Module 6 Exam Review
1. Compared to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells will typically have a ______. cell wall
2. True or false, prokaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane? false
3. What prokaryotic cell structure regulates passage of materials into and out of the cell? cell membrane
4. What is the role of the capsule found on some prokaryotic cells? protection and phagocyte resistance
5. What tiny, tube-like projections from the cell surface and are associated with adherence? pili
6. What are plasmids? extrachromosomal DNA
7. Identify the following on a graphic: chromosome, ribosomes, inclusion, plasmid, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, capsule, flagellum
8. What is the term for rod-shaped bacteria? bacilli
9. What is the term for a flexible, corkscrew shape? spirochete
10. What is the term that describes spherical bacteria? cocci
11. What term is used to describe chains of spherical bacteria? streptococci
12. Grape-like or irregular clusters of spherical bacteria are called______. staphylococci
13. Spherical bacteria arranged in groups of two would be known as ______. diplococci
14. A thin peptidoglycan layer would be indicative of a Gram ______bacterium. negative
15. The reason there is a difference in the Gram stain is due to the ______of the cell wall. thickness
16. A Gram stain of a thick cell wall would show ______staining. purple
17. Selective culture media ______. encourages the growth of some organisms, discourages others
18. Differential growth media identifies bacteria based on the fermentation of _____. carbohydrates
19. Which type of culture media enhances the growth of fastidious bacteria? enriched
20. What type of organism would be destroyed in conditions of high atmospheric oxygen? anaerobic
21. Aerobes would thrive in an environment that is rich in ______. oxygen
22. The four phases of bacterial growth are ____, _____, _____, and _____? lag, log, stationary, death
23. Binary fission is used to describe the process of bacterial ______. replication 24. With a generation time of 15 minutes how many organisms would there be after three hours? 4096
25. Exponential growth is evident in which phase of the bacterial growth curve? log
26. When bacterial growth has stabilized it is in the ______phase. stationary
27. On a graphic identify the phases of bacterial growth: lag, log, stationary, and death.
28. Symbiosis is condition where two organisms are ______. cohabitate/live together
29. What is commensalism? one organism benefits, one is neutral
30. What is mutualism? both organisms benefit
31. What is parasitism? one organism benefits, one is harmed
32. Organisms that commonly live in or on the body and are usually not pathogenic are part of the body’s ______. normal flora
33. Pathogenicity is the organism’s ability to ______. cause disease
34. Virulence would be described as ______. the severity of disease
35. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme, which contributes to the ______of a bacterium. pathogenicity
36. Coagulase is an enzyme that accelerates ______to cover the bacterium with fibrin. clotting
37. Streptokinase and staphylokinase break down and prevent ______. clots
38. Gram-positive organisms primarily secrete ______. exotoxins
39. Upon their deaths, Gram-negative bacteria release ______. endotoxins
40. Certain bacterial species can survive for very long periods of time as _____. endospores
41. Newly synthesized nucleic acids are packaged into complete virions during the ______stage. maturation
42. The return of a spore to an active, metabolizing state is called ______. germination
43. A virus which can transfer genetic material to bacteria is called a ______. transduction
44. Drug resistance is transferred via a F pilus (sex pilus) in the process of ______. conjugation
45. Drug resistance resulting from the uptake of DNA fragments from neighboring, dead bacteria is called ____. transformation
46. A viral infection is closely tied to which bacterial-resistance process? transduction 47. A bacteriostatic antimicrobial ______organism growth. inhibits
48. A bacteriocidal antimicrobial will ______an organism. kill
49. A broad spectrum antimicrobial is effective against both ______and ______microorganisms. Gram- positive and Gram-negative
50. A narrow spectrum antimicrobial is effective against a ______number of microorganisms. limited
51. A large, clear zone surrounding an antibiotic disc on an agar disk indicates the organism is _____ to the antibiotic. sensitive
52. Resistant bacteria would be indicated by a _____ zone of inhibition on the antibiotic sensitivity disk. small
53. Streptococcus pyogenes is a common cause of ______. pharyngitis
54. Mycoplasms lack a ______. cell wall
55. An insect that transmits an organism is called a _____. vector
56. Bacteria that have different shapes and sizes are classified as ______. pleomorphic
57. Chlamydia and Rickettsia are obligate, ______microorganisms. intracellular
58. The nucleic acid core of a virus is either ______or ______but never both.DNA or RNA
59. A _____ is a protective coat that encloses the viral nucleic acid. capsid
60. Adsorption, penetration, synthesis, maturation, and release are the steps to ______. viral replication
61. A virus that can reappear and produce disease symptoms is called a ______virus. latent
62. A prion-related disease called bovine spongiform encephalopathy is more commonly known as _____. mad cow disease
63. Brain tissue can be affected by infectious misfolded proteins called ______. prions
64. Ringworm is a ______infection. fungal
65. What protozoan can be found in the local streams? Giardia
66. The motile, adult, invasive form of an infective protozoan is called a ______. trophozoite
67. The dormant, infective stage of a protozoan is commonly referred to as a ______. cyst
68. A _____ host harbors the parasite when it reproduces by sexual reproduction. definitive
69. A host that is not part of the normal life cycle is called ______. accidental 70. Flukes, tapeworms, roundworms, and tissue parasites are examples of ______. helminths
71. A scolex and segments called proglottids are associated with ______. tapeworm