Final Exam Study Guide s2

Final Exam Study Guide NARANJAS

LISTENING COMPREHENSION: 1. Know vocabulary for 7 questions of listening comprehension 2. Hint: Sra.. no ve bien, entonces ella lleva gafas, y cuando hace sol, ella lleva gafas de sol. ver (to see)

READING COMPREHENSION: 1. You will read a TPRS (storytime) story and answer 5 multiple choice questions about it 2. You will choose 3 correct translations for given sentences. 3. Hint: tener que hablar (to have to talk); saber (to know ; sabe/saben); parar (to stop); enojado(a) (angry) 4. You will have 2 questions about advertisements.

VOCABULARY: Know vocabulary from chapters 1-6

ADJECTIVES:

Descriptive: All adjectives must agree with the noun /subject they modify (Las muchachas son altas [las, muchachas & son are plural & muchachas are feminine, therefore you must choose adjective that is fpl: altas). Some adjectives don’t end in o/a. For instance facil: it is both m/f/ Plural adds es: fáciles

Possessive: my: mi, mis /your (tú) tu, tus / his/her/your(Ud/Uds)/their su, sus / our nuestro(s)/nuestra(s) / your (vosotros, España) vuestro(s)/vuestra(s)

VERBS: These are the verb types you’ve learned in 7th grade Spanish. (see grey Final Exam Verbs packet for all meanings and conjugations). Most verb questions are recognizing the correct conjugation for the given subject . The next are recognizing meanings and verb tenses (present v. near future), followed by idioms with tener (tener hambre/sed/__años)

*You need to know CONJUGATIONS: THAT MEANS YOU NEED TO RECOGNIZE SUBJECT OF SENTENCE (tú, Usted, ellas, etc. Marco y Roberto = ellos, BUT Marco y Roberto, = Ustedes, etc.) AND choose the conjugated form of the verb that matches the subject: i.e.: Los alumnos (cantas? canta? cantamos? cantan?, etc.). Since “los alumnos” = the students = they, you choose the they=ellos form of verb: cantan

1 Final Exam Study Guide NARANJAS KNOW YOUR SUBJECTS OF THE SENTENCE: yo = I nosotros/as = we tú = you (sing. cas) vosotros/as = YOU (casual, pl: Spain) él = he / it (m) ellos = THEY (m or mxd pl) ella = she/ it (f) ellas = THEY (f pl) Usted (Ud) = you (sing/polite)

Recognize the other kinds of subjects (hint: turn them into the subject pronouns above): Marco y Luis = they = Ellos La chica y su perro = The girl and her dog = they = ellos Tú y tu amigo = You and your friend = You (pl) = Ustedes Luis y yo = we = nosotros Los Gomez = they = ellos Tomás, (comma after name means you are talking to subject; 1st name = casual) = you = Tú

DON’T LET POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES THAT MODIFY THE SUBJECTS THROW YOU: Tu (your) hermana = your sister = she = ella Tus (your) primos = your cousins =they = ellos Mi (my) amigo = él Nuestro (our) padre = our father = he = él Mi (my) abuela = ella

Nuestra (our) madre = ella Mis tios = ellos Nuestra (our) clase = ella Tu(your) profe = él Su(their) hija = ella Nuestros (our) amigos = ellos Tus (your) primas = ellas Sus (their) gatos =ellos

7 TH gd. verbs: -AR regular (hablar, bailar): o, as, a /amos, áis, an -ER regular (comer, beber, leer): o, es, e/emos, éis, en // BUT: ver (to see) veo,… -IR regular (vivir, escribir): o, es, e /imos, ís, en - tener (to have): tengo, tienes, tiene, tenemos, tenéis, tienen -ser (to be): soy, eres, es, somos, sois, son [characeristic, trait, profession, date, time, nationality, origins] - estar (to be): estoy, estás, está, estamos, estáis, están[moods, emotions, location, with verbs ending in –ando/-iendo] - dar (to give): doy, das, da, damos, dais, dan -ir (to go): voy, vas, va, vamos, vais, van - Ir + a + infinitive: [= near future; 2nd verb is left in the infinitive: is/are going to + verb] -querer(to want): quiero, quieres, quiere, queremos, queréis, quieren - poder (to be able): puedo, puedes, puede, podemos, podéis, pueden * 2-verb rule: 1st verb conjugated, 2nd verb left in infinitive: i.e., Me gusta bailar/él necesita almorzar

Markers of verb tense: know the word markers for verb tenses

2 Final Exam Study Guide NARANJAS Hoy = today = present Mañana = tomorrow = near future (ir + a + infinitive)

Idiomatic Verbal expressions: (idiomatic means verb has different meaning in these expressions. It does not mean to have) Tener_ años = to be _ yrs old (NOT Ser or Estar!!! NO: soy/eres/es…) Tener hambre/sed= to be hungry/thirsty (NOT Ser or Estar!!!)

Answering Questions: 1. If the question uses tú, then the person responding says yo. 2. ¿Cómo + ser (es/son…): What is/are__like? ¿Cómo? with ser does not mean How is/are…!!! ¿Cómo es la gorra? Es roja. 3. RULE: If the question has a preposition (a / de / con), then the answer must have the same preposition: ¿Con quién habla? Con la profesora.

Definite Articles: THE [ALL ARTICLES must agree in gender and number with noun] 1. meaning , gender and number: el (m) ; la (f); los (mpl); las (fpl)

Indefinite Articles: A/AN/SOME 1. meaning , gender and number: un (m) ; una (f); unos (mpl); unas (fpl)

Days of week lunes (Mon), martes, miércoles, jueves, viernes, sábado, domingo el día (day) el fin de semana (weekend) la semana (week)/ la semana próxima = next wk el año (year)

La Hora Es la for 1:00 times/ Son las for all other times y cuarto = ¼ past the hour y media = ½ past the hour menos cuarto = ¼ to the hour menos diez = 10 min to the hour el mediodía = midday/noon de la mañana = am / de la tarde & de la noche = pm (tarde is afternoon pm) 3:15 = Son las tres y cuarto BUT 3: 45 = Son las cuatro menos cuarto To ask “at what time” something happens, you have to ask “A qué hora…?”, and the answer must have an A with the time (i.e., a las tres)

Los Números cien 100 quinientos 500 setecientos 600 novecientos 900

3 Final Exam Study Guide NARANJAS mil 1000 diez mil 10,000 cien mil 100,000 millón 1,000,000 tres millón, setecientos cuarenta y cinco mil, quinientos noventa = 3, 745, 590

La famille El abuelo / la abuelo/ el nieto/ la nieta/ padre / la madre/el hermano/la hermana/el hijo/la hija/el sobrino/la sobrina/el primo/ la prima/el tío/la tia; la hija de mi tío= ?, el hermano de mi madre = ? , el hijo de mi tia = ? AND remember “la familia” is a SINGULAR noun that represents a group, so it requires SINGULAR forms of verbs and adjectives: la famila es/ tiene / va…

THOSE TRICKY SHORT WORDS that can change the meaning of the entire sentence de ninguna manera = by no means/in no way/no way hay = there is, there are buenas = good / mala = bad hoy= today mañana= tomorrow esta mañana = this morning / esta noche = tonight bastante= rather poco(s) = few (not many) antes = before despúes = after durante = during joven (young) v. viejo/a ( old) & anciano (elderly)

Practice to avoid these common errors:

1. Nuestros padres______un coche bonito: tiene ? tienes ? tenemos? tienen ?

2. Laura y Sofía son primas (agreement: whatever answer you choose, it must be Feminine [Laura, Sofía, primas] and Plural [ 2 muchachas / son is plural / primas ends in s)

3. ¿Por qué bailan? --Le gustan ____ (answer: --Le gustan bailan? baila? bailar?) [ALWAYS count # of verbs. gustar is verb #1, so if all choices are verbs, this is a 2-verb rule question, & choose appropriate verb in the infinitive (bailar)

4. ¿Quién? ¿Quiénes?¿Con quién? ¿Cómo? ¿Qué? ¿Por qué? ¿Cuándo? ¿Dónde? ¿Adónde? ¿Cuánto/a(s)? 5. tener = to have BUT tener que+ infinitive = to have + infinitive (tengo que ir = I have to go)

4 Final Exam Study Guide NARANJAS

6. Some less familiar vocabulary. Please memorize the following: Encontrar = to meet (encuentra/ encuentran) Él me da = he gives me con pelo = with hair agarrar = to grab el mono = the monkey el pie = the foot la mano = the hand le compro un regalo =she buys him a gift

7. If a school has its name, use el for colegio and la for escuela (el Colegio Simon Bolivar) 8. pagar = to pay (money ) BUT prestar = to pay (attention) 9. Contractions with a = to the / at the but with de = of the /from the / about the (al / a la / a los / a las v. del / de la / de los / de las) 10. gustar / interesar / encantar: (to like/to be interested by / to love): I like = me gusta(n) / I’m interested by = me interesa(n) / I love = me encanta(n). n is used when it is more than one thing you like/love, etc.

READ ALL CULTURE NOTES taken in class about

1. Do teachers or students change rooms each period in many Hispanic schools? 2. What is a typical dinner time in Spain? 5:00-5:30? 6:00- 6:30? 10:00-10:30? 3. What is La Mancha? region in Spain where the 17th c. novel Don Quixote takes place 4. Know info about Don Quijote alto / flaco/tanto (foolish) ; but friend Sancho Panza: bajo/gordo 5. What is una boda (wedding ceremony) / un bautizo (baptism: / una quinceañera?(popular birthday celebration for a girl turning 15. Gowns, dances, etc.) 6. Who are los padres (parents) / los parientes (relatives) / los padrinos (god parents who promise to take care of the children if something happens to the parents