Unit 2: Histology - Study Guide

Know these things:

 The four basic tissue types

 Distinguishing characteristics of epithelial tissues

 How epithelial tissues are classified & named

 Pay attention to special characteristics of transitional & pseudostratified epithelial tissues

 Glands – if branched or unbranched (simple/compound) and their shape (tubular/acinar)

 Be able to describe the characteristics of endocrine & exocrine glands (this will be a short answer question on the test). Ducts, where substances are secreted, what type of substance, and how exocrine glands are classified.)

 Characteristics of connective tissue

 Major components of extracellular matrix of connective tissue

 Functional characteristics of blood, bone, & all three cartilage types (fluid, strong & rigid, recoils…)

 Know the three muscle types & how to tell them apart

 Mediators of inflammation (there are two)

 Results of mediators of inflammation (vasodilation of blood vessels, etc.)

 Major symptoms of inflammation

 Replacement vs. regeneration of cells

 The type of tissue that first replaces a clot during tissue repair

 The purpose of stratification

 The difference between merocrine, apocrine, & holocrine exocrine glands

 Function of goblet cells

 Main function of simple squamous epithelium

 What type of epithelial tissues would be found:

. Urinary bladder . lining of small intestine

. alveoli of lungs . outer layer of skin

. kidney tubules

 What type of connective tissue is found: . External ear . Vocal cords

. Tendons & ligaments . Tissue beneath skin

. Covering ends of bones at joints . Shock-absorption in knees, between vertebrae

 Functions of cell connections: desmosomes, hemidesmosomes, gap junctions, tight junctions

 What these cell types do: clast, blast, & cyte, mast cells, macrophages

 Functions of fiber types: reticular, elastic, collagen

 The difference between labile, stable, & permanent cell types (regarding division)

 Be able to draw a neuron & label it (soma, dendrites, axon, nucleus , and which way an action potential flows through it ).

 The two types of phagocytic cells involved in tissue repair - macrophages & neutrophils (WBC)

 Heavy smoking damages the ciliated cells in the trachea – what would happen if cells that replace the damaged ones do not have cilia? (Buildup of mucus & foreign particles resulting in increased coughing).