Abe 307.3: Introduction to Farm Building Systems *

ABE 307 (2003) Sep. 2003

ABE 307.3: INTRODUCTION TO FARM BUILDING SYSTEMS* (2003-2004 Term 1: September to December 2003)

COURSE DESCRIPTION Farm buildings are an important part of all farming operations. This course examines the layout of farm buildings on the farmstead and the functional design of buildings used in crop and animal production, including systems analysis and materials handling. Functional requirements of construction, space, and environment are emphasized.

INSTRUCTORS Huiqing Guo Office: Room 1A10E, Engineering Building Phone: 966-5350 (office) Email: [email protected] Office hours: MWF 12:30 to 14:30, or anytime by appointment.

Robert Brad Office: Room 1A14A E, Engineering Building Phone: 966-2340 (office) Email: [email protected] Office hours: 9:30 to 12:00, or by appointment.

CLASS TIME Lecture: MWF 11:30 – 12:20 AM, Room: ENG 1A80 Lab: Th 14:30 – 17:30, Room: ENG 1A80

COURSE POLICIES 1. Grading Project Phase I and III: 25% (15%+10%) Project Phase II: 15% Lab reports, assignments: 10% Midterm exam: 10% Final exam: 40%

Total: 100%

2. Project, lab reports, and assignments a) Homework should be neat and easy to read b) Homework is due by 5:00 pm of the due date, 10% per day late penalty 3. Class attendance Class attendance is considered very important. Class attendance will be checked and considered for the final course grades. 4. Exams Midterm exam: 1 hr, closed book and notes Final exam: 3 hrs., open book and notes

* This syllabus is tentative and subject to change.

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5. Help with course Please ask for assistance, I am always willing to help. 6. Academic dishonesty will result in failure of the course

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TEXT BOOK

Agricultural Buildings and Structures, by James Lindley and James Whitaker. 1996, ASAE.

REFERENCE MATERIALS RELATED TO FARM BUILDINGS

Midwest Plan Service (MWPS)

MWPS-1 Midwest Plan Service Structures and Environment Handbook MWPS-2 Farmstead Planning Handbook MWPS-3 Sheep Housing and Equipment Handbook MWPS-6 Beef Cattle Housing and Equipment Handbook MWPS-7 Dairy Housing and Equipment Handbook MWPS-8 Swine Housing and Equipment Handbook MWPS-13 Grain Drying, Handling and Storage Handbook MWPS-14 Private Water Systems Handbook MWPS-15 Horse Housing and Equipment Handbook MWPS-18 Livestock Waste Facilities Handbook MWPS-20 Midwest Plan Service – Handbook of Building Plans MWPS-22 Low Temperature & Solar Grain Drying Handbook MWPS-23 Solar Livestock Housing Handbook MWPS-24 Onsite Domestic Sewage Disposal Handbook MWPS-27 Small Farms – Livestock Buildings and Equipment

Agriculture Canada Publications

Canada Plan Service, Catalog of Plans Publications of Canada Plan Service (http://www.cps.gov.on.ca/) Canadian Farm Buildings Handbook Canadian Farm Building Code Shelterbelt Weed Control Planting Trees for Wildlife Planing Farm Shelterbelts Shelterbelt Species

Saskatchewan Government Publications

Concrete on the Farm Livestock Building Exhaust Fans Solar Heating for Livestock Buildings Livestock Ventilation Heat Recovery Systems Farm Workshops Fan Performance – Aeration and Natural Air Grain Drying Aeration of Grain in Storage Natural Air Grain Drying

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Intensive Livestock Operations – Guide of Recommended Practice Swine Economics – 1988 Introduction to Swine Production Beef Cattle Housing and Handling Facilities Beef Cattle Housing and Feedlot Facilities Beef Cattle Feeding Systems Beef Cattle Handling Facilities Safe Private Water Supplies – Problems Safe Private Water Supplies – Ground Supplies Pressure Systems – Selection and Installation Dugout Water – Problems and Treatments Automatic Livestock Waterers Farm Home Sewage Disposal

Alberta Agriculture Publications

Swine Housing Facilities – Alberta Agriculture Swine Housing Layouts – Alberta Agriculture Swine Manure Handling Systems - Alberta Agriculture Beef Cattle Housing, Handling and Feeding Systems Poultry Housing Facilities

Miscellaneous Publications

Manual on Metric Building Drawing Practice, NRC VIDO Swine Nursery Design VIDO Feeder Barn Design and Management VIDO Farrowing Barn Design and Management

Books

Environment Control For Animals And Plants – Louis D. Albright Farm Buildings from Planning to Completion – Phillips Agricultural Buildings & Structures – Lindley and Whitaker Swine Building Ventilation – Yuanhui Zhang Farmstead Engineering, ASAE CIGR Handbook of Agricultural Engineering Volume II: Animal production & Aquacultural Engineering. CIGR ASHRAE Handbook: 1999 Fundamentals. ASHRAE ASAE Standards 2001. ASAE

Journals and newspapers

Transactions of ASAE (The American Society of Agricultural Engineers) Applied Engineering in Agriculture Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research

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Canadian Agricultural Engineering The Western Producer

Websites http://ASAE.org/ http://www.agr.gov.sk.ca/ (Livestock), Saskatchewan Agriculture and Food http://www.agric.gov.ab.ca/ (livestock, engineering), Alberta Agriculture, Food, and Rural Development http://www.gov.mb.ca/agriculture/ (livestock, home study courses), Manitoba Agriculture and Food http://www.cps.gov.on.ca/, Canada Plan Service

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COURSE OUTLINE

1. Introduction and Overview 1.1. History 1.2. Systems approach to planning farm buildings 2. Farmstead Planning 2.1. Preparing farmstead plans 2.2. Farmstead planning factors 2.3. Farmstead planning regulations and standards 2.4. Farmstead planning using the zone planning concept 2.5. Snow and wind control 2.6. Planning intensive livestock operations 3. Farm Building Construction 3.1. Building design concepts, loads, building codes 3.2. Construction materials 3.3. Building structural types 3.4. Foundations and floors 3.5. Insulation and moisture control 3.6. Building economics 3.7. Managing a construction project 4. Enterprise Planning 4.1. Livestock housing 4.1.1. Livestock enterprise planning concepts 4.1.2. Swine 4.1.3. Beef cattle 4.1.4. Dairy cattle 4.1.5. Poultry 4.1.6. Sheep and horses 4.1.7. Waste management 4.2. Greenhouses 4.3. Fruit/vegetable storage 5. Heating and ventilating farm buildings 5.1. Fundamentals of heat transfer and psychrometrics 5.2. Animal and plant environment requirements 5.3. Principles of ventilation and environment control 5.4. Components of complete ventilation, heating and cooling systems 5.5. Trouble shooting ventilation problems 6. Facilities for storage and processing of crops 6.1.1. Principles of farmstead planning for grain farms 6.1.2. Storage structures for grain and feed 6.2. Storage for supplies and equipment 6.2.1. Chemicals and fertilizer Storage 6.2.2. Machinery storage and farm workshops

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ABE 307 – LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Upon successful completion of this course, the student will be able to:

I. Farmstead Planning 1. Learn principles and factors to be considered in farmstead planning. 2. Draw and interpret farmstead site plans showing farmstead buildings, services, and shelterbelts. 3. Diagnose common errors in farmstead plans and be able to formulate and communicate suggestions for improvement. 4. Site and plan the functioning of farm buildings in accordance with appropriate Saskatchewan codes, regulations and standards. 5. List and discuss the various sources of information and data that are available for planning farm buildings. 6. Cite potential persons or agencies that can provide information on farm buildings and describe the nature of assistance that might be expected from each of these sources. 7. Compare and contrast the characteristics of the ideal farmstead site for farmsteads supporting alternative farm production systems (eg., grain only, livestock, hobby farm, custom operations). 8. Design and evaluate snow and wind control structures and shelterbelts for prairie farmsteads.

II. Farm Building Construction 9. Identify alternative structural systems used in agricultural buildings and contrast/compare the limitations and applications of these systems. 10. Identify alternative materials used for cladding of farm buildings, and contrast/compare the limitations and applications of these materials. 11. Explain the characteristics and classifications of wood, plywood, concrete and metal products used in agricultural buildings. 12. Identify alternative systems of building foundations.

IV. Agricultural Housing Systems 13. Explain and compare alternative housing systems for dairy cattle, beef cattle, swine, poultry and sheep. 14. Plan the arrangement of grain storage and processing structures and equipment for efficient handling of grains on the farm. 15. Explain the advantages and disadvantages of centralized versus decentralized grain storage systems. 16. Explain the basic parameters which apply to the design and management of farm workshops, farm machinery storage structures, and chemical storages.

III. Environmental Control of Agricultural Buildings 17. Understand psychrometric principles and be able to use the psychrometric chart. 18. Become familiar with general heat and moisture transfer concepts. 19. Explain the operation of heating and ventilating equipment and describe complete environment control systems that are used in livestock buildings and workshops. 20. Explain the operation of air heating and ventilating equipment used in natural air conditioning and drying of grains, forages and horticultural products.

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ABE 307 – COURSE SCHEDULE

LECTURES (Subject to changes with respect to topics covered on particular date.)

Lecture Week Date Topic Reading Lab (Text book ) 1 1 Sep. 5 F Course introduction 2 2 Sep. 8 M History of farm buildings; system approach Chapters 1, 11 Lab #1 to planning farm buildings 3 Sep. 10 W Preparing farmstead plans Chapter 20 4 Sep. 12 F Farmstead planning factors, codes and regulations 5 3 Sept 15 M Farmstead planning - zone planning concept Lab #2 6 Sept 17 W Snow and wind control, shelterbelts 7 Sept 19 F Planning livestock farms Chapters 20 8 4 Sept 22 M Guest speaker – ILO/ag operations act (SK Agric. & Lab #3 Food) 9 Sept 24 W Building design concepts, loads, building Chapter 1, 6 codes 10 Sept 26 F Construction materials Chapters 2 to 5 11 5 Sept 29 M Building structural types Chapter 8 Lab #4 12 Oct 1 W Foundations and floors Chapter 7 13 Oct 3 F Insulation and moisture control Chapter 14 14 6 Oct 6 M Livestock enterprise planning concepts/ Lab #5 requirements/environment requirements 15 Oct 8 W Swine housing Chapter 24 16 Oct 10 F Swine housing 7 Oct 13 M (Thanksgiving day) Lab #6 17 Oct 15 W Beef housing Chapter 25 18 Oct 17 F Dairy housing Chapter 26 19 8 Oct 20 M Dairy housing Lab #7 20 Oct 22 W Poultry housing Chapter 27 21 Oct 24 F Mid term exam 22 9 Oct 27 M Sheep and equine housing Chapter 25, 28 Lab #8 23 Oct 29 W Waste management Chapter 19 24 Oct 31 F Greenhouses Chapter 23 25 10 Nov 3 M Fruit/vegetable storage Chapter 18 Lab#9 26 Nov 5 W Heating, ventilation and environment Chapter 12, 13 control 27 Nov 7 F Building heat and moisture balance Chapter 14 28 11 Nov 10 Heating/vent/cooling components Chapter 15, 16 Lab M #10 29 Nov 12 Trouble shooting ventilation problems

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W 30 Nov 14 F Grain storage structures Chapter 22 31 12 Nov 17 M Planning grain handling systems Lab # 11 32 Nov 19 W Feed storage structures and planning 33 Nov 21 F Fertilizer and chemical storage Chapter 21 34 13 Nov 24 M Farm shops and machinery storage Chapter 21 Lab #12 35 Nov 26 W Building economics Chapters 11 36 Nov 28 F Managing a construction project 37 14 Dec 1 M Guest speaker Farm building No lab design engineer this week 38 Dec 3 W Review/wrap up

LABORATORY (Tentative, subject to change)

Lab Date Laboratory Lab report required* 1 Sept 11 Country side tour of farmsteads Yes 2 Sept 18 Preparing farmstead plans No 3 Sept 25 Tour to building component mfg. (Coverall, Warman Truss Yes Plant, home construction plant) 4 Oct 2 Materials lab (wood, concrete, etc.) Yes 5 Oct 9 Tour to construction site (large hog, dairy or other) Yes 6 Oct 16 Presentation of Project Phase I No 7 Oct 23 Tour of Dairy/Poultry Barns (U. of S. and local commercial Yes operation) 8 Oct 30 Tour of Prairie Swine Center Elstow Barn Yes 9 Nov 6 Feedlot tour (U. of S. or Poundmaker) Yes 10 Nov 13 Presentation of Project Phase II No 11 Nov 20 Heating/ventilation lab Yes 12 Nov 27 Presentation of Project Phase III No *Lab report is due on the following Thursday after the lab. A total of 9 reports.

PROJECTS

Items Description Due date Project Phase I One page description of the farmstead that you have Sep. 25 (Group work of two chosen people) Project Phase I (Group Complete as-is farmstead plan and report Oct. 16 work of two) Project Phase II Drawing and description of building system; drawing Nov. 13 (Group work of 3 or 4) and description of ideal farmstead

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Project Phase III Drawing and description of expanded/renovated Nov. 27 (Group work of two) farmstead

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ABE 307 INTRODUCTION TO AGRICULTURAL BUILDINGS

A farmer has come to you, a professional agrologist, for help. The farmer is thinking about renovating or significantly expanding facilities for an expanding or new farm enterprise. There are 4 possible sites where the expansion/renovation/new construction might take place. In addition, there is the possibility of looking for a different site, not yet identified.

What are the site and building requirements? What would the site and facilities look like if there were no constraints of existing buildings (i.e., if we could find a perfect site)?

Formal evaluation of each of the 4 existing sites. What is there now? How good is the site for its current use? What are the constraints on using it for the proposed new use?

Conduct a rigorous investigation of how to incorporate the ideal facilities into each of the existing sites. Compare and contrast with the new ideal site.

You have 3 months to complete the final report. Develop a project plan and a timetable so that the work can be completed on time. Plan how to best use the resources of your team. Think about places where there could be delays (say, while you wait for information to arrive).

Your company has allocated this much time to the project:

MWF 11:30 - 12:20 team and company meetings Th 14:30 - 17:20 team and company meetings, opportunities for tours or more in- depth consultations.

In addition, each team member is expected to contribute a minimum of 3 hours/week scheduled, among their other duties, to dedicate to this project for tasks that can be done individually (e.g., researching information, visiting the potential sites, etc.).

Role of the company president (H. Guo, R. Brad): facilitation, organization, second opinion, resource person, mentor

Role of the consultants (your, A.I.T.’s): research, documentation and report writing, justification of decisions

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ABE 307.3: AGRICULTURAL BUILDING SYSTEMS

INTRODUCTION TO FARMSTEAD DESIGN PROJECT

Phase I: (Group work of 2 people) Prepare an as-is plan of a farmstead. Compile a written inventory of buildings and equipment. Write a critique of the farmstead and the building system.

Phase II: (Group work, 3 or 4 people in one group) Develop a functional plan (floor plan and cross-section) for a particular farm enterprise. Include all ancillary structures and subsystems.

Incorporate the functional plan into an ideal farmstead setting.

Phase III: (Group work of 2 people) Develop a plan to incorporate the essential elements of the “ideal” plan into the existing farmstead. Show how the “old” can be phased out while the “new” is phased in.