Backdrop of the Proposed Plan

1. Chapter- 1

BACKDROP OF THE PROPOSED PLAN.

The Hon’ble President in his address to the joint session of Parliament on February 25, 2005 had announced that the Government would recast the 15 point programme for the Welfare of Minorities with a view to incorporate programme specific interventions. The Prime Minister, in his address on the occasion of Independence Day 2005 announced inter-alia that “We will also revise and revamp the 15 point programme for Minorities. The new 15 point Programme will have definite goals which are to be achieved in a specific time frame.” In pursuance of these commitments, the earlier programme has been revised as the Prime Minister’s 15 point programme for the Welfare of Minorities. Then after, the U.N.Declaraton of 18th December is given below:

UN Declaration of 18th December 1992

In order to strengthen the cause of the minorities, the United Nations promulgated the “Declaration on the Rights of Persons belonging to National or Ethnic, Religious and Linguistic Minorities” on 18th December 1992 proclaiming that:

“States shall protect the existence of the National or Ethnic, Cultural, Religious and Linguistic identity of minorities within their respective territories and encourage conditions for the promotion of that identity.”

The National Commission for Minorities has been observing the 18th December as a Minorities Rights Day every year.

Prime Minister’s New 15 Point Programme for Welfare of Minorities

(A) Enhancing opportunities for Education.

(1) Equitable availability of ICDS Services

The integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme is aimed at holistic development of children and pregnant/lactating mothers from disadvantaged section, by providing services through Anganwadi Centres such as supplementary nutrition , immunization, health check- up, referral services, pre-school and non-formal education. A certain percentage of the ICDS projects and Anganwadi Centres will be located in blocks/villages with a substantial

1 population of minority communities to ensure that he benefits of the scheme are equitable available to such communities also.

(2) Improving access to School Education

Under the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan, the Kasturba Gandhi Balika Vidyalaya Scheme, and other similar Government schemes, it will be ensured that a certain percentage of such school is located in villages/localities having a substantial population of minority communities

(3) Greater resources for teaching Urdu

Central assistance will be provided for recruitment and posting of Urdu language teachers in primary and upper primary schools that serve a population in which at least one-fourth belong to that language group.

(4) Modernizing Madarsa Education

The Central Plan Scheme of Area Intensive and Madarsa Modernization Programme provides basis educational infrastructure in areas of concentration of educationally backward minorities and resources for the modernization of Madarsa education. Keeping in view of importance of addressing this need, this programme will be substantially strengthened and implemented effectively.

(5) Scholarships for meritorious students from minority communities

Schemes for pre-matric and post-matric scholarships for students from minority communities will be formulated and implemented.

(6) Improving educational infrastructure through the Maulana Azad Education Foundation.

The Government shall provide all possible assistance to Maulana Azad Education Foundation (MAEF) to strengthen and enable it to expand its activities more effectively.

(B) Equitable Share in Economic Activities and Employment

(7) Self-Employment and Wage Employment for the poor

a. The Swarnjayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojna(SGSY), the primary self-employment programme for rural areas, has the objective fo bringing assisted poor rural families above the poverty line by providing them income generating assets through a mix of bank credit and Governmental subsidy. A certain percentage of the physical and financial targets under the SGSY will be earmarked for beneficiaries belonging to the minority communities living below the poverty line in rural areas. b. The Swarnjayanti Shahary Rozgar Yojna (SSRY) consists of two major components namely, the Urban Self-Employment Programme (USEP) and the Urban Wage Employment Programme (UWEP). A certain percentage of the physical and financial targets under USEP and UWEP will be earmarked to benefit people below the poverty line from the minority communities. c. The Sampurna Grameen Rozgar Yojna (SGRY) is aimed at providing additional wage employment in rural areas alongside the creation of durable community, social and economic infrastructure. Since the National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme (NREGP) has been launched in 200 districts, and SGRY has been merged with 2 NREGP in these districts, in the remaining districts, a certain percentage of the allocation under SGRY will be earmarked for beneficiaries belonging to the minority communities living below the poverty line till these districts are taken up under NREGP. Simultaneously, a certain percentage of the allocation will be earmarked for the creation of infrastructure in such villages, which have a substantial population of minorities.

(8) Upgradation of skill through technical training

A very large proportion of the population of minority communities is engaged in low-level technical work or earns its living as handicraftsmen. Provision of technical training to such people would upgrade their skills and earning capability. Therefore, a certain proportion of all new ITIs will be located in areas predominantly inhabited by minority communities and a proportion of existing it is to be upgraded to ‘Centres of Excellence’ will be selected on the same basis.

(9) Enhanced credit support for economic activities

a. The National Minorities Development & Finance Corporation (NMDFC) was set up in 1994 with the objective of promoting economic development activities among the minority communities. The Government is committed to strengthen the NMDFC by providing it greater equity support to enable it to fully achieve its objective. b. Bank credit is essential for creation and sustenance of self-employment initiative. A target of 40% of net bank credit for priority sector lending has been fixed for domestic banks. The priority sector includes, inter alia, agricultural loans, loan to small-scale industries & small business, loans to retail trade, professional and self-employed persons, education loans, housing loans and micro-credit. It will be ensured that an appropriate percentage of the priority sector lending in all categories is targeted for the minority communities.

(10) Recruitment to State and Central Services

a. In the recruitment of police personnel, State Governments will be advised to give special consideration to minorities. For this purpose, the composition of selection committees should be representative. b. The Central Government will take similar action in the recruitment of personnel to the Central police forces. c. Large scale employment opportunities are provided by the Railways, nationalized banks and public sector enterprises. In these cases also, the concerned departments will ensure that special consideration is given to recruitment from minority communities. d. An exclusive scheme will be launched for candidates belonging to minority communities to provide coaching in Government institutions as well as private coaching institutes with credibility.

3 (C) Improving the conditions of living of minorities.

(11) Equitable share in rural housing scheme

The Indira Awaas Yojna (IAY) provides financial assistance for shelter to the rural poor living below the poverty line. A certain percentage of the physical and financial targets under IAY will be earmarked for poor beneficiaries from minority communities living in rural areas.

(12) Improvement in condition of slums inhabited by minority communities.

Under the schemes of Integrated Housing & Slum Development Programme (IHSDP) and Jawaharlal Nehru Urban Renewal Mission(JNURM), the Central Government provides assistance to States/UTs for development of urban slums through provision of physical amenities and basic services. It would be ensured that the benefits of these programmes flow equitable to members of the minority communities and to cities/slums, predominantly inhabited by minority communities.

(D) Prevention & Control of Communal Riots

(13) Prevention of communal incidents

In the areas, which have been identified as communally sensitive and riot prone districts and police officials of the highest known efficiency, impartiality and secular record must be posted. In such areas and even elsewhere, the prevention of communal tension should be one of the primary duties of the district magistrate and superintendent of police. Their performance in this regard should be an important factor in determining their promotion prospects.

(14) Prosecution for communal offences

Severe action should be taken against all those who incite communal tension or take part in violence. Special court or courts specifically earmarked to try communal offences should be set up so that offenders are brought to book speedily.

(15) Rehabilitation of Victims of Communal Riots.

Victims of communal riots should be given immediate relief and provided prompt and adequate financial assistance for their rehabilitation.

4 The Govt. Of Orissa Minorities and Backward classes welfare Department has made a resolution and communicated to all the districts, Vide his L.No.688/SSD dated 7.12.2008 for constitution of Dist. Level Committee for implementation of the Prime Minister’s New 15 point programme for welfare of the Minorities. (Attached as Annexure-1). Pursuant to the above notification, the Dist. Level Committee for Implementation of the Prime Minister’s New 15 point Programme for Welfare of the Minorities has been formed with the following members

The composition of the committee is as follows: 1. Collector. Chairman 2. Superintendent of Police Member 3. Project Administrator, I.T.D.A. Member 4. Project Director, DRDA Member 5. Sub-Collector, Paralakhemundi. Member 6. Dist. Employment Officer Member 7. C.I.of Schools, Berhampur Member 8. D.I. & P.R.O. Member 9. Executive Officer, Municipality, Pkd. Member 10 D.S.W.O., Gajapati. Member 11 Mr. Nasir Beg, nominated Member 12 Dr.Pradeep Swain, nominated Member 13 Messiah Raika, East India Mission Member 14 Sri A.Jaganath Raju, Secy of CCD. .Member (Reputed N.G.O special Invitees) 15 Sri Durgamadhaba Panda Secy JKP, Member (Reputed N.G.O special Invitees) 16 Sri Kailash Ch.Sahu, Programme Co- Member (Reputed N.G.O special Invitees) Ordinator, Gram Vikash 17 Sri Kalidash Patnaik, Cordinator (Reputed N.G.O special Invitees) PREM Plan Member 18 Bhikari Behera, President PEACE (Reputed N.G.O special Invitees) 19 Sri D.Jaganath Raju, SWWS, (Reputed N.G.O special Invitees)

Dist.Welfare Officer shall be the member of Secretary and convener of the meeting

The meeting was convened on 25.8.07; proceeding of the same has been released and forwarded to proper quarter. (Attached as Annexure-2)

The Gov. of Orissa Minorities & Backward Classes Welfare Department, (vide his L.No.722 dated 11.9.2007) has noticed that the Gajapati district has been identified as a backward, minority concentrated district, which is falling far behind the national average in terms of both socio-economic and basic amenities parameter. (letter of Govt. attached as Annexure -3), and directed the district administration to draft a Multi-Sectoral Development Plan, asking for special thrust to be given on Education, Health & Sanitation, Safe Drinking Water, communication, Women & Child Development Activities, Public Distribution

5 System, Horticulture, Increase in Irrigation Potential, Skill Up-gradation Activities, Setting up I.T.I, Enhanced Credit Linkage Facilities, Infrastructure Development, Tele Connectivity /Village public telephone, Self employment and Wage employment. Improvement of slum inhabited by Minorities, Rural Housing Scheme, Rural Electrification, Pisciculture, Animal Husbandry etc. For preparation of Module on Multi Sectoral Development Plan of Gajapati with critical data, the Dist. Level Committee meeting of all members was convened on 24.1.08 under the Chairmanship of the Collector. All the executive agencies and the B.D.Os. of this district participated in preparation of the action plan by conducting village committee meetings and survey and found out the minority population areas of their respective blocks. The Registrar, Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Calcutta, Baishnabaghata patuli township, Kolkata had been requested, vide L.No.1265, dated 17.7.08 to conduct a Baseline Survey of Gajapati District on Multi-Sectoral Development Plan for the Minority Concentration District (MCD), which was duly conducted by them and was completed by May-2008. The survey report submitted by the Registrar, Centre for Studies in Social Sciences, Culcutta, has been enclosed as Annexure- 4. Proposals and survey reports of different agencies, line-departments and B.D.Os had come up in review meetings, convened on 12.5.08, 30.6.08, 10.10.08 and 18.10.08. Against the budget of Rs.31.50 crores proposals for more than one hundred crores were received. The proposals were placed in the Zilla Parishad Meeting for discussion. All members of Zilla Parishad participated in the discussion. On 30.10.08, another meeting was called which was attended by all the Dist. Level members of the committee for implementation of the Prime Minister’s New 15 point Programme for welfare of the minorities. Collector apprised the members on the priorities and requested the members on District Level Committee approve the Multi Sectoral Development Action Plan. The Members present in the Meeting is at Annexure -5

6 2. CHAPTER-II

MULTI-SECTORAL DISTRICT DEVELOPMENT PLAN FOR MINORITY:

Gajapati District has been created from the erstwhile Ganjam District on 2nd October 1992 (vide notification No- 48552 DT:-28.09.92). Very aptly named after the ex- Raja Sahib of the princely estate Parlakhemundi, Maharaja Sri Krushna Chandra Gajapati Narayan Deo, the district has Parlakhemundi as its headquarters. It has in all 7 blocks, 3 tahsils and two urban local bodies namely Parlakhemundi Municipality and NAC Kasinagar. Importantly, Gajapati District is a Tribal District with Christians forming 34% of its total population. A sizable number of Buddhists and Muslims also live in the district along with the Christians. The Multi-Sectoral District Development plan for Minority would concentrate on the following Areas as outlined in Para 1.7(i) to (Viii) of guidelines. The MDP aims at improving the socio-economic parameters of basic amenities for improving the quality of life of the people and reducing imbalances among other categories. The MDP would throw light upon “development deficits” brought out by a baseline survey to improve the socio-economic parameters and the basic amenities parameters of the District as a whole. As such, this district has identified the following areas:  Better infrastructure for schools and Secondary Education  Safe drinking water and sanitation  Electricity supply  Construction of AWC and Mini AWCs  Critical infrastructure like Road, Basic Health Infra-Structure, Skill Development, Marketing facilities etc.  Income Generating Schemes through Irrigation facilities and Skill Up- Gradations The Programme area would cover 7 blocks. The core data is used in development of Multi- Sectoral Development Plan for minority. This ranking was based on a composite index covering 11 social and economic indicators. Views of Elderly persons, PRI members and Subject Matter Specialists were considered in the plan preparation methodology. The objectives of the programme are as follows:-

 Enhancing opportunities for education.

 Ensuring an equitable share for minorities in economic activities and employment, through the existing and new schemes, enhanced credit support for self-employment, and recruitment to State and Central Government jobs. 7  Improving the conditions of living of minorities by ensuring an appropriate share for them in infrastructure development schemes.

 Prevention and control of communal disharmony and violence.

8 3. CHAPTER III DEVELOPMENT PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

BRIEF PROFILE OF THE DISTRICT

Gajapati district is located in southern part of Orissa. The district is relatively new and is formed in the year 1992 by subdividing the erstwhile Ganjam District. The total geographical area of the district consists of 4325 sq.km. The district has a total population of 518837. Out of this, 8.77 % belong to Scheduled Caste and 47.88% belong to ST population. The decadal growth rate of the population is found to be 14.02% with crude birth rate of 32.4 %. The population in the district exhibits imbalance with a sex ratio of 1031. The sex ratio in urban area is 988 while that of rural area is 1036. The literacy level in the district is only 42% compared to the state average of 62%. There exist widespread variation in literacy level in urban areas and rural areas. Disparities are also found in female and male literacy rate. The female literacy rate is only 28.1% while male literacy rate is 55.14%. The district has two subdivisions, three Tahasils, seven development Blocks, 129 Grama Panchayats, one Municipality, and one NAC. A brief description on the development profile of the district is provided in the following paragraphs.

9 TOPOGRAPHY

Major part of the district is hilly terrain. The hilly areas are mostly inhabited by Tribals. The highest mountain of the district Mahendragiri lies at an altitude of 4,923 feet above the sea level. The soil quality is of alluvial, brown, laterites, clay loam, sandy loam and red. This district comes under “NORTH EASTERN GHAT AGRO CLIMATIC ZONE” with light textured brown forest soil which is highly acidic in nature with medium percentage of Nitrogen, Phosphorous and Potash. Due to typical characteristic of the agro-climatic zone, the terrain has rolling topography, rugged hills, and perennial streams. Due to steep and rugged terrain and non availability of water, the land available for cultivation is very less. The farmers mostly practice shifting cultivation which sometimes is the main cause of land sliding and damage of life and property. Gosani, Gumma, Kasinagar, Rayagada and R.Udayagiri blocks have almost 90% laterites soil. Brown forest soil is found in Nuagada and Mohana blocks. Gosani, Kasinagar blocks comes under plain lands where as the tribal blocks consists of hill and table land in the North-East part of the district.

Sl.No Name of the Block North Latitude East Longitude 1 GOSANI 180.47’ North 840.08’ East 2 GUMMA 180.59’ North 830.48’ East 3 KASHINAGAR - - 4 MOHANA 190.27’ North 840.16’ East 5 NUAGADA 190.06’ North 840.17’ East 6 R.UDAYGIRI 190.10’ North 840.08’ East 7 RAYAGADA 180.58’ North 840.10’ East

CLIMATE

The climate of the district is sub-tropical with extreme variation in temperature and rain fall. The temperature varies from 16 to 48 degree Celsius. The lowest temperature has been experienced in the month of November -December and the highest temperature occurs during May-June. The second fortnight of March to the first fortnight of June is the hottest period with the Mercury rising up to 490C .

RAINFALL

The district receives annual rainfall in between 1500 mm to 2080 mm. The average annual rainfall is 1403.30mm with nearly 71 rainy days in a year. The maximum precipitation is received between July -September. During February and May the rain fall is almost erratic. The data regarding the average rainfall in the district during the year 1993 to 2007 is provided in the following table.

10 Figure 1: Rain fall in the district from 1994 to 2007

Rainfall in mm.

2,500.00

2,000.00

1,500.00 Rainfall in mm. 1,000.00

500.00

Table 1: Details of rainfall in the district

Year Rainfall in mm. Year Rainfall 1994 1,415.43 2001 1,281.54 1995 2,080.42 2002 707.15 1996 893.36 2003 1,618.77 1997 1,338.42 2004 1,280.94 1998 1,246.91 2005 1,452.42 1999 1,048.12 2006 1,704.50 2000 1,164.34 2007 1206.31

Source: District statistical Hand Book: 2005

WATER RESOURCES There are three major rivers namely Vasandhara, Mahendranayana and Badanadi, flowing through the district. Water from these three major rivers form the sources of irrigation. The river Vansadhara originates from Lanjigarh area of Kalahandi district and passes through Kashinagar block and flows southwards along the borderline of Gajapati district. The river Mahendratanaya is originating from the Mahendragiri range and flows in the westward direction through Rayagada block and then to southward direction through Gosani block. The river Badanadi flows through western part of Mohona block.

FOREST RESOURCES

The total forest area of the district is 2,301.98 sq. km. Out of which 437.52 sq. km is reserve forest. Timber, bamboo, hill broom, Patala garuda, soap nut, B. kaliakhali, marsinga leaf, dhatuki flowers, kochila seeds, genduli gum, siali leaves and kathalai etc forms the major forest products of the district. MINERAL RESOURCES

11 The granite decorative stones found in some part of Parlakhemundi are the mineral resources available in the district.

LAND USE PATTERN

Table given below provides the details of land utilization in the district. Out of the total geographical area of 432500 ha, the land available for agriculture is nearly 77335 ha. The forest land constitutes 68785 ha and barren and uncultivable waste 119718 ha. Cultivable waste constitutes nearly 3619 ha. The land utilization data of the district reveals a net sown area of 76125 ha and 46322 ha as area sown more than once. It observed some positive trends in the land use pattern in the district during the few years. The net sown area of the district increased from 65075 in 2002 to 46322 ha in 2007. Similarly the area sown more than once also increased from 30327 ha in 2002 to 46322 ha in 2008. LAND USE PATTERN Table given below provides the details of land utilization in the district. Out of the total geographical area of 432500 ha, the land available for agriculture is nearly 77335 ha. The forest land constitutes 68785 ha and barren and uncultivable waste 119718 ha. Cultivable waste constitutes nearly 3619 ha. The land utilization data of the district reveals a net sown area of 76125 ha and 46322 ha as area sown more than once. It observed some positive trends in the land use pattern in the district during the few years. The net sown area of the district increased from 65075 in 2002 to 46322 ha in 2007. Similarly the area sown more than once also increased from 30327 ha in 2002 to 46322 ha in 2008. Table 2: Land use pattern in the district Heads of 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 classification( ha) Total Geographical Area 432500 432500 432500 432500 432500 432500 (Ha) Forests ( Ha) 68785 68785 68785 68785 68785 68785 Land put in non 10815 10815 10815 10815 11514 11514 agricultural use( Ha) Barren and uncultivable 110609 110609 110609 110609 119718 119718 land( Ha) Permanent pastures and 8336 8336 8336 8336 11990 11990 other gazing land Land under 2002 2002 2002 2002 7582 7582 miscellaneous tree corps ( Ha) Cultivable waste( Ha) 2716 2716 2716 2716 3619 3619 Fallow and other than 10515 10515 10515 10515 5327 5327 cultivable land( Ha) Current fallow 12260 12260 3661 1258 680 430 Net sown area 65075 64865 73709 75352 75875 76125 Area sown more than 30327 41180 40730 43852 46128 46322 once Source: District Agriculture Office

DEMOGRAPHIC DETAILS 12 Population The district has a total population of 518,837 which constitutes 1.41 % of the total population of the state. Nearly 90 percent of the population lives in rural areas. Scheduled Tribe population accounts for 50.5 % of the total population and the Scheduled Caste population is nearly 7.5 %. The sex ratio in the district is 1.031 and the density of population of 120. The population growth of the district is found to be 14.5 %. Table 3: Demographic details of the district Particulars Population % to total population

Population (as per 2001 census) 518,837 --- Male 2,55,423 49.2 Female 2,63,414 50.8 Population (URBAN) 52,888 10.2 Male 26,528 5.1 Female 26,360 5.1 Population (RURAL) 4,65,949 89.8 Male 2,28,760 44.1 Female 2,37,189 45.7 Population (S.T) 2, 63,476 50.8 Population (S.C) 38,928 7.5 Other population(General ) 2,16,433 41.7 14.10 Population growth rate Sex ratio 1.031 Density of Population 120 Per Sq. Km.

Source: District Statistical Hand Book: 2005

Demography as per 2001 census

Population Male Female Total Population (District as a whole) 255423 263414 518837 SC Population 18973 19955 38928 ST Population 128679 134797 263476 Other Population 107771 108662 216433 Children (0-6 years) 47189 45497 92686

BLOCK-WISE POPULATION (2001 Census)

Name of the Block Population 13 (d) Jain (c) Buddhist (b) Christian Minorities Minorities OC ST Population PopulationSC a as whole) (District Population Population a as whole) Total (District Rural Population PopulationUrban Population R.Udayagiri Rayagada Nuagada Mohana Kashinagar Gumma Gosani Urban-Rural populationUrban-Rural Minorities Break Minorities up (a) Muslim Total SC/ST, OCs and OCs Minorities SC/ST, and 12 13 18 14 32 12 19 21 9 GPsNo. of 162 252 225 185 500 102 220 136

0 VillagesNo. of 1512 255423 228760 26528 Male 235 213 176 474 207 120

87 InhabitedNo. of 177265 173663 177265 216433 263476 38928 518837 Total 1623 1972 108 17 12 26 15 13 16 7 263414 237189 26360 Female

9 Un inhabitedNo. of 10030 11298 14275 23809 11148 14067 16432 9277 HouseholdNo. of 465949 52888 Total 518837 6 22886 27791 30990 22619 57378 23884 31491 34709 Male 2 23708 27651 33053 23981 58492 24458 33859 35593 Female 7 46594 55442 64043 46600 11587 48342 65350 70302 Total 9 0 14 Abstract Total Percent Name of Any Total Christi Muslim Ja age Sl. Block/Mu Bud other Total Popula an Populati in No nispalty/N hist Mino (4+5+6+7+8) tion Populat on s AC rity ion 1 Gumma 65350 52708 0 0 0 0 52708 80.654 2 Rayagada 64043 12987 0 0 0 0 12987 20.27 3 Mohana 115870 52323 122 0 1972 0 64417 45.156 4 R.Udayagir 55442 11411 120 0 0 0 11531 20.79 i 5 Gosani 70302 3164 0 0 0 0 3164 4.50 6 Kasinagar 48342 10294 0 0 0 0 10394 21.5 7 Nuagada 46600 30090 0 0 0 0 30090 64.57 8 Municipalit 43097 506 1328 7 0 0 1841 4.27 y 9 NAC.Kasi 9791 180 53 0 0 0 233 2.37 nagar Total of 518837 173663 1623 7 1972 0 177265 33.78 Gajapati

Working Population Population Male Female Total Population (District as a whole) 255423 263414 518837 No. of workers 144552 130989 275534 Employed (Main workers) 116456 63536 179992 Semi employed Cultivators 49565 27030 76595 Agricultural laborer 30278 24823 55101 Workers in household industries 2382 1337 3719 Workers in other than household industries 34231 10346 44577 Marginal workers 28096 67446 95542 Marginal cultivators 4548 8979 13527 Marginal agricultural laborers 18678 50741 69419 Marginal workers in household industries 483 1544 2027 Marginal workers in other than household 4387 6182 10569 Industries Unemployed 110871 132432 243303

15 Literacy and Education The literacy level in the district is very low. The present literacy rate of the district is 41.73 %.There exist wide variations in literacy level among various population categories. The female literacy is only 28.2% where as male literacy is 54.71%. Wide variation is visible in the literacy rates in urban and rural areas also. The urban literacy is nearly 71.11 % while rural literacy is only 37.59%. The literacy rate of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes were 21.74% and 15.88 per cent respectively. Table given below provides the details of literacy in the district. Table 4: Literacy level of the district Literacy Population Percentage Total Literates 1,75,850 41.26 Literacy rate (Male) 1,13,924 54.71 Literacy rate (Female) 61,926 28.42 Literacy rate (Uraban) 33,198 71.11 Literacy rate ( Urban Male) 18,937 81.16 Literacy rate ( Urban Female) 14,261 61.06 Rural 1,42,652 37.59 Male 94,987 51.37 Female 47,665 24.50 Literacy rate (SC) -- 21.74 Literacy rate (SC Male) - 33.44 Literacy rate (SC Female) - 10.14 Literacy rate (ST) - 15.8 Literacy rate (ST Male) - 25.66 Literacy rate ( ST Female) - 6.75 Source: District Statistical Handbook:2005. Human Development Report, Orissa-2004

16 Work Participation

The district has a total workforce of 276,000. The total workforce constitutes nearly 54 % of the total population of the district. Nearly 87 % of the workforce is engaged in agriculture sector. Industrial workers constitute a very small proportion of 2.31 percent. Out of the total work force 50.2 percent are cultivators, 35.39 percent are agricultural labourers, and nearly 8.73 percent in trade, commerce, mining and other than household activities. Only 5.6 % of the work force is engaged in services sector.

Table 5: Occupational classification of total workers in the district: 2006-07 Types of workers Number of workers Total Workers 275534 Marginal workers 95542 Main workers 179992 Cultivators 76595 Agricultural labourers 55101 Industrial workers 3719 Other workers 44577 Work participation Rate (WPR) 53.18 Work Participation Rate( Rural) 55.32 WPR ( Urban) 34.31 WPR( Female) 49.8 WPR ( Male) 56.6 Source: Orissa Agricultural Statistics: 2006-07, Human Development Report, Orissa:2004

AGRICULTURE IN THE DISTRICT AGRICULTURE & ALLIED Sl. Crops 2006-07 No. Area Yield Production SECTOR (000Ha (Kg/Ha (000MT) 1 Total cereals 61.42 1505 92.45 2 Rice 38.56 --- 69.07 3 Total pulses 30.68 568 17.42 4 Total food 92.10 1193 109.87 grains 5 Total oil seeds 17.08 470 8.03 17 6 Total fibers 0.72 444 1.88 7 Total 18.17 11434 207.76 vegetables Source: Orissa Agricultural Statistics: 2006-07 Agriculture forms the major economic activity of the people in the district. The soil type and climate is suitable for both horticulture and agriculture crops. The major crops in the district consist of paddy (38560 Ha), Pulses (30680 Ha), Oilseeds (17080 Ha), Sugarcane and Cotton. As on 2006-07 the total food grain production in the district was 109870 MT. The cereals production consists of 92450 MT. The total pulses produced in the district were 17420 MT. Paddy is one of the major cereal crops in the district. The total area under paddy constitutes nearly 38560Ha with a production of 69070 MT (2006-07).

Table 6: Key indicators for agriculture in the district

Sl No Area in 000 ha Gajapati Orissa 1 Geographical area (000Ha) 433 1557 2 Cultivated area 76 6180 3 Net area sown 76 5654 4 Gross cropped area 142.25 8960.35 5 Kharif cropped area 84.65 6135.87 6 Rabi cropped area 46.84 2487.62 7 Cropping intensity 186 158 8 Net irrigated area 23.24 2001 9 Gross irrigated area 31.35 31.49 10 Kharif paddy coverage 37.96 4135.72 11 Fruit 9.76 336.86 12 Total cropped area 131.49 8623.49 13 Fertiliser consumption kg/ha 40 47 Source: Orissa Agricultural Statistics: 2006-07

18 Table 7: Area, Yield and Production of Major crops in Gajapati district (A=Area in 000 ha, Y =Yield in Kg. /ha, P=Productionin’000 MTs)

Sl. Principal 2006-07 NO. Crops A Y P 1 Paddy 38.56 2673 69.07 2 Wheat 0.04 1800 0.07 3 Maize 8.60 1412 12.14 4 Ragi 10.18 870 8.86 5 Jowar 2.08 600 1.25 6 Bazaar 0.72 610 0.44 7 Small millets 1.24 500 0.62 8 Mung 6.75 541 3.65 9 Biri 10.69 546 5.84 10 Kulthi 4.36 400 1.74 11 Cowpea 3.15 568 1.79 12 Arhar 4.35 800 3.48 13 Gram 0.07 555 0.04 14 Fielopea 0.37 725 0.27 15 Other pulses 0.94 650 0.61 16 Ground nuts 1.63 1294 2.11 17 Sesamum 7.57 244 1.85 18 Caster 0.84 595 0.50 19 Sunflower 0.89 685 0.61 20 Niger 4.85 487 2.36 21 Mustard 1.30 465 0.60 22 Mesta 0.22 760 0.93 23 Sunhemp 0.04 520 0.12 24 Cotton 0.46 306 0.83 25 Sweet potato 2.43 8313 20.20 26 Onion 0.28 8464 2.37 27 Other vegetables 15.46 11978 185.18 28 Chilies 1.81 851 1.54 29 Coriander 0.09 778 0.07 30 Garlic 0.07 3000 0.21 31 Turmeric 0.59 2373 1.40 32 Ginger 0.44 2023 0.89 33 Sugar cane 0.42 82368 34.59 Source: Orissa Agricultural Statistics: 2006-07

19 Livestock Resources

The major livestock resources of the district consist of cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, and poultry etc. Data on livestock resources reveal that the district has 239997 cattle, 24967 buffaloes, 10492 sheep, 122391 goats, 17039 piggery and 359781 poultry. A large share of the cattle and buffaloes population is indigenous. The Cross breed cattle and buffalo constitute only 4.5% and 3.2 % respectively. Table given below provides the details of the livestock resources in the district.

Table 8: Livestock resources in the district Livestock resources Indigenous Cross Breed Total Cattle Population 229101 10896 239997 Buffaloes 24168 801 24967 Sheep NA NA 10492 Goat NA NA 122391 Piggery NA NA 17039 Poultry NA Na 359781 Source: District statistical Hand Book: 2005, www.gajapati.nic.in, Department of Animal Husbandry

Table 9 : Milk, meat and egg production in the district( 2004) Sl No Quantity in MT Total Milk 12010 production Meat 631720 Production Sheep 124901 INDUSTRIAL SCENARIO OF THE DISTRICT Goat 444631 Investme Empl Pig 62188 Category of No. of nt (in oyme Egg 103.26( Lakh Industry Units lakh) nt production numbers) Source: District statistical Food and allied 181 590.00 1350 Hand Book: 2005 Chemical and allied 4 16.25 25 Engineering and Metal 29 110.50 220 Electrical and INDUSTRY 6 20.00 46 Electronics Except a few agro- Textiles 11 14.75 85 Paper and Paper processing industries, there 4 11.50 30 Products is no industry and industrial Plastic and Rubber 5 15.00 40 estate in this district. Glass and Ceramic 5 27.25 75 Repairing and 550 However some activities of 80 250.00 Servicing Miscellaneous 250 20 19 104.75 Industries T O T A L 344 1160.00 2671 Source: District Industries Center Gajapati cottage industries like Horn work, Jaikhadi bag, Cane and Bamboo, Ganjappa Card and Pattachitra Mukha, Tibetan and Woolen Carpet, Broom work and Siali leaf plate making find some place in the industrial sector of the district. The current employment in industrial sector is also very low, small scale and household industry constitutes 2.31%, construction 0.5%, and rural artisans at 0.77% of the population. In order to achieve gainful employment to all, we have to assess the potential for various sector including agriculture, small scale industries, and IT Tourism and services, for providing employment. One of the major challenges before the district during the coming years is to expand the employment opportunities for the growing unemployed and raising their living standard.

DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION The data on availability of drinking water and sanitation reveals that nearly 121 villages are not have access to safe drinking water. The district has nearly 1033 sanitary wells, and 2293 tube wells. Table given below provides the details of accessibility to safe drinking water and sanitation in the district. Still a large number of villages and households are still not accessed to sanitation and drinking water facilities.

21 Table 10: Accessibility to safe drinking water and sanitation facilities in the district Sl.N Name of the Blocks o Particular Gum Kash Moha Nuagad Gosan R.Udya Ra Total ma inag na a i giri yag ar ada 1 No/of Villages /Hamlets having no 121 source of safe 20 8 24 24 2 14 29 drinking water facilities 2 No. of working Tube 324 321 729 124 407 190 198 2293 wells 3 No. of Villages 117 83 402 44 122 150 69 987 covered 4 No. of working 165 20 144 258 27 171 248 1033 sanitary wells 5 No. of villages 83 11 74 107 12 88 126 501 covered 6 No. of piped water 1 3 4 -- 9 2 1 20 projects 7 No. of villages 1 4 4 -- 17 2 1 29 covered Source: District statistical Hand Book: 2005

TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION The district has a total road length of 5895 kilometers. This consists of state high way (250 km), district roads (105 km), forest roads (107 km), village and Grama Panchayat roads (5033 km). Paralakhemundi town is situated on the axis of State Highway No.17 connecting Berhampur at one end and Gunupur and Rayagada on the other. Berhampur is situated at 120 KM from this place and other urban nuclei like Gunupur and Rayagada are distanced at 60 & 120 KMs respectively. respectively. The nearest National Highway (N.H–5) junction is at around 40 KMs. from this place. There is a narrow gauge railway line (called Naupada- Gunupur Rail line) running through this town. The work of conversion to broad gauge is going on. The state highway is of 151 km. long with 66 km. long major district road, 4253 km. of grama panchayats road and 440 km of village road till 1998-99. The district is having one head post office, 18 numbers of sub-post offices, and 130 branch offices with a total numbers of 146 post offices. It is having 50 km. of narrow gauge single lined railway line with seven railway stations. Table 11: Length of Different Categories of Roads in Gajapati District (In km)

Sl.No. Categories Of Road 2001-02 2002-03 2003-04 1 State Highway 250 - 250 2 Major District Roads 66 -- 66 22 3 Other District Roads 39 -- 39 4 Forest Roads 107 -- 107 5 Gram panchayat Roads 4253 4253 4253 6 Classified Village Roads 37 38 -- 7 P.S.Roads 3014 301 301 8 Village Roads 441 441 479 9 Urban Roads 144 -- Na

Source: District statistical Hand Book: 2005

HEALTH AND MEDICAL FACILITIES The health facilities in the district consist of district hospital (1), Ayurvedic Hospital and dispensaries (2), primary health centers (20) and one TB Center. The district hospital has the facilities for out patient and in patient treatments. Along with modern medicine, there are also facilities for Ayurvedic and Homeopathic treatment. The table given below provides information with regard to the medical facilities in the district. Table 12: Hospitals and Clinics in the district

No.of Hospital 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 District Hospital 1 1 1 1 1 1 No.of PHCs 3 3 3 3 3 3 AH & Dispensaries 2 2 2 2 2 2 District. TB Center 1 1 1 1 1 1 Grant in Aid- 0 0 0 0 0 0 Institutions Leprosy 1 1 1 1 1 1 Community Health 4 4 4 4 4 4 Centers PHC (N) & MHU 20 20 20 20 20 20 Total 32 32 32 32 32 32 Source: District statistical Hand Book: 2005, Department of Health and Family Welfare

4. CHAPTER-IV - Social Sector

Educational Attainments

23 As per the 2001 census, the literacy rate is 29.37 % and during 2008, it has been increased to 41% out of which the male literacy rate is 55.14 % and female literacy is 28.91%. The total educational aspects are being looked after under the DPEP & SSA by the Education Department and the SC & ST Department. As per the validated and updated Child Tracking Systems (CTS) 2007 database, the total out of school children (all category) within the age group(5-14) years of the district is 10,516, out of which there are 4616 nos. of minority out of school children who are directly deprived of Education. The district has a population of 5, 18,837, out of which 1, 77,265 nos. are Christian and 376 nos. are Muslims. The percentage of minority is 33.78%. In blocks like Gumma, Nuagada and Mohana, the percentage of minority is more than 50%. This action plan for minority is mainly focusing on the blocks where the numbers of minority children are high. The detail block-wise and category-wise breakup, where minority students are high against the total child population within the age group (5-14) years of the district, has been reflected in Annexure-A. The percentage of out of school children of the district against the total child population of 1, 03,099 is 9.80 % (All category), whereas the percentage of out of school children (minority) only is 22.33 %. There are remote and inaccessible pockets where opening of regular schools are not feasible. To achieve the super goal of Multi Sectoral Development Action Plan for the minorities of Gajapati, education plays an important role for their overall development and progress. Providing educational facilities through Model Residential Schools at different block headquarters is highly essential. On priority basis, we have proposed to take up four blocks namely, Mohana, Gumma, Nuagada and R. Udayagiri, where large numbers of minorities live The objective of the plan is to address the problems of the children living in remote and scattered school- less habitations; those who are below poverty line and those who could not receive any proper educational facility. (i) Educational Institution including technical institution. Number of Govt. College : 02 Number of Pvt.Women’s College : 01 Number of Pvt. College : 08 Number of Medical College : Nil Number of Pvt. ITI Centres : 02 Number of Vocational Institutes : 01 Number of Pvt. Engineering College : 01

(ii)Number of High Schools in Gajapati Revenue District. Boys Girls Total 1. Govt. High Schools. 13 01 14 2. New Govt. High Schools. 12 -- 12 24 3. Aided High Schools. 01 01 02 4. Block Grant (Partly Aided High 05 -- 05 Schools) 5. Un-Aided Recognized High 09 02 11 Schools. 6. High Schools managed by 01 -- 01 Paralakhemundi Municipality. 7. Aurobindo Integral Education 01 -- 01 Center. 8. Saraswati Vidya Mandir 01 -- 01 9. T.R.W. High Schools. 07 04 11 10. Permitted/ Unrecognized 07 -- 07 High Schools. 11. Jawahar Navodya Vidyalya. 01 -- 01 12. Sanskrit College. 01 -- 01 59 08 67

Health & Family Welfare

The focus on health sector has always been on improved access to health care. Both the Central and the State Govt. are making constant endeavours to provide adequate quantative and qualitative health care. The table indicated below shows the status of health in the Gajapati District. Table (i) Population of (0-6) years : 92686 Male : 47189 Female : 45497 Crude Birth Rate : 19.44 % Crude Death Rate : 6.75% Infant Mortality Rate : 55/1000 Live Birth Total Infant death during the year 2006-07 : 263 Total Maternal Death during 2006-07 : 23 Maternal Mortality rate : 339/10000 Live expectancy at birth : 63 Couple protection rate : 44% of eligible couple

Table (ii)

The table indicates the health centers of the Districts.

No. of District Hospital : 01 No. of Community Health Centre : 03 No. of up-graded Primary Health Centre : 01 No. of Primary Health Centre (New) : 18 25 Mobile Health Unit : 02 No. of Sub Centre : 136 No. of Homeopathic Dispensary : 04 No. of Ayurvedic Dispensary : 03 No. of Doctors sanctioned : 70 Doctors in position : 51 Doctors vacant : 19 Total nos. of bed in Hospital/PHC/CHC : 259

In order to provide common minimum health care facilities to the tribal and the people belonging to the minority communities, and people inhabiting in the inaccessible areas, the district administration has given more emphasis to reduce IMR, MMR etc. Infrastructure of Social Welfare (ICDS)  ICDS is functioning in all the Blocks of this DISTRICT TRIBAL EDUCATION SOCIETY  At present 755 AWC are functioning in the District including Additional AWC and 492 Mini AWC  124 nos of AWC are without buildings in this District. AWC Mini AWC Block Existing Additional Total Existing Additional Total 1. Gumma 93 12 105 30 31 61 2. Rayagada 92 01 93 61 63 124 3. R.Udayagiri68 20 88 12 - 12 4. Nuagada 71 01 72 97 8 125 5. Mohana 120 88 208 118 10 128 6. Kasinagar 66 - 66 - 38 38 7. Gosani 121 02 123 - 24 24 This District has proposed to construct 47 nos of AWC in Mohana Block and one AWC in Gosani Block for 2008-09. Similarly 103 nos of Mini AWC have been taken up for construction. The Block Wise Detail Estimate has been annexed in the Priority Action Plan.

5. CHAPTER-V - Livelihood

AGRICULTURE & ALLIED ACTIVITIES

(b) Natural Resource base: Land & its Quality The major part of the district has hilly terrains and undulated topography, which is inhabited by the tribal. The soil quality is alluvial, brown; land laterites, clay loam, sandy loam and red soil. The geographical formation of the district is Alluvial, brown land Laterites, Gondowanas, Newer Dolerites and Archon, comprising igneous and metamorphic rocks.

Land Use Pattern 26 Paddy is the main crop in the Kharif season. Besides Paddy, other major crops grown are Maize, Cotton, Sugarcane and vegetables. In the Rabi season, pulses, oilseeds like groundnut, sunflower, Niger and vegetables are cultivated in the Irrigated pockets. Areas under principal crops cultivated are shown below. Sl. Name of the Crops Area cultivated (In ha.) No In Kharif In Rabi 1 Paddy 29018 684 2 Ragi 9060 1117 3 Maize 8437 156 4 Pulses 10911 19792 5 Oilseeds 4118 12949 6 Cotton 460 0 7 Sugarcane 450 416 8 Vegetables 6867 10062 9 Spices 2298 1232 Total 75919 46449 : Land use pattern in the district Heads of 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 classification( ha)

Total Geographical 432500 432500 432500 432500 432500 432500 Area (Ha)

Forests ( Ha) 68785 68785 68785 68785 68785 68785

Land put in non 10815 10815 10815 10815 11514 11514 agricultural use( Ha)

Barren and 110609 110609 110609 110609 119718 119718 uncultivable land( Ha)

Permanent pastures 8336 8336 8336 8336 11990 11990 and other gazing land

Land under 2002 2002 2002 2002 7582 7582 miscellaneous tree corps ( Ha)

Cultivable waste( Ha) 2716 2716 2716 2716 3619 3619

Fallow and other than 10515 10515 10515 10515 5327 5327 cultivable land( Ha)

Current fallow 12260 12260 3661 1258 680 430

Net sown area 65075 64865 73709 75352 75875 76125

Area sown more than 30327 41180 40730 43852 46128 46322 27 once Source: District Agriculture Office

Horticulture

The soil and climate is suitable for plantation and there is a great potential for horticulture development in the district. More than 60% of lands are situated in hilly terrain, which has been treated as high lands, mainly suited for horticulture plantation, and rest of the cultivable land belongs to the category of medium lands and low lands Livestock

Traditionally the chores related to care and management of livestock, in livestock owning households is shared between the man and woman in the family. Milking of milch animals, grazing of animals in commons or forests, movement of animals to market and handling of animals for A.I or health camps are the chores for men while women attend to fowls, pigs, goats, stall feeding of animals and cleaning. Next to crop production, animal husbandry is the most important income generating activity that supports livelihood. Household incomes from different species of livestock and their produces vary with the species farmed, but add up to more then 30% of the total income. Regarding milk production, the GGGMU Berhampur plays a vital role. It has established many numbers of MPCS in this district and they are providing interest free dairy loans to the pouring members of the society.

Under different anti-poverty programmes, different banks of this district are supplying dairy animals, goats, poultry and bullocks to the needy tribal farmers.

In Gajapati district, there are 10 veterinary dispensaries, one veterinary hospital and one KV block. Out of 10 VDs, 6VDs are doing AI activities including KV block at Paralakhemundi. There are 47 LACs functioning in the district, out of which 35 LACs have Livestock Inspectors and the rest LACs are vacant. 23 LACs are doing AI activities and rest are normal LACs. In most of the VD, this has not been repaired since many years and some LAC buildings are also in defunct condition, which require immediate repair.

Generally in a Veterinary Dispensary, all the animal husbandry activities are done, like AI Treatment, Castration, Vaccination, De-worming Health camps, Fodder Raising. Other AH activities are carried on along with the above mentioned animal husbandry activities. Under VD, LACs are functioning and they are performing AH activities by giving door-to-door

28 services to the farmers in the rural areas. Livestock Inspector s serve as the grass root level workers. Livestock resources in the district Livestock resources Indigenous Cross Breed Total

Cattle Population 229101 10896 239997

Buffaloes 24168 801 24967

Sheep NA NA 10492

Goat NA NA 122391

Piggery NA NA 17039

Poultry NA Na 359781

Source: District statistical Hand Book: 2005, www.gajapati.nic.in,

Department of Animal Husbandry Milk, meat and egg production in the district( 2004) Sl No Quantity in MT

Total Milk production 12010

Meat Production 631720

Sheep 124901

Goat 444631

Pig 62188

Egg production 103.26( Lakh numbers) Source: District statistical Hand Book: 2005

Fishery 29

In order to develop the inland water resources and economic status of the fisher Community, a new Fish Farmers Development Agency (FFDA) had been created in the district having its Regd. No. 30/93-94. The Collector, Gajapati is the Chairman of F.F.D.A. It is functioning along with the Departmental office since 8.11.1995.

The ‘Fish Farmers Development Agency’ is included under different schemes. Creation of new water area through excavation of new tanks, conversion of derelict water bodies by renovation, technical guidance to fish farmers through training are the main functions under these schemes. Subsidy for excavation and renovation of tanks with pisciculture and stipend for under-going training under F.F.D.A. is provided through this scheme to the beneficiaries.

Forest

The total forest area is of 2,301.98 sq. km of which of 437.52 sq. km is reserve forest. The major forest products are Timber, Bamboo, Hill Broom, Patala Garuda, Soap nut, B. Kaliakhali, Marsinga leaf, Dhatuki flowers, Kochila seeds, Genduli gum, Siali leaves and Kathalai etc.

Paralakhemundi Forest Division extends over entire Gajapati District and part of Ganjam District. Hence the geographical area of Gajapati District is same as the District area i.e. 3,850 Sq.Km. The Paralakhemundi Forest Division consists of 7 ranges i.e. Devagiri, Ramagiri, Kashinagar, Mohendra, R.Udayagiri, Mohana and Chandragiri.The forests In Paralakhemundi Forest division has one of the richest harvests in flora and fauna. This Division is situated in the border of the neighbouring state Andhra Pradesh. It has excessive biotic pressure and is also very prone to theft of timber and fire woods. Most of the forests are not being depleted and degraded for which special care and special efforts need be made for replenishment of the same at the earliest.

This Division also includes some famous historical places such as Mohendragiri, Taptapani, and Gondahati etc. which are also being maintained for posterity.

The World famous Lakhari Valley has been declared as wildlife elephant sanctuary during the year 1985, which needs special attention for restoration to its original form.

Flora and Fauna. 30 Paralakhemundi forests are rich with a wide range of timbers, medicinal plants, herbs, shrubs and a variety of faunal growth. The rich source of animals includes Tiger, Elephant, Sambhar, Spotted Deer, Black buck, Barking Deer etc.

It was proposed to take up the works in Government land/community land with consultation to V.S.S. during 2006-07 under this Division as per priority projects given by DFO detailed in priority action Plan.

MINERAL RESOURCES:  The mountains contain no exploitable mineral of economic value. However, the major economic minerals in the district are granite decorative stones found in some part of the Paralakhemundi Tahasil. Mining activities should be upgraded to the status of manufacturing industry wherein mineral processing up to certain stages could be undertaken in the district itself. The only mining potential in the district is Granite  As most of the granite deposits are located in densely populated tribal habitations, thus there is required to put in place the consideration of ecological balance and displacement of the tribal population while exploiting the mineral resources in the district

WATER RESOURCES: The river Vansadhara and Mahendratanaya are two important rivers of Gajapati district. The river Vansadhara originates from Lanjigarh area of Kalahandi district and passes through Kashinagar block and flows southwards along the borderline of Gajapati district. The river Mahendratanaya has originated from the Mahendragiri range and flows in the westward direction through Rayagada block and then to southward direction through Gosani block. Another river Badanadi flows through western part of Mohana block.

(a) Net Cultivated, Irrigated, Double/Multiple cropped, Cultivable Wasteland, Wasteland and Forest etc. Area in Ha.

Sl. Name of the Net Irrigated Area Double/ Cultivable Barren/ Forest No block Cultivated Kharif Rabi Multiple waste land Uncultivab Area Area crop area le waste land 1 Gosani 12855 9564 2826 12010 797 1544 536 2 Gumma 11620 2731 430 4510 687 14457 9868 3 Kasinagar 13120 5386 1392 10300 17 4795 583 4 Mohana 11710 1306 402 3769 1162 40763 18555 5 Nuagada 6555 1419 558 4588 238 12974 22235 6 R.Udayagiri 10085 1343 507 4843 369 20265 14012 7 Rayagada 9930 1244 710 6503 349 24920 2996 Total 75875 22993 6825 46523 3619 119718 68785

31 6. CHAPTER-VI - Employment Status

(i) Employment in Agriculture

Agriculture plays a vital role in the socio economic development of this district. . Besides paddy, sugar cane, ragi, pulses, oil seeds and cotton are grown to some extent. It provides employment to the labour force apart from other allied activities.

(ii) Employment in Animal Husbandry and Fisheries

Apart from Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Fisheries provide enormous employment scope to the rural people. Rearing of animals like goats, sheeps, cows and buffalos etc. are not only the occupation of the poor people, but also these have been their common practice since long. Most of the tribals live on rearing goatery. OMFED has been supporting market linkages in respect of diary and its products. So far as the fishery sector is concerned, the employment ratio is very negligible as the district is surrounded by hilly terrains and mountains. The scope of pisciculture is limited to only two blocks i.e. Gosani & Kasinagar

(iii) Employment in Mining and Forestry based Activities

The district is covered by dense forest, plateau mountains slopes, shoring hill tops. The major forest products are timber, bamboo, hill brooms, siali leafs, kendu leafs and tamarind etc, Most of the tribals depend upon collection and selling the minor forest products in the nearby weekly hats. The above products are the backbone of the tribal people in terms of their daily livelihood. Taking into account this aspect, many SHGs have been formed and assisted under SGSY and SCA to TSP scheme for collection, value addition and marketing at better price. Apart from this, hilly brooms and khalli stitching activities have been given priority by the District Administration. Different basic orientation and skill development trainings are also being imparted to upgrade their skills of production and marketability. The employment in mining is negligible in this district so far. There is not availability of mines in this district. So its role in providing employment is nil.

(iv) Employment in Rural Industries and Other Manufacturing Units

This district is dominated by the primitive tribals surrounded with rural areas. Cashew production and manufacturing is main rural industry in this district. It gives suitable chance of employment in the rural areas. Other industries like jute, dal-processing, stone quarrying, Khalli stitching also provide employment scopes in this district. Similarly, industrial activities in the major forest products, like timber, bamboo, hill brooms, patala-garuda soaps, nut, B.KaliaKhalli, Margosingha leaf, Horn work, joi-khadi bag, cane, Gonjapa card and patta chitro mukha, siali-leaf plate and Tibetan woolen carpets contribute some employment opportunities to the rural poor.

32 Except a few agro-processing units, there is no major industry in this district. However, some activities of cottage industries like Horn work, Jaikhadi bag, Cane & Bamboo work, Ganjappa Card & Pattachitra Mukha, Broom work & Siali leaf plate making and Tibetan Woolen Carpet contributes some place in the cottage industries of the district. Rs. 10.00 lakhs has been programmed for adjustment of subsidy for establishment of 4 nos. of crusher units in the rural areas to meet demand of building materials. The subsidy will be adjusted as per REGP guidelines with the help of banks.

(v) Employment in Services and Other Activities

So far as the service and other activities are concerned, this district lags behind in terms of employment in service sector like roads, railway communications etc. However, the people of this district are getting employment opportunities in infrastructure sectors like water supply, electricity, roads, housing and services through banks with self employment along with training through banks, and the Govt. and Non-Govt. organizations.

(vi) Employment / Unemployment Scenario: Seasonality and Issues

Out of the total population of 518837 (approx), 275534 persons are employed fully and partly which constitutes 53% and 243303 (approx) are unemployed occupying 47%. There are different reasons for employment and seasonality of employment. It is a fact that this is dominated by agriculture. Out of the total geographical area of 3850.00 sq.kms, only about 30% are arable in nature. Under agriculture, the farming community and agriculture labourers get employment for about 2 to 3 months under this sector, rest of the year they remain without work. It happens due to seasonality of agriculture sector. Inadequate storage facility for strong surplus of horticulture and agriculture production, lack of awareness among the farmers is the main reason for seasonal unemployment. The major issues of concern are as follow: -

 Natural calamities by drought, flood and cyclone along with other undesirable consequences.  Inaccessibility.  Lack of marketing of the agricultural products.  Naxal menaces.  Illiteracy and poverty among majority of the tribal people.  Skill-enhancement training in electrical, plumber, fitter, tailoring, DTP etc. should be taken-up to challenge unemployment both in rural as well as urban areas. Migration from the district outside areas and the state should be checked by creating productive assets like providing horticulture farms, forest resources and irrigation potentials to private lands; thereby restoration of jobs can be positively achieved which will increase employment opportunities in the district. Illiteracy is main hindrance in the development and employment generation in the district, basically among the women workforce. This should be reduced to bring them to the mainstream of the society.

33  Creating jobs for rural youth in establishing internet based information kiosks in urban, semi-urban and rural locations in the district. This not only provides self employment opportunities but also to establish much needed IT infrastructure in the district for e-governance to reach the people.

 Tourism will spur opportunities in other business avenues as well, like transportation, hospitality services, retail and mobile markets etc. It also helps in generating employment in small scale services like care hire, tourist guide services, hotels and eateries.

(vii) Migration Pattern

Gajapati is a hilly district having no major industrial establishment. The inhabitants of this district are mainly depending on agriculture and minor forest produces for their livelihood. Since the district is industrially backward, the working class people of the district are in regular habit of going outside of the state at their will and pleasure for better employment and for earning more wages. The migrant workers used to go to Arunanchal Pradesh, Maharashtra, Tamilnadu, Rajasthan, and Andhra Pradesh at any time in the Year and come back as per their own convenience.

34 CHAPTER-VII Physical Infrastructure Potential

(a)Roads

Paralakhemundi town is situated on the axis of State Highway No.17, connecting Berhampur at one end and Gunupur and Rayagada on the other. Berhampur is situated at 120 Kms. from this place and other urban nuclei like Gunupur and Rayagada are distanced at 60 & 120 KMs respectively. The nearest National Highway (N.H–5) junction is at around 40 KMs. from this place. There was a narrow gauge railway line (called Naupada-Gunupur Rail line) running through this town. The work of its conversion to broad gauge is on.

(b) The surface status of Rural Roads in the district is as follows:

Surface condition Details of CD works Total-road ( KM) ( Nos) Name of No of length Non Block roads of RD Sealed Metalling metalling Culverts Bridges Track roads surface Road road surface length 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Gumma 7 66.440 51.353 13.707 1.75 149 3 -

Kasinagar 9 51.700 31.307 17.469 2.351 246 01 -

Mohana 8 84.160 59.719 11.981 12.460 210 05 -

Nuagada 4 40.100 17.94 21.16 1.00 75 02 -

Paralakhemundi 20 70.445 46.148 19.945 4.25 140 04 0.09

Rayagada 10 81.950 61.87 6.14 5.70 162 01 8.00

R Udayagiri 11 82.85 43.270 7.385 27.195 76 05 5.00

69 477.645 311.607 97.787 54.706 1058 21 13.09

35 (b) Banking:-There are about 37 Nationalized Bank as well as Regional, Rural bank Branches in Gajapati District. Out of which, there are 22 commercial Banks and 10 Regional Rural Branches, 4 Cooperative Banks and one OSCARD Bank. The details of Bank Branches are given below.

Sl Name Of the Bank No. of Branches No. 01. Andhra Bank 02 02. Bank Of Baroda 01 03. Canara Bank 01 04. Indian Bank 04 05. Punjab National Bank 02 06. State Bank Of India 06 07. Syndicate Bank 02 08. Union Bank 01 09. United Bank Of India 03 10. Rushikulya Gramya bank 10 11. Berhampur Central Co-op. Bank 04 12. OSCARD Bank 01 TOTAL 37

(C)BLOCK WISE LIST OF BANK BRANCHES (COMMERCIAL, RRB,) IN GAJAPATI DISTRICT

NAME OF THE C E N T R E NAME OF THE BANK CATEGORY OF BLOCK THE BANK Paralakhemundi Andhra Bank Semi urban Paralakhemundi State Bank of India Semi urban Paralakhemundi Rushikulya Gramya Bank Semi urban Garabandha Indian Bank RURAL GOSANI Kharsanda Indian Bank RURAL Labanyagada Punjab National Bank RURAL Gosani United Bank of India RURAL Gurandi Rushikulya Gramya Bank RURAL Uppalada Rushikulya Gramya Bank RURAL Paralakhemundi Andhra Bank Semi urban Paralakhemundi Bank of Baroda Semi urban GUMMA Paralakhemundi Indian Bank Semi urban Gumma State Bank of India RURAL Serango State Bank of India RURAL Paralakhemundi Union Bank of India Semi urban Paralakhemundi Andhra Bank Semi urban Kashinagar Andhra Bank RURAL Paralakhemundi Union Bank of India Semi urban. KASHINAGAR Hadubhangi Rushikulya Gramya Bank RURAL Khandava Rushikulya Gramya Bank RURAL

MOHANA Chandragiri Canara Bank RURAL Chandiput Indian Bank RURAL Alligonda United Bank RURAL Mohana United Bank of India RURAL Mohana Rushikulya Gramya Bank RURAL 36 Adava Rushikulya Gramya Bank RURAL

Saralapadar Punjab National Bank RURAL Nuagada Syndicate Bank RURAL NUAGADA Khajuripada State Bank of India RURAL R.Udayagiri State Bank of India RURAL Rayagada Syndicate Bank RURAL Narayanpur Rushikulya Gramya Bank RURAL RAYAGADA

R.Udayagiri State Bank of India RURAL Mahendragada State Bank of India RURAL R.UDAYAGIRI Cheligada Rushikulya Gramya Bank RURAL Ramagiri Rushikulya Gramya Bank RURAL

(d) COOPERATIVE BANKS:

Name of the Bank Name of the UBB Code BLOCK IN WHICH Branch OPERATING Paralakhemundi 9161012 Gosani, Gumma, Rayagada Berhampur Kashinagar 9161008 Kashinagar Co-Operative R. Udayagiri 9161016 R.Udayagiri Central Bank Limited. MAHILA, PKD -- All the Seven Blocks in the OSCARD Bank Paralakhemundi 8404101 Gajapati Dist.

37 CHAPTER-VIII

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. Gajapati District is a Naxal infested district. This Plan has been prepared with the objective to bridge the critical gaps in implementation of developmental Schemes and Programme between what has been done and what should have been done, or what should be done as well as highlighting additional requirements to ensure synergy in the development process of the district.

2. Steps have been taken to prepare the perspective district plan so as to enable some of the comparatively backward tribal areas to come up to the state/national level status of achievements.

3. Some key Livelihood Sectors like Health ,Drinking water, Social Welfare and Connectivity programmes have been identified to earmark sustainable economic growth of the minorities.

4. Under Skill Development Programme, efforts will be made to involve participation of PRI members, NGOs and block officials in developmental activities. An inventory of such groups especially from vulnerable segments of the society will be initiated to meet their specific training needs under the existing schemes.

5. This district has rich horticulture potential. The climate is suitable for cultivation of Orange, Mango, Pineapple, K-Lime, Guava, Turmeric, Casuarinas etc. Individual and group financing under existing schemes/programmes such as NHM, SGSY, PMRY, special self-employment programmes of ITDA, OTELP (Orissa Tribal Empowerment and Livelihoods Programme) REGP will be dovetailed to take up large scale cultivation. A proposal is afoot to set up a juice factory at Mandalsahi of Rayagada tribal block and ORMAS has volunteered to take care of marketing.

6. While according priority to connectivity sector, aspects of security, growth centers, marketing facilities, education and health centers have been taken into consideration. The provision of access entitlements of rural minorities will enable them to market their produce in remunerative price and thereby encourage them to abandon Poddu cultivation.

7. Irrigation being another lead sector, it will be given due emphasis to exploit ground and surface water potential through Check Dam, Minor Irrigation Projects and Water Harvesting Structures/Diversion Weirs etc.

8. Availability of safe drinking water is an acute problem in rural areas as most of the villages are located in hill-top slopes where people mostly depend on sanitary wells and traditional water sources like springs and hill streams chuas/nallahs. In certain areas, sinking of tube well is difficult due to inaccessibility and non-availability of ground water. In order to provide safe drinking water due care has been given to cover maximum number of villages under rural pipe water supply scheme mostly through gravity flow water supply and tube wells. 38 9. The Minor Irrigation projects constructed during the pre-independence period by the Maharaja of Paralakhemundi have for the present 1767.76 hects. Command area. Most of the projects have irrigation potential but due to lack of maintenance, the effective irrigation area is gradually reducing. It is, therefore, proposed to restore and renovate the resources to stabilize irrigation to the tail and ayacut area by bridging the critical gap under Perspective Plan for which MIPs have been programmed to be renovated and maintained.

10. Investment in irrigation sector will ensure Pisciculture, Horticulture and Agriculture in the proposed ayacut areas and will boost progressive and sustainable development. Perennial sources in hilly regions will be tapped on priority basis and thereby the surrounding wasteland will be reclaimed.

39 PART II

FIVE YEAR ACTION PLAN FOR MSD