Joj;Fo Ljsf; ; Jfk Bfos ;+:Yfsf Zt Sf A'fbfx? (TOR)

Nf3'pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -d]8]k_

NEP/08/006

Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfsf] zt{sf a'Fbfx? (TOR) efu sM zt{sf a'Fbfx? cfjZos ;]jfsf] zLif{s M lhNnfdf glthfd''vL n3'pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog

!=! k[i7e"ld / cf}lrTo

1 Nf3'pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd -d]8]k_ AusAID,CIDA / UNDP sf] ;xof]udf g]kfn ;/sf/af6 ;~rflnt 5 h;sf] d"n p2]Zo n3'pBd ljsf; k| j4{gåf/f u/La ju{sf] cfo:t/ j[l4 u/L pgLx?sf] hLljsf]kfh{gdf ;xof]u k'¥ofpg' xf] . of] sfo{qmd #^ lhNnfx?2df u/LaLsf] /]vfd'lg /x]sf] clt ljkGg ju{ ljz]ifu/L dlxnf, ;fdflhs jlxis/0fdf k/]sf ju{ – blnt, hghflt, wfld{s cNk;+Vos tyf a]/f]huf/ o'jfx?df nlIft 5 . pBf]u dGqfno sfo{qmd nfu' ug]{ d'Vo lgsfo xf] eg] :yfgLo ljsf; dGqfno, jg tyf e"–;+/If0f dGqfno / s[lif tyf ;xsf/L dGqfno sfof{Gjog ug]{ ;xlgsfox? x''g\ . lhNnf:t/df o;sf] sfof{Gjog lhNnf pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;ldltn] ub{5 h;sf] cWoIftf lhNnf ljsf; ;ldltsf cWoIfn]] ug]{ k|fjwfg 5 h:fdf lhNnf:t/Lo ljleGg ljifout ;/sf/L lgsfox? / u}/;/sf/L ;

1! n3''pBd eGgfn] b]xfosf zt{ k""/f u/]sf] Joj;fo ;Demg'kb{5 . 3/hUufafx]s a9Ldf @ nfv ?k}Fof;Dd l:y/ k''FhL nufgL x'g], pBdL :jo+ Joj:yfkgdf ;+nUg, pBdL;d]t ( hgf;Dd sfdbf/ /x]sf], aflif{s cfly{s sf/f]af/ @) nfv ?k}ofFeGbf sd /x]sf] / Ol~hg, pks/0f k|of]u x'g] ePdf To:tf] Ol~hg jf pks/0fsf] ljB't df]6/ jf cGo t]n Ol~hg zlQm Ifdtf !) lsnf]jf6eGbf sd ePsf] -cf}Bf]lus P]g @)^*_ 2@ k""jf{~rnM t]x|y'd, pbok'/, ;'g;/L, ;Kt/L, l;/xf, dWodf~rnM l;Gw'kfNrf]s, bf]nvf, /fd]5fk, sfe|], g'jfsf]6, /;'jf, l;Gw'nL, /f}tx6, ;nf{xL, dxf]Q/L, wg'iff . klZrdf~rnM DofUbL, kj{t, afun'ª, gjnk/f;L, slkna:t', dWoklZrdf~rnM h'Dnf, sflnsf]6, Ko'7fg, ?s'd, /f]Nkf, ;Nofg, b}n]v, ;'v]{t, bfª, afFs], alb{of . ;'b""/klZrdf~rnM bfr'{nf, a}t8L, s}nfnL, 88]nw'/f .

1 +:yfsf k|ltlglwx? ;b:o /xg] k|fjwfg 5 . o; ;ldltn] lhNnfdf n3'pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd ;~rfng ub{5 .

!=@ d]8]ksf d'Vo pknlAw tyf l;sfOM laut !@ aif{sf] sfof{Gjogsf] cjlwdf d]8]kn] y'k|} pknlAwx? Pj+ cg'ejx? xfl;n u/]sf] 5 . ljleGg cWoogx?3 Pj+ d]8]ksf] GSIMIS database4 sf] cfwf/df s]xL dxTjk"0f{ pknlAwx? tn k|:t't ul/Psf] 5 .

 %@,$($ JolQmx?nfO{ Nf3'pBdL -^*Ü dlxnf, @@Ü blnt, #^Ü cflbjf;L hghflt / %%Ü o'jf_ tof/ kfg{ ;kmn ePsf] 5 . h;dWo] &^Ü pBdLx? cfˆgf] Joj;fo ;~rfng ul//x]sf 5g\ eg] $Ü n] cGo pBddf ;+nUg /f]huf/sf dfWodaf6 cfocfh{g ul//x]sf 5g\ .

 sfo{qmdn] ^)) hgf Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] pBd ljsf; ;xhstf{ tof/ ul/;s]sf] 5 . pBd ljsf; ;xhstf{, Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jf k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] bIf hgzlQm x''g . pgLx? u'0f:t/Lo Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jf k|bfg ug{;Sg] of]Uo / bIf JolQmsf] ?kdf kl/lrt 5g\ .

 n3''pBdsf] j[l4 Pj+ lbuf]kgfsf] nflu C0fdf kx'Fr, ahf/ ;DaGwdf j[l4nufot pgLx?nfO{ yk lg/Gt/ ;xof]u cfjZos x'G5 .

 @)Ü n3'pBdLx? lgliq|mo cj:yfdf 5g\ . o;sf nflu sfof{Gjog, cg'udg Pj+ k|ltj]bgdf k|fljlws Ifdtf clej[l4sf nflu cGo yk ;xof]usf h?/t kg]{ pNn]v ul/Psf] 5 . n3'pBdLx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L ;]jf k|bfg ug{sf] nflu oL s'/fx? cTofjZos 5g\ .

3# The studies include: i. Impact Assessment of Micro-Enterprise Development Programme.2000, (ii) Micro-Enterprise Development Programme (MEDEP) Phase II, Mid-term Review, 2006. (iii) Phase Out Strategy for MEDEP Phase I and II Districts, (iv) Scoping Study of MEDEP, 2007, (v) Sustainability Study of MEDEP, 2008. (vi) Impact Study of Finance, 2008. 4$ d]8]k @)!) l8;]Da/sf] MIS tYofÍcg'';f/

2 !=# gltd'vL pks/f/÷;Demf}tf / vr{M @)!@ df ul/g] kxn

;g\ @)!@ sf nflu d]8]kn] lhNnfdf n3'pBd ljsf; sfo{qmdsf] nflu glthfd''vL pks/f/sf ;DaGwdf b]xfoadf]lhd /0fgLltx? th'{df u/]sf] 5M

 Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yf, pBdLx?sf] ;+:yf, lhNnf pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;ldlt, ljQLo cGt/dWoZystf{ u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, cGo ;/sf/L lgsfox? Pj+ lghL ;+:yfx?;Fu ;fem]bf/Ldf ul/g] ;xsfo{ Pj+ ;Demf}tfnfO{ a9fjf lbOg]5 . oL ljleGg ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ glthfd''vL sfo{qmd pks/f/ Pj+ pgLx?sf] sfd / lhDd]jf/Lsf] cfwf/df ;Defljt glthf;DaGwL cled'vLs/0f ul/g]5 -tflnsf !_ . k|To]s ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] nflu -tfls{s 9fFrf_ lgdf{0f clt dxTjk""0f{5 x'G5 h'g vfsfdf kl/of]hgfn] cfzf u/]sf glthfx? ;dfj]z x'G5 . o;n] s'g kIfdf cg'udg ug]{ eGg]af/] lgb]{zg lbg;Sb5 .

 tfls{s 9fFrf ljZn]if0fsf] cfwf/df glthf k|flKtsf nflu ;dfof]hg / ;'wf/ ug{'kg]{ s'/fx? lhNnfdf sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ug{ k|lt:kwf{sf] cfwf/df ;Ifd Joj;fo ;]jfk|bfos ; +:yfx? -lghL If]q, lghL kmd{, lghL ;+:yfx?, u}/;/sf/L ; +:yfx?_ sf] 5gf}6

 aflif{s ;Demf}tf, q}dfl;s sfo{of]hgf / ah]6dfkm{t ljz]if ;Lkd"ns ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ cGo lgsfox?l;t glthfd"ns sfo{qmd–pks/f/ / ljQLo Joj:yf

5%/fli6«o of]hgf cfof]un] @)^& df hf/L u/]sf] glthfd'vL cg'udg tyf d"NofÍg lgb]{lzsfn] ;/sf/sf ;j} sfo{qmd, kl/of]hgfx?sf nflu tfls{s 9fFrf cfjZos 5 eGg] s'/f OlËt u/]sf] 5 .

3  lghL If]q -h:t}M Gandaki Bee Concern, Nepal Dairy, FHAN) / ;DalGwt ;/sf/L lgsfo;Fu k|fljlws ;Lk / B2B linkage sf nflu nfut ;fem]bf/L

 pBdLx?sf] cg'udg Pj+ k/fdz{ ;xof]u, ahf/ ;~hfn ljsf;, n}lËs Pj+ ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL ;xefuLd"ns cg'udg / d""NofÍg / cfjZos b]lvPsf cGoIf]qsf nflu n3'pBdLx?sf] ;+:yfl;t nfut ;fem]bf/L kQf nufOg]5 . Tfflnsf ! M lhNnfdf n3'pBd ljsf;sf nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] sfd / lhDd]jf/Lx?M

;/f]sf/jfnf sfd / lhDd]jf/L Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jfk| gofF n3'pBd ;[hgf Pj+ :t/Ggf]lt -d]8]k bfos ;+:yf df]8]nsf kIfx?nfO{ k|of]u ul/g]_ pBdLx?sf] ;+:yf gLlt agfpgdf k|efj kfg]{ (;|f]t ;fwgx? (DMEGA) sf] afF8kmfF8df jsfnt ug]{, ;fj{hlgs÷;fdflhs n]vfk/LIf0f, of]hgf th'{df / cg'udg, lg/Gt/ ;xof]u / k/fdz{ ;]jf, ahf/ k|j4{g / ;~hfnsf] ljsf; lhNnf pBd ljsf; Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jf k|bfg ug]{ ;+:yfsf] sfo{qmd 5gf]6, n3'pBd ljsf; of]hgfnfO{ clGtd? sfof{Gjog ;ldlt k lbg], of]hgf th'{df ug{ pBdLx?sf] ; (DEDPIC) +:yfnfO{ lgb]{zg lbg], ;+o'Qm cg'udg / d""NofÍg, lhNnfdf n3'pBd ljsf;sf nflu gLlt lgb]{zg, pBd ljsf;;DaGwL lhNnfut k|ltj]bg tof/ ljifout ;/sf/ k|fljlws ;]jfx?sf] Joj:yf lgsfox? ljQLo ;+:yfx? ljQLo ;]jfsf] Joj:yf lghL If]q k|fljlws ;Lksf] Joj:yf / a]r]sf] ;fdfg lslglbg] k|Tofe""lt --buy-back guarantee_

!=$ d]8]ksf] ul/ad'vL / ;dfa]zL n3'pBd ljsf; 9fFrf

4 d]8]k df]8]n ul/ad'vL / ;dfa]zL pBdL 5gf}6, sfo{qmddf k| j]zsf k|lqmofx? / pBdL tof/ ug]{ k|lqmofsf ^ ;Defux?df cfwfl/t -tn lbOPsf] tflnsf_ 5 . pBdLx?sf nflu rflxg] cfjZos ;xof]ux?sf] ;fdfGo k|ltlglwTj oL ^ ;Defux?n] ub{5g\ / o;sf] clGtd p2]Zo pBdLx? :jMlge{/ tyf lbuf] x'g' / qmdzM :t/f]Gglt ug'{ xf] .

gLlt jftfj/0f gLlt jftfj/0f lhNnf Ifdtf lhNnf Ifdtf n3'pBd ljsf; : n3'pBd ljsf; : t/f]Ggl pBd ljsf;sf t/f]Ggl nflu ;fdflhs SIYB/MED t kl/rfng Afhf/ t dfkm{t ;Dks{ / pBdlzntf Joj;fo n3'pBdL k/fdz{ k| l;h{gf / k|j4{g fljlws pko'Qm ;Lk ljsf; k|ljlwsf] k|of]u / x:tfGt/0f shf{df kxF'+r @=p2]Zox? o; sfdsf] d'Vo p2]Zo Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfn] d]8]k df]8]n k|of]u u/L n3'pBdLx?sf] ;[hgf Pj+ pBdx? ljsf; ug{] / pBdL ;ª\3, lhNnf pBd ljsf; sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog ;ldlt, ljQLo ;+:yf, ;/sf/L ;+:yf Pj+ lhNnfdf ePsf lghL ; +:yfx?;Fu ;fem]bf/L u/L ul/ad'vL ;dfj]zL n3'pBd ljsf;df of]ubfg k'¥ofpg] /x]sf] 5 . ck]lIft kl/0ffdx?M s_ n3'pBdLx?sf] ;+Vofdf j[lå ePsf] x'g]5 . sfo{/t lhNnfsf nlIft ju{ ljz]ifu/L dlxnf, blnt / k5fl8 kfl/Psf cflbjf;L hghfltx?n] n3'pBd ;~rfng ul//x]sf] x'g]5g\ .

5 v_ sfo{/t lhNnfsf u/Lj dlxnf / k'?if, blnt / hghfltx?n] ;~rfng ul//x]sf] pBd Joj;fosf] pTkfbsTj j9]sf] x'g]5 . u_ lhNnfdf n3'pBdLx?sf] nflu n}lËs ;dfgtf k|jw{g ug{ plrt jftfj/0f sfod ug{ of]ubfg k'u]sf] x'g]5 . ck]lIft pknlJwx s_ u/La Pj+ k5fl8 kfl/Psf ;d"xx?sf] klxrfg ePsf] x'g]5 . v_ nlIft ;d"xx?df pBdlzntf ;Lk k|jå{g ePsf] x'g]5 . -^)Ü dlxnf, #)Ü blnt, $!Ü cflbjf;L hghflt, ^)Ü o'jf / c? u/La Pj+ k5fl8 kfl/Psf ju{_ u_ nlIft ;d"xx?sf] ljQLo ;]jfdf kx'Fr j[lå ePsf] x'g]5 . -^) Ü dlxnf, #)Ü blnt, $!Ü cflbjf;L hghflt, ^)Ü o'jf / c? u/La Pj+ k5fl8 kfl/Psf ju{_ 3_ k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfg ug{] ;+:yf P+j lghL ;+:yfx?sf] ;DjGw Pj+ ;xsfo{jf6 nlIft ;d""xx?sf] pko'Qm k|ljlwx? df kx'Fr j[lå ePsf] x'g]5 . -^)Ü dlxnf, #)Ü blnt, $!Ü cflbjf;L hghflt, ^)Ü o'jf / c? u/La Pj+ k5fl8 kfl/Psf ju{_ ª_ n3'pBdLx?sf] d""No>[ª\vnf stf{x?l;t ;DjGw lj:tf/ ePsf] x'g]5 . r_ dlxnf / k'?ifx?df n3'pBddf cfwfl/t j:t'x? Pj+ ahf/ gLlt ;'wf/sf nflu jsfnt ug{] Ifdtf clej[lå ePsf] x'g]5 .

#=PsLs[t pBd ljsf; /0fgLlt

#=! Kfj{t / DofUbL lhNnfdf cfly{s ko{6sLo kbofqf;Fu} ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t PsLs[t n3'pBd ljsf;sf] wf/0f

6 ;g\ @)!)÷!! Dff ljleGg ;+:yfx?M cGgk""0f{ e6flu/L cfly{s ko{6g ;d''bfo, g]kfn ko{6g af]8{ / 6]«lsª Ph]G6;\ P;f]lzozg ckm g]kfnsf] ;+o'Qm ;fem]bf/Ldf d]8]kn] kj{t / DofUbL lhNnfdf cfly{s kbofqf pTkfbg ljsf; ug]{ of] gd""gf sfo{qmdsf] d'Vo p2]Zo kbofqf ug{]x?n] ug]{ vr{af6 k| fKt cfon] ;d'bfodf ul/jL 36fpg' xf] . ;g\ @)!! Dff ( j6f kbofqf;d""xx? -^)Ü ljb]zL ko{6sx? / $)Ü g]kfnL ko{6sx?_ n] of] dfu{af6 kbofqf u/]sf lyP . of] dfu{df d]8]kn] jg / s[lifdf cfwfl/t pBdx? klg k|jå{g u/]sf] lyof] . d]8]kn] # e}/x]sf / ;+efljt pBdx?sf] klxrfg u/L] yk ljsf; ug]{5 .

Kfo{6g Joj;foM u[xaf; -Home Stay_, ;fd'bflos efG5f 3/, cfjf;, efG5], kykbz{s, b[Zofjnf]sg, vfgf vfg] 7fpF

S[mlifdf cfwfl/tM j]df};dL k|fª\ufl/s t/sf/L, ;'Gtnf / o;jf6 h';, dx, zLtfs] Rofp, /]Gaf] 6«fp6 df5f, df;' / c08fsf] nflu s'v'/fkfng, cf?av8fsf] hfd, ofs k|hgg\ s]Gb|

Jfgdf cfwfl/tM nf]Stf sfuh, sfuhsf ;fdfg, l;:g' kfp8/, cNnf]sf ;fdfg, x:tsnf, afF;sf ;fdfgx? . ;g\ @)!@ df d]8]kn] b]xfosf /0fgLlt ckgfO{;d'bfodf cfwfl/t PsLs[t pBdx? k|j{åg ug]{5 . – lhNnfsf s[lif sfo{fnox? Pj+ lhNnf jg sfof{nox?sf] ;xsfo{df s[lifdf / jgdf cfwfl/t j:t'x? a[xt\ dfqfdf pTkfbgM – :yfgLo / jfXo ahf/sf] dfucg'?k j:t'x?sf] pTkfbgdf ljljwLs/0f – Sm[lifdf cfl>t vfB j:t'x?sf] k|fª\ufl/s k|df0fLs/0f – ahf/ dfusf] cfwf/df a|flG8ª\ / Kofs]lhª\

7 – pTkflbt j:t'x?sf] nflu ahf/ ;~hfnsf] ljsf; – g]kfn ko{6g af]8{, 6]«lsª Ph]06;\ P;f]lzPzg ckm g]kfn / lghL If]qsf] ;xsfo{df cfjf; Ifdtf / ko{6s ;]jfdf ;'wf/ – ;/sf/ / c?;DjGwL ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] ;xsfo{df gofF kxnx?sf] k|jå{g / k|rf/–k|;f/

#=@ ul/ad'vL ;dfa]zL d""No>[ª\vnf ljsf; d]8]kn] !) j6f j:t'x?df &,*#$ n3'pBdLx? k|jå{g ul/;s]sf] 5 / !@,%)) eGbf j9L JolQmx?nfO{ pBdLx?dfkm{t /f]huf/df cfj4 u/]sf] 5 . -tflnsf @_ ;g\ @)!@ df d]8]kn] klZrd, dWoklZrd / ;''b""/klZrdsf lhNnfx?Dff cNnf], ;Nofg / gjnk/f;L lhNnfdf cb'jf, dWoklZrd tyf ;''b""/klZrdsf lhNnfdf lrp/Ldf d""No>[ª\vnf ug{] lhNnfx?df pTkfbgljz]if d""No>[ª\vnf;DjGwL sfo{zfnf uf]i7Lx? cfof]hgf ug]{5 h;df ;/f]sf/jfnfx? Pj+ d""No>[ª\vnf stf{x?aLr u/Lad''vL tyf ;dfj]zL d""No>[ª\vnf;DjGwL sfo{of]hgf Pj+ ;xsfo{x?df ;xdlt h'6fO{ sfo{ ul/g]5 . oL ljlzi6 pkIf]qx?df d""No>[ª\vnf ljsf;;DjGwL /0fgLltx?n] GIZ , HVAP , PACT, APC, FHAAN, lghLIf]q / c? ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fusf] ;fem]bf/L Pj+ ;xsfo{df lgDg If]qsf nflu hf]8 lbOg]5 . c_ n3'pBdLx?l;t n3'ljQ ;+:yfsf] ;DjGw cf_ :yfgLo k|fljlws hgzlQmsf] ljsf; O_ k|ljlwsf] ;'wf/ O{_ j:t' ljljwLs/0f Pj+ u'0f:t/Lo j:t'x? pTkfbg p_ ahf/ ;~hfnsf] ljsf;

8 lhNnfdf sfo{of]hgfdf sfof{Gjog ubf{ ;xefuLd""ns ahf/>[ª\vnf ljlw (PMCAA)6 cjnDag ul/g]]5 .

tflnsf @

d""No>[ª\vnfdf d]8]ksf] pknlJw -@)!) ;fn;Dddf _

qm j:t' Nf3'pBd /f]huf/L kx'Fr += ; L ;+Vof l;h{gf k'u]sf += lhNnf ! cNnf] &*& !!*) @! @ afF;sf] pTkflbt *!$ !$#( @* j:t'x? # Dfx pTkfbg @%&# #**& @( $ lrp/L xj{n ;fj'g !!% @)) !( % 9fsf sk8f ^%% !@$$ @# ^ cb'jf *%% !@!( @$ & cu/jQL !@&@ @#@^ #) * nK;L @## @(( & ( Nff]Stf sfuh !&! #@! !% !) ;'Gtnf #%( %#% !# hDdf &*#$ !@^%)

pBdx?sf] lbuf]kgsf nflu lghLIf]q -h:t} u08sL aLsG;g{ g]kfn, g]kfn 8]/L_, pTkfbg ljz]ifsf ;xsf/Lx? / JolQmut ;fgf pBdLx? -h;n] Joj;fo;DjGwL hf]lvd jxg ug{ ;Sg]_ ;Fu ;dembf/Ldf Business to Business (B2B) ;DjGw k| jå{g ul/g]5 .

6 Horton,D. Facilitating por-poor market chain innovation: An assessment of the participatory market chain approach in Uganda. International Potato Center (IPC), Lima, Peru.2008.46 p. Bernet,T., Thiele,G. and Zschocke,T.2006. Participatory Market Chain Approach (PMCA) User Guide.Lima,Peru. International Potato Center (IPC). (Available at: http://papandina.cip.cgiar.org/fileadmin/PMCA/User-Guide.pdf) Bernet Thomas, Andre Devaux et al. (2008). "The Participatory Market Chain Approach: Stimulating pro-poor market-chain innovation." Institutional Learning and Change,Brief 21.

9 #=# xl/t tyf jftfj/0fd}qL n3'pBdx?sf] k|j4{g k'gMgjLs/0fLo k|fs[lts >f]tx?sf] k|of]u u/L j[xt\ j:t'x? sf] pTkfbg ul/g]5 . h:t} cNnf] olb k|of]u ul/Pg eg] gi6 g} x'G5 . o:tf xl/t pBdx?nfO{ tLg ;d""xdf juL{s/0f ug{ ;lsg]5 .

tflnsf # M xl/t n3'pBdx?sf] d]8]kn] u/]sf tLg a[xt\ juL{s/0fx? q a[xt\ j:t'x? gLlh ;]]jfk| gLlt ljQLo jftfj/0 n}lËs kx'Fr m juL{s If]q bfos ; lgdf{ ;+:yf fl;t ; Pj+ + /0f +:yf 0f DjlG ;fdflh = ug] wt s;dfa] ; { ; zL + +:yf ! k| cNnf pBdL NARC, MoI, lbuf] d'Vo fs[lts ], x?, NAST,RECA MoFSC, pTkf tM ST, Forest MoAC, /]zfh s]/fs pTkfb Research & MoLD, bg / dWo Go f] /]z sx?, ; Survey, MoE v]tLa / ;'b" a:t'x f, Ë7gx DFO, DDC, fnL "/klZ CSIDB, ? afF;s ?, DCSI, rddf f] /]z Joj;flo FNCSI, f, ;'lt s FNCCI, CCI sk8f ;b:ox CFUG, CRT, Global, 9fsf, ?sf Packaging, cflb_ ;Ë7gx Sunworks, ljsf; ?, FTG Nepal, Aofª\s dlxnf, Jofkf/ FHAN x?, o'jf Lx?, jfl0fH tyf lgof{t o lakGg stf{x Aofª\s x?sf

10 ? x?, nflu @ s[lif dx, pBdL NARC,NAST MoI, ljQLo xflgs pko'Q / k| cb'jf, x?, ,RECAST, MoFSC, cGt/ f/s m fli6« Forest MoAC, zf]w nlK;, pTkfb Research & MoLD, dWo: /;fog x'g] o:t/d g / ;'Gtn sx?, ; Survey, MoE ystf{ /lxt f d""N f, Ë7gx DFO, DDC, u}/;/s a:t'x ;DefJ CSIDB, o :ofp, ?, DCSI, f/L ; ? o clea[ b'U Jofj;fl FNCSI, +:yfx l4sf w os FNCCI, CCI ?, C0f a:t'x pTkf ;b:ox CFUG, CRT, tyf Global, ? bgx? ?sf Packaging, art , ;Ë7gx Sunworks, ;/sf/L cflb ?,, FTG Nepal Aofª\s . Jofkf/ x?,, Lx?, g]kfn lgof{t /fi6« sx?, Aofª\s l/hfn 6f;L, g]kfn 8]/L, u08s L aLsG; g{ # s[lifd lrp/L pBdL NARC,NAST MoI, lbuf] d'Vo f , x?, ,RECAST, MoFSC, pTkf tM Forest MoAC, cfwfl/ sfpn pTkfb Research & MoLD, bg / dWo t f], sx?, ; Survey, MoE v]tLa / ;'b" a:t'x cfjZ Ë7gx DFO, DDC, fnL "/klZ CSIDB, ? os ?,, DCSI, rddf t]nx Jofj;fl FNCSI, ? os FNCCI, CCI -s]df ;b:ox CFUG, CRT, Global, ]dfO ?sf Packaging, n, ;Ë7gx Sunworks, d]Gy ?, FTG Nepal,

11 f, Jofkf/ FHAN n]df] Lx?, g u| lgof{t f;, sx? lgd, cflb_

#=$ n}lËs Pj+ ;fdflhs ;dfa]zL n3'pBd ljsf;M d]8]kn] clt ul/j, blnt, hghflt, cflbjf;L dlxnf / o'jfx? nfO{ nlIft u/]sf] 5 hf] e]befj / jl~rtLs/0fdf k/]sf5g\ . d]8]ksf] x/]s ;+efux? PJ+f lqmofsnfkx?df ul/j txsf ^)Ü dlxnf, #)Ü blnt, $)Ü cflbjf;L hghflt / ^)Ü o'jfx? ;d]6\g clgjfo{ 5 -k|To]s lqmofsnfkdf h:Tf} tflnd cjnf]sg e|d0f, gofF k|ljlw, ;femf ;'ljwf s]Gb,| n3'C0f, Jofkfl/s d]nf, k|bz{g cflb_ dlxnf Pj+ jl~rtLs/0fdf k/]sf ju{sf] pBd k|jå{g ug{df of]ubfg k'u]sf] x'g'kb{5 . nlIft ju{sf] klxrfg u/L ;]jf k'¥ofpgsf nflu Jofj;flos ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfx?n] lhNnf pBdL ;d"x ;‹;Fu ;xsfo{ ug]{5g\ .

#=% pBd ljsf;sf nflu n3'shf{df pBdLx?sf] kx'Frdf j[lå

Nf3'pBdLx?sf] nflu cfjZos C0f k'FhLsf] klxrfg ul/G5 / lhNnf pBdL ;d"x ;ª\3sf] ;xsfo{df n3'ljQ ;+:yf, ;xsf/L ; +:yf / ljsf; Aofª\sx? -h:t} ;f+lu|nf lasf; Aofª\s, jfu]Zj/L ljsf; Aofª\s, lsi6 Aofª\s, cflb_ l;t n3'pBdLx?sf] ;DjGw :yflkt ug{] /0fgLlt tof/ ul/g]5 . n3'pBdLx?n] ;xsf/L ;+:Yffdfkm{t u|fdL0f :jfjnDag sf]if÷g]kfn /fi6« Aofª\s / c? ljQLo ;]jf k| bfg ug{] ;+:yf;Fu ;DjGw :yflkt ug{ a9fjf lbOg]5 .

#=^ ahf/sf] dfudf cfwfl/t j:t' pTkfbg / ljljwLs/0f

12 ;g\ @)!@ df d]8]kn] :yfgLo / afXo ahf/ Pj+ pkef]Qmfsf] dfuadf]lhd ;+VofTds, u'0ffTds, a|f08, Kofs]lhª\h:tf s'/fx? nfO{ Vofn u/L ljleGg j:t'x? pTkfbg ug{] /0fgLltdf hf]8 lbOg]5 . h:t}M o;sf] nflu ;Nofg / gjnk/f;Ldf cb'jfsf] d""No>[ª\vnfsf nflu ;+o'Qm sfo{of]hgf x'g;S5 . oL s'/fx? Df]8]ksf] c? xl/t pBdx? -dflysf] tflnsf # df lbOPsf]_ df klg nfu' x'g]5 .

$=ljlw

Gflthf / pknlAw xfl;n ug{sf nflu ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfx?n] dflysf] /0fgLltx? k|of]u u/L y'k|} sfdx? sfof{Gjog ug'{kb{5 . tL lqmofsnfkx? tn JofVof ul/Psf] 5M $=! kl/of]hgfsf] nflu :yfg / ahf/ s]Gb|sf] klxrfg ahf/ s]Gb| / sfo{x? sfof{Gjog ug{] 7fpFsf] 5gf]6, ;|f]t ;DefJotf cWoog / c? o:t} ;DjlGwt cWoogsf] cfwf/df x'g]5 . kl/of]hgf 5gf]6sf cfwf/x? lgDg 5g\ M Sm_ sRrf kbfy{sf] pknAwtf Vf_ :yfgLo k/Dk/fut ;Lk Uf_ ahf/;Fusf] kx'Fr 3_ pBdLx?sf] ;DefJo a:tL ª_ nlIft ju{ ljz]iftM ul/a cj:yfdf /x]sf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L / hghfltx?sf] dfu / ?rL .

$=@ nlIft ju{jf6 ;DjlGwt pBdLx?sf] klxrfgM x/]s JolQmx?df cfkm"leq pBdlzntf n's]sf] x'G5 eGG]f s'/fdf d]8]kn] ljZjf; u/] tfklg ;Defljt pBdLx?sf] klxrfgsf nflu tn lbOPsf a'Fbfx?nfO{ Wofg lbOG5 / clt ul/jLsf] txdf /x]sf jl~rtLs/0fdf k/]sf dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L, hghfltx?dWo] ;Defljt pBdLx? 5flgG5 . s_ ;xeflutfTds u|fdL0f n]vfhf]vfsf] dfWodjf6 ul/j 3/kl/jf/x?sf] klxrfg ug{] .

13 v_ o; sfo{qmdn] tof/ kf/]sf] ;fdflhs / cfly{s ;j{]If0f -kmf/d P_ dfWodåf/f 3/w'/L ;j{]If0f ug{] -u_ 3/w'/L ;e]{dfkm{t k|To]s 3/df a]/f]huf/sf] ;+Vof klxrfg ug{] -kmd{ P_ kZrft\, bf]>f] k|ZgfjnLx? -kmd{ aL / ;L_ k|of]u u/]/ pgLx?sf] z}lIfs cj:yf, 1fg, ;Lk, ?rL, k|fyldstfx?, cfly{s >f]tx?, pBdlzntf;DjGwL 1fg, ;b:otf, cflbaf/] hfgsf/L lnOG5 . -3_ ;xefuLd""ns 5nkmn / ;xefuLx?;Fu ul/g] cGt/lqmofx¿dfkm{t 5gf}6 ul/Psf 3/w'/Lx?af6 ;DefJo pBdLx?sf] 5gf}6 ul/g]5 . -ª_ 8f6fa];df /fVgsf nflu lhNnf pBdL ;d"x ;ª\3nfO{ ;DefJo pBdLx?sf] ljj/0f pknJw u/fpg] .

$=# pBdLx?sf] :yfkgf

-s_ :yfgLo:t/df pTkfbg ug]{ a:t'x?sf] klxrfg . of] k| lqmofcGtu{t Jofkf/Lx?sf] ;e]{If0f -kmd{ aL_ ul/g]5 h;af6 ;DefJo ahf/, Jofkf/Lx?, a:t'x? -;+VofTds / u'0ffTds_ sf] nflu ahf/sf] dfu, cj:yf, cflb . -v_ cfkm\gf] Joj;fo cfkm} z'? u/fF} tflnd k|bfg ug]{ . h:fcGtu{t lgDg laifo / rf/txx? lgwf{/0f ul/Psf] x'G5M ;DefJo pBdLx?sf] tflnd (TPOE), Joa;fo z'?ug]{ pBdLx?sf nflu tflnd -TOSE), e}/x]sf pBdLx?sf] nflu tflnd (TOEE), Joj;fo la:tf/ ug]{ pBdLx?sf] nflu tflnd (TOGE)

cfkm\gf] Joj;fo cfkm} z'? u/fF} tflndsf v'8\lsnf

Joj;fo la:tf/ ug]{ pBdLx? sf] nflu tflnd

14 e}/x]sf Joj;fo pBdLx?sf] ul//x]sf / nflu tflnd Joj;fodf lj:tf/ Joj;fo z'?ug] Joj;fo z'? u/]sf ug{ rfxg] { pBdLx?sf tyf ;~rfng pBdLx? nflu tflnd ul//x]sf pBdLx?

;DefJo Joj;fo ;r]ttf pBdLx?sf] uf]li7af6 jf cGo tflnd tl/sfaf6 5gf]6 Joj;fo ePsf Joj;fo z'? ug{ OR5's, ? ug{ rfxg] rL ePsf pBdLx? JolQmx?

$=$ ;fdflhs kl/rfng, cg'udg / k|fljlws ;xof]uM o;cGtu{t lgDg lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z 5g\M Sm_ lhNnf pBdL ;d"x ;ª\3l;tsf] ;fem]bf/Ldf ;d"x u7g / ;Ë7g lgdf{0f

Vf_ ;xsf/L, n3'ljQLo ;+:yfx?, cfo ljQLo ; +:yfx?;Fusf] ;Dks{dfkm{t ljQLo ;]jfx? k|fKt ug{{ ul/g] ;xof]u

Uf_ lghL If]q, k|fljlws ;]jf k|bfg ug{] lgsfox?;Fusf] ;xsfo{df ;femf ;'ljwf s]Gb| / k|fljlws tflnd s]Gb| dfkm{t pko'Qm k|ljlw ;xof]u ug{]

3_ cfkm\gf] Joj;fo cfkm}+ z'? u/fF}sf] ToEE / ToGE sf] b'O{ jf tLg tflnd k|bfg ug{]

15 ª_ lghLIf]qsf] ;xsfo{df ahf/df kx'Fr / ahf/ ;Dks{ :yfkgf ug{ ;xof]u ug]{

r_ cGo Joj;fo;DjGwL k/fdz{ lbg]

$=% ?U0f pBdLx?nfO{ ;Ifd jgfpg / e}/x]sf pBdLx? sf] :t/f]QGglt ug{sf nflu cfjZos Jofj;flos k/fdz{ / k| fljlws ;xof]u k|bfg ug{] o;cGtu{t lgDg lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z 5g\ M s_ pBdLx?sf] txdf ;xeflutfTds pWj{ of]hgf -Bottom-up Plan) k|jå{g ug{] – n3'pBdL ;d"xb]lv n3'pBdL ;d"x ;ª\3 / lhNnf n3'pBdL ;d"x ;ª\3;Dd / pBdLx?sf] dfucg';f/ of]hgfdf cfjZos kl/jt{g ug{] / n}+lËs ;fdflhs ;dfj]zL ;xeflutfTds of]hgf, cg'udg tyf d""NofÍg k| lqmofdfkm{t ;d:ofx?sf] klxrfg ul/g]5 / q}dfl;s k|ltj]bg k]z ul/g]5 v_ pBdL:t/df Ps -cg'udg / d"NofÍgsf] k|jå{g ljsf; ug{] / lhNnf n3'pBdL ;d"x ;ª\3nfO{ tYofÍ÷clen]v /fVg] / Joj:yfkgdf ;xof]u ug{]_ lhNnf n3'pBdL ;d"x ;ª\3nfO{ q}dfl;s / jflif{s k|ltj]bg tof/ ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ Uf_ ;fdflhs÷;fj{hflgs n]vf k/LIf0f tx, tflndk""j{ / kZrft\sf] cg'udg, ;femf ;'ljwf s]Gb|;DjGwL lqmofsnfkx? sfof{Gjog ug{ pBdLx?sf] ;+Vofx?;Fu ;xsfo{ ug{], 3_ n3'pBdL ;d"x ;ª3sf] a}7ssf lqmofsnfkx?sf] ;+o'Qm cg'udg ug{]

%_ glthfd''vL cg'udg tyf d""NofÍg, pknlAw / ;do;Ldf lglb{i6 nlIft ;""rsx?cg';f/ pknlAwx?sf] k|lqmof;DjGwL kl/df0fx?, ;+VofTds / u'0ffTds:t/ ;'lglZrt ug{sf nflu k|

16 ltj]bg / :jMcg'udgfTds d"NofÍg cfjZos 5 . k|To]s lhNnfdf cg'dflgt %) b]lv @)) e}/x]sf pBdLx? l;h{gf ul/g]5 / %) b]lv @)) gofF pBdLx?sf] ;''b[9Ls/0f÷:t/f]Gglt ul/g]5 . pBdLlzntf ;Lk ljsf; tflnd -tflnsf g+= %=@_ / ;fdflhs kl/rfng -tflnsf %=!_ sf If]qdf sfo{qmd ;'?jft ePsf] $ dlxgfkZrft\ lglb{i6 nlIft ;""rsx?sf] cfwf/df ck]lIft glthf bflvnf ug{'kg{]5 . k|fljlws ;Lk ljsf; -tflnsf g+=%=#_ / shf{df kx'Fr -tflnsf %=$_ sf If]qdf sfo{qmd ;'?jft ePsf] & dlxgfkZrft\ lglb{i6 ;""rsx?sf] cfwf/df ck]lIft glthf xfl;n ug'{kb{5 . pko'Qm k|ljlw u|x0f -tflnsf %=%_ ahf/ ;~hfn ljsf; -tflnsf %=^_ / e}/x]sf pBdx?sf] :t/Ls/0f / ;''b[9Ls/0fsf] If]qdf sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf lglb{i6 ;"rsx?sf] cfwf/df ck]lIft glthf xfl;n ug'{kg{]5 . k|To]s tLg dlxgfdf tof/ kfl/g] dfudf 36gf cWoog / cg'udg tyf d""NofÍg k|ltj]bgdf pBdLx?sf] ;kmntfx? klxrfg / ;''wf/cl3sf cjz/x? ;dfj]z x'g]5g\ .

%=! ;fdflhs kl/rfngM

; u''0f:t/ sfod k| k|df0fLs/0fsf] +VofTds ;" ug{] ;""rsx? lqmofsf ;""rsx? sfuhftx? rsx? lakGg DEDC a}7s uflj;df pBdL / pBdx?sf] ;DefJo n}lËs ;fdflhs gofFsf] ;Gbe{df cfwf/e"t tYofÍ ;"rgf pBdLx?sf] ;dfj]zLs/0fsf d]8]k k|lqmofjf/] lhNnf n3'pBdL lsl;d, ; juL{s/0fcg';f cled'vLs/0f ;d"x ;ª\3sf] MIS database +Vof / / nlIft ;d""xx? / 5gf]6 ePsf ;DefJo ;| n3'pBdLx? f]t÷;fwgsf] klxrfgsf nflu uflj;df ;xeflutfTds

17 u|fdL0f n]vfhf]vf÷;j{]dfk m{t ;DefJo pBdLx?sf] 5gf}6 Uf7g ePsf ljkGg n}lËs / –;d""x u7g MES/NESGA/lhNnf n3'pBdL ;fdflhs –;d""x a}7s n3'pBdL ;d"x ;ª\3sf] ;d"x ;+Vof / ;dfj]zL a}7ssf] ljj/0f art z'? juL{s/0fcg';f q}dfl;s k|ltj]bg cGtu{tsf] / n3'pBdL artsf] n]vf ;d"xdf d'Vo /flvPsf] kx'Frsf] n3'pBdL cg'kft ;d"xsf] a}7sdf ePsf]

%=@ pBdlzntf ;Lk ljsf;

;+VofTds ;"rs u'0ffTds ;"rsx? k| k|fdfl0fstfsf lqmofsf ;""rs sfuhftx? x? –;DefJo – ljkGg n}lËs – pBdlzntf – lhNnf pBdLx?sf] tyf ;fdflhs ljsf; tflnddf n3'pBdL Joj;fo z'? ug{ ;dfj]zL jftfj/0fLo ;d"x tof/ juL{s/0fcg';f b[li6jf6 ;ª\3sf] x'g];DjGwL / Joj;fosf nflu PsLs[t MIS database 1fg clej[lå cfjZos ug{] – GSIPPME k| ePsf] x'g]5 hfgsf/L;DjGw – GSI ltj]bg –Jftfj/0fLo L 1fg a9\g]5 juL{s/0fsf – ;fj{hflgs, If]qnfO{ ljrf/ – pBdLx?sf] b[li6jf6 ;fdflhs u/L Jofj;flos cg'kft ;xeflutfTds n]vf of]hgf tof/ – Jofj;flos ?kdf k/LIf0f k| ug{] of]hgf tof/ tflnd ltj]bg ljlw;DjGwL ; ug{sf nflu ;~rfng Tfflnd DefJo cfjZos – Tfflnd d""NofÍg k|

18 pBdLx? hfgsf/L;DjGw k"j{ / ltj]bg Hfgsf/L k|fKt L 1fg a9\g]5 kZrft\ ug{ ;DefJo – Jofj;flos d""NofÍg pBdLx?sf] ; of]hgf tof/ – k|To]s +Vof ul/Psf] h'g tflndsf] jftfj/0fd}qL cGtdf b[li6sf]0faf6 ;fj{hflgs÷;f ljrf/ ul/Psf] dflhs x'g]5 . n]vfk/LIf0f

%=# k|fljlws ;Lk clej[låM

;+VofTds ;"rs u''0ffTds ;""rs k| k|fdfl0fstfsf x? lqmofsf ;""rsx sfuhftx? ? –k|ljlw, ;Lk, –k|fljlws ;Lk – lhNnf –;Lk tflnd k| 1fg clej[lå tflndk|bfos ; n3'pBdL bfos ; x'g]5 . ljkGg +:yfx? ;d"x +Vofx? n}lËs k| sf] ;""rL tof/ ;ª\3sf] sf] ;""rL tof/ ltj]bg / –lglb{i6 MIS database –cfjZostfcg';f ;fdflhs cfjZos k| – GSIPPME k| / k|ljlw;Lkdf ;dfj]zL fljlws ;Lksf] ltj]bg pBdLx?sf] juL{s/0fcg';f cfjZostf – Tfflnd 1fg j[lå / pBd :yfkgf ePsf d""NofÍg ePsf] x'g]5 u/]sf pBdLsf] k|ltj]bg –pBdLx?sf] pBdLx?sf] klxrfg – ; Jofj;flos cg'kft –;]jfk|bfosx? fj{hlgs÷ of]hgf tof/ l;tsf] ;fdflhs ePsf] x'g]5 ;Demf}tfdf n]vfk/LIf –pBdLx?n] k|fljlws ;Lk 0f k| pBd :yfkgf k|bfg ltj]bg u/]sf] –cu| / x'Gf]5g\ kZrd""NofÍg –;fdflhs,

19 ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f cGtdf

%=$ shf{df kx'Fr

; u''0ffTds ;"" k| k|fdf0fLs/0fsf +VofTds ;""r rsx? lqmofsf ;""r nflu cfjZos sx? sx? sfuhftx? u7g ePsf blnt, cflbaf;L k""j{;xsf/L lhNnf ;xsf/Lsf] ; hghflt / tflnd, art tyf n3'pBdL ;d"x +Vof dlxnfsf] C0f ;xsf/Lsf] ;ª\3sf] MIS database sfo{sf/L u7gsf nflu pBd :yfkgsf ;ldltdf cg'kft ;xhLs/0f GSIPPME k|ltj]bg nflu C0f k|fKt lhNnfdf q}dfl;s k|ltj]bg ug]{ pBdLx? ljkGg gS;fÍgdfkm sf] ;+Vof n}lËs / {t O{R5's ljQLo ;+:yfx? / ;fdflhs ljQLo ;]jfk| pBdLx?sf C0f k|fKt u/]sf ;dfa]zL bfos ; aLr ;Demf}tf pBdLx?n] tof/ auL{s/0fsf +:yfx?sf] u/]sf] Jofj;flos cfwf/df C0f 5gf}6 of]hgfsf] ; k|fKt ug]{ / ;fem]bf/L +Vof pBd :yfkgf k| ug]{ pBdLx? lqmofdfkm yf]s shf{sf sf] cg'kft {t nflu a}+s jf n3'pBdLx? u|fdL0f ;xsf/L / nfO{ C0f k| :jfjnDag ljsf; pko'Qm C0f bfg

20 sf]ifl;t c;'nL k| ug{ ljQLo ; ;Dks{ ePsf lqmofsf] +:yfx?nfO{ ;xsf/Lx?sf] ; clen]v k| cfXjfg, +Vof 0ffnL pTk|]/0ff pBdLx? nfO{ ljQLo ;fIf/tfdf ;xlhs/0f  ljQLo ;]jf k| bfosx? Dffkm{t pBdLx?n] C0f k|fKt ug{sf nflu ul/g] ; +o'Qm a}7s / k| lqmofx? df ;xhLs/0f 7""nf ljQLo ; +:yfx? / u| fdL0f :jfjnDag sf]ifl;t ;Dks{ ljsf;s f nflu ;xsf/L / ljQLo ; +:yfx?sf] ;xhLs/0f

%=% pko'Qm k|ljlwx?sf] cjnDag

; u'0ffTds ;""r k| k| +VofTds ;"" sx? lqmofsf ;""r fdf0fLs/0fsf

21 rsx? sx? nflu cfjZos sfuhftx? pko'Qm k| ljkGg n}+lËs pBdLx?sf lhNnf ljlw cjnDag / ;fdflhs nflu cfjZos n3'pBdL ;d"x ug]{ pBdLx? ;dfa]zL pko'Qm k| ;ª\3sf] MIS sf] ;+Vof auL{s/0fsf ljlwx?sf] database cfwf/df klxrfg CFC database k|ljlwx? pko'Qm k| pko'Qm k| ;DaGwdf ljlw cjnDag ljlw ;]jf k| CFC n]vf k| ;xeflutfTds ug]{ pBdLx? bfos ;+:yfx? ltj]bg sfo{ut sf] cg'kft sf] ;]jf, ;:yf / cg';Gwfgsf :yfgsf] CFC k|ult k| d'Vo ;""rsx? klxrfg ltj]bg af/] lj1 ePsf ljkGg n}+lËs pBdLx? pBdLx?sf]] ; / ;fdflhs nfO{ pko'Q GSIPPME k|ltj]bg +Vof ;dfa]zL m k|ljlwaf/] auL{s/0fsf hfgsf/L k| PAR k|ltj]bg Jofj;flos cfwf/df k| bfg of]hgf;lxt ljlwx? gofF k| q}dfl;s k| :yfkgf ePsf ;DaGwdf ljlw ;DjGwdf ltj]bg ;femf ;'ljwf ;xeflutfTds pBdLx? s]Gb|x?sf] ; sfo{ut sf] ;Lk 1fgsf +Vof cg';Gwfgsf nflu cjnf]sg d'Vo ;""rsx? e|d0f tof/ ePsf af/] lj1 ePsf ;femf ;'ljwf Jofj;flos pBdLx?sf]] s]Gb|x?sf] of]hgfx?sf] ; cg'kft Jofj;flos +Vof of]hgf / dd{t ;Def/sf] Joj:yf;lxt >f]t l;h{gf, k|:tfj tof/, ;DefJotf d""NofÍg

22 %=^ ahf/ ;~hfnsf] lasf;

; u'0ffTds ;" k| k| +VofTds ;""r "rsx? lqmofsf ;""rsx? fdf0fLs/0fs sx? f nflu cfjZos sfuhftx? ljsf; ul/Psf ljkGg n}lËs Dffusf] cWoogsf lhNnf a:t'x?sf] ; / ;fdflhs cfwf/df tflnd k| n3'pBdL +Vof M -s_ a| ;dfa]zL bfg ug]{ / ahf/ ;d"x ;ª\3sf] f08 tof/ auL{s/0fsf ljsf; ;xof]usf MIS database ePsf], n]alnª cfwf/df nflu dfusf] GSIPPME k| ul/Psf], -v_ lgDg kIfx? klxrfg ug]{, ltj]bg u'0f:t/ k/LIf0f df lj1 ePsf ;DjlGwt tflnd ul/Psf], -u_ pBdLx?sf] lgsfox? / d""NofÍg k| Kofs]lhª cg'kftM lghLIf]qx?sf] ltj]bg ul/Psf] -s_ dfu ePsf ;xsfo{dfkm{t a:t'x? ahf/ dfusf ;fj{hlgs pTkflbt a:t'x? -v_ pTkflbt cfwf/df a:t'x?sf] tyf ;fdflhs laqmL u/]/ a:t'x?sf] ljsf; -:t/Ls/0f, a| n]vfk/LIf0f pBdLx?n] ahf/ / fl08ª, Kofs]lhª, k|ltj]bg lalqmaf6 cfo -u_ ahf/df n]alnª, u'0f:t/ u'0f:t/ a[l4 ug]{sf] ; pTkflbt k/LIf0f_ +Vof a:t'x?sf] k| k/LIf0f k| ;xsf/Lx?sf] ljsf; / ltj]bg j4{g / ljsf;sf o;sf] qm]tf ; nflu ;Lk ljqm]tfx?;Fu xsf/Ldfkm{t ; q}dfl;s k| ;Demf}tf, s/f/ ltj]bg fd""lxs ahf/ cjnf]sg e| ahf/Ls/0f z'? d0f / pBdLx?sf] u/]sf ;xsf/Lx? ahf/ d]nfx?df sf] ;+Vof ;xeflutf k|To]s tflndsf] cGtdf ;fdflhs tyf ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f

23 %=& n3'pBdLx?sf] :t/Ls/0f / ;'b[9Ls/0f

; u'0ffTds ;""r k| k| +VofTds ; sx? lqmofsf ;""rsx? fdf0fLs/0f ""rsx? sf nflu cfjZos sfuhftx? pRr lakGg n}lËs / pBdLx?nfO{ lhNnf pBdlzntf ;fdflhs ;dfa]zL :t/Ls/0f / ;'b[9Ls n3'pBdL ;Lk, pRr k| auL{s/0fsf /0f ug{sf nflu ;d"x ;ª\3sf] ljlw ;Lk, cfwf/df :yfg klxrfg MIS database pko'Qm k| df};dL pBdx? -lhNnf ljlwx? af6 aif} n3'pBdL ;d"x GSIPPME k| -cf}hf/x?, {e/L ;~rfng ;ª\3x?af6_ ltj]bg ;fdfgx?_ x'g] pBdx?df ;d""x jf JolQmut k""Flhsf] kl/jt{g ePsf pBdx?sf] tflnd dfu pBdx?sf] ljZn]if0f M – d"NofÍg k| k""/fug{ s cg'kft pBdLx?sf] ltj]bg hf{df ;xof]usf nflu kx'Fr, cem ljkGg lglb{i6 If]qx?sf] ;fj{hlgs tyf /fd|f] n}lËs / ;fdflhs klxrfg ug]{ ;fdflhs ahf/Ls/0f ; ;dfa]zL -Joj;fo ;]jfx?, c;n n]vfk/LIf0f ]jfx? - juL{s/0fsf ;'zf;g, ;dfg k|ltj]bg Kofs]lhª, cfwf/df pBdx? kmfObf jf nfe n]jlnª, a| sf] :t/Ls/0f afF8kmfF8_ q}dfl;s k| fl08ª / ePsf] / gfkmf lglb{i6 :yfg / ltj]bg ;Dks{ cfh{g u/]sf] If]qx?sf] k| :yfkgf_ -slDtdf jf cf};t fyldsLs/0f hxfF cfoeGbf a9L_ cfjZos ;xof]u k| pBdLx?sf] bfg ul/g]5 – clt cf};t cfjZostf, clt gfkmf %) ljkGg / n}lËs k|ltztn] ;fdflhs a[l4 ePsf] ;dfj]zLnfO{ larf/ x'g]5 u/L_  n3'pBdLx?sf]

24 Dffusf] cfwf/df, ;]jfsf] nfut / Joj;fo ;]jfsf] klxrfg ug]{ d]8]k÷If]qLo ;xof]u sfof{no;Fusf] ;xdltdf sfo{ of]hgfsf] tof/L of]hgfcg';f/ ;xof]u k|bfg ug] { k|To]s tflndsf] cGtdf ;fdflhs tyf ;fj{hlgs n]vfk/LIf0f

^= d]8]kaf6 x''g] ;xof]u Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfx?sf] nflu Ifdtf lasf;sf k|lqmof / cf}hf/sf] ljsf; ul/g]5 . ;Lk / k|ljlwdf kx'Fr, ;]jf k| bfosx?;Fusf] ;Dks{, ahf/ ;Dks{ / Joj;fo k/fdz{sf nflu ;]jfx? sf] cj:yf / d""No>[ª\vnf k|lqmof ;DjGwdf ;]jfk|bfosx?sf] Ifdtf ljsf; ul/g]5 . 5gf}6 ePsf d""No>[ª\vnfx?sf] k|j4{gsf nflu d'Vo ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] u7aGwg lgdf{0f ul/g]5 / o;n] d""No>[ª\vnfsf] k|j4{gsf If]qdf ;xsfo{df clea[l4 x'g]5 . jfXo :jtGq lgsfox?af6 sfo{qmdsf] cGtdf pknlJwsf] d""NofÍg ul/g]5 . o;sf cfwf/df Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jfk|bfosx? nfO{ e'QmfgL lbOg]5 . efu sM cg'dflgt nfut tyf e'QmfgL d]8]ksf] lgb]{lzsf / dfGotfcg';f/

25 efu v M cfjZos of]Uotf -;DjlGwt If]qdf sfdsf] cg'ej / z}lIfs_

 Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jfk|bfosx?sf nflu ;DjlGwt If]qdf slDtdf b'O{aif{sf] bIftf tyf cg'ej ePsf s'g} klg btf{jfn u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, lghLkmd{x?, lghL sDkgLx?, ljQLo u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? / lghLIf]qsf ;Ë7gx?n] cfj]bg lbg ;Sg]5g\ .

 pBd ljsf; ;xhstf{, sfo{qmd ;+of]hs, k|zf;g / ljQ ;xfos, s[lif pBd ljsf; clws[tx?, ag pBd ljsf; clws[tx?, tYofÍ ;xfos, cflbsf ?kdf Joj;fo ljsf; ;]jfk|bfos ;+:yfsf ?kdf pko'Qm ;Ifd dfgj ;+zfwgsf] Joj:yf x'g'kb{5 .