1. Air Moves Into the Lungs Because

The Respiratory System Leader: Cody Session 41 Course: AN S 214 Supplemental Instruction Instructor: Dr. Selsby Iowa State University Date: 12/6/12 1. Air moves into the lungs because:

a. The volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration.

b. Contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity.

c. The gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower than the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts.

d. The thorax is muscular.

2. Alveolar ventilation rate is:

a. The utilization rate of oxygen by alveolar cells to support metabolism.

b. Movement of dissolved gases from the blood into the alveoli.

c. The movement of air into and out of the alveoli during a particular time.

d. The movement of dissolved gases from the alveoli to the blood.

3. In the alveoli, the partial pressure of oxygen is

a. Much higher than PO2 of arterial blood.

b. Lower than the PO2 of the venous blood.

c. About 104 mmHg.

d. Equal to that in the tissues.

4. Most of the carbon dioxide transported by the blood is:

a. Bound to hemoglobin.

b. Dissolved in plasma.

c. Converted to bicarbonate ions and transported in plasma.

d. Carrie by the white blood cells.

5. Which respiratory measurement is normally the greatest? Supplemental Instruction 1060 Hixson-Lied Student Success Center v 294-6624 v www.si.iastate.edu a. Expiratory reserve volume

b. Vital capacity

c. Tidal volume

d. Inspiratory volume

6. Approximately 20% of carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as:

a. Hydrogen ions

b. Dissolved gas in the plasma

c. Carbaminohemoglobin

d. Oxyhemoglobin

7. Which of the following is NOT a function of the conducting zone?

a. Warming of air

b. Transport of air

c. Cleansing of air

d. Gas exchange

8. Anatomic dead space plus the nonfunctional alveolar space equals the physiologic dead space.

a. True

b. False

9. All of the following factors will cause the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve to be lower EXCEPT:

a. lower pH

b. rising body temperature

c. lower pO2 in tissues

d. elevated BPG levels

e. lower carbon dioxide concentrations

10. Which of the following is not found in the lungs? a. Surfactant

b. Renin

c. Macrophages

d. Alveoli

11. Which of the following are not contained in the respiratory zone? A. alveoli B. respiratory bronchi C. alveolar ducts D. all of the above are parts of the respiratory zone E. none of the above are correct

12. All of the following are functions of the upper respiratory system except A. oxygenation of blood B. trapping of pollutants C. saturation of air with H2O D. secretion of mucus E. all of the above are correct

13. Which of the following terms is incorrectly matched to its descriptor? A. tidal volume - volume of air moving in & out during breathing times respiration rate B. vital capacity - maximum volume of air inspired after maximum expiration C. residual volume - amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation D. dead space – inspired air that never contributes to gas exchange E. all of the above are correct

14. Decreasing dead space A. results in increased breathing frequency B. lowers tidal volume C. is a symptom of emphysema D. increases tidal volume E. has no measurable respiratory effects

15. Bob has a normal respiration rate of 10 breaths/min. His normal tidal volume is 750mL, and the amount of anatomical dead space is 150mL. When the first AnS 214 exam rolls around, Bob sees his exam and begins to hyperventilate. His respiration rate jumps up to 40 breaths/min, and tidal volume increases to 2150mL. What was the increase in Bob's alveolar ventilation rate (in L/min)? A. 74,000 B. 80,000 C. 980 D. 80 E. 74

16. Boyle's law A. delineates the direct relationship between volume and pressure B. states that the total pressure of a mixed gas is the sum of the partial pressures of its constituents C. explains why inspiration and expiration are possible D. explains why it is difficult to make soup at high altitude E. a and c are correct

17. Inspiration requires all of the following, except A. contraction of the diaphragm B. rise in thoracic volume C. rise in intrapulmonary pressure D. flow of air down is pressure gradient E. all of the following are required for inspiration

18. All of the following are true about alveoli and surface tension, except that A. type II alveolar cell secretions are accountable for residual lung volume B. high attraction between non-polar water molecules in the alveoli tries to collapse these sacs C. DPPC is produced to prevent the closing of alveoli D. neonates born prior to initiation of surfactant secretion (premature) would not be able to breathe E. all of the above are correct

19. Expired air consists mostly of A.CO2 B. O2 C. bicarbonate D. N2 E. H2O

20. Whole blood O2 content depends on all of the following except A. PCO2 B. PO2 C. RBC count D. Hemoglobin content E. all of the above are correct

21. In a resting animal, hemoglobin saturation with O2 is at A. 100% B. 97% C. 75% D. variable, depending on the N2 levels of the air E. impossible to determine without knowing the species in question

22. According to the hemoglobin saturation curve discussed in class A. hemoglobin affinity for O2 drops at increasing PO2 B. hemoglobin saturation follows a hyperbolic relationship with respect to PO2 C. nearly all carried O2 is released at regular PO2 of the tissues D. alveolar PO2 is 60 mmHg higher than that of the tissues E. none of the above are correct

23. Which of the following is incorrect about drops in blood pH A. is a consequence of CO2 expulsion from tissues B. will increase respiration rate C. causes a rise in the affinity of hemoglobin for O2 D. can be seen as a rightwards (downward) shift in the hemoglobin saturation curve E. results in more O2 being unloaded to tissues

24. Which of the following stimuli (blood levels) are incorrectly matched to their effect? A. increased PO2 : decreased respiration rate B. decreased 2,3-DPG : increased oxyhemoglobin levels C. increased PCO2 : increased respiration rate D. decreased temperature : increased O2 hemoglobin saturation E. all of the above appear correctly matched

25. Myoglobin A. is found in all muscle B. has a O2 saturation curve to the left of that of hemoglobin C. releases O2 to mitochondria at higher PO2 tissue levels than hemoglobin D. transfers O2 to hemoglobin during times oxygen debt E. none of the above are correct

26. Which of the following is true with respect to O2/CO2 exchange on the RBC? A. carbonic anhydrase is required at the tissue level, and carbonic antihydrase at the alveolar level B. chloride shift refers to the movement of Cl on and off the RBC to balance cellular pH during bicarbonate expulsion C. CO2 waste is expelled as bicarbonate by tissue cells, but requires an RBC to re-form the gas at the alveolar level D. carbonic anhydrase is directly responsible for the formation of carbonic acid E. all of the above are correct

27. The single greatest factor responsible for respiration rate is A. PO2 B. blood pH C. PCO2 D. atmospheric N2 levels E. activity status of animal 28. You have 10 fish. 5 fish drown and 3 come back to life. How many do you have?

Respiratory SA:

1) Trace the flow of oxygen and carbon dioxide through the body, explaining the partial pressure shifts. 2) List and define the 3 laws of gas exchange and explain the application of each in respiration. 3) Describe the factors the regulate breathing. Include parts that stimulate or inhibit breathing. 4) Recreate the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve and restate, in your own words, the concepts represented by the curve. Explain the effects of pH and heat on this curve.