I Read the Texts and Decide on the Prevailing Textual Pattern. Underline the Signal Words

MOCK TEST

I Read the texts and decide on the prevailing textual pattern. Underline the signal words and mark the borders between the pattern elements. a) Over the past year, scientific evidence has continued to mount showing that stratospheric ozone depletion is even more serious than thought only a few years back. This poses a major problem, because the ozone layer shields life from harmful solar ultraviolet radiation known as UV-B. Although ozone depletion has been most pronounced at the poles, its effects will be serious at other latitudes, since UV-B, like all solar radiation, increases in intensity toward the equator. At higher latitudes, people will face a greater risk of skin cancer; at lower latitudes, more crop damage and health effects such as cataracts and immune system impairment are likely to occur, and vital links in food chains on land and sea might be broken. While the ozone problem has been caused principally by industrialized countries, developing countries will have to join them in reaching a solution. Their participation is currently facilitated by the 1987 Montreal Protocol (MP), but if the phaseout needs to be accelerated, additional financial incentives and a more flexible way of carrying out the accord would be required.

TEXTUAL PATTERN: ______ELEMENTS: ______b) Clearly, 'America the Beautiful' deserves to be our national anthem. For years now, it has been gaining popularity in school assemblies, at official state functions, and even in our ball parks. The music is simple, dignified, and--most important--easy to sing. The lyrics celebrate our history ('O beautiful for pilgrim feet . . .'), our land ('For purple mountain majesties above the fruited plain'), our heroes ('Who more than self their country loved'), and our future ('That sees beyond the years'). It is proud but not warlike, idealistic without sounding silly.

TEXTUAL PATTERN: ______ELEMENTS: ______c) In recent decades, cities have grown so large that now about 50% of the Earth's population lives in urban areas. There are several reasons for this occurrence. First, the increasing industrialization of the nineteenth century resulted in the creation of many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs, with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many families to leave farming communities and move to the cities. Finally, as the cities grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment, and culture, such as sports stadiums, theaters, and museums. For many people, these facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on the farm, and therefore drew them away from rural communities.

TEXTUAL PATTERN: ______ELEMENTS: ______d) My hometown and my college town have several things in common. First, both are small rural communities. For example, my hometown, Gridlock, has a population of only about 10,000 people. Similarly, my college town, Subnormal, consists of about 11,000 local residents. This population swells to 15,000 people when the college students are attending classes. A second way in which these two towns are similar is that they are both located in rural areas. Gridlock is surrounded by many acres of farmland which is devoted mainly to growing corn and soybeans. In the same way, Subnormal lies in the center of farmland which is used to raise hogs and cattle…

TEXTUAL PATTERN: ______ELEMENTS: ______e) When I got home from school after a long boring day, I took out the peanut butter, jelly and bread. After taking the lid off the jars, I spread the peanut butter on one side of the bread and the jelly on the other, and then I put the two pieces of bread together. After that, I enjoyed it whole watching Cops on the TV. I swear, that was the best peanut butter and jelly sandwich I had ever eaten.

TEXTUAL PATTERN: ______ELEMENTS: ______

II Analyse the texts in terms of their genre and register .

A. Genre: ______Register: ______

B. Visit Rome, capital of Italy and ancient capital of the Roman Empire, which is blessed with splendid ruins, delightful markets and intriguing narrow streets that beckon the adventurous explorer.

Genre: ______Register: ______

C. Papers should not exceed 7000 words (including footnotes and Works Cited) and should follow the latest MLA Handbook. Papers should be submitted in double-spaced format (two hard copies and a disk) to the editors of the issue at the following addresses: Tina Krontiris, School of English, Aristotle University, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece, and Jyotsna G. Singh, Department of English, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1036.

Genre: ______Register: ______

III Transform the following informal sentences into sentences belonging to the formal register:

1 You can simply order samples from… ______2 We can do many things… ______3 We are not going to renew the sole representative agreement again because you haven’t produced enough business for us. ______4 This is because the costs have risen. ______5 If we don’t receive our fee, we will call a lawyer. ______6 I give you a weak to sort this out. ______7 I talked it over with my friends. ______8 They didn’t do anything about the thing I complained about. ______9 Lately, things got worse. ______10 The thing we bought was cheap. ______

IV Are these examples of conceptual metaphor or metonymy? Define the underlying metaphor/metonymy. Define the source and the target domains for metaphors.

1. Let me chew it over for a while. ______2. I have a very dim hope that he'll recover. ______3. There are 20,000 hungry mouths to feed in this region. ______4. This marriage has been spinning its wheels for years. ______5. Don't pour your money down the drain. ______6. The waiter: ‘The omelette left without paying’. ______7. She is in the flower of youth. ______8. He was bombarded by insults. ______9. His reputation is tarnished. ______10. She is my other/better half. ______11. This museum has two Van Goghs. ______12. We're in a lot of trouble now. ______13. His eyes smouldered with rage. ______