Pipe Ramming Questionnaire

Oregon Department of Transportation SPR-710 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF PIPE RAMMING INSTALLATIONS

March 2010

SURVEY ON THE APPLICATION OF PIPE RAMMING INSTALLATIONS

STATE: ______GROUP: ______

ENGINEER: ______TITLE: ______

PHONE: ______EMAIL: ______

Please send back to: Matthew Mabey, PhD, PE Oregon Department of Transportation 200 Hawthorne Ave SE Suite B-240 Salem, OR 97301 [email protected] 503-986-2847

1. How often do you design, specify, and build culverts?  1 to 2 times/year  2 to 4 times/year  4 to 8 times/year  8 to 16 times/year  16+ times/year

2. Approximately what percent of these culverts employ trenchless technologies such as micro-tunneling, pipe jacking, and pipe ramming?  0 to 20%  20 to 40%  40 to 60%  60 to 80%  80 to 100%

3. What percent of trenchless pipe installation employ: ______% Micro-tunneling ______% Pipe jacking ______% Pipe ramming ______% other (specify): ______

1 4. Considering only pipe ramming installations, which efforts are presently used to improve the rate of installation (check all that apply)?  Use of internal cutting shoe  Use of external cutting shoe  Use of both an external and internal cutting shoe  Use of lubrication  Frequent removal of cuttings/spoils

5. Considering only pipe ramming installations, which effort is most preferred to improve the rate of installation (check only one)?  Use of internal cutting shoe  Use of external cutting shoe  Use of both an external and internal cutting shoe  Use of lubrication  Frequent removal of cuttings/spoils

6. In pipe ramming installations, what is typically included in owner/consultant construction drawings/specifications (check all that apply)?  Layout of pipe ramming and associated equipment at each pit location  Shop drawings including pipe configuration (cutting shoes, overcut, lubrication)  Details of spoil removal system  Grade and alignment control plan and system  Provisions for the control of groundwater  Shoring/stabilization of working pits  Hammer and ancillary equipment  Other (specify): ______

7. In pipe ramming installations, what is typically included in contractor construction drawings/specifications (check all that apply)?  Layout of pipe ramming and associated equipment at each pit location  Shop drawings including pipe configuration (cutting shoes, overcut, lubrication)  Details of spoil removal system  Grade and alignment control plan and system  Provisions for the control of groundwater  Shoring/stabilization of working pits  Hammer and ancillary equipment  Other (specify): ______

2 8. To the best of your knowledge, what diameter pipe and how many of each was installed using pipe ramming in the last 10 years under your direct or indirect supervision? ______< 2’ diameter ______2 to 4’ diameter ______4 to 6’ diameter ______6 to 8’ diameter ______8 to 10’ diameter ______> 10’ diameter

9. In your experience, how is the pipe hammer specified?  Specified in design phase by owner  Specified in design phase by consultant  Selected by contractor in bid  Determined by contractor in the field

10. How do you determine the appropriate size of hammer?  Wave equation analysis  Experience  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Guidelines (2004)  ASCE Guidelines (2008)  Do not determine size of hammer  Other (specify): ______

11. If the wave equation is used to evaluate the pipe ramming hammer during the design phase, how is it implemented?  In-house code/spreadsheet  GRL WEAP  Other commercial software (specify): ______ Wave equation is not used

12. In your experience, how is pipe wall thickness specified?  Specified in design phase by owner  Specified in design phase by consultant  Selected by contractor in bid  Determined by contractor in the field

3 13. How do you determine pipe wall thickness for pipe ramming installations?  Wave equation analysis  Experience  U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Guidelines (2004)  ASCE Guidelines (2008)  Do not determine pipe wall thickness  Other (specify): ______

14. If the wave equation is used in the design phase, how is it implemented?  In-house code/spreadsheet  GRL WEAP  Other commercial software (specify): ______ Wave equation is not used

15. How is installation resistance along the pipe casing and facing considered in design (check all that apply)?  Static soil strength calculations only  Dynamic installation stresses only  Both static soil strength calculations and dynamic installation stresses  Installation loads along casing not considered in design

16. What are the primary parameters used in your pipe casing and facing resistance design calculations (check all that apply)?  SPT N-value  CPT Data  Pressuremeter data  Dilatometer data  Friction angle () and cohesion (c)

17. How is corrosion considered in design?  Romanoff (1957) corrosion model  Standard corrosion allowance dictated by in-house guidance  Corrosion not explicitly considered in design  Other (specify): ______

18. How is corrosion incorporated in practice? 4  Added wall thickness/section  Galvanization  Epoxy coating  Combination of added wall thickness and galvanization/coatings  Corrosion not incorporated into design  Other (specify): ______

19. What do you typically specify/submit in the construction record of the pipe ramming installation (check all that apply)?  The position of the pipe in relation to the design line and grade  Date and time of ramming start and finish  Inclination of the pipe  Rate of advance, delays  Hammer stroke rate (blows per minute, bpm)  Pipe set (blows per foot, bpf)  Operating pressure  Quantity of spoil removed  Quality of spoil removed (i.e., characterization/classification of spoils)  Log of lubricant system (pressure, quantities, viscosity, etc.)  Other (specify): ______

20. Considering site characterization, what percent of pipe ramming installations are guided by a soils report?  0 to 20%  20 to 40%  40 to 60%  60 to 80%  80 to 100%

21. What methods are used to adequately characterize the geotechnical conditions of the project site (check all that apply)?  Soil survey/geologic maps  Historical embankment construction documents  Test pits  Borings with split-spoon sampling and SPT blow count  Cone penetration testing  Test ram installation  Other (specify): ______ No geotechnical investigation performed

5 22. What method is preferred to adequately characterize the geotechnical conditions of the project site (check only one)?  Soil survey/geologic maps  Historical embankment construction documents  Test pits  Borings with split-spoon sampling and SPT blow count  Cone penetration testing  Test ram installation  Other (specify): ______ No geotechnical investigation performed

23. How are obstructions dealt with (please describe)?

______

24. Considering construction, how often has dynamic testing with PDA and subsequent CAPWAP analyses been performed?  0 to 20%  20 to 40%  40 to 60%  60 to 80%  80 to 100%

Thank you for taking the time to complete our survey, THE ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF PIPE RAMMING INSTALLATIONS RESEARCH PROJECT TEAM.