Life Science-3Rd Nine Weeks Review

Name: ______Date: ______Life Science-3rd Nine Weeks Review Focus Assignment

Section LS 1: Planning and Conducting Investigations Text reference pages: 4-15

1. Manipulated variables are also called independent variables. Define: independent variable. ______2. Responding variables are also called dependent variables. Define: dependent variable. ______3. What is a control? ______

4. This experiment was set up to test the hypothesis that plants grow faster in green light. The same amount of water and fertilizer were added to each pot. Which of these would improve the experiment? Circle the correct answer.

A. Use green lights for all three plant B. Add more types of plants C. Use the same kind of plant in all trials D. Use different pots for each

5. List the independent variable in the experiment described in Question #4. ______6. List what you think would be an appropriate dependent variable for the experiment in Question #4. ______5. Interpreting Graphs: Crickets chirp to attract other crickets. The temperatures and rates of their chirping are graphed below.

Which statement below is most likely true for the data represented in the graph? Circle the correct answer. A The cooler the temperature, the louder the crickets chirp. B The crickets cannot chirp at temperatures lower than 100C. C The warmer the temperature, the more often crickets chirp. _ D The temperature and the chirping of crickets are not related.

6. What makes a controlled experiment different from other types of experiments? ______

7. Use your textbook p. 15 and answer questions #19-21. Place your answers in the spaces below.

_____19 ______20 ______21

8. Describe an experiment to find out which dog food your dog likes best. Make sure your experimental design includes: independent variable, dependent variable, and constants. ______Section LS 4b: Understanding that the basic needs of organisms must be met in order to carry out life processes (Animal needs) Text reference: pages 22-25

1. Name some things that all organisms need to stay alive. ______

2. Complete the following chart that summarizes both plant and animal needs:

Plants Animals Source of energy-describe how plants and animals get their energy

Water? (yes or no)

Living Space-How are plants and animals different?

Breathing: What gases do plants and animals need for their life processes?

Section LS 5b: Distinguishing characteristics of animal phyla 1. Fill out the following chart about the major animal groups (phyla). Text reference: pp. 308-372 Phyla Describe at least three Radial or Bilateral Three Examples: physical characteristics symmetry? Cnidarians

Annelids

Arthropods

Mollusks

Echinoderms

Chordates 2. Fill out the missing spaces in the chart about the major classes of Chordates: Text reference pages 373-439 Type of Animal Major Characteristics Examples Sharks ______-Covered in ______Sting Rays -Fins Skates -all aquatic Flounder Minnows Tuna Catfish

Amphibians -______Skin-uses lungs and skin to get oxygen -No ______-Cold-blooded -Lays eggs with no shells in water Metamorphosis (tadpole  adult) -Covered in dry scales Lizards -______-blooded Snakes -Lays water-tight soft- Turtles shelled eggs Alligators/Crocodiles Birds -Covered in ______-Can regulate internal body temperature -Lays ______-shelled eggs -Front limbs are ______-Covered in ______Humans ______-Can regulate internal Dogs body temperature Whales and Dolphins -Live Birth Seals -______glands Platypus are used to give milk to young -four chambered hearts SECTION LS 6: Understanding the basic physical and chemical processes of photosynthesis Text reference: pages 61-65

1. What role does chlorophyll play in photosynthesis? Where is chlorophyll found in the plant cell? ______2. Examine the chemical equation that summarizes photosynthesis: Write the names of the raw materials and products involved in photosynthesis in the blanks below.

6CO2 + 6H2O  C6H12O6 + 6O2

______+ ______ ______+ ______

Which of these are the raw materials for photosynthesis? ______and ______

Which of these are the products of photosynthesis? ______and ______

SECTION LS 7: Understand that organisms are dependent on each other and on nonliving components of the environment Text reference: pages 716-727 1. What is the primary source of energy for all terrestrial (land) and most aquatic ecosystems? ______

2. Look at the picture of this ecosystem. List the biotic (living) and abiotic (nonliving) components of this ecosystem.

Biotic Parts Abiotic Parts 3. Classify each of the organisms in the marine food web below as producers, primary (first level) consumers, secondary (second level) consumers or tertiary (third level) consumers.

Producers Primary Secondary Tertiary Consumers Consumers Consumers

4. In the food web above, which populations would be affected if pollution killed the population of zooplankton? Explain your answer. ______

5. Look at the food chain below. Place each part of the food chain the empty energy pyramid below. Plants Grasshoppers Sparrow Sparrow Hawk

a. Which organism would have the b. Which organisms would have the highest populations? lowest populations?

______

Energy Pyramid

6. Use the diagram below to help answer the questions about the carbon cycle. a. What processes return carbon to the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide? ______b. What is the only process that removes carbon dioxide from the air? ______c. Detritus is another word for “waste and dead things”. What is a detrivore? What role does a detrivore play in the carbon cycle? ______7. How is nitrogen fixation a necessary part of the nitrogen cycle? ______

8. Every few years, Virginia farmers plant peanuts or soybeans in their fields instead of corn and cotton. Explain how this practice benefits the farmers. ______

9. Explain how water vapor enters the atmosphere in the water cycle. ______