Vertebrate Test Review Sheet

Vertebrate Test Review Sheet General characteristics: 1. Name and describe the four structures that all chordates display at some point in their life.

2. Why are all vertebrate considered to be chordates, but not all chordates considered to be vertebrates?

3. Compare and contrast the skeleton of a vertebrate to that of an arthropod.

4. What kind of symmetry do chordates have? 5. Give the general characteristics of aganthans (jawless fish), cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

6. Give examples of the following organisms: nonvertebrate chordates, agnathans, cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

7. What does viviparous mean?

8. What does oviparous mean?

9. What does ovoviviparous mean?

10. Compare and contrast how ectotherms and endotherms regulate their body temperature.

Fish 11. Describe the location and function of the following parts of a fish: lateral line, swim bladder, and operculum 12. Which organ do fish use for excretion?

Amphibians 13. Describe the process of metamorphosis in a frog.

14. How is the name “amphibian” related to its lifecycle?

15. Why must an amphibians’ skin stay moist? (Relate it to their alternate form of respiration, breathing)

Reptiles 16. What advantage does a shelled egg give to reptiles?

17. Which type of climate would you NOT find a reptile? Why?

18. Which group of reptiles have 4 chambered hearts?

Birds 19. What type of fertilization do birds have? Why can’t they use the other type of fertilization?

20. What structures are unique to a bird’s respiratory system?

21. What advantages do these structures provide birds?

Mammals 22. Why is a four chambered heart more efficient than other types?

23. Name and give the main characteristics of the three types of mammals.

24. What structure do monotremes have that is usually found in amphibians, reptiles and birds?

All group comparison 25. Describe the circulatory structures of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals (include whether they are closed or open, single or double-looped, and how many chambers are in each heart. 26. Describe the body covering (skin structures) of agnathans (jawless fish), cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

27. Which two systems in an animal’s body use the cloaca? Which organisms have this structure?

28. Compare the egg structure of the following organisms: fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds.

29. Describe the reproduction and development of agnathans (jawless fish), cartilaginous fish, bony fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, placental mammals, marsupials, and monotremes. .

30. Label and give the functions of the amniotic egg