Roman Catholic Church

1 Bishop, Monks, and Nuns

• Most men of ______times lived according to the ______of the ______Church and paid heavy ______to the Church.

• In return, they were promised everlasting ______in which ______after death.

• Besides collecting taxes, the Church received _____ from all who sought special ______or who wished to be certain of a place in heaven.

• ______, meadows, ______, flocks were among the gifts that constantly increased the Church’s ______.

• ______and ______administered the sacraments (religious rituals which celebrate beliefs or events) to the people, and lead them in worship and festival holidays throughout the year.

• Bishops were ______ruling large ______and built ______, as the earls and barons did. • In return, a bishop might have knights as ______who would fight for the ______.

• With all its worldliness and riches, the Church stood for mercy, ______, and the ______of all persons before God.

• It welcomed ______of every ______into its ranks.

• Even a ______son had the chance to _____ in the Church and meet the nobles as an ______.

• ______were groups of religious men who withdrew from worldly affairs in order to find a holy Christian life.

• Monks lived in ______.

• Built around a large church, the ______was like a ______—a self contained little world with its own workshops, farms, gardens, orchards, and barns.

• Under the rule of a chief monk, or abbot, they lived by three basic vows; ______, poverty, and ______.

2 3 • Monks went to the monastery church ______times a day in a routine of worship that involved singing, chanting, and reciting prayers.

• Their day began at 2 AM.

• ______their counterpart lived in ______, provided for the less-fortunate members of the community.

• Nunneries were safe havens for ______and other travelers.

• Some monks spent their entire lives ______, collecting, and ______books.

• They wrote on ______skins which were washed, unhaired, washed again, dried on a frame, and scraped a second time.

• These skins were finished with a dusting of fine _____, and rubbed with a pumice stone until they were even and ______.

• The result was ______, used by monks to copy religious writings.

• A monk wrote on ______with a goose ______dried of its natural oils.

• He cut and trimmed the ______to his liking, and then began his work.

• When a mistake was made, he erased by ______the parchment with a ______and rubbing it smooth with an ______tooth.

• ______often labored for months over each religious volume.

• Despite eyestrain and body cramps, they created exact, print like lettering and colorful, richly detailed pictures and borders.

• Valuable ______and ______from the Middle Ages exist today because of the monk’s tireless efforts with parchment and quill