<p>Roman Catholic Church</p><p>1 Bishop, Monks, and Nuns</p><p>• Most men of ______times lived according to the ______of the ______Church and paid heavy ______to the Church. </p><p>• In return, they were promised everlasting ______in which ______after death. </p><p>• Besides collecting taxes, the Church received _____ from all who sought special ______or who wished to be certain of a place in heaven. </p><p>• ______, meadows, ______, flocks were among the gifts that constantly increased the Church’s ______.</p><p>• ______and ______administered the sacraments (religious rituals which celebrate beliefs or events) to the people, and lead them in worship and festival holidays throughout the year. </p><p>• Bishops were ______ruling large ______and built ______, as the earls and barons did. • In return, a bishop might have knights as ______who would fight for the ______.</p><p>• With all its worldliness and riches, the Church stood for mercy, ______, and the ______of all persons before God. </p><p>• It welcomed ______of every ______into its ranks. </p><p>• Even a ______son had the chance to _____ in the Church and meet the nobles as an ______.</p><p>• ______were groups of religious men who withdrew from worldly affairs in order to find a holy Christian life. </p><p>• Monks lived in ______. </p><p>• Built around a large church, the ______was like a ______—a self contained little world with its own workshops, farms, gardens, orchards, and barns. </p><p>• Under the rule of a chief monk, or abbot, they lived by three basic vows; ______, poverty, and ______. </p><p>2 3 • Monks went to the monastery church ______times a day in a routine of worship that involved singing, chanting, and reciting prayers.</p><p>• Their day began at 2 AM.</p><p>• ______their counterpart lived in ______, provided for the less-fortunate members of the community. </p><p>• Nunneries were safe havens for ______and other travelers.</p><p>• Some monks spent their entire lives ______, collecting, and ______books. </p><p>• They wrote on ______skins which were washed, unhaired, washed again, dried on a frame, and scraped a second time. </p><p>• These skins were finished with a dusting of fine _____, and rubbed with a pumice stone until they were even and ______. </p><p>• The result was ______, used by monks to copy religious writings. </p><p>• A monk wrote on ______with a goose ______dried of its natural oils. </p><p>• He cut and trimmed the ______to his liking, and then began his work.</p><p>• When a mistake was made, he erased by ______the parchment with a ______and rubbing it smooth with an ______tooth. </p><p>• ______often labored for months over each religious volume.</p><p>• Despite eyestrain and body cramps, they created exact, print like lettering and colorful, richly detailed pictures and borders. </p><p>• Valuable ______and ______from the Middle Ages exist today because of the monk’s tireless efforts with parchment and quill</p><p>4</p>