Copyright ? By Holt, Rinehart And Winston

Study Guide

Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. Holt Biology 31 Biological Communities Biological Communities In the space provided, write the term or phrase that best completes each statement or best answers each question. ______1. The reciprocal evolution of flowers and the insects that feed on them is known as ______2. A tick feeding on a human is an example of ______3. Over time, selection pressure from predators will cause prey species to evolve ______4. Tropical rain forests are found close to the equator because ______5. Which of the following determines what organisms can live in a particular biological community?

______6. Compared with a forest that contains 25 different plant species, a forest that contains 55 different plant species is ______7. An ecologist studying an ocean ecosystem performed an experiment in which predatory sea stars were removed from the ecosystem. After the removal of the sea stars, Questions 8–10 refer to the figures below, which illustrate experiments performed with two species of barnacles that live in the same area. ______8. Figure B indicates that Semibalanus balanoides lives mostly in deep water. Deep water is this barnacle’s ______9. Figure C indicates that when the two barnacles live together, Chthamalus is restricted to shallow water. Shallow water is its ______10. Because the two species of barnacles attempt to use the same resources, they are

. A. The barnacle Chthamalus stellatus can live in both shallow and deep water on a rocky coast. B. The barnacle Semibalanus balanoides lives mostly in deep water C. When the two barnacles live together, Chthamalus is restricted to shallow water. In the space provided, write the letter of the description that best matches the term or phrase. ______11. tropical rain forest ______12. commensalism ______13. taiga ______14. littoral zone ______15. limnetic zone ______16. mutualism ______17. biodiversity ______18. latitude ______19. elevation ______20. tundra a. predominated by aquatic plants in freshwater communities b. a symbiotic relationship in which both participating species benefit c. benefits ecosystems by reducing competition and promoting stability and productivity d. temperature and available moisture decrease as this increases e. a relationship in which one species benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped f. biome predominated by coniferous trees g. vertebrate inhabitants include foxes, lemmings, and caribou h. the biome with the greatest amount of rainfall i. predominated by floating algae, zooplankton, and fish j. a measure of height above sea level