<p> Module 6 Exam Review</p><p>1. Compared to eukaryotic cells, prokaryotic cells will typically have a ______. cell wall</p><p>2. True or false, prokaryotic cells have a nuclear membrane? false</p><p>3. What prokaryotic cell structure regulates passage of materials into and out of the cell? cell membrane</p><p>4. What is the role of the capsule found on some prokaryotic cells? protection and phagocyte resistance</p><p>5. What tiny, tube-like projections from the cell surface and are associated with adherence? pili</p><p>6. What are plasmids? extrachromosomal DNA</p><p>7. Identify the following on a graphic: chromosome, ribosomes, inclusion, plasmid, cytoplasm, cell membrane, cell wall, capsule, flagellum</p><p>8. What is the term for rod-shaped bacteria? bacilli</p><p>9. What is the term for a flexible, corkscrew shape? spirochete</p><p>10. What is the term that describes spherical bacteria? cocci</p><p>11. What term is used to describe chains of spherical bacteria? streptococci</p><p>12. Grape-like or irregular clusters of spherical bacteria are called______. staphylococci </p><p>13. Spherical bacteria arranged in groups of two would be known as ______. diplococci</p><p>14. A thin peptidoglycan layer would be indicative of a Gram ______bacterium. negative </p><p>15. The reason there is a difference in the Gram stain is due to the ______of the cell wall. thickness </p><p>16. A Gram stain of a thick cell wall would show ______staining. purple</p><p>17. Selective culture media ______. encourages the growth of some organisms, discourages others</p><p>18. Differential growth media identifies bacteria based on the fermentation of _____. carbohydrates </p><p>19. Which type of culture media enhances the growth of fastidious bacteria? enriched</p><p>20. What type of organism would be destroyed in conditions of high atmospheric oxygen? anaerobic</p><p>21. Aerobes would thrive in an environment that is rich in ______. oxygen</p><p>22. The four phases of bacterial growth are ____, _____, _____, and _____? lag, log, stationary, death</p><p>23. Binary fission is used to describe the process of bacterial ______. replication 24. With a generation time of 15 minutes how many organisms would there be after three hours? 4096</p><p>25. Exponential growth is evident in which phase of the bacterial growth curve? log</p><p>26. When bacterial growth has stabilized it is in the ______phase. stationary</p><p>27. On a graphic identify the phases of bacterial growth: lag, log, stationary, and death.</p><p>28. Symbiosis is condition where two organisms are ______. cohabitate/live together</p><p>29. What is commensalism? one organism benefits, one is neutral </p><p>30. What is mutualism? both organisms benefit</p><p>31. What is parasitism? one organism benefits, one is harmed</p><p>32. Organisms that commonly live in or on the body and are usually not pathogenic are part of the body’s ______. normal flora</p><p>33. Pathogenicity is the organism’s ability to ______. cause disease</p><p>34. Virulence would be described as ______. the severity of disease </p><p>35. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme, which contributes to the ______of a bacterium. pathogenicity</p><p>36. Coagulase is an enzyme that accelerates ______to cover the bacterium with fibrin. clotting</p><p>37. Streptokinase and staphylokinase break down and prevent ______. clots</p><p>38. Gram-positive organisms primarily secrete ______. exotoxins</p><p>39. Upon their deaths, Gram-negative bacteria release ______. endotoxins</p><p>40. Certain bacterial species can survive for very long periods of time as _____. endospores </p><p>41. Newly synthesized nucleic acids are packaged into complete virions during the ______stage. maturation</p><p>42. The return of a spore to an active, metabolizing state is called ______. germination</p><p>43. A virus which can transfer genetic material to bacteria is called a ______. transduction</p><p>44. Drug resistance is transferred via a F pilus (sex pilus) in the process of ______. conjugation</p><p>45. Drug resistance resulting from the uptake of DNA fragments from neighboring, dead bacteria is called ____. transformation</p><p>46. A viral infection is closely tied to which bacterial-resistance process? transduction 47. A bacteriostatic antimicrobial ______organism growth. inhibits</p><p>48. A bacteriocidal antimicrobial will ______an organism. kill</p><p>49. A broad spectrum antimicrobial is effective against both ______and ______microorganisms. Gram- positive and Gram-negative </p><p>50. A narrow spectrum antimicrobial is effective against a ______number of microorganisms. limited</p><p>51. A large, clear zone surrounding an antibiotic disc on an agar disk indicates the organism is _____ to the antibiotic. sensitive</p><p>52. Resistant bacteria would be indicated by a _____ zone of inhibition on the antibiotic sensitivity disk. small</p><p>53. Streptococcus pyogenes is a common cause of ______. pharyngitis</p><p>54. Mycoplasms lack a ______. cell wall</p><p>55. An insect that transmits an organism is called a _____. vector </p><p>56. Bacteria that have different shapes and sizes are classified as ______. pleomorphic</p><p>57. Chlamydia and Rickettsia are obligate, ______microorganisms. intracellular </p><p>58. The nucleic acid core of a virus is either ______or ______but never both.DNA or RNA </p><p>59. A _____ is a protective coat that encloses the viral nucleic acid. capsid</p><p>60. Adsorption, penetration, synthesis, maturation, and release are the steps to ______. viral replication </p><p>61. A virus that can reappear and produce disease symptoms is called a ______virus. latent</p><p>62. A prion-related disease called bovine spongiform encephalopathy is more commonly known as _____. mad cow disease</p><p>63. Brain tissue can be affected by infectious misfolded proteins called ______. prions</p><p>64. Ringworm is a ______infection. fungal</p><p>65. What protozoan can be found in the local streams? Giardia</p><p>66. The motile, adult, invasive form of an infective protozoan is called a ______. trophozoite</p><p>67. The dormant, infective stage of a protozoan is commonly referred to as a ______. cyst</p><p>68. A _____ host harbors the parasite when it reproduces by sexual reproduction. definitive</p><p>69. A host that is not part of the normal life cycle is called ______. accidental 70. Flukes, tapeworms, roundworms, and tissue parasites are examples of ______. helminths</p><p>71. A scolex and segments called proglottids are associated with ______. tapeworm</p>