Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used

Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

Drug Name (Active Usage/ Treats Dose Contra-indications Withdrawal Time till Ingredients) Antimicrobials Mictotil® Treats bovine and ovine 10mg/kg given SC in both Do not give IV using powered 7 days for slaughter respiratory disease caused by species syringes. Fatal in swine. (Tilmicoim) Man. haemolytica Lactating animals Terramycin® Treats Mycoplasma, Pasteurella, Cattle: Hypersensitivity reactions to 7 days for slaughter Rickettsia, Spirochetes. M. ~ 20mg/kg SC/IM: Pneumonia. tetracycline. Pregnant animals. (Oxytertacycline) bovis & Chlamydia in calves, ~ 11mg/kg SC/IM/ IV: Footrot. Liver and renal insufficient beef and non-lactating cattle. ~ 50mg/kg: resp. tract patients. Lactating animals May be used in horses with infections. Lyme dz, Potomac Horse Fever, Lawsonia intracellularis in foals. Horses: ~6.6mg/kg IV: Lyme & PHF ~15 mg/kg PO: Lawsonia

Sheep: 10mg/kg SC Tylosin® For chronic colitis in cattle, Cattle: 17.6mg/kg IM daily. Patients hypersensitive to it or Cattle: sheep and swine Bronchonpneumonia – 4mg/kg other macrolides Meat: 21days for slaughter (Tylosin Tartrate) Swine: 8.8mg/kg IM q12 Milk: 72hours cattle 48hours (goats) Sheep & goats: 10mg/kg SC Swine: 14 days for slaughter Combikel 40 L.A.® Used against most Gram - Cattle: 0.05-0.1ml/kg. Hypersensitivity and renal Meat: 72 hours before negative cocci, bacilli and insufficiency in patients. slaughter (Procaine Benzyl- penicillin, anaerobes, and Gram – negative Horses, Pigs: 0.1ml/kg Dihydro-streptomycin) bacteria; a broad spectrum antibiotic IM or SC routes may be used in both Trisulkel® Used when a single antibiotic is Horses: 15-30 mg/kg, PO q12. Not to be used in horses with Cattle: slaughter – 10days, not effective. Treats prostate Swine: 48mg/kg, IM liver parenchymal damage, milking – 96hours. (Trimethoprim/ Sulfa- infections and infections caused blood dyscrasis, or history of Not FDA approved for horses methoxazole) by methicillin-resistant Cattle: 25mg/kg, IV, IM, q24. sulfonamide sensitivity. Not to intended for food staphylococci Calves: 48mg/kg IV/IM, q24 be used in animals intended for food Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

Amoxicillin First drug of choice for Cattle: 6-10mg/kg Hypersensitive patients. Do not Cattle: slaughter – 10 days, suspected infections that have Calves: 7mg/kg PO, q8 use oral route if patient in shock milking – 60 hours (Amoxicillin) no sensitivity & culture test Horses: 20-30mg/ kg PO, q6. or septicemia present done Foals: 15-30mg/ kg IV/IM, q6-8 Cefokel® Pigs: Treatment of bacterial Pigs: 3mg/kg, IM or 1 ml/16kg Hypersensitive patients to Cattle: 3 days for slaughter. resp. dz at each injection. ceftiofur and other β-lactam Milking – 72hours antibiotics. (Ceftiofur HCl) Cattle: Treatment of bacterial Cattle: Do not inject intravenously. Pigs: 4 days for slaughter resp. disease and footrot. Respiratory disease: 1mg /kg, If resistance to Cephalosporins For the treatment of the bacterial SC. or beta-lactam antibiotics has None required for sheep component of acute post-partum Footrot: 1mg/kg SC injection. occurred. (puerperal) metritis within 10 Acute post-partum metritis days after calving. The within 10 days of calving: indication is restricted to cases 1mg/kg for 5 consecutive days where treatment with another SC antimicrobial has failed. Sheep: 1.1mg - 2.2mg/kg IM GentaVed® Used against wide variety of Horses: 6.6mg/kg, IV/IM (q24). Hypersensitive patients and Pigs: 40 days for slaughter in bacteria, especially Gram- Foals: 11-15 mg/kg q24 patients with renal disease. piglets, 14 in neonatal swine, 10 (Gentamicin Sulfate) negative aerobic bacilli and days for weanlings and adults Staph. strains in horses, shhep Pigs: 5mg/kg, PO/IM in and pigs. Usually the only neonates; 1.1mg/kg in effective agent against severe weanlings PO. 2.2mg/kg to treat Gram-negative infections. swine dysentery

Sheep: 5mg/kg IM Duphamox LA® Broad-spectrum semi-synthetic Cattle and Pigs: 1ml/10kg Not for use in known cases of Cattle: Meat – 23 days, milking bactericidal in action for use in hypersensitivity to penicillin or – 84 hours cattle and pigs. In vitro it is cephalosporins. (Amoxicillin) effective against a wide range of Not suitable for intravenous or Pigs: 16 days for slaughter Gram-positive and Gram- intrathecal use. negative bacteria which include: E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirablis, some Salmonella sp, Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. (non penicillinase producing). Multiject IMM® Multiject IMM is indicated in The contents of one syringe Not to be used in animals being Milk - 108 hours. the treatment of acute and should be infused into each milked or about to be used for Meat: 7 days for slaughter Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

subacute bovine mastitis in infected quarter via the teat meat (Procaine Penicillin, milking cows, accompanied by canal immediately after milking Streptomycin Sulphate, pain and inflammation caused once daily for three consecutive Neomycin Sulphate, by bacterial infection sensitive days. Prednisolone) to penicillin, streptomycin and neomycin therapy Cifran® A ‘big gun’ drug used as an Not indicated in food producing Hypersensitive patients. N/A alternative to Enrofloxacin as a animals or in horses. Dehydrated patients. Young (Ciprofloxacin hydrochloride) post antibiotic resort against (Enrofloxacin is used instead) animals. both Gram-positive and Gram- negative cocci and bacilli, in small animals. Coprime/ Co-Trimoxazole® Used when a single antibiotic is Cattle: 25mg/kg, IV, IM, q24. Horses with liver parenchymal Cattle: not effective. Treats prostate Calves: 48mg/kg IV/IM, q24 damage, blood dyscrasis, or Meat: 10 days still slaughter (Trimethoprim/ infections and infections caused history of sulfonamide Milking: 96hrs Sulphamethoxazole) by methicillin-resistant Horses: 15-30 mg/kg, PO q12. hypersensitivity. Food animals. staphylococci Not FDA approved for horses Swine: 48mg/kg, IM intended for food

Scourban Plus® Prevention and treatment of Calves, Pigs & Horses: None specified MEAT: 14 days till slaughter intestinal infections of bacterial 30ml/25kg orally (~Sulphadimidine origin in horses, cattle, goats MILK: 35 days ~ Sulphadiazine, and pigs. Prevents and treats Piglets: 1 - 2 ml ~ Streptomycin, scours. ~ Neomycin sulfate, Soothes and protects the gut. Sheep/Goats: 13ml/25 kg Contains electrolytes and ~ Hyoscine hydrobromide, glycine to restore fluid balance. ~ Kaolin/pectin) Metricycline® Prevents endometritis and also Pigs & Cattle: 6 – 10 mg/kg, IV, Pregnant patients and patients Meat: 10 days till slaughter used to treat uterine infections in IM or 10 – 20 mg/kg PO (both hypersensitive to tetracycline (Chlotetracycline hydrochloride) cattle and pigs species) once daily Anaesthetic Drugs Ketamine® Rapid acting general anesthetic Cattle: Analgesia – 0.4 Patients having: hyper- Meat: 3 days till slaughter (Ketamine HCL) which may also be used for pain -1.2mg/kg/hr. sensitivity, head trauma or control Sedation – 2mg/kg, IV after increased CSF, heart problems, Milk: 48 hours xylazine seizures, major surgery (not to be used alone) Horses: 2.2-2.75mg/ kg IV after Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

xylazine

Pigs: Anesthesia – 11mg/kg IM with atropine. For additional analgesia, give 2-4mg/kg IV

Sheep: 2mg/kg IV, then 4ml/minute at 2mg/ml Bomacaine® Bomacaine is a local and topical Epidural anaesthesia: Heart diseases and Milk and Meat: Nil anaesthetic, used in horses and Horses and Cattle: 5 - 10mL hypersensitive patients cattle for epidural nerve block Pigs: 1 - 10mL (Lignocaine hydrochloride and infiltration local monohydrate) anaesthesia. Infiltration anaesthesia: Horses, Cattle: 20 - 100mL Sheep, Goat Pigs: 10 - 20mL

Dehorning and Develveting: Per nerve site 2 -10mL Bomazine® 2% Sedation, analgesia and muscle Cattle: 0.25-0.75 ml/ 100kg IV. Avoided in weak and debilitated Meat: 2 days till slaughter relaxation of large and small 0.5-1.75 ml/100 kg, IM animals Milk: 7 days (Xylazine HCL) domestic and wild animals. Horses: 0.25-0.5 ml/ 10 kg IV

Sheep: 0.01 mg/kg IV or 0.2mg/kg IM Bomazine 10% Same purpose but only used in Doses are calculated based on Sheep and goats Same as above horses and cattle. the higher concentration of this (Xylazine HCL) drug Atropine® Preanesthetic to prevent resp. Cattle: Hypersensitive patients. Cattle, Sheep, Pigs: tract secretions. Treat sinus Preanaesthetic: 0.06 -0.12 Patients that have myasthenia Meat: In the UK, 28 days when (Atropine Sulphate) bradycardia and incomplete AV mg/kg, IM. gravis used as an antidote and 14 days blocks. Antidote for Cholinergic when used as an anti- drug overdoses, Cattle, Sheep and Goats muscarinic drug, organophosphate (OP), Cholinergic Toxicity Tx: carbamate and blue-green 0.5 mg/kg (1/4th IV, rest IM or Milk: 6 days when used as algae intoxication. Reverses SC) antidote and 3 days when used bronchoconstriction. as an anti-muscarinic. Horses: Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

~Bradyarrhythmias: 0.01 -0.02mg/kg IV. ~ Bronchodilator: 5mg/450kg IV ~ Organophosphate Tx: 1mg/kg IV

Pigs: ~ Preanesthetic: 0.04 mg/kg IM. ~ OP Tx: Same as horses

Tolazine® Reverses the effects of sedation Horses: 4mg/kg or 1 ml/25kg IV Stressed, debilitated, cardiac Not for use in food producing and analgesia induced by to reverse Xylazine effects disease, sympathetic blockage, animals (Tolazoline Hydrochloride) Xylazine in horses hypovolemia or shock. Hypersensitivity

Sedatives, Anesthesia, Euthanizing Drugs Yobine® Reverses the effects of Xylazine Cattle: 0.125mg/kg IV Hypersensitivity. Meat: 7 days till slaughter and some of the toxic effects Renal disease (Yohimbine HCL) associated with other agents. Horses: Milk: 72hours Prophylactic for amitraz dips 0.075mg/kg IV Natrium Pentobarbital® 20% Barbiturate leading to Cattle: 30mg/kg IV for Hypovolemia, anemia, cardiac N/A immediate depression of the Hydrocarbon toxicity. Sedation: and respiratory diseased animals (Pentobarbital Sodium) cerebral cortex, subcortical 1-2 g IV. Calves: 15-20mg/kg IV structures, vital cerebral centres (anesthetic). and the cardiac muscle. Overdoses can be used for Horse: 15-18 mg/kg IV euthanasia Pigs: 30mg/kg IV. 15-30mg/kg as anesthetic

Sheep and Goats: 20-30mg/kg IV (adults) Lambs: 15-26mh/kg IV Buscopan® Controls pain associated with Horse & Cattle: 5ml/100kg IV. Paralytic ileus in horses. Horses: 12 days till slaughter simple equine colic and as a IV route use only for horses. IM Hypersensitive patients. Cattle: diagnostic aid in more severe and IV routes may be used in Pregnant animals Meat: 9 days after IV injection. Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

(Butylscopolamine bromide + equine colic. Controls diarrhoea cattle. 28 days after IM injection. Metamizole) in cattle and horses particularly Not to be used in milk when pain or abdominal producing cows discomfort is present. For the control of pain associated with urinary obstruction in horses. Thiopental® 1g Induction agent for general Cattle: 8.14 - 15.4 mg/ kg IV. Absence of suitable veins for N/A anesthesia used with other Calves under 2 weeks: 15-22 IV. Heart diseases, shock, (Thiopental Sodium) anesthetics or by itself for short mg/kg IV myasthenia gravis, asthma, procedures. intracranial pressure. Horse: With pre -anesthetic Hypersensitivity. tranquilizer: 8.25mg/kg IV

Pigs: 5.5-11mg/kg IV

Sheep: 9.9-15mg/kg IV

Goats: 20-22mg/kg IV Combistress® For neuroleptanalgesia in Cattle, horses, sheep, goats: Cardiac disease, hypovolemia, Meat: 7 days till slaughter combination with analgesics. As 0.05 mg/kg or 0.125 ml/50 kg hypotension or shock. (Acepromazine maleate) a preanaesthetic before the I.V. Coagulopathies or Milk: 48 hours general anaesthetic. For the 0.05 - 0.1 mg/kg or 0.125 - 0.25 thrombocytopenia sedation of excited, irritated, ml/50 kg b.w. I.M. aggressive animals. As a spasmolytic: spastic colic in Swine: 0.1-0.2 mg/kg IV, IM, horses SC Euthatal® Used for the humane euthanasia 150 mg/kg IV in all large Animals used for food N/A of animals not to be used for animals (Pentobarbital Sodium) food Stresnil® Aggression control when 2.2mg/kg IM deeply No reported contraindications Meat: 10 days till slaughter dealing with pigs weighing up to when used as directed. Avoid (Azaperone) 36.4kg. Also a general using in cold environments tranquillizer and a pre-operative agent prior to general anesthesia or C – section with local anesthesia

Ectoparasite Treatment Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

Supatraz® Controls ticks. Kills lice and Use at the rate of 2 parts Unclear Meat: 21 days till slaughter mange mites on cattle only. SUPATRAZ 125 to 1000 water. (Amitraz) Spray on skin with dilution followed by Ca(OH)2 Eprinex® Topical anti-parasitic used for a Cattle: 1mL for each 10kg of Avoid oral administration Meat: Nil (Eprinomectin) variety of L4 GI roundworms, liveweight. lice, mange mites, horn flies and Milk: Nil lungworms in cattle and horses. Horses: Psoroptic mange Tx: 0.5mg/kg once weekly for 4weeks Cypertick® Non systemic, topical Add 2ml per litre water. Treatment of animals in hot 3 days for both meat and milk ectoparasiticide: insecticide, weather (Cypermethrin) acaricide, tickicide, louisicide, Use 3-5 litres mixture per larvicide for horse and cattle. animal

Endoparasitic Treatment Bomectin® pour on Targets Ivermectin-sensitive 1ml/20kg bodyweight applied Very young animals Meat: 42 days till slaughter internal and external parasites of along the backline of the animal (Ivermectin) cattle and pigs. These include in a narrow, continuous strip Milk: nil lungworms, GI roundworms, extending from the withers to sucking lice, eyeworms, mites, the tail head. and Cattle Tick in cattle. In pigs, will work against GI roundworms, kidney worms, lungworms, lice and mites.

Vetrimec® 1% Injectable treatment and control Cattle: 1mg/5kg SC only in Not to be used in young Cattle & heep: of species of GI roundworms, front or behind the shoulder Meat: 35 days till slaughter (Ivermectin) lungworms, grubs, sucking lice, Milk: Not yet established and mange mites in cattle and Pigs: 1mg/34kg SC in neck pigs. Pigs: (Added info. Ivermectin use not Meat: 18 days Vetrimec Sheep/Goat: 3ml/11.8kg) Dectomax® The treatment and control of GI Cattle: 0.2mg/kg SC (in front of None Cattle: roundworms, grubs, lungworms, or behind shoulder) or IM Meat: 45 days. (Doramectin) eyeworms, sucking lice and (neck) Milk: Not to be used on dairy mange mites in swine and cattle: cattle Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

beef, pregnant cows, newborn Pigs: 0.3 mg/kg IM in the neck calves and bulls. Swine: (Pour on: 1mL/10kg along Meat: 24 days midline of back) Equitak Excel® Treat and control GI worm Horses: 1g/20kg None specified Meat: 28 days parasites: large and small (Abamectin, Praziquantel + strongyles, large roundworms, Oxfendazole) (Ascarids, both sensitive and resistant to Abamectin), lungworms, pinworms and stomach bots, and tapeworms in horses. Bomatak® Paste Treatment and control of Horses: 1ml/18kg None specified Meat: 63 days till slaughter gastrointestinal roundworms, (Oxfendazole) large and small strongyles and pinworms in horses. Has the advantage of being usable in cold climates.

Theriogenology Drugs Ventipulmin® Bronchodilator, used to manage Horses: In food producing animals. N/A horses affected with airway As bronchodilator: -4 (Clenbuterol HCl) obstruction, such as which 8x10 mg/kg twice daily for 3 Horses with cardiovascular occurs in chronic obstructive days orally impairment. pulmonary disease. Used also as an adjunctive uterine relaxant Dystocia adjunctive Tx: for dystocia treatment. 0.3mg/500kg IV slowly. For emergency 10mls on arrival for treatment ECP® Used to enhance estrus behavior Horses: During pregnancy, may cause N/A and receptivity in mares and to Enhance estrus behavior 5-10mg fetal malformation. (Estradiol Cypionate) treat estrogen – responsive IM once incontinence. Was once used as Food producing animals an abortifacient in cattle but has Estrogen responsive since been made illegal incontinence Tx: 0.004 - 0.01mg/kg IM daily, for 3 days Lutalyse® Used in cattle as a luteolytic Cattle: Pregnant animals not intended Meat and Milk: nil agent for estrous synching, ~ Estrus Synch: 1shot 25mg IM to abort. Animals with broncho- Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

(Dinoprost Tromethamine unobserved estrous in lactating given twice, 11 days apart. constrictive respiratory disease. Prostaglandin F2α) dairy cattle, pyometra and as an ~ Silent estrous and Do not administer IV. Mares abortifacient in non - lactating Pyometra/Endometr-itis Tx: with acute or subacute disorders dairy cattle. It can induce 25mg IM. of the vascular system, GI tract parturition in pigs and controls ~ Abortifacient: 25-30mg IM at or reproductive tract. estrus time in mares and day 5-150 of gestation inducing estrus in “difficult to ~ Induce Parturition: 25-30mg breed mares” (DTBM, however IM it is only approved for use in cattle Horses: ~ DTBM & estrus control: 1mg/45kg IM. ~ Abortifacient: 5mg IM (< 12days), 1mg/45kg IM (> 4 months pregnant), 2.5mg q12, 4 times.

Swine: ~ Estrus synch: Day 15-55 of gestation, 15mg IM, then 10mg IM 12 hours later. ~ Abortifacient: 5-10mg IM. ~ Induce Parturition: 10-25mg IM 2-6 days before expected parturition Fertiline® Treatment of ovarian follicular Cattle: 0.1mg IM or IV None specified Meat and Milk: cysts in dairy cattle. Reduces nil (Gonadorelin acetate) time between calving to first Sheep and Goats: 0.1mg daily ovulation and increase the for 4-5 days o induce ovulation number of ovulations within the first 3 months of calving. Used in cows with retained placentas to increase fertility. Receptal® For infertility of ovarian origin Cattle: Oestrus Syching in dairy None specified Meat and Milk: and improvement of pregnancy cows: Day 0 Receptal (2.5 ml). nil (Buserelin acetate) rate in cows. For the Day 7 Prostaglandin (at synchronization of estrus in luteolytic dose). Day 9 Receptal dairy cows and for reducing the (2.5ml) calving to conception interval in Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

these cows when used with a Horses: Synchronize ovulation PGF 2α. Synchronize ovulation more closely with mating: 10 ml more closely with mating in first day on which the follicle mares. has reached its maximum size. Induces ovulation in gilts after Repeat if ovulation has not estrus synchronization in order occurred within 24 hours. to facilitate a single fixed time artificial insemination program. Pigs: Estrus synching: 2.5ml/ pig Oxyvet® Inj Stimulate uterine contractions: Cattle: ~ Retained placenta: 2-3 Animals with dystocia, that are Meat and milk: nil During parturition: partus ml IM q2h. hypersensitive to it, non- relaxed (Oxytocin) induction in mares and uterine ~ Metritis: 1ml IM, 3- 4 times cervix inertia in sows. per day. Promote uterine involution ~ Augment contractions: 1.5ml (uterine atonia, after reposition IM. ~ Obstetrics: 5ml of uterine prolapse, aid in the ~ Milk let down: .5- 1ml IV removal of retained placenta, for the reduction of retained Horse: ~ Initiate contractions: placenta in cows). Aids in the 0.125- .25ml IV every 20 treatment of endometritis (for minutes. removal of intrauterine fluid) in ~ Prevent luteolysis: 3ml IM at mares. 7-14 days post-ovulation. Promotes milk letdown: (post- ~ Remove retained placenta: partum agalactia in heifers, 1ml IV, IM every hour, 4 hours maiden mares and as an prior to foaling. adjunctive treatment of MMA in ~ Metritis: 1ml IM 3-4 times a sows) and for the removal of day for 2-3 days. residual milk (supportive therapy in case of mastitis). Pig: ~ Agalactia Tx: 1.5-2mls IM ~ Retained placenta: 1 - 1.5ml, q2-3h ~ Augment contractions: 0.5ml IM every 30mins ~ Milk let down: 0.25-1ml IV

Sheep & Goats: Retained placenta Tx: 10-20 Units Metritis Tx: 5-10 Un IM 3- 4x/day for 3days Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

Oxytokel® Same as above By IM or SC: Obstetrics: Pigs: Animals with dystocia, that are Meat and Milk: nil 1-3ml. hypersensitive to it, non- relaxed (Oxytocin) Cows and Mares: 4- 6ml. cervix Agalactia: Pigs: 0.25-1ml

Cows and Mares: 1-2ml. If given IV its 1/3 to ½ of abovementioned dose.

Ewes, goats: 1ml/50kg IM Progesterone 5% Hormone for use in habitual Cows and Mares: Liver or kidney dysfunction Meat and Milk: nil abortion, threatened abortion, 50 - 100mg IM per animal daily (Progesterone) nymphomania, sterility, mammary underdevelopment Pigs: 15 to 25mg IM per animal and oestrous control in farm daily, as needed. animals and mares Sheep and goats: 10 to 15 mg per animal daily, as needed Vitamins and Supplements Injectable Iron Prevention and treatment of iron Pigs: At 2- 4 day old give Hypersensitive animals. Any nil deficiency anemia in neonatal 100mg or 1ml IM anemia other than iron (Iron Dextran) food producing animals, namely deficiency. Acute renal pigs infections. Do not use in conjunction with oral iron supplements.

Adedrikel® 300 For prevention and treatment of Cattle: 3 - 5 ml None specified Nil vitamin A, D and E deficiencies Calves: newborn animals: 1 ml; (Vit. A, D , E) in cattle and pigs at early ages, young animals: 2 - 3 ml 3 during stressful periods & pregnancies Pigs: 2 - 3 ml.

Piglets, Lambs: 0.25 - 1 ml Addrikel® 100 For prevention and treatment of Calves, foals, lambs, growing None specified Nil vitamin A and D deficiencies. pigs: 1 ml/10 - 20 kg IM or IV (Vit. A, D , E) 3 Adult cattle, horses and pigs: 2.5 Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

ml/100 kg IM or IV

Adult Sheep and Goats: 1 ml/25 kg IM or IV Hepavikel® Treatment of deficiencies of Foal, Calf, Piglet: None specified Nil vitamins of the B group. The 1 ml/5-10 kg IM, SC (Vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12) product is also of value during periods of high performance, Adult Pigs: 1 ml/20 kg IM, SC especially in young animals. It is useful in case of anorexia, growth retardation and during the recovery period from diseases such as enteric infections, parasitic infestations, anaemias of whatever origin, liver diseases and also in nervous diseases. Vit-Plex® Supplemental vitamins and Calf: 5 ml per new born, as soon None Nil minerals for newborns as possible. Repeat as necessary. (Cobalt Gluconate, Copper Gluconate, Piglets: 0.5 ml per newborn Ferrous Ammonium Citrate, piglet per day. Liver Extract, Nicotinamide, Soluble Vitamins: B1, B12, B2, B3, B5, B6) Hipravit- SE Used for Vitamin deficiencies in Cattle: 25ml/adult animal; Calf: None Nil pigs and sheep. Used also in 15 ml. Generally, administer 1 (Vitamin E and Selenium) sheep to prevent placenta ml/10 kg. Normally one retention. In cattle: Placenta application is sufficient retention (prevention), myopathies and vitamin P igs: 5 -15ml/adult; Piglet: 1 to deficiencies. 2 ml

Sheep: 5 - 8 ml/adult; 1 to 2 ml/lamb

Vitaminacid® Used for Calcium, Not specified Thrombo-embolism, erythremia, Nil Magnesium, Potassium, erythrocytosis, increased (Calcium Chloride, Sodium and Vitamin B sensitivity to cyanocobalamin. Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

Casein Hydrolysate, deficiencies and Dextrose, Magnesium Sulfate, supplementation B3, B5, B6 Potassium Chloride, Sodium Acetate, Sodium Glutamate, Vitamin B1, B12, B2) Dextrose 50% For use as an aid in the Cattle: 100 to 500 ml IV Dehydrated animals unless Nil treatment of uncomplicated being given along with fluids (Dextrose monohydrate) ketosis in cattle and sheep. Sheep: 50ml/45kg IV

Cal-Plus® As an aid in the treatment of Cattle and Horses: Adult: 250- None specified Nil (Calcium borogluconate, milk fever and other calcium, 500 mL Sodium Hypophosphite, glucose, magnesium and magnesium Chloride phosphorus deficiencies of Sheep and Pigs: 50-125 mL Hexahydrate, Dextrose) cattle, horses and swine.

Vitamin B Complex As a supplemental source of B 1-5 ml/45kg None specified Nil complex vitamins for use in the (Vitamins B1, B2, B6, B12) treatment of deficiencies of these vitamins in cattle, sheep and horses.

NSAIDs Banamine® Injectable Indicated for the control of Cattle: ~ Pyrexia & Horses with hypersensitivity to Cattle: Solution pyrexia associated with bovine Endotoxemia: 1.1 - 2.2 it Meat: 4 days and swine respiratory disease, mg/kg IV once a day. Milk: 36 hours endotoxemia and acute bovine ~ Bovine mastitis: 2.2 mg/kg IV (Flunixin meglumine) mastitis. It is also indicated for Pigs: the control of inflammation in Horse: 1 mL/45kg IV or IM Meat: 12 days endotoxemia. Alleviates pain once daily and inflammation associated Horse: Not to be used in horses with musculoskeletal disorders Pigs: Pyrexia: 2.2mg/kg IM intended for consumption in the horse. It is also once daily in neck (10ml max recommended for the alleviation per site) of visceral pain associated with colic in the horse. Metacam® Used for dehorning and Cattle: 0.5mg/kg SC, IV or in Dehydrated, hypovolemic or Cattle: Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

castration pain relief. For combination with antibiotic hypotensive animals Meat: 15days (Meloxicam) inflammation associated with therapy (resp. infections) Milk: 120 hours musculoskeletal disorders or colic pain. For use in acute Horse: 0.6mg/kg IV, orally Pigs: 5 days respiratory infections in cattle. Reduce symptoms of lameness Pigs: 0.4mg/kg IM or in Horse: 5 days and treatment of puerperal combination with antibiotic septicemia and toxemia in pigs. therapy Red Udder® Ointment A soothing and protective Rub ointment liberally into the Not for use in deep wounds or Nil (Methyl salicylate, ointment for treating surface affected area twice daily until punctures DVL Phenol, cuts, wounds, abrasions of the the condition improves Eucalyptol, teats and mammary glands of all Camphor, Glycerin farm animals. Also effective in Pet amber) the prevention of cracked and chapped teats and udders and chapped skin. Phenylbutakel® Control inflammation, Cattle: 1 ml/60 kg deeply IM GI lesions, cardiac, hepatic and Cattle: 20 subsequent tissue damage and daily for 5 days. Calves: 1 ml/50 renal insufficiencies, Meat: 1 dose -30 days, 2 doses – associated pain. Relieves acute kg with 2-days intervals dehydration, hematologic 35 days, 3 doses – 40 days. inflammatory conditions (Phenyl-butazonum) disorders. In many countries associated with musculoskeletal Horse: 1 ml/50 kg IV or deeply not used in food producing Milk: 96 hours system and lameness. IM once daily for max. 4 days animals. Particular uses: arthritic conditions, luxation, tenosynovitis, tendinitis, bursitis, muscular strains, myositis, laminitis in cattle and horses, lymphangitis in horses, soft tissue reactions and pain associated with wounds, fractures, bruises, etc. Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

Phenylbutazone® Indicated in dogs of 20kg and 20mg/kg orally daily for 7 days Not to be administered to dogs N/A 200mg Tablets over for the treatment of weighing less than 20kg osteoarthritis, acute musculo- bodyweight. Animals suffering skeletal trauma, spondylitis, from cardiac, hepatic or renal bursitis and inflammation of disease, where there is the ligament, rheumatoid and other possibility of GI ulceration or arthritic diseases. bleeding, where there is evidence of blood dyscrasia or hyper-sensitivity to the product. Avoid use in dehydrated, hypovolaemic or hypotensive animals, as there is a potential risk of increase renal toxicity.

Glucocorticoid Dexakel® Treats ketosis in cattle and Cattle & Horses: 2.5 - 5 Cardiac and renal puerperal toxaemia in sows, mg/100kg IV or IM insufficiencies, hypercorticism (Dexamethasone sodium non-infectious processes, Calves: 2 -4 mg/50 kg IV or IM (Cushing’s Syndrom), diabetes, especially acute musculoskeletal osteoporosis, viraemia, phosphate) inflammations. As an aid in Pigs: 1 -10mg/kg IV or IM simultaneous vaccination. acute infectious diseases in combination with suitable anti- infectious therapy. Allergic conditions. Stress- and shock conditions. Also Induces parturition in ruminants during the last stage of pregnancy.

Vaccines Covexin® For the active and passive Cattle & Sheep: 5ml SC initial None specified Nil immunization of cattle from 2 dose followed by a second 5ml (Clostridium Chauvoei- weeks of age against disease dose 6 weeks later in cattle and associated with infections 2ml follow up in sheep. Septicum, Haemolyticum- caused by C. Revaccination should be done Novyi- Tetani-Perfringens (C & perfringens Type B, C. every 12 months. D)Bacterin- Toxoid) perfringens Type C, C. perfringens Type D, C. Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

chauvoei, C. novyi Type B, C. septicum, C. haemolyticum and against tetanus caused by C. tetani. Tetanus Antitoxin Used in all large farm animals 1500 units SC, IV or IP, minimum, Not specified Meat: 21days for the prevention and if injected within 24 hours of (Cl. tetani toxin) treatment of tetanus. exposure. Increase dose relative to the lapse of time following exposure to as much as 30,000 to 100,000 units in animals which are showing symptoms.

Miscellaneous Drugs Aluspray® Keeps dirt or insects from Spray directly on to cover entire Animals with known hypersensitivity to Nil infecting wounds wound with a thin layer of powder any of the ingredients, (Aluminum powder) while allowing wound to heal suffering from severe renal impairment. On and breathe in small and large teat injuries in lactating animals producing animals by coating it with a milk for human consumption layer of aluminum. Used post castration, after dehorning and on teat ends in dry cows. Babex Injection/ Imidofin® Treats and prevents equine Cattle and Calves: Animals exposed to pesticides or Meat: 90 Injectable piroplasmosis: Babesia Babesiosis: cholinesterase-inhibiting drugs. Animals Milk: 21days caballi and B. equi, Treatment - 1ml/100kg SC. with impaired renal or liver function. IV (Imidocarb Dipropionate) Anaplasmosis and Babesiosis Prevention – 2.5ml/100kg SC administration. in cattle. Only Imidofin is Anaplasmosis: used in cattle for this purpose. Treatment- 2.5ml/100kg SC Eliminate carrier state: 4ml/100kg SC

Horses: B. equi Tx: 3.5ml/ 100kg, 4 times at 72-hour intervals B. caballi Tx: 2ml/ 100kg IM once daily for 2 consecutive days Nobloat® Treatment of severe frothy 100ml orally or intraruminally in Hypersensitivity of animal to active Nil bloat in cattle while it cattle using a cannula or a long ingredient (Dimethicone) improves appetite and needle digestion and eases flatulence, Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

constipation and hiccups.

Urolix Diuretico® Fast acting diuretic that Cattle: 2.2 – 4.4 mg/kg IV, q12 Hypersensitive patients. Cattle: Meat and reduces edema that result Liver and renal disease Milk: 48hurs (Furosemide) from kidney, liver, heart and Horses: ~ Diuretic: 1-2mg/kg IM affectations that are caused by or IV, q6-12h In horses and pigs burns; to increase water ~ Epistaxis: 500mg IV 4hours there are no diuresis with sodium, prior to racing restrictions potassium and chloride ions are removed, their action is of Pigs: 5ml/50 kg great help in the treatment of poisoning and is useful for preventing epistaxis. Udder Balm Protection against the effects Apply to entire teat and udder area None specified Nil of extremes in weather, low after each milking, coating also humidity, warm and cold teat orifice. temperatures. Daily (Vitamin A 1000 IU, application aids in soothing Vitamin D2 and softening chapped and 500 IU, Vitamin E irritated skin. Recommended for use on teats, udders, and 1 IU, Aloe Vera) other skin areas that are exposed to frequent washing & temperature changes. Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

REFERENCES: http://loudoun.nvcc.edu/vetonline/vet121/sutureMaterialsAndPatterns.htm http://www.emap.usask.ca/ http://emap-projects.usask.ca/vsac205/Lab4/suture/lab4_2.5.2.6_prolene.php http://www.veterinarysurgery.8m.com/rich_text_6.html http://kela.ibrochure.be/ibrochure.pdf http://www.bayeranimal.co.nz/products/bomatak-paste.aspx http://www.msd-animal-health.co.uk/products_public/receptal/090_product_datasheet.aspx

Principles of Veterinary Suturing Marcel I. Perret-Gentil, DVM, MS University Veterinarian & Director Laboratory Animal Resources Center The University of Texas at San Antonio

Small animal surgery Theresa Welch Fossum

Sonsthagan, Theresa A. (2011), Veterinary Instruments and Equipment: A Pocket Guide 2nd Edition, St Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Mosby. Large Animal Medicine Assignment 1: Instruments, Sutures and Pharmaceuticals Commonly Used Group 4

Plumb, Donald C. (2011), Plumb’s Veterinary Drug Handbook 7th Edition, St Paul, Minnesota: PharmaVet Inc.