Changes in the North

Changes in the North:

I. Advances in Transportation A. ______: Robert Fulton in 1807 with the Clermont 1. linked ______waterways with the south and eastern coasts 2. helped unite the nation

B. ______: John Griffiths in 1841 with the Rainbow 1. traveled between New York, San Francisco & ______a. brought silk, tea, cinnamon,______, from China b. improved ______and communication between the east and ______

C. ______: 1. covered the same distance as a clipper ship in about _____ the time. 2. Could go almost ______3. By 1860, there was ______miles of railroad track in the U.S.

II. Advances in Communication A. The ______: Samuel F.B. Morse 1. 1844, Morse sends first telegraph message. 2. By 1846, ______miles of telegraph wire was complete 1. connected Boston, New York, and Washington D. C. 3. it transmitted messages using ______Code. (a series of dots and dashes)

III. Working Conditions A. Invention of steam engine allowed factories to be built______. B. Trade Increases 1. Increased demand for ______2. Leads to a decrease in working conditions a. a mill worker made $___ to $____ a week (1851) b. the average family of 5 needed at least $10.37 a week to survive c. children made up ______of the work force 1) worked 12 hour days/ 6 days a week 2) made ______cents a day 3. Workers Organized a. founded ______1) wanted better working conditions 2) wanted better pay 3) threatened strikes a) strikes were______b) fine and jail time 4. Immigration a. Between 1840 and 1860 about ______immigrants came to the U.S. 1. Most to the ______2. Most came from Europe a) Germans fled from a failed revolution 1) settled in the Ohio Valley/ Great Lakes Region 2) Most were ______b) ______made up 40% of immigrants 1) Fled Famine 2) Settled in Boston and ______3) Most uneducated b. By 1852 ½ the factory workers in mills were foreigners c. ______– discouraged immigration 1. didn’t want immigrants to hold elected office 2. wanted immigrants to wait ______years to become citizens 3. were against Catholics

IV. ______A. African Americans 1. Could Not a. Serve on a jury b. Be elected to ______c. Ride in a carriage or work in a building with a white person d. ______in elections