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Aultcraggie, Clyne, Sutherland Aultcraggie, Clyne, Sutherland Looking north towards the site (green patch in foreground) with the dwelling Vaila (formerly Aultcraggie), to the right, from Clynelish Moss Road The Sutherland ‘Oag’ family lair at Clynekirkton Graveyard A Report on an Archaeological Watching Brief Prepared for Mr Lonie Mackintosh Planning Application Reference No: 14/00797/PIP Nick Lindsay B.Sc, Ph.D Tel: 01408 621338 Sunnybrae West Clyne e-mail: [email protected] Brora Sutherland KW9 6NH May 2014 Aultcraggie, Clyne, Sutherland Contents 1.0 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................... 2 2.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Objectives .............................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Methodology .......................................................................................................................... 3 2.3 Limitations ............................................................................................................................. 3 2.4 Setting .................................................................................................................................... 3 3.0 Results ....................................................................................................................................... 4 3.1 Desk-Based Assessment ........................................................................................................ 4 3.2 Field Survey ......................................................................................................................... 13 4.0 Conclusions ............................................................................................................................. 16 5.0 Recommendations ................................................................................................................... 17 References ..................................................................................................................................... 18 Appendices .................................................................................................................................... 19 1 Aultcraggie, Clyne, Sutherland 1.0 Executive Summary An archaeological desk-based study and subsequent controlled topsoil strip of an area to the south west of Aultcraggie, in West Clyne in the parish of Clyne, Sutherland, was undertaken in May 2014. The above was required by the Highland Council’s Historic Environment Team as a condition of Planning for Application Reference No 14/00797/PIP, submitted by the developer, Mr Lonie Mackintosh, in order to establish the extent of archaeological remains along the proposed route of an access and the dwelling site. The survey area comprises the proposed access route from a private track to a dwelling site, around 140m south-south-west of the inhabited dwelling of Vaila, formerly known as Aultcraggie (see cover image). Aultcraggie is situated at the extreme western margin of the scattered settlement of West Clyne, approximately 3km to the north west of the village of Brora in east Sutherland (see Appendix I). The site is accessed from a private track leading from a cul- de-sac public road, off the C1098 Clynelish Distillery - Clynelish Moss Road. Six minor archaeological features/finds were discovered during the controlled topsoil strip, all of which are considered to be of minor importance. Please note that this report does not cover the installation of services, as the siting for these is unknown at present. 2 Aultcraggie, Clyne, Sutherland 2.0 Introduction 2.1 Objectives The objectives of this survey were to identify and record any features or objects of archaeological importance that could be damaged or destroyed by this development, while minimising any delays or disruption to the development project. 2.2 Methodology A desk-based study was made of the Highland Council’s Historic Environment Record (HER), in conjunction with many available resources, such as the National Map Library of Scotland, as well as specific and relevant references held locally in Sutherland, in order to identify any known and/or visible archaeology. Google Earth was also consulted prior to the survey to get an overview of any likely archaeology to be encountered. The subsequent controlled topsoil strip adhered to the principles set out in The Highland Council’s ‘Standards for Archaeological Work’. 2.3 Limitations The site was found to be vegetated mainly by grass and there were no obvious surface expressions of archaeology. It has to be also borne in mind, however, that archaeology may still lie concealed beneath below the ground surface outwith the area examined. 2.4 Setting The area identified for this proposal covers the proposed route of an approximately 130m long access track to a dwelling site on gently undulating ground at the top of a grassy field. The site is below and to the south west of the dwelling of Vaila (formerly Aultcraggie). Vaila is the only dwelling still habited at Aultcraggie, but map evidence suggests that there has been a long-lived human habitation history in the wider area, from the Bronze/Iron Age to the Post-Clearance era, after which the site would have been improved and used for domestic agriculture. 3 Aultcraggie, Clyne, Sutherland 3.0 Results 3.1 Desk-Based Assessment 3.1.1 Historic Environment Record/National Monument Record of Scotland Initial consultation of the Highland Council’s Historic Environment Record (HER) showed that there are no recorded sites within the survey area, although there are many recorded hut circles associated with the Bronze/Iron Age and Medieval township dwellings and associated structures in the wider area. The dwelling Vaila (Aultcraggie), 100m to the north-north-east of the site, together with a suite of hut circles and associated field systems to the north and west of the site are recorded on the HER (see Appendix III & IV). The nearest Scheduled Ancient Monument is Clynekirkton, Old Parish Church and churchyard and Bell Tower, 1.5km to the east-north-east and these are also nearest listed buildings. The presence of the hut circles, together with the other recorded ancient monuments dating back as far as the Neolithic in the surrounding district, show that the area has a long lived and rich history. Early colonisers would have grown subsistence crops on the hill slopes. They would have hunted on the hillsides and fished in the rivers and it clearly shows that several communities would have been able to sustain an existence here. 3.1.2 Maps The current Ordnance Survey map depicts the site as part of an enclosed field, south of the inhabited dwelling and associated outbuildings of Vaila. Three hut circles are shown around 75m to the west of the site and two more just a little further away to the north west and north. Investigation into maps of earlier origins sheds more light; William Roy’s ‘Military Survey of Scotland’, of 1747-55 (inset, below), depicts the area as rough ground, then uncultivated and uninhabited, unlike ground surrounding Clyne Kirk and to its south west. Site 4 Aultcraggie, Clyne, Sutherland Burnett and Scott’s ‘Map of the County of Sutherland made on the basis of the trigonometrical survey of Scotland in the years 1831, 1832’ (with additional names and corrections by Hector Morrison, Inverness, 1853) clearly shows a settlement at Aultcraggie (inset, below), although it is not named definitively. It lies on the east side of Alt-chraggie and comprises three buildings. The Ordnance Survey 1:2500 scale 1st Edition map of 1872 (inset, below), shows two roofed buildings at Aultcraggie, with improved ground attached to the north and detached to the south. The site, outlined in red, has no features depicted close to it. 5 Aultcraggie, Clyne, Sutherland The Ordnance Survey 1:2500 scale 2nd Edition map of 1904 (inset, below), shows that the building aligned north-south has been demolished. A new building has been constructed to the west of the other building depicted in the previous edition (above). The new building appears to have the function of a mill, as a new watercourse has been diverted eastwards from the burn, Allt Craggie, flowing into a sluiced reservoir and directed past its west gable, before re-joining the burn to the south west. The improved ground where the site lies has been subdivided into three by boundary walls or fences, but no other features are depicted in the proximity of the site. 3.1.3 Documentary Evidence Frank MacLennan, in one of his series of articles on place names in Clyne, which appeared in the Northern Times on September 13th, 1957, explains the meaning of Allt Craggie as ‘Craggie is from creag, a rock; the Rocky Burn.’ Apart from being a fairly obvious translation from Gaelic, MacLennan may have referred to Gunn (1897), who had stated the same meaning. The Ordnance Survey Name Book, accompanying the 1st edition map of 1872 describes Aultcraggie as the ‘name applied to a farm house with offices detached, the dwelling house is slated, the offices thatched, all one story high and in good repair’. It appears that the township of Rock, immediately to the west of the site (and to which also Aultcraggie was ascribed in the census of 1841), was a resettlement area for people cleared from Strath Brora to make way