 international organisations operating in the field of the social exclusion, through publication in the www.exclusion.net network (http://www.exclusion.net)

- Over 15 public or targeted communications during meetings, seminars, conferences, interviews on the project and its outcomes have been made.

What are your intentions for further dissemination?

The partnership has decided to implement the help-line and promote the integration of the services also after the end of the project. The final bulletin, currently distributed by the street units, announces the number that is still active (00 39) 848800017.

What do you think the follow-up of your project should be?

The follow-up of this project should promote strategies addressed to the problems that its activities have contributed to define. These are: 1. the necessity of monitoring and promoting the emersion of the phenomenon of violence against prostitutes and sex workers; 2. the necessity of promoting a shared definition of the phenomenon of violence and of building a clear set of indicators that could be implemented starting from the research; 3. the necessity of promoting a wider coordination between social services implicated in the assistance to sex workers and not only at local level; 4. the necessity of promoting trust and collaboration among street sex workers that are excluded and isolated; 5. the necessity of promoting the dialogue between sex workers and institutions, police and law enforcement agencies.

What are your plans to ensure yourself (part of) this follow-up?

13 Even if in a smaller scale, some of the services implemented by the project will be maintained. The partners are certain that the weakness of the help line is mainly due to the short time of execution and will insist on the promotion of the service with the own resources of the applicant (CDCP). The network among NGOs is in place and other activities have been planned. All this activities have direct value at the operational level and will be oriented on providing diect services to the final beneficiaries. Concerning the research and the scientific aspects, the collaboration with the University of Padua will continue in an informal way. At the same time, two new proposals have been made to the EC Daphne Programme, one of them on the budget 2001 already refused, another one, under budget 2002, currently under evaluation. Other donors have been asked for supporting similar activities or other activities that indirectly could support the prevention activities against violence. They are Italian local and national institutions (Italian Committee for Equal Opportunities, Municipalities of Venice, Udine and Bologna, Region Friuli Venezia Giulia) or international organisations (USAID, Amnesty for Woman).

How did you ensure the visibility of the European Commission contribution to this project?

Different criteria of visibility for the EC have been used. The EC emblem appeared on project- related documentation, during the workshops and the other public sessions of the project, including publication on internet. According to the recommendations of the Daphne evaluator, the EC emblem did not appear on the cards carrying help-line numbers or on the posters giving this same information.

14 5. Conclusions

(Please sum up in a short paragraph what your project has achieved, its impact on beneficiaries and what remains to be done. Please bear in mind that this paragraph will be used as the summary report that the Commission plans to circulate largely via the Daphne web site and other means. Therefore, ensure that it is concise, right to the point, explicit and attractive.)

The daily fieldwork of grass-root organisations operating in the European urban areas proves that violence against prostitutes is a spread phenomenon that remains basically hidden and unknown.

In response to this lack of information the applicant (CDCP) and the MIT, grass-root organisations partly constituted by sex workers, conceived this project that focuses on the collection of evidences of violence against sex workers (especially immigrants) through a telephone help-line, on research activities and case studies, with the intention of promoting public awareness campaigns, sharing information and networking amongst specialised associations, local authorities and public agencies. Three main results have been achieved: i) a research on violence against sex workers, carried out by the University of Padua on the basis of information coming from the help-line, ii) measures addressed to strengthen the trans-national network of operators and peer educators, such as 3 seminars involving European and non- European NGOs, a final bulletin and newsletter and 3 training sessions for peer educators to became first aid telephone operators, iii) a final workshop with the purpose of disseminating the results of the research among operators, academicians, local authorities, policy makers and social experts.

Through the help line, the project was also intended to strengthen the capacity of detection, reaction and prevention of the services that are in charge of dealing with the phenomenon. A part from European NGOs and institutions, final beneficiaries have been involved in the activities and the prevention campaign has specifically addressed to them (7,500 bulletins in Italy and 2,500 in Europe, disseminating preventive anti-violence measures are currently distributed among sex street workers via street units). The help line with the number (00 39) 848800017 is still active after the conclusion of the project. Until now the help-line has received a weak and a too small answer from the beneficiaries and some general consideration can be deduced. In particular, the follow-up of the project should promote strategies addressed to the problems that its activities have contributed to define. These are: 1. the necessity of monitoring and promoting the emersion of the phenomenon of violence against prostitutes and sex workers; 2. the necessity of promoting a shared definition of the phenomenon of violence and of building a clear set of indicators that could be implemented starting from the research; 3. the necessity of promoting a wider coordination between social services implicated in the assistance to sex workers and not only at local level; 4. the necessity of promoting trust and collaboration among street sex workers that are excluded and isolated; 5. the necessity of promoting the dialogue between sex workers and institutions, police and law enforcement agencies.

15 Annexes

1. List of keywords describing best your project (please use the form attached);

2. List of materials produced during your project (audio or audio-visual media, publications, brochures, manuals, posters, CD-ROM, web-site,…)

16 ANNEX 1 : KEYWORDS

The main purposes of the Daphne Programme are to create networks and to encourage the exchange of information and best practices. The Commission has therefore set up a database containing the details of all completed Daphne projects. This database is accessible via the Daphne page on the EC web site:

(http://europa.eu.int/comm/justice_home/project/daphne/en/index.htm).

The matrix below allows us to categorise your report according to certain pre-set search words. Please complete it carefully.

Mark all the areas of action and types of activity listed below which were covered by your project.

Beneficiaries Daphne Objectives Areas  Children Support to the collaboration of organisations  Sexual violence  Young people  Support to multidisciplinary networks  Gender violence  Women  Exchange of good practices  Violence in family  Studies  Violence in domestic context Specific groups Support to public awareness  Violence in schools  Homosexuals  Information campaign  Violence in institutions  Migrants  Information sources  Violence in urban areas  Refugee  Recognition and reporting  Violence in rural areas  Asylum seekers  Violence in the work place  Trafficked persons  Trafficking in human beings  Ethnic minorities Specific Objectives  Commercial sexual exploitation  Handicapped  Prevention of violence  Internet  Domestic workers  Protection from violence  Child Pornography  People in prostitution  Treatment of victims  Racism  Elderly  Reintegration of victims  Self-harm  Prisoners  Counselling victims  Physical punishment  Support to families  Female genital mutilation Targeted Audience  Legislative measures  Health impacts  Violent men  Treatment of offenders  Perpetrators / offenders  Reintegration of offenders Instruments  Public Authorities  Network with NGOs  General Public  Multisector network  Medical staff  Awareness-raising  Educational staff  Dissemination of good practice  Police staff  Guidelines / Counselling  Judicial staff  Models (analysis / development)  Media / Journalists  Training  Production of materials  Conference / seminar  Telephone / Internet Helpline  Field work

17 ANNEX 2 : LIST OF MATERIALS PRODUCED DURING THE PROJECT

List of materials produced during your project (audio or audio-visual media, publications, brochures, manuals, posters, CD-ROM, web-site,…)

Doc n° Description Type Copies Doc 1 Leaflet, advertising the anti-violence help-line (The help- 1 card Italian: 1000 line information card) (21X10 cm) English: 700 Russian: 640 Roman: 600 Spanish: 600 Total: 3540 Doc 2 Posters, advertising the anti-violence help-line The help- (50X35 cm) 30 line information poster) Doc 3 Bulletin, “Against the Violence” “Foglio/Giornale” 6 pages 10.000 in 3 (45X32 cm) languages: English, Romanian, Italian Doc 4 Sticker advertising the new unique number of the help Circle (10 cm 5.000 line of diameter) Doc 5 Research, final report 120 pages 50 Italian Doc 6 Research, synthesis 17 pages 200 in 4 languages (English, French, Italian, Spanish) Doc 7 Questionnaire and grid for data collection 7 pages Internal documents Doc 8 Interviews with cases of violence 57 cases Internal documents Doc 9 Synthesis of each case by the telephonists 57 cases Internal documents Doc 10 Audio recording of some interviews 20 cases Internal documents Doc 11 Monitoring materials (logical frameworks, attribution of 25 pages Internal documents tasks, calendars, reporting on management procedures etc.) Doc 12 Poster announcing the Padova final meeting (100X70 cm) 200 Doc 13 Invitation and programme for the Padova final meeting (10X29 cm) 400 Doc 14 Evaluation materials 15 pages Internal documents Doc 15 Evaluation note to the help line 8 pages Internal documents Doc 16 Publication of the project outcomes and Implementation Docs 1, 3 and Available on line of the www.luccioleonline.org 6