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Sustainability Appraisal Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area Audit SPD

Scoping Report April 2008 2 Summary

This scoping report is the first stage in the Sustainability Appraisal process that will guide and inform the emerging Conservation Area Audit Supplementary Planning Document for Westminster Cathedral.

The report establishes which plans and programmes need to be taken into account and will influence policy formulation. It also sets out a baseline, which identifies particular issues and problems experienced by the City of Westminster. As a result a set of sustainability objectives have been developed and tested and will subsequently be employed to analyse the Conservation Area SPD as it evolves.

Westminster City Council is consulting on this document to seek your views and comments on the information set out in the scoping report.

In particular we would like to seek your opinion regarding a number of key considerations:

Question 1: Have all the relevant plans or programmes been considered in the scoping report?

Question 2: Does the baseline information reflect the current situation in the Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area or are there additional social, environmental or economic factors that should be considered?

Question 3: Do the sustainability objectives reflect the significant environmental and sustainability issues?

If you require any further information or wish to make a representation regarding this scoping report please contact or respond to

Conservation Area Audits Department of Planning and City Development Westminster City Hall 64 Victoria Street, London SW1E 6QP

Email: [email protected]

All comments should be submitted by the 09.05.08

3 Contents Page No 1 Introduction 5 2 Background to Conservation Area Audits 5 3 Background to the Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area Audit 6 4 Purpose of Sustainability Appraisal 7 5 Sustainability Appraisal and the Planning Process 8 6 Stage A: Setting the Context and Objectives 10 6.1 Task A1: Identifying relevant plans, policies, programmes 10 6.2 Task A2: Collecting the baseline information 11 6.3 Task A3: Identifying sustainability issues 16 6.4 Task A4: Developing the sustainability appraisal framework 16 6.5 Task A5 Consulting on the scope of the Sustainability Appraisal 20 7 Next stages of the Sustainability Appraisal 20

Tables 1 Requirements of the SEA Directive with the shaded areas highlighting what is covered in 7 this report. 2 Outlining the scoping report preparation process including any problems encountered 8 and observations. 3 Sustainability Appraisal process for SPD’s 9 4 List of policies, plans and programmes assessed. 10 5 Key sustainability issues with supporting data. 12 6 Listing SA objective for and how they support the three key pillars of sustainable 17 development 7 Listing SA objective and there link to SEA Directive protection objectives. 18 8 Identification and explanation of conflicting objectives. 19

Figures 1 Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area boundary 6 2 Incorporating the SPD in to the SA process 9 3 Assessment of the compatibility between the sustainability objectives. 18

Abbreviations

Appendices Appendix 1: Analysis of plans, programmes and environmental objectives Appendix 2: Baseline Data for the City of Westminster Appendix 3: Sustainability objectives and associated Plan objectives Appendix 4: Sustainability Objective development through internal consultation

4 1 Introduction This report has been prepared for consultation on the scope and level of detail to be included in the Sustainability Appraisal for the draft Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area Audit Supplementary Planning Document (SPD). This is the first stage in the Sustainability Appraisal process.

This Sustainability Appraisal Scoping Report has been carried out in accordance with Planning Policy Statement 12: Local Development Frameworks and government guidance entitled Sustainability Appraisal of Regional Spatial Strategies and Local Development Documents (ODPM now DCLG, November 2005) and incorporates the requirements of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive (European Directive 2001/42/EC on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment).

Information on the timetable for the preparation, consultation and production of this SPD is available in the Local Development Scheme at: http://www.Westminster.gov.UK/environment/planning/ldf/local-development- scheme.cfm.

2 Background to Conservation Area Audit SPD’s Westminster City Council is preparing all its conservation area studies, known as ‘audits’ as Supplementary Planning Documents (SPDs). The Westminster Cathedral SPD will provide guidance on the protection, enhancement and management of the Conservation Area. It will identify those features of special interest, which contribute to the local townscape and set out the council’s policies and guidance for protection of the area. It will also identify negative features and opportunities for enhancement and change within the area, as well as management proposals to guide future change and development.

The appraisal format roughly follows that set out in the English Heritage (EH) guidance Conservation Area Appraisals and Conservation Area Management. However, the audit documents also include policies and management proposals. The EH Guidance on Conservation Area Management states that ‘A conservation area character appraisal cannot itself be a SPD.’1 However, it also states that SPD’s may be appropriate for major or complex conservation areas; and that the policy guidance to which the management strategy refers and any plans or programmes proposed, should be set out in a SPD.

A variety of approaches are being taken by local authorities including producing conservation area appraisals for groups of conservation areas; producing a conservation SPD and appraisals separately; and producing individual conservation area SPD’s.

Given the complex nature of many of its conservation areas and the additional information contained within audits over and above the basic appraisal data, Westminster has decided to amalgamate policy, management and appraisal within

1 English heritage, Guidance on the Management of Conservation Areas.2005

5 its audits and to continue to adopt its conservation area audits as Supplementary Planning Documents, in order to afford them maximum weight in decision making and at appeal.

3 Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area This conservation area was first designated in in 1968, and extended in 1977 and 1993. This conservation area comprises Westminster Cathedral and the streets immediately surrounding it to the south of Victoria Street. The street pattern and buildings in the area today largely stem from the late 19th century when the Free Byzantine style, brick and Portland stone cathedral was constructed. Around it were built residential blocks for the clergy, red brick mansion houses and some commercial, warehouse style buildings. Since the 1970s, when new development created an opening, there has been a spectacular view of the cathedral and its 284 foot campanile from Victoria Street across an open, paved piazza. The modern office and retail development, constructed in steel and smoked glass, forms a divide between the busy Victoria Street and the quiet residential backwater behind.

Figure 1: Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area

4 Purpose of Sustainability Appraisal The purpose of this Sustainability Appraisal (SA) is to assess the likely social, economic and environmental impacts of the SPD, in order to ensure that that these accord with the principles of sustainable development.

The appraisal is a requirement of the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004 and must include the requirements of the European Union Directive 2001/42/EC (the

6 Strategic Environmental Assessment or SEA Directive). The purpose of the SEA Directive is, ‘to provide for a high level of protection of the environment and to contribute to the integration of environmental considerations into the preparation of plans and programmes with a view to promoting sustainable development.’

The SA report must clearly show that the SEA Directive’s requirements have been met by sign posting where the information is provided in the report and is set out in Table 1, below.

Table 1: Requirements of the SEA Directive, the shaded areas highlight what is covered in this report. The SEA Directive’s requirements Found in section Preparation of an environmental report in which the likely significant effects on the environment of implementing the plan or programme, and reasonable alternatives taking into account the objectives and geographical scope of the plan or programme, are identified, described and evaluated. The information to be given is (Art. 5 and Annex I): a) An outline of the contents, main objectives of the plan or programme, and relationship with other relevant plans and programmes; 2, 6.1 b) The relevant aspects of the current state of the environment and the likely evolution thereof without implementation of the plan or programme; 6.2 c) The environmental characteristics of areas likely to be significantly affected; 6.2 d) Any existing environmental problems which are relevant to the plan or programme including, in particular, those relating to any areas of a particular environmental importance, such as areas designated pursuant to 6.1 Directives 79/409/EEC and 92/43/EEC; e) The environmental protection objectives, established at international, Community or national level, which are relevant to the plan or programme and the way those objectives and any environmental considerations have 6.1 been taken into account during its preparation; f) The likely significant effects on the environment, including on issues such as biodiversity, population, human health, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets, cultural heritage including architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and the interrelationship between the above factors. (Footnote: These effects should include secondary, cumulative, synergistic, short, medium and long-term permanent and temporary, positive and negative effects); g) The measures envisaged to prevent, reduce and as fully as possible offset any significant adverse effects on the environment of implementing the plan or programme; h) An outline of the reasons for selecting the alternatives dealt with, and a description of how the assessment was undertaken including any difficulties (such as technical deficiencies or lack of know-how) encountered in Table 2 compiling the required information; i) a description of measures envisaged concerning monitoring in accordance with Article 10; j) a non-technical summary of the information provided under the above headings The report shall include the information that may reasonably be required taking into account current knowledge and methods of assessment, the contents and level of detail in the plan or programme, its stage in the decision-making process and the extent to which certain matters are more appropriately assessed at different levels in that process to avoid duplication of the assessment (Art. 5.2). Consultation: • Authorities with environmental responsibility, when deciding on the scope and level of detail of the information Whole to be included in the environmental report (Art. 5.4). report • Authorities with environmental responsibility and the public shall be given an early and effective opportunity within appropriate time frames to express their opinion on the draft plan or programme and the accompanying environmental report before the adoption of the plan or programme (Art. 6.1, 6.2). • Other EU Member States, where the implementation of the plan or programme is likely to have significant effects on the environment of that country (Art. 7). Taking the environmental report and the results of the consultations into account in decision-making (Art. 8). Provision of information on the decision: When the plan or programme is adopted, the public and any countries consulted Shall be informed and the following made available to those so informed: • the plan or programme as adopted; • a statement summarising how environmental considerations have been integrated into the plan or programme and how the environmental report pursuant to Article 5, the opinions expressed pursuant to Article 6 and the results of consultations entered into pursuant to Article 7 have been taken into account in accordance with Article 8, and the reasons for choosing the plan or programme as adopted, in the light of the other reasonable alternatives dealt with; and

7 • The measures decided concerning monitoring (Art. 9 and 10). Monitoring of the significant environmental effects of the plan’s or programme’s implementation (Art. 10).

Quality assurance: environmental reports should be of a sufficient standard to meet the requirements of the SEA Directive (Art. 12).

Presented below is a table outlining the stages that have been undertaken in the preparation of this scoping report, and information required by Annex 1, Paragraph H of the SEA Directive.

Table 2: Outlining the scoping report preparation process including any problems encountered and observations. Stage Process Date Problems / observations Identify Internal interviews with Principal Nov – Sets out general issues and focuses future stages of environmental and Planning Officers to identify Dec scoping work. sustainability sustainability key issues, 05 issues problems relevant information for the SA/SEA Identify and assess PPP’s have been identified and Feb – There are a vast number of PPP’s to assess and other relevant assessed. May appraise and many could be considered in some way policies, plans and 06 relevant to the conservation area audit. programmes (PPP) Collect baseline Baseline date collected and Mar – Some key data is relatively old e.g. census information. data information that links to issues Sept Some not available needs enhancing e.g. Carbon identified at the initial interviews 06 emissions data. Available data is mostly generic to with Principal Planning Officers Westminster with very little being specific to Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area. Develop SA Develop SA framework June – Internal consultation carried out to identify the most framework Sept appropriate set of objectives for the SA framework. 06 Specific topics were always given priority depending on the consultees’ area of expertise. This had to be taken into account so as reduce bias in objectives. Scoping report Scoping report written and March Prepared for the Core Strategy and a number of production prepared for consultation. – April Conservation Area SPD’s at the same time. 08 Consult on scoping Consultation includes statutory April – report consultees and complies with May adopted Statement of 07 Community Involvement.

5 Sustainability Appraisal and the Planning Process Westminster’s Local Development Scheme came into effect on 1 April 2005 and outlines the programme for preparing and reviewing Local Development Documents. This includes a timetable for the production of Conservation Area Audits.

The processes of Sustainability Appraisal and SPD production run concurrently. Figure 2 shows how the stages of the SPD process correlate with the stages of undertaking a Sustainability Appraisal.

8 Figure 2 (ODPM, November 2005)

The guidance sets out the stages, tasks and information that need to be included in the scoping report. Table 3 shows these stages. Stage A in this diagram is covered by this scoping report.

Table 3 Sustainability Appraisal process for SPD’s SPD Stages SA Stage and Task Output SPD Stage 1: Stage A: Setting the context and objectives, establishing the Scoping Report that Pre-production – baseline and deciding the scope presents the prescribed Evidence A1: Identifying other relevant policies, plans and information, which sets a Gathering programmes, and sustainability objectives. baseline for the future A2: Collecting Baseline information. stages of the SA. A3: Identifying sustainability issues and problems A4: Developing the SA framework. A5: Consulting on the scope of the SA SPD Stage 2: Stage B: Developing and refining options and assessing effects Information to be Production – B1: Testing the SPD objectives against the SA framework included in the final Prepare draft SPD B2: Developing the SPD options. Sustainability report B3: Predicting the effects of the SPD. which demonstrates the B4: Evaluating the effects of the SPD. integration and B5: Considering ways of mitigating adverse effects and maximising consideration of beneficial effects. sustainability in the B6: Proposing measures to monitor the significant objective and option effects of implementing the SPD. formulation including mitigation proposals. Stage C: Preparing the Sustainability Appraisal Report. Sustainability Appraisal C1: Preparing the SA report prepared to accompany Stage D: Consulting on the draft SPD and Sustainability the draft SPD. Described Appraisal Report. as a key output of the D1: Public participation on the preferred options of the appraisal process. SPD and the SA Report. D2: Appraising significant changes. SPD Stage 3: D3: Making decisions and providing information Collated information Adoption Stage E: Monitoring the significant effects of implementing the gathered from monitoring SPD activities presented in the E1: Finalising aims and methods for monitoring Annual Monitoring Report E2: Responding to adverse effects.

9 The majority of the information gathered, including other plans and programmes and baseline data have been presented in a table format, which can be found in the appendices with overviews and findings presented in the main body of the report.

6 Stage A: Setting the Context and Objectives 6.1 Task A1: Identifying other relevant plans, policies, programmes and sustainability objectives The content of planning documents and Sustainability Appraisals (SA) may be influenced in a number of ways by policies and legislation set out in other Plans, Policies and Programmes (PPP’s).

A comprehensive review of the relevant PPP’s has been carried out as a part of the SA process for the Core Strategy Development Plan Document and has formed the basis of this analysis. However, each Conservation Area Audit SPD covers only a small area and will only have impacts at a local level. The other relevant plans and programmes will therefore be confined to those which influence at this local level and those which influence the management of conservation areas. A list of the 33 relevant PPP’s are set out in Table 3 with the full review provided in Appendix 1.

It should be noted that existing Conservation Area Appraisal do not exist and so could not be included in the list of relevant PPP’s to assist in the sustainability appraisal process.

Table 4 List of PPP’s assessed. National PPS 1 Delivering sustainable development PPS 9 Biodiversity and Geographical conservation PPS 12 Local Development Framework PPS 22 Renewable energy PPS23 Planning and pollution control PPG 3 Housing PPG 4 Industrial, commercial development and small firms PPG 8 Telecommunications PPG 13 Transport PPG 15 Planning and the Historic environment PPG 16 Archaeology and planning PPG17 Open Space, sports and recreation PPG 24 Planning and noise English heritage Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals and Conservation Area Management. Regional The London Plan Mayor’s Draft View Management Framework (2005) Mayor’s Biodiversity Action Plan Mayor’s Energy Strategy (2004) Local Unitary Development Plan 2007 Westminster City Council’s Community Plan – One City (draft) 'Air Quality Strategy & Action Plan' (2001) and 'Air Quality Strategy & Action Plan: Progress Report' (2005) Open Space Strategy (daft) Sustainable Buildings SPG Economic Development Strategy Nature Conservation Strategy (1997) 'Biodiversity Action Plan' (2000) Design Matters in Westminster – Supplementary Planning Guidance on creating good City architecture Development and Demolition in Conservation Areas Railings In Westminster SPG Roofs: A guide to Alterations and Extensions on Domestic Buildings

10 Shopfronts, Blinds and Signs Westminster Way: A Public Realm manual for the City Inclusive access and Design SPG

The assessment of other PPP’s has identified a number of key considerations and synergies, which needs to be taken into account in the formulation of this SPD, which are:  Consideration of the effects of climate change and the need for a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions.  The overall protection of the environment and need to reduce levels of environmental pollution.  The facilitation and promotion of sustainable patterns of urban development and land use; ensuring that development supports and contributes to the creation of safe, accessible, sustainable communities.  The need to sustain, maintain, restore and enhance biodiversity and environmental resources; accommodating this in new development and recognising links between nature conservation and well-being.  The promotion of sustainability in new development and existing building stock.  The endorsement of policies that actively encourage the inclusion of renewable energy in the energy mix – 10% of electricity by 2010 and 20% by 2020.  The need to meet housing requirements for whole community by providing wider choice, mix, size, type, location and mixed communities.  The reduction in the need to travel, especially by car.  The importance of valuing the physical survival of our past as a central part of out cultural heritage.  Achieving the effective protection of all aspects of the historic environment.  Ensuring effective preservation of archaeological sites.  Recognising the importance of open space. This is at a premium and pressure is considerable and will only increase.  Reduction and management of noise - Development of specific land uses should be guided to appropriate locations.  Achievement of transport infrastructure integration; redevelopment of major nodal interchanges  Reduction in waste and promotion of recycling.  Promotion of economic growth without detrimental impact upon environment.

6.2 Task A2: Collecting the base line information Baseline information is necessary for predicting and monitoring the effects of a strategic action such as an SPD. It can be viewed as a starting point, allowing for the identification of sustainability issues and problems. It establishes the current state of the area from a social, economic and environmental perspective; and how this could be influenced by adoption of the SPD.

The collection of the data has been completed in accordance with the DCLG (formerly ODPM) guidance which poses a set of questions to be taken into account as the baseline is developed. These are, as follows:

11 1. How good or bad is the current situation? 2. Do trends show that it is getting better or worse? 3. How far is the current situation from any established thresholds or targets? 4. Are particularly sensitive or important elements of the economy, physical environment or community affected (e.g. skills shortages, endangered species or rare habitats, and vulnerable social groups)? 5. Are the problems reversible or irreversible, permanent or temporary? 6. How difficult would it be to offset or remedy any damage? 7. Have there been significant cumulative or synergistic effects over time? 8. Are there expected to be such effects in the future?

The baseline data has been used to identify, clarify and confirm what the sustainability issues are, in general, for the City of Westminster and, specifically for the Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area. This information has in turn provided the evidence base to determine sustainability objectives, which will be used to test the conservation area policies as they evolve. The key issues with supporting data and evidence is summarised below in Table 5 and the full set of data presented in Appendix 2.

Table 5 Key Sustainability issues with supporting data. Sustainability Issues Characteristics and supporting data Increasing pressure on the  2.2 ha of public accessible open space / 1000 resident pop. natural and built  Common standard of 1.6 ha / 1000 pop. Initially open space provision does look environment including: acceptable. But the vast influx of daily tourists and visitors swells the daytime population  Immense pressure to approx. 1 million people. Reduces this standard to .5 ha / 1000. upon open space  C of W covers an area of 365 hectares and 17.1% is deemed deficient in terms of  General lack of open biodiversity. When compared to the other inner London Borough’s Westminster is slightly space in the better than average. But the situation is by no means satisfactory. residential areas in  The pressures placed on wildlife are compounded by the sheer number of daily visitors the north-west and that enter the borough. south of the borough  River quality when compared to the rest of the country is not very good, for London as a  The need to protect, whole. enhance and  C of W has 38 theatres, 60 Cinemas, 17 Casino’s, 3,000 + eating, drinking, nightlife increase biodiversity establishments, 430 hotels (40% London’s Hotel stock). Is home to the National Ballet and Increase in and Opera companies, museums and art galleries. habitats.  Strategic views cross large parts of Westminster. This in turn will influence and shape  Problems caused by spatial land use and building design. They therefore are significant when considering the late night activities – impact upon sustainability. noise, smells, rubbish  Historic and listed buildings are an issue in Westminster because of their large number  Need to protect and and level of importance. This will have an impact upon many spatial land use issues and enhance the cultural decisions. There are over 11,000 listed buildings in Westminster; this represents 20% of heritage, both listed buildings in London. It also has 54 conservation areas, covering 76% of architectural and Westminster by area, as well as 1 World Heritage Site, 6 Royal Parks’ 19 historic archaeological squares and gardens and 5 areas of special archaeological priority.  The significance and  There are 3 listed buildings in the Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area, one Grade high number of listed I, one Grade II* and one Grade II. buildings and  Air pollution affects residents, daily commuters and visitors to the borough. The AQMA conservation areas. for the whole of Westminster declared in 1999 for NO2 and PM10. In 2004 PM10 and NOx are at levels that exceed European standards. It is therefore an issue that needs to  Air pollution, the be addressed in the SA. whole of the borough is a declared AQMA.

12 Noise and the impact upon  WHO state that to prevent serious annoyance during the day in outdoor living areas human health and quality noise should not exceed 55db laeq for a steady continuous noise. At night noise levels at of life, the outside façade of living space should not exceed 45db laeq. Noting that the average  Ambient noise levels hourly night time noise levels only drop below the WHO day time recommended values  Noise impact from between 02:00-04:00.this data indicates that noise is a major issue in Westminster. licensed and  Westminster noise survey (June 2003) highlighted the traffic noise is a major issue commercial activities across the Borough, particularly if the vehicle noise source is also included. Construction  Cooling / heating activities also noted as having a significant impact. plant for buildings  What this information does not demonstrates is the impact upon residents from  Transport noise entertainment and licensed premises, which is a major issue. Waste and recycling,  There is no waste handling facility within the C of W. Primarily due to the immense  No waste handling pressure upon land. All of Westminster’s waste has to be handled outside of the borough. facility in Westminster  Recycling waste is vital to contributing to sustainable development. recycling rates need  Best Value Indicator for street cleanliness is an issue for the City to improve as population increases  Street cleansing important Road transport and  City of Westminster has a daily influx of people that takes the borough’s daily population congestion are an issue to over 1 million (approx.). The provision for  In Westminster the underground is the predominant mode of public transport. pedestrians and cycling  Walking in Westminster is also important. Despite this and the level of public transport needs to be increased., access 13.2 % of residents still drive to work.  Quality of the public  In Westminster there is increased reliance upon Public Transport for those with no realm is important access to car  Pedestrianisation is  The majority of the Borough has an excellent PTAL (Public Transport Access Level) an issue due to rating, level 6b(40.01+). The north-west and south of the Borough has slightly less public numbers of people transport access which does correlate with the more deprived areas in the Borough. entering Westminster  Westminster has a very high level of road vehicle ownership. Particularly in comparison daily with the rest of England & Wales.  Further support for  Congestion around the CZZ (Congestion Charge Zone) has decreased with Westminster alternative modes of having an average % change when compared to other boroughs that surround the CZZ. transport, specifically  C of W has intense pedestrian activity. Managing this number of people is a major cycling and walking, challenge. Particularly with all the other land use pressures experienced in the Borough. including green travel  Overall trend for KSI (Killed or Seriously Injured) figures are that they have progressively plans. dropped since 1990. When compared to neighbouring Boroughs the situation is not good. National target is to reduce Killed and Seriously Injured on GB roads by 40% by 2010 compared with 94-98 averages. In Westminster this means a reduction from 302 to 181 between 2000 and 2010  City of Westminster has good public transport links, which are reflected in the high proportion trips to school being made on these modal transport groups.  Cycling is an issue and advised by the SRS (Safe Routes to School)officer this is mainly down to lack of storage space. As well as possible safety issues.  Advised walking figures are relatively good and are help by the small catchment areas Westminster schools have. Climate change, climate  In 2003 C of W emitted 6.8% (3,451,000 tonnes) of the total carbon emissions for the change adaptation and air whole of London (50,843,000 tonnes), which is approx. 0.6% of the whole of the UK’s quality, total.  Green house gas  The main contributing factor would be the amount of electricity consumed within the emissions and borough by commercial activities (12.6% of total emissions from electricity used in contribution to this commercial activities for the whole of London). global issue  C of W is also responsible for 11.4% of total carbon emissions from gas used in  Change in weather commercial activity for the whole of London. patterns  The C of W figure is far higher than the figure for London. The main reason is the high  Increase in flood risk proportion of commercial activity, with C of W accounting for 11.8% of ’s ind.+  Flash flooding and Commercial carbon emissions. drainage issues.  Future climate in London is predicted to be, warmer, wetter winters more intense downpours of rain. Hotter drier summers, with more frequent and extreme high temp. Reducing the impact upon climate change and adapting to the predicted changes are vital and need to be addressed. No specific figures for Westminster found.  Flooding is deemed low risk but is something that needs to be taken into account, particularly as the true impact of climate change is not yet fully known.  Palace of Westminster is within the Environment Agency’s flood risk zone which is in an area which fell outside the extent of the extreme flood, at the time of the Environment Agency assessment of the likelihood of flooding. Generally this means that the chance of flooding each year from rivers or the sea is 0.1% (1 in 1000) or less.

13 Sustainable building  From water pollution incident data it is difficult to fully ascertain the issues from C of W policies need to be perspective. But the nature of the intensely developed urban environment is conducive to embraced in a far greater cumulatively impacting on water pollution. fashion,  UK trend is for more electricity being generated by renewable methods. In conservation  Need to increase areas the installation of renewable energy generation can be contentious due to the energy efficiency potential visual impact. measures  The Thames region accounts for 10% of land in the UK and nearly a quarter of the  Application of SUD’s population with a below average annual rainfall. Water supply is a major issue in the SE  Sustainability issues of England and therefore Westminster. in historic and listed  For the Thames region the average water consumption in litres/ person /day in 2000 – 01 buildings as well as was 163 by 2004 – 05 reduced slightly to 161 litres/day. Increase in water consumption new developments with a greater amount used in the Thames (therefore C of W) region than the country as a whole. This is important when the number of in people living in the region is on the increase.  The application of sustainability design and construction standards are required to assist in improving the over all contribution to sustainable development. The Code for Sustainable homes, BREEAM and Ecohomes would seem that sort of approach that would allow this to happen. Supply of appropriate  Little change in amount of homelessness in Westminster over the last 4 years. Although housing the number in London has dropped, a high proportion are in Westminster.  Homelessness is a  Throughout the country and London number of houses completed has steadily major issue increased. In Westminster this trend is very much the opposite. Except for social housing  supply of affordable which has increased and intermediary  The number of dwellings in London is increasing on the same land size. This increases home the pressure upon local services and infrastructure Overcrowding and the density of  over crowding and people in the C of W is a major issue being the third most crowded LA area in the country polarisation and lack  No of council properties (2005) in Westminster was 12,407, this figure has consistently of family units decreased over the last 11 years. Major challenge is the  C of W seen a steady increase in population from 174,842 in 1991, 181,286 in 2001 and creation of cohesive and 222,000 in 2003 which is a similar rate to the national increase. London as a whole seen inclusive communities, a greater increase which are sustainable  C of W is by number of people / hectare the ninth densest local authority in the UK.  Need to supply  Adult pop is higher than average with the children and elderly proportion being lower. appropriate level of  Ethnicity is diverse in Westminster and is not only reflected in statistics but also by the social and community fact that there are 120 languages (City Futures, City of Westminster Profile) spoken by facilities if sustainable residents in the borough. It is vital to have an inclusive society, which can maximise the communities are to potential of all residents. be created and  C of W is a diverse religious community with Christians being the biggest group followed maintained. by no religion followed by Islam.  Mixed use pattern of  By comparison Westminster has a higher than average senior management/ land use creates professional occupation. Although it does have a slightly less than average small conflicting issues employers and lower supervisory employment types.  Remedy areas, which  Life expectancy in Westminster is above the London average as well as the average for are recognised as England and Wales for both men and women deprived.  Health and well-being of all the community and Community cohesion and inclusion.

14 Maintain economic  16,207 offices – 8.4 million m2 and 8,526 retail premises – 2.2 million m2 diversity and increase  GDP in 2005 was £16 billion local opportunity  Number of business based in the borough is 47,000 (mar. 2005)  Land and office cost  More business failing than starting up. With high % than for London and much high % for very high in GB. Westminster  New business is similar to London figure and more than for GB as a whole  Careful is not a victim  The supply of jobs far out strips the supply of residents and is far greater than the of its own success, London and GB figures. very successful  C of W provides 14.1% of all employment in London (Economic Development Strategy, economic activity Mar.05) covering a wide  C of W has proportionally more full-time jobs than rest of London and the country as a number of areas. whole Needs to include all  C of W more dependent on the service sector than the rest of London or GB. In particular age groups in facility finance, IT and business activities and tourism. Manufacturing is much lower than for GB provision as is construction. The patterns are similar when compared to the rest of London.  Education and job  C of W has higher than average number of residents of working age creation and  Huge disparity between average income male and female residents. Greater than for distribution of wealth rest of London and the country. to local communities  Average pay is higher than for the rest of London and the country as a whole  Westminster has less JSA than the rest of London and slightly more than the GB average.  In all areas more men than women claiming JSA The trend is similar for all areas. With less young people claiming JSA in Westminster. But more middle range claiming as with over 50’s.  C of W is a borough of extremes with some of the wealthiest areas in the country next to some of the poorest. Church St and Queens Park are the two most deprived SOA in London.  The distribution of wealth across the Borough would appear to be a key issue.  When compared to the rest of London the education figures are not that different. Area where this is an issue is NVQ1 level which less than 5GCSE’s is below the figures for London and GB. Over view at the very bottom or the scale and the top Westminster is above London and national figures. It the middle of the scale where there are problems which is the school leavers type of education.

Likely Future Trends. Identifying and predicting future trends is difficult with so many differing factors that interplay and impact on the City of Westminster. There are some key factors, which can be identified and will have an impact upon the City, which are:  Continuous redevelopment taking place with density of residential and commercial premises increasing. There are very few large sites available in the City of Westminster suitable for redevelopment.  Current residential population is approximately 230,000 and this is expected to increase to between 310,000 and 350,000 by 2016. This predicted rise in population will increase pressure upon the social and community facilities and the local environment.  Meeting the challenge of supplying affordable quality housing will always be an issue, due to the numbers of people living and wanting to live in the City, as well as the ever-increasing pressure on land.  A growing population will increase pressure upon the local environment and social facilities and will increase the need for community cohesion and integration.  Increasing availability of new technology to enhance and deliver services to all residents.  The economy of the City of Westminster is important locally as well as nationally, with over half-a-million people employed and approximately 50,000 businesses located within the City. It will increasingly rely upon the service

15 sector to provide jobs. Business tourism is set to increase and will require improved services and facilities.  The 2012 Olympics will have a major impact upon the City of Westminster through Olympic events themselves, tourism, entertainment, shopping and hotel usage (presently 40 % of all of London’s hotels are located in City of Westminster).

6.3 Task A3 Identifying Sustainability Issues The aim of Task A3 is to identify issues likely to affect the area, which will need to be addressed to achieve sustainable development.

Baseline data has been used to clarify and confirm what the sustainability issues are in general for the City of Westminster and specifically for Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area. This information in turn provides the evidence base to determine a set of sustainability objectives.

Table 5 presents a summary of these sustainability issues as identified by the collection of the baseline data and internal consultation with key officers from Westminster City Council.

6.4 Task A4. Developing the Sustainability Appraisal framework. Task A4 develops the sustainability appraisal framework. This methodology enables the likely sustainability effects of the SPD to be analysed, compared and critically assessed. The identification of sustainability issues allows the development of a set of sustainability objectives, which will be used to appraise and modify policies, to increase their sustainability credentials. They can be seen as a methodological yardstick against which social, environmental and economic effects of a plan can be tested.2 The sustainability objectives have been developed in the first instance by researching issues specific to the City of Westminster through detailed discussion with key officers in the Local Authority. These have then been illustrated through the collection of baseline information. The final resulting objectives have undergone an internal consultation process (their development matrix is included in appendix 4), culminating in the sustainability objectives presented in Table 6.

These sustainability objectives have also been formulated So that they meet and are consistent with those in the London Plan, the higher tier regional spatial plan.

2 ODPM Guidance

16 Table 6 SA objectives and their link to the three key pillars of sustainable development. l c n a i i o r c m i o o v S n n

Sustainability Objectives o E c E

1 To create cohesive, inclusive and safe communities with appropriate  levels of social and community facilities. 2 To reduce the fear of crime and actual crime.   To ensure the provision of appropriate housing types to meet homeless, 3  affordable, intermediary, over crowding and family unit demands. 4 To promote and improve health and well-being.  To reduce greenhouse gas emissions and support climate change 5    adaptation. To require the application of sustainable design and construction in all 6   new developments and refurbishment of existing buildings. To minimise flood risk, promote sustainable urban drainage and protect 7  surface and ground water quality. To protect, enhance and create environments that encourage and 8  support biodiversity. 9 To improve air quality.   10 To reduce the impact of noise.    11 To reduce the need to travel and use of private motorised vehicular transport as well as encouraging walking, cycling and the use of public    transport. To reduce waste production and increase recycling and recovery of all 12  waste. To protect and enhance the historic environment and architectural, 13    archaeological and cultural heritage. 14 To enhance the public realm and street environment.   To protect, enhance and seek opportunities to increase open space 15   throughout the borough. 16 To ensure equality of opportunity and improve opportunities for  education, training and employment.  17 To maintain economic diversity, increase local opportunity and support  sustainable economic growth. 

The objectives have also been formulated so that they meet the environmental protection objectives set out in the SEA Directive. This is demonstrated in Table 7, which establishes the intrinsic link between the objectives relating to the specific environmental and sustainability issues experienced by the City of Westminster and the SEA Directives key objective to protect the environment and promote sustainable development.

17 Table 7 Sustainability objective and there link to SEA Directive protection objectives Environmental protection objectives (part f, Annex 1, Directive 2001/42/EC) Sustainability Objectives Biodiversity 7, 8, 9, 14, 15 Population (this term is not clearly defined in the Directive) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, Human Health 1, 2, 3, 4, Fauna 5, 8, 15 Flora 5, 8, 15 Soil 7, 13 Water 5, 6, 7, Air 5, 9, 11, Climatic Factors 5, 6, 7, 11, 12, Material Assets (this term is not clearly defined in the Directive) 3, 5, 6, 7, 14 Cultural heritage – Architectural, archaeological, 13, 14, 15 Landscape 5, 7, 13, 14, 15

Sustainability Objectives Framework The Sustainability Appraisal Objectives have been assessed for their compatibility to identify potential conflict between the individual objectives. Each objective has the same weight and given equal importance. The resulting matrix set out in Figure 3, identifies where potential clashes between individual objectives may exist. s

e 1 1 v i t 2  2  c SA objective are compatible e j b

o 3   3 X

y SA objectives conflict with each other t i l i

b 4   4 O a  no clear link between SA objectives n i a t

s 5  x  5

u o s 6     6 o 7      7 o 8       8 o 9  x    o  9 o 10      o   10 o 11       o    11

12 x o   o o   o 12 o o 13   X          13

14              14

15   x         o   15

16     o o o o o o  o o o  16

18 17     x  o  x   x   x  17

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 sustainability objectives Figure 3. Assessment of the compatibility between the sustainability objectives.

It demonstrates that the majority of the objectives are compatible with each other or that there is no clear link and therefore no conflict. There are a number of exceptions where possible conflict between two sustainability objectives may exist.

Objective 3 (appropriate housing units) and 17 (sustainable economic growth) are predicted to be in conflict with other sustainability objectives. This is because they both require the potential increase in activities, which will contribute to pressures placed on the local environment. This includes increasing carbon emissions, contributing to local air pollution, producing more waste; and placing increased pressure upon green space and the historic environment.

The assumptions or justification for the conflicting objectives are presented below in Table 8 accompanied by considerations, which will assist in mitigating the predicted issues.

Table 8. Identification and explanation for conflicting objectives. Likely Comments / Justification / Mitigation / Resolution / conflicting Assumption Consideration objectives 3 and 5 With an increase in residential units Climate change consideration will need there will be an increase in space to be taken in to account when forming heating / cooling, which along with policies relating to residential unit associated transport demands is likely construction, conversion or to increase greenhouse gas emissions. refurbishment. 3 and 9 An increase in the number of housing Air quality consideration will need to be units will mean an increase in space taken into account when form policies. heating from boilers and increasing Will also reflect other plan objectives – demands on transport usage, including WCC AQS&AP, The Mayors AQAP and private road vehicles, all of which will national AQAP. impact upon air quality 3 and 12 Increase in residential units will Waste / recycling storage space need to increase the amount of municipal waste be supplied in residential developments that will need to be collected and and services need to be able to cope recycled. with potential increases in waste and recycled material. 3 and 13 Pressure to supply more residential Careful consideration for the historic units could impinge on historic environment needs to take place to environment as the demand for housing prevent this happening; difficult as is satisfied. pressures on land constantly increase. 3 and 15 More residential units are likely to Land pressure in very difficult to increase pressure on open space by resolve. Have green space is vital for actual land take and increase in social well being and community numbers using the open spaces. cohesion. 17 and 5 Any increase in economic activity is Climate change consideration will need likely to have a negative impact upon to be taken in to account when forming greenhouse gas emissions because of policies relating to commercial unit the increase in buildings and construction, conversion or

19 subsequent heating / cooling demands refurbishment. and transport requirements. 17 and 9 Increasing economic activity will require Air quality consideration will need to be more commercial buildings requiring taken into account when form policies. space heating / cooling which will Will also reflect other plan objectives – contribute to levels of air pollution. Also, WCC AQS&AP, The Mayors AQAP and more people travelling to work in the national AQAP. City will increase demands on transport again will contribute to air pollution. 17 and 12 An increase in economic activity is likely Encouraging recycling within to increase waste production directly commercial organisations should be and indirectly. encourage and so reduce the conflict between these two objectives 17 and 15 Increase in economic activity may The increase in pressure upon open increase pressure on open space as space is inevitable if more people work more people use it. in Westminster.

The potential for conflict between sustainability objectives are not insurmountable and through the development of policies these potential conflicts can be minimised.

6.5 Task A5 Consulting on the Scope of the Sustainability Appraisal Westminster City Council sets out how and the way in which it will consult on all LDF documents, including SPD’s, in its Statement of Community Involvement, a copy of which can be found at which can be found on the council’s website at – http://www.Westminster.gov.UK/environment/planning/ldf/statement-of-community- involvement.cfm.

Article 6 of the SEA Directive requires Member States to designate the authorities to be consulted, which, by reason of their specific environmental responsibilities, are likely to be concerned by the environmental effects or implementing plans and programmes. The designated authorities for England and Wales are:  English Heritage  Natural England  Environment Agency

These authorities will be consulted and invited to comment on the scope and detail of the environmental information included in this report.

7 Next Stages of the Sustainability Appraisal The remaining stages of the Sustainability Appraisal will be completed concurrently with the drafting of the Conservation Area Audit SPD and will include comments received in response to the consultation on this scoping report. This is the initial stage of the Sustainability Appraisal process and is designed to establish a benchmark and prepare the way forward for the subsequent stages of the Sustainability Appraisal. The process is set out in Table 3.

20 21 Abbreviations AMR Annual Monitoring Report AQAP Air Quality Acton Plan AQS&AP Air Quality Strategy and Action Plan BVPI Best Value Performance Indicator C of W City of Westminster CZZ Congestion Charging Zone CAA Conservation Area Audit DCLG Department of Community and Local Government DPD Development Plan Document EA Environment Agency JSA Job Seekers Allowance KSI Killed or Seriously Injured LDS Local Development Scheme LDF Local Development framework ODPM Office Deputy Prime Minister PPP Plans, Policies programmes PTAL Public Transport Accessibility Level SA Sustainability Appraisal SEA Strategic Environmental Assessment SPD Supplementary planning Document SOA Special Opportunity Area SRS Safe Routes to School WHO World Health Organisation

22 Appendices

Appendix 1: Analysis of plans, programmes and environmental objectives Appendix 2: Baseline Data for the City of Westminster Appendix 3: Sustainability Objects and associated Plan objectives Appendix 4 Sustainability Objective development through consolation

23 Appendix A: Relevant Plans, Policies and Programmes

Relevant Plans, Programmes, Policies & Strategies National and International PPS 1 Delivering Sustainable Development, ODPM 2005 http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1143805

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Facilitate and promote sustainable patterns of urban development SPD documents need to take objectives in to account and these should These themes should underpin the sustainability appraisal. by: be integrated into policies.  Making suitable land available for development in line with economic, social and environmental objectives to improve the quality of life.  Contributing to sustainable economic growth.  Protecting and where possible enhancing the natural and historic environment and the quality and character of the countryside, and existing successful communities.  Ensuring high quality development through good design.  Ensuring that development supports existing communities and contributes to the creation of safe, accessible, sustainable communities. PPG 3 Housing, 1990 http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1143941

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA  Plan to meet housing requirements for whole community. SPD should not conflict with the objective of meeting the housing SA will identify the social, environmental and economic  Provide wider choice, mix, size, type, location and mixed needs of the whole residential community. implications of different housing types and identify the best communities. from a sustainability perspective and any conflict with  Make more efficient use of land and under utilised buildings. conservation policies.  Reduce car dependency in residential development. PPG 4 industrial, commercial development and small firms http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1143926

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA  Encourage economic growth which is compatible with The needs of business and economic development need to be The SA will assist in identifying potential conflict between environmental objectives taken into account and considered along with environmental and economic policies, the environment and social considerations.  Give greater certainty as to types of development allowed in social implications. specific locations  Commercial activity located where transport is most efficient and road traffic reduced  Mixed use is acceptable and encouraged unless specific environmental adverse effects are likely. Optimum use should be made potential sites and existing premises. PPG 8 Telecommunications http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1143926

24 Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA  Facilitates the growth of telecommunication systems while keeping The improvement of telecommunications should be balanced Infrastructure provision needs to be taken into account from the environmental impacts to a minimum, with particular concern for against the protection of the environment and society. impacts upon the environment, society and economic impacts upon buildings of architectural or historic importance. perspective.  Take into account cumulative impact of multiple masts  Location of mast relative to sensitive receptors PPG 13 Transport http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1144016#P13_304 Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA The objectives of this guidance are to integrate planning and transport at The improvement of public transport, cycling and pedestrian Sustainable transport is vital for sustainable development and the national, regional, strategic and local level to: provision needs to be taken into account when forming the SPD needs to be taken in to account and 1. promote more sustainable transport choices for both people and for policies. moving freight; 2. promote accessibility to jobs, shopping, leisure facilities and services by public transport, walking and cycling, and 3. reduce the need to travel, especially by car. PPG 15 Planning and the Historic Environment DoE and Department of National Heritage, 1994 Link: http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1144041

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA  Should be effective protection for all aspects of the historic Need to protect historic buildings and especially to preserve or Identify the most appropriate options for protection to environment enhance the character or appearance of the conservation area conservation area whilst meeting social and economic needs  The physical survival of our past is to be valued and protected as a underpins the SPD. central part of our cultural heritage. PPG 16 Archaeology and Planning DoE and Department of National Heritage, 1990 Link: http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1144057

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA  Archaeological remains are irreplaceable, they are the only evidence Need to meet the balance between protection and preservation Identify the most appropriate options that protect archaeological of past development of our civilisation. off archaeological sites with the need to meet social and sites while meeting social and economic needs.  In particular care must be taken to ensure that archaeological economic needs of an area. remains are not needlessly or thoughtlessly destroyed. PPG17 Open space, sports and recreation http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1143926

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA  Setting local standards for open space and identify extra provision SPD should be consistent with the objective of protection of Protection and enhancement of open space is important requirements as well as improving access and existing facilities. open space as pressures on land increase across the City. economically, socially as well as environmentally.  Maintain an adequate supply of Open Space by protecting existing facilities (including playing fields), using development opportunities to improve open space and associated facilities, prevent the erosion of quality of open space, better management of open space.  New open space should taken in to account; accessibility, contribute to town centre vitality, improve the quality of public realm, provision

25 of open space in commercial areas, safety, meet regeneration needs, social inclusion and needs of tourists  Use planning obligations to alleviate local deficiencies. Particularly where quality and or quantity is threatened and local needs are increased. PPG 24 Planning and Noise http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1143926

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA  Noise can have a significant effect on the environment and on the Policies should take into account the impact of noise across the Need to ensure focus on minimising the impact of noise upon quality of life. City. With particular focus on preventing noise generating land the local environment and community.  Development of specific land uses should be guided to appropriate use being located near to noise sensitive land uses. locations.  Development plans should give developer and the community a degree of certainty about areas where particular types of development will be acceptable PPS 9 Biodiversity and Geographical conservation http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1143803

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA  Sustain, maintain, restore and enhance biodiversity and Policies need to take into account the need to protect and Identify which policy options will have the most positive effect environmental resources enhance biodiversity. on biodiversity.  Ensure appropriate significance in made to protected sites of biological importance  To accommodate biodiversity within new development, +recognising the link between nature conservation and a sense of well-being in the community.  This corresponds with biodiversities role in supporting economic diversification. PPS12 Local Development Framework ODPM 2004 Link: http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1143847

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA  Establishes the format and methodology to be employed to Is a guiding PPS on the whole process so influence is SA must comply with procedures as set out in this planning implement the new planning system documents. paramount. policy statement. PPS 22 Renewable energy http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1143803

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA  Statement of government policy concerning planning and Establishes targets for renewables. Endorses policies that Policies need to employ the best option for promoting the development control of renewable energy developments. actively encourage the inclusion of renewable energy in the uptake of renewable energy in new and existing buildings.  UK target to generate 10% of electricity from renewable sources by energy mix. 2010, and 20% by 2020. PPS23 Planning and pollution control http://www.communities.gov.UK/index.asp?id=1143803

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA

26  Consideration should be made to the quality of land, air and water Impacts of existing pollution are minimised and that any new SA will identify options that allow development which minimise and potential impacts from development development does to increase pollution levels in general. cause of environmental pollution  Potential sensitivity to pollution – landscape, soil, air, water nature conservation.  Reduce land use conflict caused by mixed use developments  Compliance with statutory environmental quality standards  Limit GHG emissions and take into account potential effects of Climate Change (including drainage)  Cumulative impacts to be considered Guidance on Conservation Area Appraisals and Guidance on the Management of Conservation Areas English Heritage, 2005 Link:http://www.english-heritage.org.UK/server/show/nav.00100200800g005

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Sets out guidance for the preparation of conservation area appraisals and The format of the conservation area appraisal should be in management of conservation areas conformity with this guidance. Regional The London Plan GLA 2001 Link: http://www..gov.UK/mayor/strategies/sds/_plan_download.jsp

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA The Key Themes of the Plan are: Conservation Area Audit should be in general conformity with The London Plan has had a sustainability Appraisal carried out 1. health of Londoner’s the London Plan. on it therefore policies that directly refer to it should be as 2. equality of opportunity sustainable as is practically possible. 3. Contribute to sustainable development. And six key objectives which are; 1. To accommodate growth within its boundaries without encroaching on open spaces. 2. To make London a better city for people to live in. 3. To make London a more prosperous city with strong and diverse economic growth. 4. To promote social inclusion and tackle deprivation and discrimination. 5. To improve accessibility. 6. To make a more attractive, well-designed and green city. Mayor’s Biodiversity Action Plan Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA The Mayor’s Biodiversity Strategy aims to protect and enhance the natural Biodiversity needs to be taken into account by the Need to make sure biodiversity considerations hare included in habitats of London together with their variety of species. The Strategy sets Conservation Area Audit all the conservation areas policies out the Mayor’s vision for the future, identifying the key issues and providing innovative solutions. It demonstrates how ’s biodiversity can be maintained as a crucial part of a sustainable world city. The Draft View Management Framework GLA 2005 Link: http://www..gov.UK/mayor/strategies/sds/spg-views.jsp Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Provides guidance and policies on the protection of London views. Conservation Area Audits identify local views using criteria Sustainability Objectives must identify the most appropriate suggested in the guidance options for the protection of views whilst allowing for social and economic development.

27 Local Unitary Development Plan Westminster City Council , 1997 and 2004 (RUDP) http://www.Westminster.gov.UK/environment/planning/unitarydevelopmentplan/ Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA The UDP sets out planning policies for developing land, improving transport Until the adoption of the LDF, the RUDP policies will set the Monitoring of UDP policies provides much of the evidence and protecting the environment for the next 10 – 15 years. It advises foundation or stating point for the policies that are included base and baseline for the SA people on the types of development likely to get planning permission. It within the conservation area audit. There consideration is gives guidance for planners when deciding on planning applications and obviously imperative the basis by which planning decisions are defended at public enquiry Westminster City Council’s Community Strategy – The City Plan 2006-16 (draft) http://www.Westminster.gov.UK/councilgovernmentanddemocracy/councils/partnerships/upload/CityPlanFinal.pdf Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA The City Plan sets a vision for the future and outlines key aims and The Community Strategy identifies the policy options to which all As the City Plan is designed to encourage economic, social priorities to achieve this vision over the next ten years. It does this by other policy documents should contribute. Conservation Area and environmental well being of the city the policies it effects establishing the four key goals, with the priorities to achieve these goals Audits must therefore align with these. should be sustainable. which are: 1.An Improving City Environment  A safer city  A more sustainable, cleaner and greener city  A well-designed and distinctive city 2.Better Life Chances for All Our Citizens  A better city for children and young people  A city of opportunity meeting the aspirations of all our citizens  A strong and economically thriving city built in partnership with business 3.Cohesive communities and engaged citizens  A more united city  A stronger voice for local people 4.Customer Tailored Services.  Accessible services  Locally-focused services Sustainable Buildings SPG http://www.Westminster.gov.UK/environment/planning/sitesandprojectspolicies/spg.cfm Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Advises on the life cycle of building projects, including the basic The objectives of the SPD should be embraced within the The SPD objectives will be supported by the SA as it assists in principles of sustainable construction. Key goal is to enable the Conservation Area Audits, so that the impact upon the policy selection that contribute to sustainable development. environmental performance and quality of design of buildings in the city environment from new development is reduced and social as to be improved. well as economic consideration are taken into account.

Design Matters in Westminster City Council http://www3.Westminster.gov.UK/planningpublications/cf-results.cfm Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Sets out the councils policies with regards to design of new buildings in Need to promote high quality design and materials, sensitive to SA objectives should incorporate these themes Westminster, including accessibility, sustainability and context. the local context

28 Development and Demolition in Conservation Areas SPG Westminster City Council

http://www3.Westminster.gov.UK/planningpublications/cf-results.cfm Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Sets out the city council’s policies and guidance with regards to Retention of unlisted buildings of merit, original architectural SA objectives must incorporate these themes. development and demolition in conservation areas. detail and features which contribute to the character of the conservation area. Roofs – A Guide to Alterations and Extensions on Domestic Buildings Westminster City Council

http://www3.Westminster.gov.UK/planningpublications/cf-results.cfm Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Sets out the city council’s policy with regards to alteration and extension Original historic roof forms shall be retained where appropriate SA objectives must incorporate these themes. of roofs. and new design sensitive to historic context Shopfronts, Blinds and Signs, Westminster City Council

http://www3.Westminster.gov.UK/planningpublications/cf-results.cfm Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Sets out the city council’s policy with regards to alterations to shopfronts. Shop front and signs should be designed with respect to the Need to balance economic and environmental objectives. architecture and character of the area. The shop front must be seen as an integral part of the building. Seek to prevent loss of traditional shopfronts, reinstate features where missing in any scheme for a new shop front. T

Westminster Biodiversity Action plan, Westminster City Council, 2000 http://www3.Westminster.gov.UK/publications/publications_detail.cfm?ID=691 Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Identifies priority Species and Habitats For Protection In Westminster - Protection of priority species and habitats Assess the effectiveness of audit in combining aims of built Sets out a series of Action Plans covering this. environment and nature conservation. Westminster Way- A Public Realm Manual for the City, Westminster City Council, 2004 http://www3.Westminster.gov.UK/publications/publications_detail.cfm?ID=1114

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA A manual for design of public realm in Westminster Use of high quality materials and high standard of design Need to assess sustainability of materials and contribution of high contributing to an accessible, sustainable and attractive quality public realm to economic and social as well as public realm, in keeping with the character of the environmental objectives conservation area. Air Quality Strategy for Westminster http://www.Westminster.gov.UK/environment/pollution/airpollution/airqualityinfo.cfm

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA  To reduce emissions from the most polluting vehicles by working The objectives need to be integrated and supported by the Policies that minimise the impact upon air quality need to be

29 with the Mayor and London boroughs to implement a low emission plan so that new development has a minimal impact upon air identified by the SA. zone pollution.  To reduce traffic and discourage unnecessary car journeys through traffic control and restraint based parking policies  To promote the use of alternative road fuels such as gas, fuel cells and electricity in general, but especially in council vehicles, contractors vehicles, buses, taxis, light vans.  To promote the development of a refuelling infrastructure for alternative fuels in Westminster and central London  To enforce emissions standards through: the roadside emissions testing programme, and the stationary vehicles offence - working with other London local authorities.  To promote alternative modes of transport to the private car including walking, cycling and public transport  To reduce the impact of development on traffic emissions  To minimise emissions caused by building activities  To minimise emissions caused by the use of buildings  To monitor air quality  To raise public awareness  To work in partnership with others Economic Development Strategy http://www.Westminster.gov.UK/Business/economicdevelopment/upload/EDS%20final.pdf

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Has three key objectives;  A clean and safe environment creating the right SA needs to select options that support environmental protection, 1. Supporting Business and Enterprise conditions for businesses to succeed and thrive. are socially responsible as well as allowing economic 2. Business friendly City Management  Provide businesses and employers with the skills that development. 3. Promoting Employability. they need on their doorstep. Open Space SPG http://www.Westminster.gov.UK/environment/planning/ldf/documents/oss.cfm

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA The key objectives of the Open Space Strategy are to improve the quality, Open space is important and needs protection as the The objectives and actions of the open Space Strategy therefore management, accessibility and usage of parks and other open spaces in pressures on land increase through out the city. need to be taken into account. the City. Provide new facilities where there are deficits in provision and also provide well maintained, quality open spaces which are safe and attractive to all Nature Conservation Strategy (1997) http://www.Westminster.gov.UK/environment/landandpremises/conservation/index.cfm

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Strategy developed to ensure that valuable resource protected for the Policies need to safe guard and protect and enhance Sustainability appraisal must highlight any policies that would benefit of everyone in the city. important habitats and biodiversity have a detrimental impact on biodiversity measures Key aims are 1. Protect existing habitats and create new opportunities for wildlife. 2. Encourage wildlife through the sympathetic management of green

30 spaces. 3. Improve public access to and understanding of nature in the city. 4. Monitor progress. Emerging Supplementary Planning Guidance on Inclusive Access and Design, Westminster City Council (2006)

Requirement or objectives Requirements and objectives to be integrated into the Plan Implications for the SA Encourage provision of access for all as part of new development and Policies need to safeguard the environment with Need to balance safeguarding the environment with social refurbishment schemes considerations and providing inclusive access for all

31 Appendix 2: The Baseline Data for the City of Westminster

Sustainability issues Increasing pressure on the natural and built environment Detail of issue Supporting data and Source Quantified data Comparator, target, trend Comments and issues identified indicators Immense pressure Amount open space Open space 2.04 ha of publicly accessible open Lambeth 1.54 ha / 1000 Initially open space provision does look acceptable. But the increase in the daytime population to approx. upon open space relative to residents study, land space / 1000 resident pop. Southwark 3.58 ha / 1000 1 million people reduces this standard to .5 ha / 1000. Parks and gardens are popular and generally of a General lack of open use Common standard of 1.6 ha / 1000 pop Lewisham 1.6 ha / 1000 high quality of design. Housing estate open spaces were generally found to have a poorer quality of space in the consultants, Provision. residential areas in Total number of open july 05 Westminster has a total of 182 open K&C 1,871930m2 Total green space when compared to neighbouring boroughs would seem adequate. As pointed out the north-west and spaces – including green And spaces including 10 civic spaces, which Camden 5,319390m2 above this factor is somewhat diminished when the daily influx of commuters, tourists and visitors to the south of the borough space over 0.04 ha, hard Www.statist cover an area of 548 hectares, of which City 190440m2 borough are taken into account. Many spaces have a heritage value and there are 85 London squares in civic space and linear ics.gov.UK 489 hectares (89%) have public access the city (WCC draft open spaces strategy may 2006) open space and 59 hectares (85 in number) are private space, which equates to 4,853620m2 % pop living within WCC 1990 76% of all housing units in Westminster Again there is green space or open areas across the city for residents to access. Issue is the numbers of 1.2km (15minutes walk) land use are within 1.2km of a district park people and how the open space is intensively used. of a district park survey + respipe data Protect, enhance and No. Priority habitat types Westminste Local habitats identified for their intrinsic Changes to these habitats are monitored in the AMR. The Westminster BAP is being reviewed in 2007 increase biodiversity r bap 2000 value – parkland (438 ha), small parks and these type of priority habitats maybe re-defined. and monitored and garden squares (90 ha), vertical Increase in habitats in amr habitats (1543 ha), water's edge (3 ha) No. Sites of importance Open space 32 SINC’s covering 44 open spaces. Pressures will be exerted on these SINC’s as more and more people live, visit and work in Westminster. for nature conservation study, land 86% of all open space designated SINC This needs to be taken into account in all PPP’s (sinc’s) use 10 – met sinc 448.35 consultants, 6 – bor grade 1 5.44 july 05 13 – bor grade 2 10.72 15 – local SINC’s 25.30 Wild life deficiency – GLA, mar inner London boroughs When compared to other central London borough’s Westminster is slightly better than average. AOD (areas of 2006. area (ha) % bor. area (ha) % bor. deficiency as set out in W.minster 365 17.1 H and f 440 27 But as mentioned before the pressures placed on wild life are compounded by the sheer number of daily the mayors biodiversity Draft report. K and c 139 11.5 visitors that enter the city. strategy. City of Lon. 290 100 Camden 405 20.7 Lewisham 571 16.3 Southwark 698 24.3 Lambeth 859 32.1 Wandsworth 305 8.9 Bird population Http://www. Westminster London England sustainable- Woodland bird pop Increased by developme 12% (94-00) nt.gov.UK/r Farmland bird pop Decreased 12 % egional//ind (94 –98) then ex.htm increased 11% 94 level by 03. River quality Http://www. In 2004 % of river length good London England River quality when compared to the rest of the country is not very good in London as a whole. Specific sustainable- Biological quality (BOD) 27 70 data for city of Westminster not available. developme Chemical quality (cod) 32 62 nt.gov.UK/r egional//ind ex.htm No. Of developments Sustainabilit 4 seedum roof This is a new monitoring system, which specifically monitors the application of sustainable development incorporating biodiversity y analysis 1 sustainable urban drainage system in planning application received by WCC. It is new system which came into existence on the 1st April 2006 measures that achieve a system, net gain in biodiversity uniform, WCC 2006

32 No of developments Sustainabilit 0 This is a new monitoring system, which specifically monitors the application of sustainable development incorporating biodiversity y analysis in planning application received by WCC. It is new system which came into existence on the 1st april 2006 measures system, uniform, WCC 2006 Late night No of licensed premise WCC Over 2,900 premises licensed to serve Borough size (ha) no licensed Westminster covers the second smallest area of all local authorities surveyed, despite this it has by far Activities are major statement alcohol, 38 theatres and 370 night clubs premise/ ha the largest number of licensed premises. issue – noise, smells, of licensing & dance venues capable of holding Westminster 2148 1.28 With only a marginally lower population density than Kensington and Chelsea, Westminster has rubbish policy more than 179,000 people Camden 2180 .64 approximately 2/3's more licensed premises and our premises density is approximately 60% more than january K and c 1213 .8 Kensington and Chelsea. Leeds state that they are the 2nd biggest licensing authority in the country, Note - noise data is 2005 and despite having a premises density 30 times lower than that of Westminster, and a residential density of covered in a latter WCC 2006 Note - Havering in Romford represents ’s just 8% that of Westminster’s. section. telephone scrutiny authority, despite having just 620 This has obvious social and environmental implications. As well as economic benefits. This represents an survey of licensed premises in 11,227 hectares. interesting and challenging combination of factors and issues from a sustainability context. other licensing authorities No. Of complaints street Http://neigh % of very or fairly satisfied Not conclusive evidence and as a data source does not ascertain the problem of street cleansing and cleansing – bourhood.st Westminster 60 links to night-time economy. But the figure would suggest improvements are needed if compared to BVPI 2000/01 (survey atistics.gov. Islington 37 neighbouring boroughs. Not the worst and not the best. data) general UK K&C 71 satisfaction with local City 79 authority and street Camden 55 cleanliness Protected and No and type of cultural City Westminster has, Combine these attractions with the shopping and other attractions it is easy to understand why the city of enhanced the cultural facilities (including futures : city 38 theatres Westminster is so busy and has so many tourists and visitors. experience including theatres, cinemas, of 17 cinemas, with 60 screens architectural and museums etc) Westminste 18 casino’s archaeological r profile 3,000 + eating, drinking, night life heritage establishments. 430 hotels 40% ’ London s hotel stock Home national ballet and opera companies 19 museums and art galleries No. Of cultural events / WCC As an example, 18 special events Difficult to clarify the importance and how these events compared across the capital and the country as a year special planned between 14th june-28th august whole. The nature of the events are often a global significance from a media perspective events 2006 team No. Archaeological sites WCC GIS There are 5 areas of archaeological of interest web map interest in Westminster The high number of Number of Designated Designated Six are specifically related to There are 10 key strategic views for London focused upon St. Paul’s cathedral and the palace of listed buildings and protected views views in Westminster. Westminster. conservation areas. Westminste 1. St Paul’s from Parliament Hill r, WCC 2. Palace of Westminster from Designated views have an impact upon large parts of Westminster. This in turn will influence and shape dept. Of Primrose Hill spatial land use and building design. planning 3. The Palace of Westminster from They therefore are significant when considering the impact the resulting plan upon sustainability. and Parliament Hill environmen 4. St Paul’s cathedral from tal, 1994 Greenwich park 5. St Paul’s cathedral from Richmond park 6. St Paul’s cathedral from Westminster pier. No. Listed buildings WCC facts More than 1,100 grade I & grade II London has over 18,000 listed buildings Historic and listed buildings are an issue in Westminster because of the shear number and level of (city futures : city of & figures listed buildings within Westminster or historic areas, a fifth of these are in importance. This will have an impact upon many spatial land use issues and decisions. Westminster profile) publication Westminster Again demonstrates the importance or the buildings and historical fabric of Westminster’s urban 2002/3 landscape. This will impact spatial land use decisions and sustainability in Westminster.

33 No. And extent of Http://www. 54 conservation areas, covering 78% of 800 conservation areas in London Confirms the historic importance of the city of Westminster has. The huge area that is designated as conservation areas statistics.go Westminster by area. conservation areas do have a huge impact on the development that can take place across the city and in (city futures : city of v.UK/cci/nu Also has, some cases do hinder the advancement of some sustainable development issues. Westminster profile) gget.asp? 1 world heritage site id=385 6 royal parks  There are 3 listed buildings in the Westminster Cathedral Conservation Area; 1 Grade I, 1 Grade 19 historic squares and gardens. II* and 1 Grade II.

% listed sites and or Www.englis There are 40 buildings at risk in Surprisingly low number when the actual amount of listed buildings in the borough, especially when buildings at risk h- Westminster considering the pressure for land with in the city heritage.org .UK No. Scheduled ancient English The chapter house and PYC chamber 165 x scheduled monuments in total in The city contains some important scheduled monuments which need to be considered when forming monuments heritage in the abbey cloisters, Westminster greater spatial planning policies as they are not only significant locally but also nationally. county list abbey of The jewel tower scheduled Tudor wine cellar (king henry viii's) monuments : greater 1996 Air pollution, the No. Pop living within Http://www. 222,000 (whole borough declared as an Air pollution affects all the residents and daily commuters, visitors to the borough. The aqma for the whole borough is a declared WCC AQMA air.org.UK//r AQMA) of Westminster was declared in 1999 for no2 and pm10. In 2004 pm10 and nox are at levels that exceed

AQMA. No2 annual mean eports/airqu 110 at Marylebone rd Exceeds European standard European standards. It is therefore an issue that needs to be addressed in the sa 40gm-3 alityin2004. 46 Westminster 1 pdf No time hourly mean 529 at Marylebone rd Exceeds European standard which is concentrations of no2 standard is 18 per year above 200 gm-3 (105 ppb) Pm10 annual mean less 43 Marylebone road Exceeds European standard than 40 gm-3 25 Westminster 1 50 gm-3 not to be 99 Maryellen rd Exceeds European standard exceeded more than 35 3 Westminster 1 times a year No. Moderate or poor air Http://www. 2000 80 days at Marylebone rd. Clear indication that air quality is a major sustainability issue and needs to be addressed with in the LDF. quality days. air.org.UK// No data for Westminster 1 asp/advstat 2001 50 days at Marylebone rd. Note – measured again s.asp? 8 days at Westminster 1 govt. Headline indicators advstats=su 2002 51 days at Marylebone rd. for sustainable stain&ratida 13 days at Westminster 1 development h10. The te=&submit. 2003 97 days at Marylebone rd. figure is number of days x=36&subm 32 days at Westminster 1 which moderate air it.y=14 2004 48 days at Marylebone rd. pollution of worse was 15 days at Westminster 1 measured 2005 58 days at Marylebone rd. 8 days at Westminster 1

sustainability Noise and the impact upon human health and quality of life issue Detail of issue Supporting data, Source Quantified data Comparator, target, trend Comments and issues identified indicators

Ambient noise levels Level of background Westminst Westminster Ave. Laeq (db) Gr. London Eng & Wales Who state to prevent serious annoyance during the day outdoor living areas noise not exceed 55db laeq noise through out the er noise Time period Ph1 ph2 Ave. Laeq (db) Ave. Laeq (db) for a steady continuous noise. At night noise levels at the outside façade of living space should not day and night. survey 12 hr day (0700-1900) 64.1 59.0 58.0 57.1 exceed 45db laeq. (report 16 hr day (0700-2300) 63.8 59.7 57.5 56.5 no.211943f 18 hr day (0600-2400) 63.5 55.2 57.2 53.1 Note that the average hourly night time noise levels only drop below the who day time recommended ) bre, 11th 24 hr day (0000-2400) 62.6 51.2 56.2 55.1 values between 02:00-04:00. june 2003 4 hr eve (1900-2300) 62.1 58.7 55.1 56.2 8 hr night (2300-0700) 57.5 57.7 49.6 48.2 This data indicates that it noise is a major issue in Westminster.

34 Sources of noise. Ph1 no sites Ph2 no sites . Road traffic 100% 20 100% 18 This information gives a good indication that traffic noise is a major issue in Westminster, particularly if Building works 30% 6 39% 7 the vehicle noise source is also included. Construction activities also have a relatively significant impact. Vehicle noise – horns etc 25% 5 11% 2 Birds 20% 4 67% 12 What this information does not indicate is the impact upon residents from entertainment and licensed Aircraft 10% 2 22% 4 premises General domestic noise 10% 2 0% People in the street 5% 1 50% 9 Children 5% 1 28 % 5 Railways 5% 1 11% 2 Military 5% 1 0% Wind chimes 5% 1 0% Taxis 0% 11% 2 Dogs 0% 11% 2 Lawn mowers 0% 6% 1 Tennis 0% 6% 1 Water features 0% 6% 1 Refuse collection 0% 6% 1 Noise impact from Levels generated from WCC Noise service requests (NSRS) to the A study of 17 London boroughs has This information demonstrates the scale of the effects of noise upon residents. It possible to see a licensed and commercial premises summary council’s environmental health service shown that in 1999/2000 the number of correlation between noise issues and the night-time economy. commercial activities and activities of topic have increased considerably, from over NSRS in Westminster was more than proof of 6,000 in 1990/91 to over 15,000 in three times higher than the average and evidence: 2001/02 45% higher than the figure for the next noise highest borough No noise complaints WCC udp In 1999/2000 Westminster received the This compares to Further evidence to support the fact that noise is an issue that is very much a problem in Westminster. received entertainm greatest number of noise service Southwark (12,652) ents topics requests (18,316) hackney (10,566) proof of evidence e: part two

Sustainability Waste and recycling issues Detail of issue Supporting data and Source Quantified data Comparator, target, trend Comments and issues identified indicators Recycling rates need Waste totals WCC Westminster tonnes It is the municipal waste that seems to be the headline waste figures. Construction waste seems to b e to improve as Waste Construc and demo. over looked and is quite clearly a major issue. population increases analysis Ind. Commerce 128,000 Street cleansing project Municipal 56,000 Note - approximately 2,000 tonnes of disposable nappies in Westminster each year in 2001. Scary fact important Household waste – detailing Westminster London England 19 million tonnes produced by London in 2002 –2003 - 10%of England total average kg / person in findings of 451 kg 510 kg 2003-04 waste audit (decrease by (increase by 6% 2001 3% since 1998- since 1998-9) 9) Waste disposal Westminster % London % England % Waste that goes to landfill is low when compared to regional and national figures. This is because much Landfill 36 43 of the city of Westminster waste goes for incineration. Please see BVPI 82c below. Recycled 18 53 43 BV 82a household waste Http://www. Westminster 15.2 Average by Average Recycled waste is material separated from municipal waste to be processed into marketable products. % recycled BVpi.gov.U City of London 14.3 authority type WCC is average when compared to other BV figures but there are grounds to make huge improvements. K/pages/ke Camden 21.2 13.7 15.2 yfacts_BVp K and c 17.7 BV 82b household waste i.asp? Westminster 0.1 Average by Average Composted organic waste again needs to be improved. A very long way behind the average BV figures - percentage composted lastpage=1 City of London 0.0 authority type &aid=15 Camden 4.0 3.7 6.5 K and c 0.4 BV 82c household waste Westminster 64.9 Average by Average This BV in general terms a high proportion of municipal waste from Westminster is incinerated. Much - percentage of heat, City of London 0.0 authority type higher than the average but not comparable with neighbouring boroughs. power and other energy Camden n/a 22.5 11.8 recovered K and c n/a BV 82d household waste Westminster 19.8 Average by Average A fifth of municipal waste goes to landfill, which is something, that needs to be reduced as there is rapidly - percentage landfilled City of London 85.7 authority type no land fill sites left. Camden 0.0 24.4 20.3 K and c 0.0

35 BV 84 kg of household Westminster 363 Average by Average Below average but is an indicator and total waste collected by population of collection area. waste collected per head City of London 413.3 authority type Camden 396.7 440.9 444.5 K and c 340.8 BV91 % of pop. Served Westminster 71 Average by Average To assist in increasing recycling rates this figure needs to be increased substantially and Westminster is by kerbside collection or City of London 90 authority type below average and below neighbouring boroughs. within 1km of recycling Camden 95 88.9 91.1 centre K and c 100 BV199 local street and Westminster 8.3 Average by Average This assesses the cleanliness of the public realm and when compared to neighbouring boroughs figures environmental City of London 3.0 authority type are not very good and when compared to average for authority type not good at all. cleanliness Camden 20.0 24.6 18.2 Is an issue when considered with the amount of visitors the city has and the importance it is as a tourist K and c 10.4 destination. No waste handling Zero There is not any waste handling facility with the city. Primarily due to the immense pressure upon land. facility in Westminster Meaning that all of Westminster’s waste has to be handled outside of the borough.

Sustainability Road transport and congestion are an issue the provision for pedestrians and cycling needs to be increased. issues Detail of issue Supporting data and Source Quantified data Comparator, target, trend Comments and issues identified indicators Pedestrianisation is Daily influx of commuters City futures C of w has a daily influx of people that an issue due to and tourists : city of takes the borough’s daily population to numbers of people Westminst over 1 million (approx.) entering Westminster er profile daily. Model split by % of Http://www. Westminster % London % England % in England as a whole the private car is the main mode of transport for getting to work. In Westminster it people travelling to work statistics.g Work at home 11.07 8.61 9.16 is the tube and walking. But despite the level of public transport access still 13.2 % of residents drive to ov.UK/dow Tube, light rail, tram 31.76 18.84 3.16 work. In Westminster increased reliance upon pt with no access to car. Rest of the country it’s more likely nloads/cen Train 3.64 12.18 4.23 to be a pt user and have a car. Although this could be down to other influences – parking facilities etc. sus2001/ks Minibus/coach 12.37 11.12 7.51 _la_e&w_p Motor two wheel 1.26 1.42 1.11 art2.pdf Car / van (drive) 13.20 33.5 54.92 Car / van (passenger) 1.23 2.51 6.11 Taxi / mini cab 1.62 .065 0.52 Bicycle 2.79 2.33 2.83 Walk 20.08 8.42 9.99 Other .97 0.42 0.46

Further support for % of pt users in 44.77 64.48 69.00 Figure suggests lower car ownership that the regional and national average alternative modes of household with a car transport, specifically % of pt users in 53.81 35.11 30.45 Figure suggests lower car ownership that the regional and national average cycling and walking, household without a car including green travel Access to public Westminster has PTAL assessment for Westminster shows areas which do not have access to good public transport are in plans transport 4 mainline stations the middle of Hyde and regents park. The majority of the borough has an excellent rating, level Direct mainline rail links to Heathrow and 6b(40.01+). The north west and south of the borough has slightly less public transport access which does Gatwick correlate with the more deprived areas with in the borough. 10 out 12 underground lines (32 stations) 79 bus routes Victoria coach station (main coach interchange for ) Parking WCC lip, 800,000 penalty charge notices issued. Issues more penalty charge notices The whole of Westminster is in the controlled parking zone scheme, which equates to 14,740 parking parking 13,000 removed (PCN) than any other borough in bays in Westminster. 34% of these are for residents, 29% of metered, and 18% are pay and display enforceme 47,400 clamped greater nt 3,200 pay and display chapter,ma 3,400 electronic parking metres r.05 2,900 shared use space 32,000 residents parking spaces 36,000 resident parking permits issued Private car ownership NSO Westminster Ranking in Ranking in e & w Westminster has a very high level of private road vehicle ownership. Particularly in comparison with the per household region rest of London and E&W Without car or van 51,452 4 4 With 1 car or van 32,108 32 374 With 2 or more 7,612 28 371

36 Volume of traffic on Cc traffic Average vehicle flow per hour Key findings are roads levels in 2004 7211 Level of congestion down 30% since Westminst 2003 7256 CC started er: note to transport and 0.6% drop. infrastructu re overview and scrutiny committee, dec 04 Level of congestion and Cc central before after % before after % Congestion around the CZZ has decreased with Westminster having an average % change when traffic change on local – impact WCC 68,602 65,291 - 5 S.wark 29,358 29,752 1 compared to other London boroughs that surround the CZZ. roads surrounding CZZ monitoring, K and C 107,091 107,56 10 2nd annual Lbth 27,033 24,027 -11 report – Camden 56,100 48,870 -13 april 04

Pedestrian figures Leicester sq. 250,000 moments / day The borough has intense pedestrian activity. Managing this number of people is a major challenge. Particularly with all the other land use pressures experienced in the borough. Cycle routes (map) WCC safer Westminster in 2004 London in 2003 –KSI 5,164 (NSO) Over all trend for KSI figures are that they have progressively dropped since 1990. Road accidents - killed streets, bsp Pedestrian 119 note – 10% were children. or seriously injured 2006/07 Pedal cyclists 31 KSI totals for surrounding boroughs Note national target is to reduce KSI’s on GB roads by 40% by 2010 compared with 94-98 averages. In (KSI). Motor cyclists 57 for 2004 Westminster this means a reduction from 302 to 181 between 2000 and 2010 Children 14 Brent 155 Other 60 Camden 148 When compared to neighbouring borough the situation is not good. But it needs to be noted the amount Total 281 City 44 of daily “visitors” Westminster has which swells the population by over a million. K&C 105 Lambeth 167 Wandsworth 150 Modal split for travelling WCC Westminster % London % England WCC has good public transport links, which are reflected in the high proportion trips to school being made to school school Walk or cycle 34 41 49 on these modal transport groups. travel Car 24 36 38 Not a direct comparable survey Public transport 42 24 13 Cycling is an issue and advised by the safe routes to school (SRS) officer this is manly down to lack of of data between 2006 Primary schools storage space. As well as possible safety issues. Advised walking figures are relatively good and are help Westminster, and Car + car share 27 by the small catchment areas Westminster schools have. England. The and And School bus 6 England figures are from Train 2 Noting that the community plan states that by 2009 all schools will have a sustainable travel plan 2003-04 Http://www. Bus 8 sustainable Cycle 1 - Walk 55 developme Secondary school nt.gov.UK/r Car + car share 21 egional//56. School bus 8 htm Train 26 Bus 33 Cycle 0 Walk 12 Number of green travel No data available plans in operation

Sustainability Climate change, climate change adaptation and air quality issues Detail of issue Supporting data and Source Quantified data Comparator, target, trend Comments and issues identified indicators

37 Green house gas Greenhouse as Http://www. Westminster % of London total London UK The proportion of carbon emissions from commercial activity is very high. C of w accounts for 11.8% of emissions and emissions defra.gov.U this sectors total. contribution to this K/environm Ind. + com. 2562 11.8 21737 262,087 C of w emits 6.8 of the total carbon emissions for the whole of London, which is approx. 0.6% of the whole global issue ent/statistic Domestic 527 2.8 18935 163,737 of the UK’s total. s/globatmo Road trans 363 3.6 10147 128,606 The main contributing factor would be the amount of electricity consumed within the borough by s/regionalr Land use change 0 0 22 13,676 commercial activities (12.6% of total emissions from electricity used in commercial activities for the whole pt/laregion Total 3451 6.8 50842 568,105 of London). alco2rpt20 C of w is also responsible for 11.4 of total carbon emissions from gas used in commercial activity for the 051021.xls whole of London. Carbon emissions / Westminster London UK The C & W figure is far higher than the figure for London. The main reason is the high proportion of capita 15.5 6.9 Not available commercial activity. Domestic carbon Westminster London UK Better then the London and national figures. emissions / capita 2.4 2.6 2.8 Domestic energy use Http://www. UK 1991 2001 /household statistics.g Heating 1,190 1,210 ov.UK/statb Water 460 450 ase/expoda Cooking 70 50 ta/spreads Lighting 240 250 heets/d728 Total 1,950 1,960 7.xls Change in weather Weather pattern data – Http://www. For region is 690mm / yr For country is 897mm The Thames region accounts for 10% of land in the UK and nearly a quarter of the population with a below patterns rainfall temperature. environme average annual rainfall. Water is a major issue in the SE, London and therefore Westminster. nt- agency.gov .UK/region s/Thames/ 322805/? lang=_e Predicted future climate Climate Future climate in London is predicted Reducing the impact upon climate change and adapting to the predicted changes are vital and need to be characterises for change and to be, addressed. transport Warmer, wetter winters system, More intense downpours of rain No specific figures for Westminster found summary Hotter drier summers, with more report , frequent and extreme high temp. Sept.05 Increase in flood risk Flood zone Http://maps The southern part of C of W is within the Flooding is deemed low risk but is something that needs to be taken into account, particularly as the true .environme EA’a designated flood zone. At present it impact of climate change is not yet fully known. nt- has a low risk assessment (the chance of agency.gov flooding each year is 0.5% (1 in 200) or .UK/wiyby/ less) due to the defences that are in place. mapcontroll er Number of new WCC 298 proposed housing units + 855 units Land is a premium and area that would constitute as part of the Thames flood plan have been built on developments in flood residential under construction in the Thames floodplain already. zone pipeline data 2005 No. Of properties in high WCC 1990 21,000 housing units in the Thames risk flood areas land use floodplain = 17% of all housing units in survey Westminster

Flash flooding and No. Pollution events in Http://www. Thames region UK Difficult from this data to fully ascertain the issues from c of w perspective. But the nature of the intensely drainage issues. the Thames. environme Combined sewer overflow 6 Combined sewer overflow 35 developed urban environment is conducive to cumulatively impacting on these types of water pollution (categories 1 and 2) nt- Foul sewer 5 Foul sewer 42 incidents agency.gov Other water industry 1 Other water industry 2 Note no data for .UK/comm Pumping station 4 Pumping station 20 Westminster. ondata/103 Rising main 1 Rising main 6 601/poll_in Sewage treatment works 9 Sewage treatment works 28 cs_2004_1 Storm tank 3 Storm tank 3 128753.xls Surface water outfall 2 Surface water outfall 6 Water distribution system 1 Water distribution system 2

38 Sustainability Sustainable building policies need to be embraced in a greater fashion. issues Detail of issue Supporting data and Source Quantified data Comparator, target, trend Comments and issues identified indicators Need to increase Amount of renewable Http://www. No apparent data for Westminster. UK renewable electric gen. In GWH UK trend is for more electricity being generated from renewable methods. energy efficiency energy generated in dti.gov.UK/ 2004 2000 measures Westminster energy/info Wind onshore 1,736 945 rm/energy_ Wind offshore 199 1 stats/renew Solar PV 4 1 ables/dUKe Hydro small scale 282 214 s05_7_4.xl Hydro large scale 4,648 4,871 s Biofuels 7,302 3,882 Total gen. 14,171 9,914 Total fuel used in Http://www. No apparent figures for c of w In million tonnes of oil equivalent for heavy reliance on fossil fuels which contribute to global warming. electricity generation dti.gov.UK/ UK energy/info 2004 2005 Although no figures for the city of Westminster is still a major issue that needs to be addressed. rm/energy_ Coal 31.34 32.66 trends/mar Oil 1.14 1.49 _06.pdf Gas 29.13 27.47 Nuclear 18.16 18.53 Hydro 0.42 0.41 Other renews. 3.00 3.51 Other fuels 1.55 2.02 Imports 0.65 0.72 Total 85.39 86.82 Total electricity supplied Http://www. No apparent figures for c of w Total electricity supplied twh Again heavy reliance on fossil fuels. dti.gov.UK/ 2004 2005 energy/infor Coal 125.90 130.26 Although no figures for the City of Westminster is still a major issue that needs to be addressed. m/energy_t Oil 4.34 4.99 rends/mar_ Gas 152.80 145.87 06.pdf Nuclear 73.68 75.17 Hydro 3.98 3.75 Renewables 9.26 11.52 Other fuels 4.99 5.94 Imports 7.49 8.32 Total 382.45 385.82 BV 63 energy efficiency Http://www. Westminster 82.0 Avg. By Average As an index of the annual cost of heating a dwelling and is a measure of the overall energy efficiency of - average sap rating of BVpi.gov.U City of 68.0 authority type the dwelling. C of w is above average and doing better than the neighbouring boroughs. authority dwellings K/pages/ke Camden 66.0 64.6 63.6 1 being highly in efficient yfacts_BVp K and c 66.0 and 100 being highly i.asp? efficient. lastpage=1 &aid=15 No of developments Not available Is possible that this information will be collated as new indicators are added to the annual monitoring incorporating water report. efficiency measures Domestic water Http://www. For the Thames region the average water UK this figure was in 2000 – 01 was Increase in water consumption with a greater amount used in the Thames (therefore c of w) region that consumption / capita sustainable consumption in litres/ person /day in 2000 – 140.5 litres per person per day by the country as a whole. This is important when the steady increase in people living in the region and the - 01 was 163 by 2004 – 05 reduced slightly 2004 – 04 this was 143 predicted growth as set out in the London plan. developme to 161 litres/day litres/person/day nt.gov.UK/r egional/su mmaries/1 6.htm Application of No of developments Sustainabili 1 scheme Not aware of direct comparisons This is a new monitoring system, which specifically monitors the application of sustainable development sustainable urban incorporating SUD’s ty analysis in planning application received by c of w. It is new system, which came into existence on the 1st April drainage (SUD’s) system, 2006. It is an issue that needs to be addressed, as climate change adaptation is required to deal with uniform, changing impacts on the local environment. Sustainability issues in No. New development WCC 2006 2 schemes – baker street (23 units) and gill Not aware of direct comparisons As above. It does demonstrate that the use of assessment process is being applied and can contribute to historic and listed achieving ecohomes/ St. / Wilton rd. (111 units) improving the over all sustainable performance of new homes in the city. BREEAM ratings

39 buildings as well as No. Of listed buildings Zero recorded Not aware of direct comparisons Again, apart of the new monitoring system and demonstrates that there is a need to apply sustainability new developments and refurbishment’s that measure to listed and refurbished buildings. Although it is vital to incorporate sustainable best practise in incorporating to new builds in the city it is equally as important to incorporated sustainable development into the sustainability policies refurbishment of existing buildings both, listed and non listed., Particularly considering the fast that 70% of the city is in conservation areas.

Sustainability Supply of appropriate housing issues Detail of issue Supporting data and Source Quantified data Comparator, target, trend Comments and issues identified indicators Homelessness is a No. Of homeless and in Http://www. Westminster % London England Amount of homeless in Westminster is pretty consistent over the last 4 years. Although the number in major issue priority need odpm.gov. 2004-05 1,112 4.16 26,730 120,860 London has dropped. Mean i high proportion are now in Westminster. Where as trend is falling in c of w is % of London total UK/pub/31 static. 2/table627 2003-04 1,117 3.54 31,530 137,000 excel447kb _id115631 2002-03 1,132 3.61 31,320 129,700 2.xls Hostel capacity WCC gis There are 42 hostels in Westminster, web map comprising a total of 1,351 units BV 202 number of Http://www. Westminster 133 Average by authority Average Clearly rough sleepers are major issues for c of w, particularly when comparing the figures for people sleeping rough BVpi.gov.U City of 12 type Westminster with neighbouring boroughs. The affluence, night life and transport termini all contribute to on a single night K/pages/ke Camden 16 8.6 3.6 attracting rough sleepers to the city. yfacts_BVp K and c 12 i.asp? lastpage=1 &aid=15 Supply of affordable No. Affordable homes WCC annual A total of 2,264 affordable units were and intermediary home monitoring completed in Westminster between report 2005- January 1997 – march 2006 6

Total number of housing City futures Westminster London 2003 stock : city of Total residential stock 115,600 3,120,000 Westminst Owner occupied 43% er profile Private rented 33% And Social housing 28% Http://www. sustainable - developme nt.gov.UK/r egional//36. htm Property prices Property Average property prices march 2006: Average property prices march 2006: Average property prices march 2006: prices 1st Detached £935,319 Detached £512,869 Detached £250,932 quarter Semi-detached £960,641 Semi-detached £298,278 Semi-detached £155,984 2006, hm Terraced £917,134 Terraced £265,940 Terraced £128,491 land Flat/maisonette £409,906 Flat/maisonette £260,998 Flat/maisonette £154,368 registry © Overall average £805,750 Overall average £334,521 Overall average £172,443 No unfit for use or empty crown 3,836 vacant and 5,729 (5%) classed as 5.8% London average , 4.8% average for Figures for c of w, regional and national are all fairly similar. Although its is surprising there are as many properties copyright unfit England surplus or unfit properties in the city if the land and housing pressures are taken into account. 2006

40 Housing building figures Http://www. Westminster 2004 -05 London England Throughout the county and London number of houses completed has steadily increased. In Westminster (completed units) 2004 - odpm.gov. Private 407 17,732 137,730 this trend is very much the opposite. Except for social housing which has increased. 05 UK/pub/66/ Social 96 6,134 16,627 table253ex Local authority 0 0 100 cel860kb_i Total 503 23,866 154,457 d1156066. 2003 – 04 xls Private 786 15,088 129,544 Social 22 4316 13,641 Local authority 0 12 182 Total 808 19416 143,367 2002-03 Private 490 11,435 124,290 Social 352 4258 13,330 Local authority 0 71 271 Total 842 15,764 137,891 Over crowding and Dwelling density / Http://www. Average density 1995-98 98 London England The number of dwellings in London is increasing on the same land size. This increases the pressure lack of family units hectare sustainable Average density 1999-02 116 1994 44 1994 upon local services and infrastructure. - Average density 2003-04 144 2004 73 2004 39 developme Average density permissions 2004-05 2004/05 125 nt.gov.UK/r 202 2005/06 102 egional//ind Average density permissions 2005-06 ex.htm gla 250 ldd 2005/6 Overcrowding indicator Nso 3 out of 376 la and 3 out of 33 in a Overcrowding and the density of people in c of w is a major issue being the third most crowded la area in regional context the country Owner –occupier Ons Approximately 3rd of households in London total ownership = 1,704,719 of neighbourh Westminster are owner occupied (31,831 3,015,997 ood owned of a total of 91,172 households) statistics Housing type Ons 87% of household spaces (89,434) are In London 68% = unshared flats, census unshared flats, maisonettes or maisonettes or apartments, 51% = 2001 apartments. 11% are unshared houses unshared houses or bungalows or bungalows (11,163) No. Of households on la Http://www. Westminster London England Figures for Westminster are better than the rest of London and similar to England as a whole. These housing waiting list in odpm.gov. 6,565 309,072 1,546,954 figures have been steadily increasing over the last 8 years. 2005 UK/pub/85 % of all households 6.1 9.6 7.4 3/table600 Please note that the community plan sets target that housing advice has helped 690 homeless excel126kb households to resolve their situation y 2009 _id116385 3.xls No of council properties Http://www. Westminster This figure has consistently decreased over the last 11 years. (2005) odpm.gov. 12,407 UK/pub/22/ table116ex cel127kb_i d1156022. xls

Sustainability Major challenge is the creation of cohesive and inclusive communities, which are sustainable issues Detail of issue Supporting data and Source Quantified data Comparator, target, trend Comments and issues identified indicators Need to supply Population data size and WCC Westminster London England C of W has seen a steady increase between the census’s, which is a similar rate to the national increase. appropriate level of growth census 1991 174,842 6,679,332 47,055,205 London as a whole seen a greater increase social and community information 2001 181,286 7,172,091 49,138,831 facilities if sustainable % change 3.69 7.38 4.43 communities are to be Density – person / ha Westminster London England Is the 9th most densely populated local authority in the UK created and 2001 84.4 45.62 3.77 maintained Gender make up of Westminster London England residents Male 49.0 48.4 48.7 Female 51.0 51.6 51.3

41 Age make up Westminster London England Adult pop is higher than average with the children and elderly proportion being lower. All 181,286 7,172,091 49,138,831 % children 0 –17 15.1 22.6 22.7 % adults 18 – 64 72.6 65.0 61.5 % elderly 65+ 12.4 12.4 15.9 Mean age 37.28 35.95 38.6 Median age 34 34 37 Ethnicity - % of residents Census Westminster London Eng. & Wales Ethnicity is diverse in Westminster and is not only reflected in these statistics but also by the fact that in each group 2001, office % white 73.2 71.2 91.3 there are 120 languages (city futures, city of Westminster profile) spoken by residents in the city. It is vital for national % white; British 48.5 59.8 87.5 then to have an inclusive society, which can maximise the potential of all residents. statistics % white; Irish 3.6 3.1 1.2 (ons) % white; other white 21.1 8.3 2.6 Community plan sets targets to be met by 2009 which are, % mixed 4.1 3.2 1.3  At least 75% of residents agree that their local area is a place where people from different % mixed; white and black carib. 0.8 1.0 0.5 backgrounds get on well together % mixed; white and black African 0.7 0.5 0.2  An active faith exchange and community network are in place and active membership has % mixed; white and Asian 1.3 0.8 0.4 increased % mixed; other mixed 1.4 0.9 0.3 % Asian or Asian British 8.9 12.1 4.4  All our Westminster ethnic minority needs audit (WEMNA) pledges have been achieved % Asian or Asian British; Indian 3.1 6.1 2.0 % Asian or Asian British; Pakistani 1.0 2.0 1.4 % Asian or Asian British; Bangladeshi 2.8 2.2 0.5 % Asian or Asian British; other Asian 2.0 1.9 0.5 % black or black British 7.4 10.9 2.2 % black or black British; Caribbean 3.1 4.8 1.1 % black or black British; African 3.7 5.3 0.9 % black or black British; other black 0.7 0.8 0.2 % Chinese or other ethnic group 6.4 2.7 0.9 % Chinese or other ethnic group; Chinese 2.3 1.1 0.4 % Chinese or other ethnic group; other ethnic group 4.1 1.6 0.4 Religion - % of resident Census Westminster London Eng. & Wales Christian biggest group followed by no religion followed by islam. in each group 2001, office % christian 55.1 58.2 71.8 for national % buddhist 1.3 0.8 0.3 Over view is that Westminster is a divers religious community statistics % hindu 1.9 4.1 1.1 (ons) % jewish 4.3 2.1 0.5 % muslim 11.8 8.5 3.0 % sikh 0.2 1.5 0.6 % other religions 0.5 0.5 0.3 % no religion 16.2 15.8 14.8 % religion not stated 8.8 8.7 7.7 Socio-economic WCC Westminster London England By comparison Westminster has a higher than average senior management/ professional occupation. classification in % census All 146,477 5,300,332 35,532,091 Although it does have a slightly less than average small employers and lower supervisory employment information %large employers and higher 6.97 4.41 3.50 types. managerial occupations %higher professional This emphasises the diverse nature of the Westminster’s residents. occupations 11.68 7.67 5.11 %lower managerial and professional occupations 24.23 22.23 18.73

%intermediate occupations 7.16 10.24 9.48 %small employers and own 5.99 6.40 6.98 account workers %lower supervisory and 3.34 4.99 7.11 technical occupations Neighbourhood renewal The Under this programme WCC has set up These areas are significantly disadvantaged and the programme aims to reduce worklessness and crime, programme Westminst local area renewal partnerships in improved health and well being, education, housing and improve the environment. Narrowing the gaps in er city plan 1. Church street quality of life between the most deprived neighbourhoods and the rest of the country. 2006-16 2. Queens park 3. Harrow road 4. Westbourne 5. South Westminster 6. West end No. Of doctors / 1000 No apparent data found. Target set in community plan that by 2009 no one waits more than 18 weeks from GP referral to hospital treatment.

42 Hospitals facilities Http://www. 25 hospitals are listed to be accessible if The number of hospitals with in c of w is not surprisingly high as the city includes Palace of Westminster, nhs.UK/En taking city hall as the search postcode. which is a renowned centre for private health care and services. Whether these facilities impact upon the gland/auth general population as a whole is not clear. Therefore this figure could be some what miss leading. oritiestrusts /generic/hs earch.aspx ? rtype=near est&pc=sw 1e6qp BVPI 2000/01 (survey Http://neigh % of very or fairly satisfied London Eng. & Wales This would suggest that increase opportunity for participation is an issue when compared to neighbouring data) tenants satisfaction bourhood.s Westminster 46 Not available Not available boroughs in London with opportunities for tatistics.go K&C 48 participation v.UK City 64 Camden 56 Mixed use pattern of Amount of mixed use No apparent recording of this data The collection of this information will be of use in guiding future development that incorporates mixed land use creates development uses and establishing what works best and where problems have materialised so they can be removed in conflicting issues Make-up of mixed use by No apparent recording of this data the future type Reduce depravation Proportion of pop living Gol 2006 2004: Westminster is ranked 39 out of 354 Over half of London boroughs (18 out Westminster does have some of the wealthiest and economically affluent parts of London and the country in deprived areas local authorities in England in terms of of 33) are in the top 30% most but it does also have pockets of extreme deprivation. average deprivation (where 1 is most deprived in England on the average deprived), from 136 rank in 2000. deprivation score measure, and most London boroughs appear to have got worse (relative to other local authorities). Indices of deprivation: Http://neigh 39th out of 354 la’s local authority bourhood.s summaries, rank of tatistics.go average score v.UK/disse Crime and fear of Notifiable offences mination/ar Violent against a person 9558 crime recorded by the police - eaprofile2. Robbery 1437 2003 - 04 do?tab=8 Burglary in a dwelling 1782 Theft of a motor vehicle 1394 Theft from a motor vehicle 4333 Fear of crime 2004 –05 London England Community plan sets targets for crime which are, Very worried about burglary 18 %  There is a 20% reduction in crime (measured against 10 key crimes) High level of worry about car crime 20 % High level of worry about violent crime 26 %  At least 70% of residents say they feel safe walking outside in their area after dark  There is an increase in the number of residents who say they feel that the amount of anti social behaviour has got better over the last 12 months. Health and well-being Life expectancy at birth Nso Westminster London Eng. & Wales Life expectancy in Westminster is above the London average as well as the average for England and of all the community (years) 2001-03 Life Male 77.6 76.0 76.1 Wales for both men and women. and community expectancy Female 82.7 80.8 80.7 cohesion and inclusion at birth in yrs. 01 -03 Standardised mortality National No local data found London Eng. and Wales: ratios statistics Males = 98 Males = 99 standardise Females = 98 Females = 100 d mortality ratios 2003 Death from cancer / Http://www. No local data found London England 100,000 2001-03 sustainable 123 124 - Deaths from circulatory developme No local data found London England disease / 100,000 2001- nt.gov.UK/r 109 103 03 egional//51. Suicide rate / 100,000 htm London England 2001-03 8.4 9 Childhood obesity 2-10 London England yr. Olds 2001-02 18% 15.5 Standardised %of pop 72% as good (2001 census) London has the 2nd highest prevalence of childhood obesity amongst the regions. Community plan set a reporting good health target of all schools are part of the healthier schools programme by 2009

43 Standardised % pop Ons 15% reported limiting long-term illness in 16% for inner London, and 15% for Figure for C of W on a par with regional and national trends. reporting limited long census 2001 overall London term illness 2001 General health “not Nso 15,539 Ranking in region Ranking in e & w good” 12 out of 33 192 out of 376 Working days lost Hse 2006 No data available An estimated 2.3 million people suffer through illness example - from ill-health caused by work each self- year. Some 32.9 million working days reported are lost annually from people taking work- time off because of their illnesses .An related estimated 29.8 million working days illness in were lost in 2003/04 through illness 2003/2004: caused or made worse by work. On results average, each person suffering took from the an estimated 22.2 days off in that 12 labour month period. This equates to an force annual loss of 1.3 days per worker survey – which was similar to the rate of 1.4 published days (CI: 1.3 to 1.5 days) in 2001/02 by hse NHS hospital waiting Chelsea Chelsea and Westminster: England: This is more a snap shot and does not give a compete picture of the waiting list situation in c of w. But is lists and Total number of patients waiting for Total number of patients waiting for does give some information and suggests that the hospital waiting lists in c of w are better than the Westminst admissions = 1,329 admissions = 821,686 national average. But this information is by no means conclusive. er Patients waiting less than 1 month = 351 Patients waiting less than 1 month = healthcare 1 to < 2 months = 285 233,542 nhs trust – 2 to < 3 months = 245 1 to < 2 months = 189,940 ordinary 3 t0 < 4 months = 187 2 to < 3 months = 135,691 admissions 4 to < 5 months = 150 3 t0 < 4 months = 90,419 : quarter 4 5 to < 6 months = 96 4 to < 5 months = 79,983 2004/2005 6 to < 7 months = 8 5 to < 6 months = 50,731 7 to < 8 months = 3 6 to < 7 months = 22,089 8 to < 9 months = 4 7 to < 8 months = 12,493 8 to < 9 months = 6,455 9 to < 10 months = 128 10 to < 11 months = 100 11 to < 12 months = 77 12 months + = 38 Level of health Joint No data available 2005 – Glasgow As a indicator K&C is a neighbouring borough that has some similarities to C of W therefore this inequalities university had the worst life information could be seen as a guide or trend indicator. of Sheffield expectancy, 72.9 and years, compared university to Kensington and of bristol Chelsea in on research 82.4 2005

Sustainability issue Maintain economic diversity and increase local opportunity Detail of issue Supporting data and Source Quantified data Comparator, target, trend Comments and issues identified indicators Careful is not a victim of Number of offices and WCC 16,207 offices its own success, very retail premises economic 8,526 retail premises successful economic developme activity covering a wide nt number of areas. Needs strategy , mar.05

44 to include all age groups Amount of commercial Http://neigh Westminster 000 m2 London Eng. & Wales Westminster clearly has a high number of commercial floor space. in facility provision floor space – commercial bourhood.s All 7966 72456 590572 Approx. 20% of the London office space located in the city and 13% of London retail space also in the and rateable value stats. tatistics.go Retail 2100 15901 103095 city. When the figures for Westminster are compared to those for England and Wales it is evident how 2005 v.UK/disse Office 5656 28525 97875 important a commercial location Westminster is not only within London but the country as a whole. For mination/vi Factories 23 10670 220392 example approx. 5.7% of office space for England and Wales is in Westminster. ewfulldatas Warehouse 113 15756 149007 et.do? City instancesel All 5327 ection=017 Retail 242 093&produ Office 5060 ctid=934&$ Factories 0 ph=60_61& Warehouse 19 datasetins Camden All 3301 Retail 625 Office 2185 Factories 184 Warehouse 113 Other No of business WCC 47,000 business based in c of w creating a These figures demonstrate the importance that c of w has on the local, regional and national economy. economic GDP of £16 billion developme nt strategy , mar.05 No. Business failures Nos – 5,275 or 13.6% of stock London GB More business failing than starting up. With high % than for London and much high % for GB. (vat deregistrations) nomis, 12.6 9.9 No. Vat reg business annual bus. 4,930 or 12.7% of stock London GB New business is similar to London figure and more than for GB as a whole Enquiry 12.4 10.1 Community plan set a target that by 2009 there is an increase in the number of new businesses employee created or attracted to the city analysis, 2004 Job density – ration of Nso. Westminster London GB The supply of jobs far out strips the supply of residents and is far greater than the regional and national total jobs to working age Annual 3.6 (597,000 jobs) 0.9 0.8 figures. pop. pop. Westminster provides 14.1% of all employment in London (economic development strategy, mar.05) Survey 2004-05 Business improvement Http://www. Three successful bid’s in the borough. BID is where businesses agree through formal ballot to levy on top of business rates to generate districts atcm.org/lin 1. Heart of income that is used to improve their area. ks/category 2. New west end company .php? 3. Paddington category=b usiness+im provement +districts Education and job Total number of jobs Nos – Westminster London GB Westminster has proportionally more full-time jobs than rest of London and the country as a whole. creation and distribution nomis, Total jobs 550,024 - - - of wealth to local annual bus. Full-time 417,611 75.9 73.7 68 communities Enquiry Part-time 132,412 24.1 26.3 32 employee Employment data – by analysis, Westminster number % London GB Westminster more dependant on the service sector than the rest of London or GB. In particular finance, sector 2004 Manufacture 16,010 2.9 5.5 11.9 it and business activities and tourism. Manufacturing is much lower than for GB. As is construction. The Construction 4,356 0.8 3.0 4.5 patterns are similar when compared to the rest of London. Serices 527,544 95.9 91.2 82.1 Dist. Hot, rest 140,920 25.6 22.3 24.7 Trans, comm 26,336 4.8 7.7 5.9 Finance, it , 198,023 36.0 31.6 20.0 Public 99,388 18.1 22.7 26.4 Other 62,877 11.4 7 5.1 Tourism 75,861 13.8 8.5 8.2 Residents of working Nso. Westminster London GB Higher than average than for London and the country. age Annual 170,500 or 74.1% 66.7% 62%

45 % unemployed pop. Westminster London GB Higher than national average and average for London Survey 7,300 or 7.7 % 7.0 4.8 2004-05 Nso. Annual pop. Survey 2004-05 Average earnings – Nso – Westminster London GB Huge disparity between average income male and female residents. Greater than for rest of London gross weekly pay nomis, Full time average 606.3 527 433.1 and the country. annual Male 811 574.8 474.9 Average pay is higher than for the rest of and the country as a whole survey of Female 518 482.9 372.3 hr. – resident analysis, 2005 Unemployment figures Nso 4.4% of economically active people (16 – 74 The employment rate for people of working age was 74.6 per cent for the three months ending in may 2001 yrs. Old) 2006. This is virtually unchanged over the quarter but down 0.2 over the year. census The number of people in employment for the three months ending in may 2006 was 28.90 million. This And is an increase of 59,000 over the quarter and 223,000 over the year. national statistics website Total job seeker Nso – Westminster London GB Westminster has less JSA than the rest of London and slightly more than the GB average. allowance (JSA) nomis, All 4,290 2.5 3.5 2.7 In all areas more men than women claiming JSA claimants, %of JSA claimant Males 2,906 3.3 4.8 3.8 claimants as proportion count with Females 1,384 1.7 2.1 1.4 of residents of working rates and age proportions , feb 06 Total job seeker Nso – Westminster London GB The trend is similar for all areas. With less younger people claiming JSA in Westminster. But more allowance claimants, nomis, 18 – 24 965 22.6 26.5 29.9 middle range claiming as with over 50’s. %of JSA claimants as claimant 25 – 49 2,575 60.2 58.2 52.5 proportion of residents count age 50 and over 715 16.7 14.5 16.2 Community plan target is by 2009 an increased percentage of people under 25 are in employment, of working age split by and education or training age duration, Total job seeker feb 06 Westminster London GB Westminster has less than GB average in short term but high than average long term. allowance claimants, 6 months 2,625 61.4 61.2 68.5 Figures are similar to rest of London. %of JSA claimants as 6-12 months 820 19.2 20.5 17.7 proportion of residents 12 months + 830 19.5 18.3 13.8 of working age split by duration of claim Depravation data odpm, Lower the ranking the worse the depravation London out of 33 Eng. Out of 354 Westminster is a very deprived area on these indices. It is a borough of extremes with some of the Indices of deprivation indices of Rank average score 9 39 wealthiest areas in the country next to some of the poorest. Church st and queens park are the two  Index of multiple deprivation Rank average rank 12 33 most deprived SOA in London. The distribution of wealth across the borough would appear to be a key deprivation 2004 Rank of extent 11 57 issue. Gla, an Rank local concentration 1 19  Super output area analysis of Rank income scale 21 60 ranking wards Rank employment scale 18 64 based on soa ranks, feb 05 No of Westminster WCC Approximately 46,000 Westminster residents residents employed in economic are employed in Westminster Westminster developme nt strategy , mar.05

46 Provision of schools Www.West Westminster local education authority No of schools in England jan05 Need to be compared number of school pupils resident in borough and to ascertain standings in the minster.gov Primary schools 41 Primary schools 17,642 country. .UK/educati Secondary schools 8 Secondary schools 3,385 onandlearn Nursery schools 4 Nursery schools 458 ing/schools Special schools 2 Special schools 1,122 andcollege Adult education service 1 Pupil referral units 447 s/ Independent schools 2,281 Residents of working Nso – Westminster no. % London % GB % age level of nomis, None 14,100 10.5 13.9 15.1 qualifications. local area Other 34,200 25.4 16.4 8.8 labour Nvq1 + 86,100 64.0 69.7 76.0 force Nvq2 + 79,600 59.2 59.0 61.5 survey Nvq3 + 66,700 49.6 45.0 43.1 (may03 – Nvq4 + 52,600 39.2 30.8 25.2 feb04) % of people aged 16 – Http://neigh Westminster London Eng. & Wales When compared to the rest of London the education figures are not that different. Area where this is an 74 with no qualifications bourhood.s 16 23.7 29.1 issue is nvq1 level which less than 5gcse’s is below the figures for London and GB. Over view at the tatistics.go very bottom or the scale and the top Westminster is above London and national figures. It the middle v.UK/disse are of the scale where there are problems which is the school leavers type of education. mination/ar Noting that the qualification when compared are; eaprofile2.  No qualifications: no formal qualifications held do?tab=6  Other qualifications: includes foreign qualifications and some professional qualifications  NVQ 1 equivalent: e.g. Fewer than 5 GCSE at grades a-c, foundation GNVQ, NVQ 1, intermediate 1 national qualification (Scotland) or equivalent  NVQ 2 equivalent: e.g. 5 or more GCSE at grades a-c, intermediate GNVQ, NVQ 2, intermediate 2 national qualification (Scotland) or equivalent  NVQ 3 equivalent: e.g. 2 or more a levels, advanced GNVQ, NVQ 3, 2 or more higher or advanced higher national qualifications (Scotland) or equivalent  NVQ 4 equivalent and above: e.g. HND, degree and higher degree level qualification Community plan sets targets for 2009 which are,  Level 5 attainment in English & maths has increased to 85%  55% of 16 year olds achieve 5 a-c GCSE (not English & maths) % of people aged 16 – Westminster London Eng. &Wales Better than regional and national averages 74 with highest 47.8 31 19.8 qualifications

47 Appendix 3: Sustainability Objects and associated Plan objectives

Plan objectives, Performance Indicator and Target 1 To accommodate Westminster’s growth within its boundaries without encroaching on open space 2 To make a better city for people to live in 3 To make a more prosperous city 4 To promote social inclusion and tackle deprivation and discrimination 5 To improve Westminster’s accessibility 6 To make a more attractive, well designed and green city

Sustainability Objectives Plan Performance Indicators RUDP Strategic. policy Objective Performance Target support & target Measure No. To protect, enhance and seek opportunities to increase Objective .1 Protection of open space No net loss of open space designated for 29 A open space throughout the borough Target 3 protection in UDP’s due to new development 36 A – B To protect, enhance and create an environment that Objective 6 Protection of biodiversity No net loss of designated sites of 31 A encourages and supports biodiversity Target 18 habitat importance for nature conservation over plan 37 A – C period To maintain and enhance the public realm and street No applicable Objective 35B environment. To protect and enhance the historic environment and Objective 6 Protecting and improving Reduction in the proportion of buildings at 13 A architectural, archaeological and cultural heritage Target 25 heritage and public realm risk as a percentage of the total number of 29 A – B listed buildings in London. 30

To improve air quality No applicable Objective 34 A To ensure that the impact from noise is not detrimental No applicable Objective 17 to human health To minimise waste production and increase recycling Objective 6 Increase in household waste At least 25 % by 2005 35 A and recovery of all waste Target 19 recycled or composted At least 30% by 2010 At least 33% by 2015 To encourage the use of public transport, cycling and Objective 5, Achieving a reduced reliance Use of public transport / head grows faster 20 walking and reduce the use of private vehicular Target 12 on the private car and a more than use of the private car / head. 21 A - B transport. sustainable model split for 22 journeys 23 (?) To reduce green house gas emissions and support Objective 6 Reduce carbon dioxide Reduce emissions to 23%below 1990 levels adaptation to climate change Target 22 emissions by 2016 To minimise flood risk, promote sustainable urban Objective 6, Ensure a sustainable No net loss of functional flood plan 34 B drainage and protect water quality Target 24 approach to flood management To promote and encourage sustainable buildings best Objective 6, Increase energy generated Production of 945GWh of energy from 33 A, C practise in all refurbishment’s and new developments, Target 23 from renewable sources renewable sources by 2010 35 B including energy and water efficiency measures and the

48 use of renewable energy To supply appropriate types of housing to meet Objective 2 An increased supply of new Completion of at least 23,000 new homes a 14 A – D homeless, affordable, intermediary, over crowding and Target 4, 5 homes. year between 2004-16. 15 family unit demands. Completion of 50%of new homes as An increased supply of affordable homes each year between 2004- affordable homes 16 To create cohesive and inclusive communities with No applicable Objective 16 appropriate levels of social and community facilities To promote and improve health and well-being. No applicable Objective To increase community safety and reduce the fear of No applicable Objective 18 crime. Maintain economic diversity, increase local opportunity Objective 3 Increasing sustainability and Net increase in the proportion of London 5 B and support sustainable economic growth Target 6 social inclusion by increasing residents working in jobs in London over the 19 the proportion of London plan period residents working in London Ensure equality of opportunity and improve education, Objective 4 Increased employment Age specific unemployment rates for black 5B training and skills Target 9 opportunities for those and minority ethnic groups to be no higher suffering from disadvantage in than the white population by 2016, 50% the employment market reduction in the difference by 2011

The London Plans has 25 key indicators and targets to support the six key objectives these are; Sustainability objectives support the 25 key indicators of the London Plan 1. Increase the proportion of development taking place on previously developed land with a minimum improvement of 5% over a five-year period. 2. Increase density in residential development with over 95% complying with housing density location and SRQ matrix. 3 3. Protect open space with no net loss. 8, 15 4. Increase in supply of new homes with a target of 23,000 new homes / yr. Between 2004 –2016 3 5. Increase in supply of affordable homes with 50% of all new home being defined as affordable. 3 6. Increase sustainability and social inclusion by net increase in the proportion of London residents working in London, 16, 17 7. Ensure sufficient development in office capacity office market, with stock of office planning permissions to be three times average rate of starts over previous three years. 16, 17 8. Economic and population growth to follow sub-regional allocations. 16, 17 9. Increase employment opportunities for those disadvantaged in the employment market – unemployment in age, minority groups no higher than white pop. By 2016 and 50% 16, 17 reduction in difference by 2011 10. Increase employment opportunities for those disadvantaged in the employment market – % lone parents on income support to be no higher than UK average by 2016 16, 17 11. Improve performance against neighbourhood renewal floor targets as co-ordinated approach to tackling deprivation 1, 16, 17 12. Reduce reliance on the private car with a more sustainable modal split for journeys with public transport use growing faster that private car. 11 13. From 2001 – 2011 a 15% reduction in traffic in CZZ with zero traffic growth in inner London and no more than 5% in outer London. 11 14. 5% growth in passenger and freight transported on blue ribbon network between 2001-2011. 15. 50% Increase in public transport capacity between 2001 – 2021. 11 16. Regular assessment of transport capacity adequacy to support development in opportunity and intensification areas. 11 17. Increase number of jobs in high PTAL value areas. 17 18. Protected biodiversity habitats with no net loss of designated sites of importance for natural conservation. 8 19. Increase in household waste recycled and composted – at least 25% by 2005, 30% by 2010 and 33% by 2015. 12 20. Quantified requirement for waste treatment facilities. 21. Increase self-sufficiency for waste with 75%of London waste dealt with within London by 2010. 22. Reduce carbon dioxide emissions to 23%below 1990 levels by 2016. 5, 6 23. Increase in energy generated from renewable sources – 945GWh by 2010. 24. Sustainable flood management with no net loss of functional flood plain. 7 25. Protect and improve heritage and public realm with reduction in proportion of buildings as risk as a percentage of the total number of listed buildings in London 13

49 Appendix 4 Sustainability Objective development through consolation

Development of the Sustainability Objectives from initial identified issue to detail issue and progressive draft objectives consulted on internally to determine resulting Sustainability objectives

Sustainability Detail of issue Sustainability Sustainability objectives Sustainability objectives Sustainability objectives issues objectives 1st draft 2nd draft 3rd draft Increasing pressure Immense pressure upon open To protect, enhance and increase To protect, enhance and seek To protect, enhance and seek To protect, enhance and seek on the natural and space general lack of open space in open space throughout the opportunities to increase open opportunities to increase open opportunities to increase open built environment the residential areas in the north- borough space throughout the borough space throughout the borough space throughout the borough west and south of the borough Protect, enhance and increase To protect, enhance and create To protect, enhance and create an To protect, enhance and create To protect, enhance and create biodiversity and an environment that benefits environment that encourages and environments that encourages and environments that encourages Increase in habitats biodiversity supports biodiversity supports biodiversity and supports biodiversity Late night To maintain and enhance the public To enhance the public realm and To enhance the public realm Activities are major issue – noise, realm and street environment. street environment. and street environment. smells, rubbish Protected and enhanced the cultural To protect and enhance the To protect and enhance the historic To protect and enhance the historic To protect and enhance the experience including architectural architectural, archaeological and environment and architectural, environment and architectural, historic environment and and archaeological heritage cultural heritage archaeological and cultural heritage archaeological and cultural architectural, archaeological heritage The high number of listed buildings and cultural heritage and conservation areas. Air pollution, the borough is a To improve air quality To improve air quality To improve air quality To improve air quality declared AQMA. noise and the impact ambient noise levels to ensure that the impact from to ensure that the impact from to reduce the impact of noise to reduce the impact of noise upon human health noise impact from licensed and noise is not detrimental to human noise is not detrimental to human and quality of life commercial activities health health cooling / heating plant for buildings transport noise waste and recycling no waste handling facility in to minimise waste production and to reduce waste production and to reduce waste production and to reduce waste production and Westminster increase recycling and recovery increase recycling and recovery of increase recycling and recovery of increase recycling and recovery recycling rates need to improve as of all waste produced in all waste all waste of all waste Westminster population increases street cleansing important Road transport and Pedestrianisation is an issue due to to reduce the need to travel, To encourage walking, cycling and To encourage walking, cycling and to reduce the need to travel and congestion are an numbers of people entering reduce the use of private the use of public transport, and the use of public transport, and use of private motorised issue the provision for Westminster daily. vehicular transport and reduce the use of private vehicular reduce the use of private motorised vehicular transport as well as encourage the use of public transport. vehicular transport. pedestrians and Further support for alternative transport, cycling and walking encouraging walking, cycling cycling needs to be modes of transport, specifically and the use of public transport increased. cycling and walking, including green travel plans. climate change, green house gas emissions and to reduce green house gas to reduce green house gas to reduce green house gas to reduce green house gas climate change contribution to this global issue emission and implement climate emissions and support adaptation emissions and support climate emissions and support climate adaptation and air change adaptation to climate change change adaptation change adaptation quality change in weather patterns

50 increase in flood risk to minimise flood risk and to minimise flood risk, promote to minimise flood risk, promote to minimise flood risk, promote promote and endorse the use of sustainable urban drainage and sustainable urban drainage and Flash flooding and drainage issues. sustainable urban drainage and sustainable urban drainage protect surface and ground water protect surface and ground water protect surface and ground quality quality water quality Sustainable building need to increase energy efficiency to promote and encourage the to promote and encourage To require the application of to require the application of policies need to be measures use of renewable energy, energy sustainable buildings best practice sustainable design and sustainable design and embraced in a greater application of SUD’s and water efficiency in all refurbishment’s and new construction in all new construction in all new developments, including energy developments and refurbishment of fashion. sustainability issues in historic and and water efficiency measures and existing buildings. developments and listed buildings as well as new the use of renewable energy refurbishment of existing developments buildings supply of appropriate homelessness is a major issue To supply appropriate types of To supply appropriate housing To ensure the provision of To ensure the provision of housing supply of affordable and housing to meet affordable, types to meet homeless, affordable, appropriate housing types to meet appropriate housing types to intermediary home intermediary, over crowding, intermediary, over crowding and homeless, affordable, intermediary, meet homeless, affordable, family unit demands. family unit demands. over crowding and family unit demands. intermediary, over crowding and over crowding and polarisation and family unit demands. lack of family units major challenge is the need to supply appropriate level of to create sustainable cohesive, to create cohesive and inclusive to create cohesive, inclusive and to create cohesive, inclusive creation of cohesive social and community facilities if inclusive communities with communities with appropriate levels safe communities with appropriate and safe communities with and inclusive sustainable communities are to be appropriate levels of social and of social and community facilities levels of social and community appropriate levels of social and community facilities facilities communities, which created and maintained community facilities are mixed use pattern of land use sustainable creates conflicting issues Remedy areas, which are recognised as deprived. health and well-being of all the To promote and improve health To promote and improve health and To promote and improve health to promote and improve health community and community and well-being. well-being. and well-being. and well-being cohesion and inclusion reduce the fear of crime and To increase community safety and To reduce the fear of crime and To reduce the fear of crime and increase community safety reduce the fear of crime and actual actual crime. actual crime. crime. no adverse impact on residents Removed as not appropriate maintain economic land and office cost very high in diversity and increase Westminster - local opportunity Careful is not a victim of its own maintain economic diversity and maintain economic diversity, to maintain economic diversity, to maintain economic diversity, success, very successful economic increase local opportunity and increase local opportunity and increase local opportunity and increase local opportunity and activity covering a wide number of sustainable economic growth support sustainable economic support sustainable economic support sustainable economic growth growth areas. needs to include all age growth groups in facility provision education and job creation and improve education training and ensure equality of opportunity and To ensure equality of opportunity To ensure equality of distribution of wealth to local skills improve opportunities for education, and improve opportunities for opportunity and improve communities training and skills education, training and opportunities for education, employment. training and employment. to reduce poverty and ensure equality of opportunity for all residents

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