A.2 Characteristics of All-Aluminum Conductors (AAC)

APPENDIX A Characteristics of Overhead Conductors

A.1 Characteristics of Aluminum Cable Steel Reinforced Conductors (ACSR)

160 A.2 Characteristics of All-Aluminum Conductors (AAC)

162 APPENDIX B Matlab Circuits

B.1 Full Load Circuit

163 B.2 Overload Circuit

164 B.3 Bundle Transmission Line (Solution 1)

165 B.4 Parallel Transmission Line (Solution 2)

9M W, 6.6 MV AR 1 5M W, 12M VAR 11 .2M VA L 5 1 9.2 MVA L7 A B C A B C i -

Ia (A) L5 + Ia L5 Ia L7 Va (V) L 5 Va L5 + Ia (A) L7 i - + v - Va (V) L7 Va L7 + v - a b c 14 MVA a b c 66 kV/11 kV 1 7 M VA A B C 6 6 kV/11 kV A B C

L 6 60 km L9 3 0 km L12 30 km

L 12 30 km1 A B C ca pa ci tor ban k 1 5 M VA

aA L 8 50 km bB m 1 .10675 c C L4 35 km m Pm L 1 60 km 1 L4 35 km1 Pm Pref Pref3 B1 aA a A A bB b B B Vref 1 Vf _ Vf c C c C C PSS Vref3 B2 65 MV A M 1 60M VA 7.5 kV/70 kV1 M 1: T urbin e & Re gu lators1 L1 60 km

Continuous A B C 0.5 M W3 A B 1 4 M VA C m 66 kV/1 1 kV1 a b c

Pm A B C m Pref 1 .18 92 1 1 0M VA L1 1 45 km L11 45 km1 Pm 66 kV/11 kV a b c a A A + Vref 1 Pref1 Ia L1

b B B Vf i - Vf _ PSS Vre f1 c C C M 2: Turb ine & Ia (A) L1 65 MV A M 2 6 0M VA Ia (A) L 3 + Re gu lators2 Va L1 Ia L3

7 .5 kV/70 kV2 i - + Va L3 v - + v - A B C

A B C 1 PSSm od el 0 .5 MW1 Va (V) L 1 11M W, 8.5M VAR 13.9 MVA L1 PS S mo de l Go to L2 20 km1 L2 2 0 km L5 50 km A B C 10 MW, 7.5M VAR 12.5M VA L 3 ca pa ci tor ban k 15 M VA 1 Va (V) L 3 A B C capaci tor bank L3 60 km1 10 MV A 2 A B C

L3 60 km L7 60 km L1 0 40 km L1 3 30 km A B 16 MV A C A B 1 6 M VA C L13 3 0 km 1 A B 15 MV A C 6 6 kV/11 kV9

66 kV/11 kV a b c a b c 66 kV/11 kV a b c + + A B C 15 M VA Ia L6

Ia (A) L6 i - Ia L9 i -

66 kV/11 kV1 +

a b c Ia (A) L9 Va (V) L 6 Ia L8 Va L6 Ia (A) L 8 i - + v Va (V) L9 Va L9 - Va (V) L8 +

+ Va L8 v Ia L2 -

i - + v Va L2 Va (V) L2 - + Ia (A) L2 v A B C - A B C A B C 15M W, 1 0M VAR 12 MW,7M VAR 12 MW, 8MVA R 13 .9M VA L 9 14 .22M VA L6 18.03MVA L8 A B C A B 12 .5M W, 9M VAR C 22 M VA 15.4 MVA L2 66 kV/11 kV a b c

Ia (A) L 4 + Ia L4 i -

Va (V) L4 Va L4 + v - A B C 20 MW, 14M VAR 24 .4M VA L 4

166 B.4 Parallel Generators and Parallel Transmission Line (Solution 3)

1 5M W, 12M V AR 9 MW, 6 .6 M VAR 1 9.2 M VA L7 1 1.2 M VA L5 A B C

Ia (A) L5 A B C + i - Ia (A ) L7 Ia L 7 Ia L5 i - + Va (V) L 5 Va L5 Va (V) L 7 Va L7 + v + - v -

a b c 1 5M VA a b c 6 6 kV /1 1 kV 2 0 M V A A B C 6 6 kV /1 1 kV1 A B C

L 6 6 0 km L9 30 km L 12 30 km

L 12 30 km 1 A B C ca pacito r ban k 15 M VA

L8 50 km

L4 35 km L4 35 km 1 Pref3 aA m 0.6096 42 bB Continuous m Pm c C L1 60 km Pm Pref aA a A A B1 bB b B B Vref 1 Vf _ Vf c C c C C PSS Vref3 65 M VA M 1 60M VA B2 M 1: T urb in e & A B C 7 .5 kV/70 kV1

15 M VA A B C Reg ul ators1 6 6 kV/1 1 kV2

a b c 0.5 MW3 Tim er3 Pref2 com m m 1.2190 7 a

+ Pm Pm A a A A A B Ia (A) L1 Ia L 1 C 1 5M VA Pref

m i - b B b B B m Pm 0.6369 37 6 6 kV /1 1 kV

a b c Vf _ Vref 1 Pm Pref c C c C C a A A Pre f1 Vf 1 + T hree-Ph ase B reaker3 6 5 M V A PSS Vref2 b B B Vref v L 11 45 km L 11 45 km 1 M 3 30M VA

- + Vf_ Vf 7.5 kV/7 0 kV3 c C C V re f1 V a (V ) L1 Ia L3 M 3: T urb in e & PSS Va L1 i - V a L3 Va (V) L 3 6 5 M V A Reg ul ators3 M 2 60 MV A A B C M 2: Turbine & + 7.5 kV/7 0 kV2 v Reg ulators2 - 0.5 MW4

A B C Ia (A) L3 1 1M W, 8.5M VA R A B C 13.9M VA L1 A B C 1 PS Sm od el 0 .5 M W1 1 0M W, 7.5M VAR 1 2.5 M VA L3 L 5 5 0 km P SS m od el Go to L 2 2 0 km1 L 2 2 0 km

ca paci to r ban k 1 5 M V A 1

A B C capa citor b ank 10 M VA 2 A B C

L 13 30 km

T im er2 L 3 6 0 km L 7 6 0 km L10 40 km

Pref4 1 .27 366 m A B A B com m Pm 2 0 M V A C 20 M VA C A B L13 30 km 1 a 20 M VA C Pm Pref 6 6 kV /1 1 kV2 66 kV/11 kV9 A a A A V re f4 a b c

66 kV/11 kV a b c

b a b c B b B B Vref 1 Vf _ Vf c C c C C PSS +

T hree-Ph ase B reaker2 65 M VA M 4 30M VA Ia L6 + A B C M 4: Turbi ne & 1 5 M V A i - Ia L 9

7 .5 kV/70 kV4 Ia (A ) L6 i - Reg ul ators4

6 6 kV /1 1 kV1 + Ia (A) L9 a b c Ia L 8 A B C

Ia (A) L8 i - Va (V) L 6 V a L6 0.5 MW2 + v - V a (V) L9 Va L9 + V a (V) L8 Va L8 Ia L 2 +

i - v + - v Va L2 V a (V ) L2 - + v A B C - 1 2M W, 8M VAR A B C A B C 15M W, 1 0M VAR 1 2M W,7M V AR Ia (A) L2 1 4.2 2M VA L 6 18.03M V A L8 1 3.9 M VA L9 A B C 1 2.5 M W, 9M VAR A B 1 5.4 M VA L2 C 2 5 M VA 6 6 kV /1 1 kV a b c

Ia L4 + i - Ia (A) L4 V a L4 + V a (V ) L4 v - A B C 2 0M W, 14M VAR 2 4.4 M VA L4

167 B.4 Distribution Generator (Solution 4)

T im er6

a com m Pm A a A A b B b B B Vf _ C c C C c 20 M VA M DG2 10M VA T hree-Phase Breaker6 4.2 kV/70 kV2 A B C 0.5 M W4

wref (pu)1 SM 2 1.0 wref Pm

Vf 1 Vtref Vt Vtref (pu)1 m w

Diesel E ngi ne 9M W, 6.6M VAR S peed & Voltage 11.2M VA L5 Control 1 A B C Ia (A) L5 15M W, 12M VAR 19.2M VA L7 A B C i - Ia L5 +

Va (V ) L5 + Va L5 Ia L7

Ia (A) L7 i - + v -

15M VA a b c V a (V) L7 Va L7 66 kV/11 kV +

A B C v -

a b c 20 M V A 66 kV/11 kV1 A B C

L6 60 km L9 30 km L12 30 km A B C capaci tor bank 15 M VA

L8 50 km

aA m bB Pm Pref 0.731335 c C L4 35 km Continuous m Pm Vref 1 Pref3 B1 aA a A A Vf bB b B B PSS Vref3 Vf _ c C c C C M 1: T urbine & B 2 65 M VA M 1 60M V A Regulators1 7.5 kV/70 kV1 L1 60 km A B C 0.5 M W3 A B 15 M VA C 66 kV /11 kV2 a b c A B C 15M VA m m 66 kV /11 kV

Pm Pm a b c a A A Pref 0.883849 b B B Ia (A) L1 Ia L1 + L11 45 km i - Vf_ Vref 1 P ref1 + c C C Vf Ia L3 65 M V A M 2 60M VA PSS Vref1 i - 7.5 kV/70 kV2 M 2: T urbi ne & V a L1 + Ia (A) L3 Regulators2 v - Va L3

A B C + v A B C Va (V) L1 - 1 PSSm odel 0.5 M W1 A B C 10M W, 7.5M VAR 11M W, 8.5M VAR 12.5M VA L3 L2 20 km 13.9M VA L1 L5 50 km P SS m odel G oto Va (V) L3

capacitor bank 15 M V A 1 capacitor bank 10 M VA 2 A B C A B C

L3 60 km L7 60 km L10 40 km L13 30 km A B 20 M V A C A B 20 M VA C A B 20 M VA C 66 kV/11 kV9

66 kV/11 kV2 a b c a b c 66 kV/11 kV a b c

Ia L6 +

T i m er8 i -

Ia (A) L6 + Ia L9

Ia (A) L9 i - A B C com m 15 M VA + a Va (V ) L6 Va L6 Ia (A) L8 Ia L8

Pm 66 kV/11 kV1 i -

A a A A a b c + b v B b B B - V a (V) L8 V a L8 Vf_ Va (V) L9 Va L9 c C c C C

+ + A B C v + 20 M V A M DG 4 20M VA Ia L2 - v

Three-Phase Breaker8 i - 12M W, 8M VAR - 4.2 kV/70 kV4 Ia (A) L2 Va L2 Va (V) L2 14.22M VA L6

A B C + v A B C - A B C 0.5 M W6 15M W, 10M VA R 12M W,7M VAR 13.9M VA L9 18.03M V A L8 A B C 12.5M W, 9M VAR wref (pu)4 S M 4 15.4M VA L2 A B 1.0 C 25 M VA wref Pm 66 kV/11 kV 1 a b c Vf Vtref (pu)4 Vtref Vt Ia (A) L4 Ia L4 + m w i - T i m er7 Va (V ) L4 Diesel E ngi ne Va L4 + Speed & Vol tage v Control2 - com m a Pm A B C A a A A 20M W, 14M VAR b B b B B 24.4M V A L4 Vf_ c C c C C M DG3 20M VA T hree-Phase Breaker7 20 M V A 4.2 kV/70 kV3 A B C 0.5 M W5

wref (pu)3 SM 3 1.0 wref Pm

Vf 1 Vtref Vt Vtref (pu)3 m w

Di esel Engine Speed & Voltage Control 4 B.4 Parallel Transformer (Solution 5)

168 24MW, 18M VAR 16MW, 12MVAR 30MVA L5 20MVA L7 A B C i - A B C Ia L5

Ia (A) L5 + + Ia (A) L7 Ia L7 i -

Va (V) L7 Va (V) L5 Va L5 Va L7 a b c 15MVA +

+ a b c v v - - 15MVA 66 kV/11 kV 1 66 kV/11 kV A B C A B C a b c 20 MVA 66 kV/11 kV A B C

L6 60 km L9 30 km L12 30 km A B C capacitor bank 15 MVA

L8 50 km

aA 1.04402 bB m Pref3 cC L4 35 km m Pm Pm Pref B1 aA a A A L1 60 km bB b B B Vref 1 Vf _ Vf cC c C C PSS Vref3 B2 65 MVA M1 60MVA 7.5 kV/70 kV1 M1: Turbine & Regulators1 A B C 10MVA Continuous A B C 66 kV/11 kV 0.5 MW3 a b c A B A B m 10 M VA C C 10 M VA

m Pm 1.06949 66 kV/11 kV1 66 kV/11 kV2 + Pm Pref a b c a b c Ia L3

a A A i - 1 Pref1 Va L3 b B B Vref L11 45 km Vf _ Vf Vref1 + c C C v PSS Ia (A) L3 - Va (V) L3

65 M VA M2 60MVA + M2: Turbine & Ia L1 Va L1 Va (V) L1

7.5 kV/70 kV2 i - Regulators2 + L5 50 km v - Ia (A) L1 A B C A B C A B C 1 PSSm odel 0.5 MW1 11.2MW, 8.1M VAR 8MW, 5MVAR 13.82M VA L1 9.4M VA L3 PSS model Goto

L2 20 km

capacitor bank 15 M VA 1

A B C capacitor bank 10 M VA 2 A B C

L13 30 km L3 60 km L7 60 km L10 40 km A B 15 MVA C A B 12 M VA C A B 15 MVA C 66 kV/11 kV2

66 kV/11 kV a b c a b c 66 kV/11 kV a b c A B C 12 MVA Ia L6 +

66 kV/11 kV1 Ia (A) L9 + a b c Ia (A) L6 i - Ia L9

Ia (A) L8 i - + Va L6 Ia L8 i - Va (V) L6 + v - + Va (V) L9 Va L9 Ia L2 Va (V) L8 i - Va L8 + v + - Ia (A) L2 v Va L2 Va (V) L2 -

+ A B C v A B C 6MW, 3.8MVAR A B C - 7MW,4.2MVAR 7.1M VA L6 9MW, 5.7MVAR

A B C 8.2M VA L9 10.7M VA L8 9.5M W, 6MVAR 11.2M VA L2 A B A B 15 M VA C C 15 MVA 66 kV/11 kV1 66 kV/11 kV3 a b c a b c

Ia L4 + i - Ia (A) L4 Va L4 + v Va (V) L4 - A B C 16.8MW, 11MVAR 20.1MVA L4

169 APPENDIX C PSS Circuit &Results

170 PTI INTERACTIVE POWER SYSTEM SIMULATOR--PSS/E Fri, Mar 30 2007 10:20 FULL AND OVER LOAD CIRCUIT RATING FULL LOAD SET A

BUS 1 B1 7.50 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0606PU . 00 1 GENERATION 1 39.9 20.1R 44.7 63 7.9545KV TO 2 B2 66.0 1 1 39.9 20.1 44.7 65 1.0000RG

BUS 2 B2 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0241PU -4.38 2 1 67.594KV TO 1 B1 7.50 1 1 -39.9 -16.5 43.2 65 1.0000UN TO 3 B3 66.0 1 1 39.9 16.5 43.2 42

BUS 3 B3 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0241PU -4.38 3 1 67.594KV TO 2 B2 66.0 1 1 -39.9 -16.5 43.2 42 TO 4 B4 66.0 1 1 19.5 4.4 20.0 63 TO 7 B7 66.0 1 1 19.6 6.7 20.8 66 TO 8 B8 66.0 1 1 .8 5.3 5.4 17

BUS 4 B4 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .8864PU -9.26 4 1 58.504KV TO 3 B3 66.0 1 1 -17.2 -3.3 17.5 64 TO 5 B5 66.0 1 1 8.2 -3.9 9.0 33 TO 40 T1 11.0 1 1 9.0 7.1 11.5 86 .9000LO

BUS 5 B5 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .8761PU -10.92 5 1 57.822KV TO SHUNT .0 -11.5 11.5 TO 4 B4 66.0 1 1 -7.9 3.8 8.8 33 TO 6 B6 66.0 1 1 -1.6 1.1 1.9 7 TO 50 T2 11.0 1 1 9.5 6.7 11.6 88 .9000LO

BUS 6 B6 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .8777PU -9.62 6 1 57.930KV TO SHUNT .0 -11.6 11.6 TO 5 B5 66.0 1 1 1.6 -1.8 2.4 9 TO 7 B7 66.0 1 1 -9.6 -.7 9.6 36 TO 9 B9 66.0 1 1 -7.0 3.1 7.7 28 TO 60 T4 11.0 1 1 15.0 11.0 18.6 85 .9000LO

BUS 7 B7 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9357PU -6.68 7 1 61.754KV TO 3 B3 66.0 1 1 -18.2 -6.0 19.1 66 TO 6 B6 66.0 1 1 10.2 .6 10.2 35 TO 70 T3 11.0 1 1 8.0 5.4 9.7 69 .9000LO

171 BUS 8 B8 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9883PU -2.64 8 1 65.226KV TO 3 B3 66.0 1 1 -.6 -6.2 6.2 20 TO 9 B9 66.0 1 1 13.1 3.2 13.5 44 TO 10 B10 66.0 1 1 -20.5 -3.5 20.8 68 TO 80 T5 11.0 1 1 8.0 6.5 10.3 70 1.0000RG

BUS 9 B9 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9062PU -5.32 9 1 59.809KV TO 6 B6 66.0 1 1 7.5 -3.5 8.3 30 TO 8 B8 66.0 1 1 -12.1 -3.1 12.5 45 TO 11 B11 66.0 1 1 -4.3 -.9 4.4 16 TO 90 T6 11.0 1 1 9.0 7.5 11.7 65 .9000LO

BUS 10 B10 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0606PU -.09 10 1 70.000KV TO 8 B8 66.0 1 1 21.8 4.2 22.2 68 TO 11 B11 66.0 1 1 25.5 6.5 26.3 80 TO 12 B12 66.0 1 1 12.7 9.9 16.1 49 TO 14 B14 66.0 1 1 -60.0 -20.6 63.4 60

BUS 11 B11 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9279PU -4.40 11 1 61.239KV TO 9 B9 66.0 1 1 4.4 .4 4.4 16 TO 10 B10 66.0 1 1 -22.7 -4.7 23.2 81 TO 13 B13 66.0 1 1 8.3 -3.2 8.9 31 TO 110 T8 11.0 1 1 10.0 7.5 12.5 67 .9000LO

BUS 12 B12 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9980PU -.32 12 1 65.869KV TO 10 B10 66.0 1 1 -12.0 -9.8 15.5 50 TO 120 T7 11.0 1 1 12.0 9.8 15.5 78 1.0000RG

BUS 13 B13 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9105PU -6.55 13 1 60.092KV TO SHUNT .0 -8.3 8.3 TO 11 B11 66.0 1 1 -8.0 3.0 8.5 30 TO 130 T9 11.0 1 1 8.0 5.3 9.6 53 .9000LO

BUS 14 B14 66.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0606PU -.09 14 1 70.000KV TO 10 B10 66.0 1 1 60.0 20.6 63.4 60 TO 15 B15 7.50 1 1 -60.0 -20.6 63.4 92 1.0000UN

BUS 15 B15 7.50 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.1072PU 6.01 15 GENERATION 1 60.0 28.1R 66.2 94 8.3042KV TO 14 B14 66.0 1 1 60.0 28.1 66.2 92 1.0000RG

172 BUS 40 T1 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9521PU -11.83 40 1 10.473KV TO LOAD-PQ 9.0 6.5 11.1 TO 4 B4 66.0 1 1 -9.0 -6.5 11.1 78 .9000UN

BUS 50 T2 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9426PU -13.69 50 1 10.369KV TO LOAD-PQ 9.5 6.0 11.2 TO 5 B5 66.0 1 1 -9.5 -6.0 11.2 79 .9000UN

BUS 70 T3 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0160PU -8.71 70 1 11.176KV TO LOAD-PQ 8.0 5.0 9.4 TO 7 B7 66.0 1 1 -8.0 -5.0 9.4 62 .9000UN

BUS 80 T5 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9583PU -4.90 80 1 10.541KV TO LOAD-PQ 8.0 6.0 10.0 TO 8 B8 66.0 1 1 -8.0 -6.0 10.0 70 1.0000UN

BUS 110 T8 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I 1.0060PU -6.33 110 1 11.066KV TO LOAD-PQ 10.0 7.0 12.2 TO 11 B11 66.0 1 1 -10.0 -7.0 12.2 61 .9000UN

BUS 120 T7 11.0 AREA CKT MW MVAR MVA %I .9644PU -2.82 120 1 10.608KV TO LOAD-PQ 12.0 9.0 15.0 TO 12 B12 66.0 1 1 -12.0 -9.0 15.0 78 1.0000UN

173 ------

1 PTI INTERACTIVE POWER SYSTEM SIMULATOR--PSS/E Fri, Mar 30 2007 10:21 FULL AND OVER LOAD CIRCUIT FULL LOAD

TRANSMISSION LINE LOADINGS ABOVE 100.0 % OF RATING SET A:

X------FROM BUS------X X------TO BUS------X CURRENT(MVA) BUS NAME BSKV AREA BUS NAME BSKV AREA CKT LOADING RATING PERCENT

* NONE *

------

TRANSFORMER LOADINGS ABOVE 100.0 % OF RATING SET A:

X------FROM BUS------X X------TO BUS------X MVA MVA BUS NAME BSKV AREA BUS NAME BSKV AREA CKT LOADING RATING PERCENT 14 B14 66.0 1 15* B15 7.50 1 1 66.2 65.0 101.9

------

BUSES WITH VOLTAGE GREATER THAN 1.0500:

X------BUS -----X AREA V(PU) V(KV) X------BUS -----X AREA V(PU) V(KV) 1 B1 7.50 1 1.0606 7.955 10 B10 66.0 1 1.0606 70.000 14 B14 66.0 1 1.0606 70.000 15 B15 7.50 1 1.1072 8.304

BUSES WITH VOLTAGE LESS THAN .9500:

X------BUS -----X AREA V(PU) V(KV) X------BUS -----X AREA V(PU) V(KV) 4 B4 66.0 1 .8864 58.504 5 B5 66.0 1 .8761 57.822

174 6 B6 66.0 1 .8777 57.930 7 B7 66.0 1 .9357 61.754 9 B9 66.0 1 .9062 59.809 11 B11 66.0 1 .9279 61.239 13 B13 66.0 1 .9105 60.092 50 T2 11.0 1 .9426 10.369 60 T4 11.0 1 .9446 10.390

------

*********************** SUMMARY FOR COMPLETE SYSTEM ***********************

SYSTEM SWING BUS SUMMARY BUS X---NAME---X X--- AREA ---X X--- ZONE ---X MW MVAR MVABASE 1 B1 7.50 1 [ ] 1 [ ] 39.9 20.1 70.6

24 BUSES 2 PLANTS 2 MACHINES 9 LOADS 26 BRANCHES 11 TRANSFORMERS 0 DC LINES

X------ACTUAL ------X X----- NOMINAL ------X MW MVAR MW MVAR FROM GENERATION 99.9 48.2 99.9 48.2 TO CONSTANT POWER LOAD 88.5 61.5 88.5 61.5 TO CONSTANT CURRENT .0 .0 .0 .0 TO CONSTANT ADMITTANCE .0 .0 .0 .0 TO BUS SHUNT .0 -31.4 .0 -40.0 TO LINE SHUNT .0 .0 .0 .0 FROM LINE CHARGING .0 8.9 .0 9.9

VOLTAGE X----- LOSSES -----X X-- LINE SHUNTS --X CHARGING LEVEL BRANCHES MW MVAR MW MVAR MVAR 66.0 17 11.42 21.60 .0 .0 8.9 11.0 9 .00 5.38 .0 .0 .0